Showing 34 results for Babak
Iravani M, Shayegan M, Babaei Gh, Talebian A, Ghavamzadeh A, Babak Bahar, Aghaeipoor M,
Volume 62, Issue 3 (11 2004)
Abstract
Background: Graft-versus-host disease is one of the major complications after allogenic bone marrow transplantation, but it is not easy to anticipate the onset. Cytokines released by type 1 T-helper cells are thought to play a pivotal role in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). The ability to predict the likely occurrence of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) after BMT would be extremely valuable. By serially measuring serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-18 and following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we tried to define their relationship to aGVHD as complication of the transplantation and determine useful markers for aGVHD predictors.
Materials and Methods: Serum sIL-2R, IL-18, and levels were measured by sandwich ELISA in 219 sera samples from 39 patients (with hematological disorders before and after allogeneic BMT) and 28 controls. All patients received BMT from HLA-identical siblings.
Results: 25 patients developed aGVHD and serum levels of sIL-2 R and IL-18 , in sera drawn before transplantation , in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD +) , were increased in comparison of patients without acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD ¯) and control group and there wasn’t any significant differences in serum levels of sIL-2 R and IL-18 in aGVHD ¯ patients and controls. Serum level of IL-18, in aGVHD+ patients, was increased during day 3 - 24 after BMT, and there was a significant difference in patients with GVHD 0 – GVHD III. In majority of patients with acute GVHD (60 %) , the peak levels of IL-18 and IL-2R was achieved on day 10 after BMT and the rise in sIL-2R and IL-18 preceded of clinical signs of GVHD (mean day 15 after BMT). Level of IL-18 in patients with aGVHD had strongly correlated with the severity of aGVHD on Day 10 after BMT. IL-18 level mean (before BMT), in patients who received Busulfan and Fludarabin to treat aGVHD, was lower than in patients who received Busulfan - Endoxan, or Cyclophosphamide.
Conclusion: Our data concluded that IL-18 plays an important role in the development of aGVHD and IL-18 level might be an indicator for aGVHD, reflecting the severity of the disease. These findings suggest that IL-18 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of aGVHD and that measurement of serum IL-18 levels can be useful predictor of aGVHD.
H Moradi-Shahrebabak, A.r Dorosti-Motlagh, M Hoseini , H Sadrzadeh,
Volume 64, Issue 1 (30 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Prevalence of malnutrition is high in under-5 years old children and mother’s nutritional knowledge, attitude, practice(KAP) is associated to nutritional status of children and lack of nutritional knowledge and their poor practices can be considered of prominent causes of children malnutrition. This study carried out to assess the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers.
Materials and Methods: In this study a group of 632 mothers who had at least one child aged 6-36 month old referred to Kerman health centers were selected to evaluate their nutritional KAP. The data were collected using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with the mothers and from children health care records. The KAP questionnaires were completed and scores were rated as: optimum, relatively optimum and poor for subjects that achieved 80% – 100%, 60% – 80% and < 60% of high scores respectively.
Results: The findings of this study indicated that 40/2%, 73/6% and 26/9% of mothers had respectively optimum knowledge, attitude and practice. A statistically significant association was found between mother education and maternal nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice. And family income had a statistically significant association with knowledge and not with practice and attitude. There was no association between mother age and knowledge, attitude, practice. And was found a significant positive association between knowledge, attitude, practice.
Conclusion: Education of mothers concerning nutritional requirements of children make them possible to benefit a proper nutritional program.
Behtash H, Ganjavian M, Shahre Babaki B, Fereshtehnejad S.m, Akbarnia B,
Volume 64, Issue 10 (2 2006)
Abstract
Background: The currently accepted treatment of scoliosis are bracing and surgery. Two-stage anterior and posterior spinal fusion is used to correct scoliosis. It seems that the application of a longitudinal force to the axis of the spinal column as a means of stabilizing by halo traction, may increase the correction of the curve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of halo traction used between the two stages of corrective surgery, anterior and posterior spinal fusion, on the correction of scoliosis curvature.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial twelve scoliotic patients, aged from 12-19 years old, were treated by two-stage anterior spinal release and fusion (ASF) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF). The patients were divided in two groups: 6 scoliotic patients without any traction between ASF and PSF surgeries (group A), and 6 scoliotic patients were undergone halo traction for one week between ASF and PSF surgeries (group B). Major curve angle was measured before surgery, one week after ASF and one year after PSF surgeries. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS v.13.5.
