Noyan Ashraf Ma, Azargoon Ar, Abtahi Ha, Safavi E, Piroozbakhsh Sh, Peiravi Sereshke H,
Volume 66, Issue 6 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: The insertion of endotracheal tube is essential for most surgical operations, mechanically ventilated patient in ICU wards, During cardiopulmonary resuscitation and so for transport of patients. The aim of this study was determination of airway related distances in Iranian patients.
Methods: In a cross- sectional study during year 2007 in Imam Khomeini university Hospital a total of 75 ASA class I and II patients who were admitted to pulmonary ward evaluated for determination of incisor-vocal cord and incisor- carina distances. The nasal nare- vocal cord distance was determined too.
Results: A total of 71 patients, 45(63%) male and 26(36.6%) female were evaluated. The Incisor-vocal cord distance in males and females was 16.83±0.75mm against 15.04±1.12mm (P=0.03). The difference of nare-vocal cords and Incisor- vocal cord distances was 2-3Cm
Conclusions: There was direct association between height and tracheal length in the study patients. The tracheal length (suitable insertion depth) in our patients was different from the recommendations (23 & 21 Cm for men and women) for non- Iranian, 25.9 versus 22.6 for Iranian men and women respectively. The difference of nasal nare-vocal cord and upper incisor-vocal cord distances in our patients was 2-3 cm, the lower range of accepted or reported one. We offer to do another experience with larger study group to apply the data to Iranian population.
Azargoon Md. A, Heidary S, Alavi Toussy J,
Volume 69, Issue 4 (6 2011)
Abstract
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Background: Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of three or more pregnancies.
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is traditionally
investigated after three or more consecutive losses. Although some believe that
the investigation must be launched after two miscarriages, there is not enough
compelling evidence to draw conclusion.
Methods : In this cross-sectional study, we studied 58 women
with two or more consecutive abortions (37 women
with two and 21 women with three or
more miscarriages) from 2005 to 2009.
The following risk factors were analyzed and compared between the two groups:
endocrine dysfunctions, genetic abnormalities, uterine anomalies, infections,
thrombophilia, polycystic ovary syndrome, autoimmune disorders, sperm
characteristics, and advanced maternal age.
Results : We did not find any known factor for pregnancy losses in 18
(31.03%) patients but in the rest, the most common
cause of Recurrent pregnancy loss was endocrine disorders (41.4%).
The other causes were uterine abnormalities (12.1%),
infections (12.1%), maternal age more
than 35 years (12.1%),
thrombophilia (8.6%), abnormal semen
analysis (8.6%), genetic defects (6.9%)
and autoimmune disorders (1.7%). There were no
significant differences between the two groups in regards with the causes of
abortion except uterine abnormality (P=0.039)
which was more frequent in women with three or more three miscarriages (23.8%)
relative to women with two abortions (5.4%).
Conclusion: There were no significant differences between women with two or women with three
or more three abortions in regards with the causes of abortion except uterine
anomalies. Therefore, it seems quite reasonable and perhaps beneficial to start
the investigation in patients with two abortions.
Azam Azargoon , Raheb Ghorbani , Sahar Mosavi ,
Volume 72, Issue 4 (July 2014)
Abstract
Background: The use of Methotrexate (MTX) is a good and common practice for the treatment of women who were diagnosed early with ectopic pregnancy (EP). The aim of this study is to determine the predictors of treatment failure with a single dose of MTX injection.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, we studied 70 women with ectopic preg-nancies who were treated with MTX, according to a single dose protocol from 2010 to 2013. EP was diagnosed whenever an intrauterine gestational sac was not identified by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS), accompanied by an abnormal rise or plateau in human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) concentration. Briefly, women with ectopic pregnancies were considered candidates for MTX treatment if they were hemodynami-cally stable did not desire surgical therapy, agreed to weekly follow-up and did not have hepatic, hematologic, or renal disease. A Patient was considered a treatment suc-cess (group 1) if her beta-hCG levels decreased ≤10 m IU/ml after the first dose of MTX. Treatment failure (group 2) was defined as the need for a second or a third dose of MTX or surgery. The following risk factors were compared between the two groups: serum beta-hCG on the days 1 and 4, a ≥ 15% decrease in serum beta-hCG between the days 1-4 of the treatment, age, parity, gravidity, the size of the ectopic mass and the endometrial thickness.
Results: The success rate of MTX treatment was 77.1%. There were no significant dif-ferences between the two groups in regard to the age, parity, gravidity, the size of ec-topic mass and the endometrial thickness in vaginal sonography, but the mean serum beta-hCG concentration on days 1 and 4 was lower in the success group than the failure group. We also observed a ≥ 15% decrease in serum beta-hCG in 80.9% of the women from the success group and in 38.5% of the cases whose treatment had failed. The presence of fetal heart activity was seen in only one patient and this patient’s treatment failed. Two patients had previous history of ectopic pregnancy and the treatment of both ended in failure.
Conclusion: Among women with ectopic pregnancies who were candidates for MTX treatment, a high serum beta-hCG concentration on the days 1-4 and also a ≤ 15% fall in serum beta-hCG between the days 1-4 treatment, are the most important factors associated with the failure of the treatment with a single dose MTX protocol. It is better to use these factors for making decisions about the initiation of the treatment or the continuation of it.