Results: The mean baseline curve angles were 90° (SD=18.70) and 94.17°(SD=28.18) in groups A and B, respectively. Whereas, the mean final curve angles (one year after PSF) were 51.17°(SD=29.59) and 39.17°(23.11) in groups A and B, respectively. Final angle improvement was 46.58% (SD=20.31) in patients without traction and 61.32% (SD=14.02) in patients with halo traction. The major curve angles showed significantly better correction in patients with traction one week after ASF [38.67°(SD=7.86) vs. 25°(SD=6.28), P=0.012]. This difference persisted at the end of the first year after operation. [55°(SD=8.94) vs. 38.83°(SD=11.65), P=0.022].
Conclusion: Application of halo traction between ASF and PSF surgeries may lead to better improvement of the scoliotic curvature and short time application of halo traction decreases possible complications.
Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri , Parisa Rahnama , Pejman Shadpour , Babak Teimourpour ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Data mining as a multidisciplinary field is rooted in the fields such as statistics, mathematics, computer science and artificial intelligence and has been gaining momentum in scientific, managerial, and executive applications in health care. Data mining can be defined as the automated extraction of valuable, practical and hidden knowledge and information from large data. Applying data mining in medical records and data is of utmost importance for health care givers and providers and brings vital and valuable outcomes. Data mining can help doctors come up with better recommendations and plans for treatment which actually in many respects have significant impact on patients’ life and satisfaction In this paper we have proposed and utilized data mining methods to extract hidden information in medical records of pelvis stone patients with ureteral stone. We have tried to design a decision support system model to be applicable for selecting type of treatment for these groups of patients.
Methods: We gathered needed information from Shahid Hashemi Nejad hospital. In this research we have used decision tree as a data mining tool, for selecting suitable treatment for patients with ureteral stone. This model can predict probability of success of each treatment.
Results: In this research we extracted effective attributes in selecting type of treatment for patients with ureteral stone.
Conclusions: By using this model we can have eight percent improvement in number of patients who have stone free output after treating. In fact, this model has a better functionality than expert system of hospitals.
Mohammad Javad Zehtab , Ahmad Reza Mirbolook , Babak Syavashi , Mostafa Shahrezayi , Mostafa Mirmostafa ,
Volume 67, Issue 10 (1-2010)
Abstract
Background : Open fractures are associated with an increased risk of infection and healing complications. Management of open fractures is based on the following principles: assessment of the patient, classification of the injury, antibiotic therapy, debridement and wound management, Fracture stabilization, early bonegrafting, and supplemental procedures to achieve healing.
Methods : In a case- control retrospective study we evaluated 33 patients with open tibial fracture (type two gustillo) who were admitted in sina General hospital in Tehran, Iran during years 1999-2009 and were treated uniformly with external fixation as primary treatment in our center as case group and the other 33 patients with the same method and another 33 patients who had not been infected as control group. W e compared the folders of case and control groups retrospectively.
Results : There was no statisticant difference between two groups in mean age, gender, the mechanism of trauma and body mass index (p >0.05 ), while statistically significant difference between them in smoking habitus, blood transfusion, first debridment time, diabet mellitus, femoral shaft fracture (p <0.05 ).
Conclusions: Accompanying femoral fracture is the sign of high energy trauma and it is logical that it is an important risk factor for infection. In our study the time of the first debridment stablished as a significant factor influencing the infection rate in tibial open fracture. In some studies smoking had been recognized as a significant factor influencing in tibial bone open fracture our study reveals the same.
Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Babak A, Shoaei P, Mohhammadzadeh M, Sadeghi R,
Volume 67, Issue 11 (4 2010)
Abstract
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Background: There
are millions of children around the world living on the street. They are at
higher risk of physical, sexual and drug abuse, and have no access to health
care facilities. Therefore they are at risk of viral infections such as HCV and HIV. The aim of
this study was determining the prevalence of HCV and HIV infection in
Isfahan street children (2005-2007).
Methods: The cross-sectional study was taken place on 386 street
children through a nonprobable-convenience sampling method. They were requested
to answer a questionnaire (demographic and behavioral data), and then they were
tested for anti HCV and anti HIV antibodies.
Results: Among 386 street children, 270
(70%) were boys and the mean age was 12.62±3.23 years.
The majority of them, 267 cases (69%), were on the street for financial reasons. 353 (91.7%), 366 (94.8%) and 375 (97.2%) of
them had no history of smoking, using alcohol or substance addiction,
respectively. 40 (34.5%) of girls and 12
(4.4%) of boys (p<0.0001) were
engaged in sex and 79 (68%) of girls and 46
(17%) of boys (p<0.0001) were
involved in physical fighting. All of the children had negative serology for HIV infection.
Nevertheless, four of them (1%) were positive for HCV
Ab.
Conclusion: The knowledge of street children about high risk
behaviors and the infectious diseases should be improved through educational
programs. They need also legal, social and health support.
Nasrin Moghadami Tabrizi , Khadijeh Adabi , Azra Azmoodeh , Sepideh Nekuei, Babak Dabirashrafi, Kamyar Dabirashrafi, Batool Ghorbani Yekta,
Volume 71, Issue 4 (July 2013)
Abstract
Background: Endometrioma of ovary is one of the common diseases during reproductive age and the effect of laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma on infertility is still matter of debate. We designed this case control study to evaluate the ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during IVF (In vitro fertilization) cycle following laparoscopic unilateral cystectomy of endometrioma.
Methods: In a case control study, we enrolled 30 women with history of unilateral laparoscopic cystectomy of ovarian endometrioma in stripping method who underwent IVF cycle in women Hospital, 2009-2012. The numbers of follicles in response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during IVF cycle in the ovary with history of unilateral laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma were compared with those from the contralateral ovary.
Results: The mean age (±SD) of patients was 32.3 (±3.4). The mean (±SD) diameter of excised ovarian endometrioma was 42.4 (±10.4) mm. Interval since ovarian surgery to induction ovulation was 2.7 (±2.6) years. Mean number of follicles in the ovary with history of unilateral laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma was 2.5 (±1.2) with the range of 1 to 5 and in the control ovary 3.9 (±1.4) with the range of 1 to 6. There was significant difference in the number of follicles in the ovary with laparascopic cystectomy of endometrioma compared with opposite one (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Laparoscopic cystectomy for unilateral endometrioma is associated with a reduced ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during IVF cycle. We did not find any statistically significant difference in reduced ovarian response with regard to patients age, body mass index, size and location of the cyst, and time duration since ovarian cystectomy.
Behzad Imani , Reza Safi-Ariyan , Babak Manaafi , Arezo Karampourian , Karim Ghazikhanlou Sani ,
Volume 72, Issue 4 (July 2014)
Abstract
Background: Platelet activation and aggregation plays an essential role in the for-mation of coronary artery thrombosis. Nowadays, the Clopidogrel is administered oral-ly as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Due to the high price of the original brand of Clopidogrel (Plavix), an Iranian brand of Clopidogrel (Osvix) has been produced. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness, side effects and acceptability of lo-cally available brand of Osvix as anti platelet tablet in coronary artery bypass grafting patients in comparison to the original brand (Plavix) by means of platelet aggregation indexes.
Methods: This clinical study, was conducted at Heart Center of Ekbatan university Hospital in Hamadan in October 2011 to May 2012. In this study 80 patients undergo-ing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were participated in two independent treatment groups. One group used the Iranian brand of Osvix and other one used the original brand (Plavix) as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. To evaluate the effective-ness of these two in-inhibiting platelets regimens, blood samples were taken from the patients and platelet aggregation test was performed using Helena Biosiences Europe, PACKS4 aggrigometry system (made in France).
Results: Mean platelet-rich plasma amount for the Osvix and Plavix treatment group was 236.260 and 153.290 plt/µl respectively. Results showed a statistically significant difference in the rate of platelet-rich plasma by two above mentioned treatment groups. There was no observed statistical difference in side effects of two studied treatment groups. It must be noted that the effectiveness of Plavix tablet regimen as a platelet aggregation inhibitor in patients undergoing CABG was higher than the Osvix tablet treatment regimen.
Conclusion: This study showed the Iranian brand of Clopidogrel (Osvix) is significantly different from the original brand (Plavix) in terms of performance factors in preventing platelet aggregation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Mohammad Javad Fatemi , Amir Asadollah Khajerahimi , Babak Nikoumaram , Maryam Sakhaei , Shabnam Mostafavi , Amir Atashi , Mirsepehr Pedram , Seyed Hamid Reza Aghayan, Shirin Araghi , Majid Soltani , Majid Mossahebi Mohammadi ,
Volume 72, Issue 6 (September 2014)
Abstract
Background: Stem cells are applied in the treatment of wide range of diseases and can be separated from different tissues of the body. These cells can treat diseases by cytokine and growth factor secretion and also cell differentiation. Burn wound is a challenging problem of reconstructive surgery and stem cells may help wound healing process. We designed this study to evaluate the beneficial effect of fat derived stem cells for coverage of 3rd degree burn wound.
Methods: This study was experimental and has been done in Burn Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences during January 2012 to April 2013. Thirty rats randomly divided to three equal groups. Inguinal fat of 10 rats (one group) were used for preparation of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Acellular amnion was used as a scaffold for stem cell transfer. Each of the thirty rats had been exposed to a cm deep 3rd degree burn on back area. 24 hours after surgery, the wound was excised and it had been covered by three methods: conventional dressing in the first group, acellular amnion in the second group and acellular amnion seeded with adipose-derived stem cell in the third group. The rate of wound healing and pathologic characteristics was compared in all three groups.
Results: Healing rate and decrease in wounds size was significantly better in acellular amnion seeded with adipose-derived stem cells compared with other two groups at 3rd and 15th days after surgery P<0.01.
Also in histopathology examination, fibroplasia and neovascularization of wounds were significantly better in stem cells group than the other two groups P<0.001.
Conclusion: Acellular amnion seeded with adipose-derived stem cell can result in faster wound healing and better histopathology characteristic. The amnion as a scaffold and the fat derived stem cells as healing accelerator are recommended for coverage of the 3rd degree burn wounds after excision and it may reduce the need for skin graft.
Darush Goran Savadkohi , Babak Siavashi , Mojgan Seifi , Tayeb Ramim ,
Volume 72, Issue 10 (January 2015)
Abstract
Background: Short-stem prosthesis for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been designed to overcome the weakness of standard-stem prostheses and improve surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare short-stem with standard-stem prosthesis outcomes.
Methods: This study was performed as a randomized clinical trial. Subjects were selected among patients referred to Sina University Hospital, Tehran, Iran from April 2010 to 2012. THA were performed with short-stem or standard-stem prostheses after obtaining written informed consent from patients. Balanced block randomization method was used to get a random sample in each group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on Harris Hip Score (HHS). Patients were followed up for at least one year. All patients were examined at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and one year after surgery. In each visit, Control X-ray was obtained and bone and prosthetic position were assessed. Also, the symptoms such as infection, pain, claudication, ability to climb stairs, using crutches and weight bearing were rechecked. Student t-test was used to compare outcomes in the two groups.
Results: A total of eighty four THA were studied. 13 patients were lost to follow-up or had infection and failure. One patient died with the prosthesis in situ from causes not related to the surgery. Therefore, a total of 70 patients were analyzed. Of these, 34 and 36 hips underwent small stem and standard stem THA, respectively. The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 61.1±8.68 years (range, 48-86 years). Most common reasons for arthroplasty were osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis and dysplasia of hip. There were significant differences between the two study groups in bleeding during surgery (P=0.001). There were no significant differences among the study groups in HHS except for 6th week and 3th month (P=0.000).
Conclusion: The use of short-stem prosthesis can improve the performance of patients in short-term but no significant difference with standard-stem prosthesis in long- term.
Najmeh Jouyan , Babak Saffari , Elham Davoudi-Dehaghani, Negar Saliani , Sara Senemar , Marzieh Bahari , Neda Jouyan , Mohammad Ali Ostovan ,
Volume 72, Issue 12 (March 2015)
Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms of the upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) have been associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), type 2 diabetes and coronary heart diseases (CHD). In the current investigation, the association of USF1s2 variant of human USF1 gene with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) was evaluated in a population from southern Iran. USF1s2 has the best potential as a functional variant .in the USF1 gene.
Methods: In a case-control study USF1s2 variant of human USF1 gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique using BsiHKA I restriction enzyme for 186 women under 55 years of age and 135 men less than 50 years of age who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography in Saadi, Nemazee and Kowsar Hospitals of Shiraz, between July 2009 and March 2012. Data on the history of familial myocardial infarction or other heart diseases, hypertension, and smoking habit were collected by a simple questionnaire. Blood sugar level and serum lipid profile of all participants were also obtained by measuring the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL).
Results: Frequencies of the major (G) and minor (A) alleles of usf1s2 gene variant were 0.74 and 0.26 in the whole population, respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence of the minor allele was significantly higher in PCAD patients compared with control subjects. This difference remained significant even after adjustment for confounding parameters. Indeed, subjects with mutant homozygous genotype (AA) were about 5 times more likely to suffer from early-onset CAD than those with wild-type homozygous genotype (GG). Moreover, the baseline characteristics of the control subjects and patients were statistically similar for almost all parameters except for the number of male individuals there was no significant difference among various genotypes in the patient group for any of these investigated variables.
Conclusion: It appears that the usf1s2 variant in upstream transcription factor 1 gene is an independent predictor of premature coronary artery disease in our population and applies its effects without affecting blood sugar and lipid levels.
Hossein Mashhadinezhad , Babak Ganjeifar ,
Volume 73, Issue 3 (June 2015)
Abstract
Background: Sciatic pain in association with lumbar disc herniation may require surgical intervention in the form of lumbar discectomy. Yet, the optimal time for this operation has not been specified in medical literature.
Methods: In a Cross-sectional study, 147 patients (100 men and 47 women) with radiological and clinical signs of L4-L5 or L5-S1 disc herniation were entered to our registry prior to March 2009. They were all examined, diagnosed and operated on (lumbar discectomy) in Ghaem General Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Patients were all subsequently followed for one year. The follow-up continued in a number of 126 cases, whose satisfaction was rated via phone interview for an extra year. The patients’ assessments were implemented employing three scaling systems, both before and following lumbar discectomy, to name the Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Prolo Functional Economic Outcome Rating Scale (PORS). The former two were used for pre-operative and post-operative assessments whereas the latter was applied during the first year of follow-up. The focus of the investigation during second year was on patients’ satisfaction.
Results: Mean age of our cases were 34±7.4 years. According to the duration of the sciatica, patients were divided into 4 groups. <3 months, 3 to <6 month, 6 to <12 months and >12 months. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between patients having undergone lumber discectomy with a history of sciatica for less and more than three month before the operation in terms of pre-and post-operative visual Analogue Scale (P= 0.022). However, there could be found no such disparity in other clinical scores (P= 0.63 for MODI, P= 0.85 for Prolo scale and P= 0.73 for satisfaction).
Conclusion: Patients with less than three months of sciatica may seem to enjoy a better clinical outcome after one year, there could be found no correlation between the duration of sciatica and the satisfaction after two years.
Fatemeh Homaee , Malihe Hasanzadeh Mofrad, Masoumeh Mirtaymoore , Monavar Afzal Aghaee, Babak Eslame ,
Volume 73, Issue 7 (October 2015)
Abstract
Background: Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST) account for rare ovarian malignancy. These tumors are 5-8% of all ovarian neoplasms. The most common type of sex cord ovarian tumors is granulosa cell tumor (GCT). In this study our purpose was to have a look at some of clinicopathologic aspects and treatment results of these tumors. Methods: In a retrospective study, all documents of patients with SCST was referred to tumor clinics of Ghaem and Omid Hospitals, from 1998 to 2008. The data of patients were collected and analyzed. Results: In 39 (5.9) of the 398 cases, ovarian malignancies was present in SCST. Eight Patients omitted from the study because there were not enough data for them. The commonest pathology was adult granulosa cell tumor in 25 patients (80.6%). Two patients (8.33%) had juvenile granulosa cell tumor, they were 25 and 38 years old. At time of diagnosis, 27 cases (87.1%) were in early stages (stage I). Mean age of patients was 41 years (range 16-76 years) at time of diagnosis of disease. Surgical staging of cancer was performed in 14 patients (46.7%). We did fertility sparing surgery in 12 patients (40%). Two patients were pregnant after surgery. 17 patients (54.80%) did not receive chemotherapy. Three patients (9.7%) received radiotherapy. Overall survival rates were 95% at both 2 years and 5 years. Longer survival had correlation with early stages of disease (P= 0.002). Age, conservative surgery and chemotherapy had no correlations with survival. Conclusion: The prognosis of SCST is almost good. Most of the patients were diagnosed in early stage of disease. In sex cord ovarian tumor, the only factor that have a full effect on survival, is stage of the disease. If the patients desire to preserve fertility, we can do fertility sparing surgery with minimal effect on survival.
Bahman Mansori , Abdol Hamid Pilevar , Babak Azadnia ,
Volume 73, Issue 7 (October 2015)
Abstract
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely applied for examination and diagnosis of brain tumors based on its advantages of high resolution in detecting the soft tissues and especially of its harmless radiation damages to human bodies. The goal of the processing of images is automatic segmentation of brain edema and tumors, in different dimensions of the magnetic resonance images. Methods: The proposed method is based on the unsupervised method which discovers the tumor region, if there is any, by analyzing the similarities between two hemispheres and computes the image size of the goal function based on Bhattacharyya coefficient which is used in the next stage to detect the tumor region or some part of it. In this stage, for reducing the color variation, the gray brain image is segmented, then it is turned to gray again. The self-organizing map (SOM) neural network is used the segmented brain image is colored and finally the tumor is detected by matching the detected region and the colored image. This method is proposed to analyze MRI images for discovering brain tumors, and done in Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, in 2014. Results: The results for 30 randomly selected images from data bank of MRI center in Hamedan was compared with manually segmentation of experts. The results showed that, our proposed method had the accuracy of more than 94% at Jaccard similarity index (JSI), 97% at Dice similarity score (DSS), and 98% and 99% at two measures of specificity and sensitivity. Conclusion: The experimental results showed that it was satisfactory and can be used in automatic separation of tumor from normal brain tissues and therefore it can be used in practical applications. The results showed that the use of SOM neural network to classify useful magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and demonstrated a good performance.
Rouhangiz Babakhanianzadeh, Nahid Masoudian , Amirnader Emami Razavi, Gholam Basati ,
Volume 73, Issue 7 (October 2015)
Abstract
Background: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles have shown to be heterogeneous structures with distinctive electrical charges. Alteration in the fatty acids content of the LDL particles is known to affect their structural features, electrical charges, and ultimately physiologic properties and, in this way, may play a role in the pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD). On the basis of evidences, in the present study, the relationship of fatty acids content of LDL particles and their electrical charge was assessed in patients with CAD in comparison with control subjects. Methods: In the current case- control study, from subjects who referred to the Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam during a time period from December 2013 to October 2014, 40 CAD patients and 40 control subjects were selected based on the clinical and angiographic parameters. The fatty acids content and electrical charges of LDL particles were measured by using a gas chromatography system, equipped with a flame ionization detector GC-FID, Acme 6000 M (Young Lin Co., Korea) as well as a Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK), respectively. Results: In the present study, CAD patients and control subjects were matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). The electrical charge amounts of LDL particles in the patients group was significantly lower than those in the control subjects (P= 0.0001). There was an inverse correlation between the electrical charge amounts of the LDL particles and the saturated fatty acids as well as linoleic acid contents of them in CAD patients group. However, we found a direct correlation between the unsaturated fatty acids (monounsaturated fatty acids and some of the polyunsaturated ones) content of the LDL particles and their electrical charge amounts (P= 0.02). Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that the increased saturated fatty acids as well as the linoleic acid contents of the LDL particles are associated with decreased electrical charge amounts of these particles and this situation may engage in pathogenesis of CAD.
Babak Shahbaz , Mehdi Norouzi , Hamideh Tabatabai ,
Volume 73, Issue 12 (March 2016)
Abstract
Viruses are important causes of acute and chronic diseases in humans. Newer viruses are still being discovered. Apart from frequently causing infections in the general community, many types of viruses are significant nosocomial pathogens that with emerging viruses has become a real issue in medical field. There are specific treatments, vaccine and physical barrier to fight some of these infections. Health care-associated viral infections are an important source of patient’s morbidity and mortality. The method of sterilization or disinfection depends on the intended use of the medical devices (comprising critical, semicritical and noncritical items) and failure to perform proper sterilization or disinfection of these items may leads to introduction of viruses, resulting in infection. Disinfection is an essential way in reducing or disruption of transmission of viruses by environmental surfaces, instruments and hands which achieves by chemical disinfectants and antiseptics, respectively. This review discusses about chemical agents with virocids properties (e.g. alcohols, chlorine compounds, formaldehyde, phenolic compounds, glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, iodophor, ammonium compounds quaternary, bigunides and so on.), mechanisms of action and their applications in health care-associated viral infection control. As well as, we described an overview for hierarchy of viruses in challenge with disinfantans, effective agents on viral inactivation, i.e.targect viruses, viral stability or survival duration time in enviromental surfaces and hands. We explained disinfection of surfaces, challenges in emerging viral pathogens inactivation, viral resistance to chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Because, there are laboratory studies and clinical evidences for some viruses which viral resistance to biocide or failure to perform proper disinfection can lead to infection outbreaks. Also, we described virucidal properties of antiseptics and introduced selected antiseptics with extensive virucidal action, because hands play an important role in the spread of many viral diseases, and regular proper hands hygiene is essential to decontaminate hands and can interrupt the spread of viruses. Here, we compared the currently available laboratory methods, standard methods from many countries and kinds of viruses in these methods for evaluation of virocide activity. Finally, it’s good to know: any disinfectant is not virocide unless it confirms by laboratory methods.
Roya Sattarzadeh-Badkoubeh , Babak Geraiely , Mohsen Nassiri-Toosi , Ali Jafarian, Kazem Heydari ,
Volume 74, Issue 11 (February 2017)
Abstract
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Background: We assessed different systolic cardiac indices to describe left and right ventricular dysfunction in cirrhotic patients before liver transplantation.
Methods: In this case-control study, eighty-one consecutive individuals with the confirmed hepatic cirrhosis and candidate for liver transplantation in the Imam Khomeini Hospital between March 2008 and March 2010 were selected. Thirty-two age and gender cross-matched healthy volunteers were also selected as the control group. A detailed two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography was obtained in all patients and controls performed by the same operator on the day of admission.
Results: Dimensions of both left and right atriums as well as left ventricular end-diastolic volume and basal right ventricular dimension in the cirrhotic group were significantly higher than control group. Left ventricular end-systolic dimensions as well as aortic annulus diameter were not different between the two study groups. Left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral, isovolumic pre-ejection time, isovolumic relaxation time, stroke volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, IVCT+IVRT+ET, systolic velocity of tricuspid annulus, systolic velocity of basal segment of RV free wall, systolic velocity of basal segment of septal wall, peak strain of septal margin (base), peak strain of septal margin (midpoint), peak strain of lateral margin (midpoint), strain rate of septal margin (base), strain rate of septal margin (midpoint), strain rate of lateral margin (base), strain rate of lateral margin (midpoint), Tei index (left and right ventricles), systolic time interval and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were higher in cirrhotic group, significantly, (P< 0.05). Left ventricular ejection time and systolic velocity of mid segment of lateral wall were lower in cirrhotic group, significantly, (P< 0.05).
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Conclusion: In this study, the effects of liver on heart were volume overload, hyperdynamic state and systolic dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. These effects were due to chamber enlargement and we cannot use the most of cardiac indices for evaluation systolic function in cirrhotic patients. So, we suggest that systolic time interval and Tei index are useful indices in evaluation of systolic function in cirrhotic patients.
Babak Mostafazadeh , Mohammad Hosien Kamaloddini , Fares Najari ,
Volume 75, Issue 6 (September 2017)
Abstract
Background: The death certificate is a document consisting of the deceased individual’s basic information and identification which is filled out, registered and signed by a doctor. the World health organization’s policies in their health planning, provide a suitable database with knowledge of the required elements for planners and other authorized information demanders. During a multi-year cooperation between various organizations, the first uniformed death certificate according the ICD-10 standard got published in the country in the year 2004.
Methods: This is a retrospective study which is about all of the deceased individuals in Tajrish and Modares Tehran hospitals from april 2013 until the march 2014 who had death certificates. In this study the data related to 777 individual’s death certificates and medical files was analyzed. The sampling method was census and all the cases in the study’s time period who had death certificates were studied. The cases that had a gap in their required information were ruled out of the study. The data that included age, sex, place of death, issuing doctor’s expertise, general information and the cause of death was extracted from the archived files.
Results: The cases studied, 421 people died in Tajrish Hospital and 356 in Modarres Hospital. The highest number of deaths in both hospitals were in the internal wards (336 cases) and surgery (168 people). 45.6% of death certificates have been issued by a forensic expert. 64.8% cases correctly inserted ICD-10 code.
Conclusion: Training of physicians for the importance of death certificate and how it should be completed is very important. This research showed that in the cases which the death certificates were completed by the hospital forensic medicine specialists were more useful and accurate. |
Niloofar Agharezaee , Rezvan Marzbani , Hassan Rezadoost , Saeideh Zamani Koukhaloo, Babak Arjmand , Kambiz Gilany ,
Volume 75, Issue 12 (March 2018)
Abstract
Infertility influences an estimated 20% of couples worldwide. The factors that can affect the fertility potential are equally distributed between men and women. Despite extensive research in male infertility, the etiology in majority of infertile men is unknown. In 2010, there was an opinion published in Nature asking a selection of leading researchers and policy-makers about what their future focuses will be in 2020. Metabolomics was mentioned as the leading omics technology by them. The word metabolomics has been defined almost 20 years ago. However, the clinical metabolomics history goes back to more than 1,000 years ago. The great Persian physician and philosopher Avicenna observed an individual urine changes during illness. Today, the color or smell changes are known to be caused by metabolites deregulation indicating metabolic diseases. Metabolomics approach is a systematic analysis of the unique pattern followed by a specific biochemical pathway that uses a biological material, e.g. spermatozoa or human seminal plasma. For the diagnosis of infertile men, the typical parameters of semen analysis are: sperm motility, sperm morphology, concentration and count. Human seminal plasma is a valuable biological source which was not used in the diagnosis of infertile men, unfortunately. To the best of our knowledge, there is no parameter for analysis of the human seminal plasma. Thus, the need for a novel parameter to diagnose infertile men is urgently needed. We recommend the use of seminal plasma in order to diagnose infertile men according to our previous research. Only a handful studies have used metabolomics approaches in the male infertility. In this study, we summarize the current research and our contribution to the field of male infertility and metabolomics. One of our main contributions has been to use metabolic profiling of seminal plasma from non-obstructive azoospermia to find 36 potentials biomarkers for detection of spermatogenesis. A search in the PubMed using keywords “metabolomics” and “infertility” shows only 59 publications. This demonstrates how newborn the metabolomics in its application for male infertility is. In this review article we have tried to have a comprehensive and specific approach to male infertility from a metabolomics perspective and related techniques.
Ehsan Mohammadi , Saeed Kermani , Babak Amra ,
Volume 76, Issue 5 (August 2018)
Abstract
Background: Accurate detection of deep sleep (Due to the low frequency of the brain signal in this part of sleep, it is also called slow-wave sleep) from awakening increases the sleep staging accuracy as an important factor in medicine. Depending on the time and cost of manually determining the depth of sleep, we can automatically determine the depth of sleep by electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing. In this paper a new EEG bispectrum based feature is introduced for deep sleep discrimination.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, from February to October 2017. In this study a gray scale image was made of electroencephalogram bispectrum amounts and converted to binary image with Otsu’s Thresholding. Then the ratio of white bits in the above of the secondary diagonal to white bits in the down of secondary diagonal (low to high frequencies bispectrum rate) is extracted as a new feature. This feature is an effective method for detecting deep sleep from awakening.
Results: One of the important methods in biomedical signal processing is the use of the power spectrum or signal energy. In sleep studies, energy-related features have also been used to determine the depth of sleep. Low to high frequencies bispectrum rate is able to separate deep sleep from awakening by accuracy of 99.50 percent, while energy-based features as one of the most important approaches to sleep classification do not have this ability.
Conclusion: In this study we show that “Low to high frequencies bispectrum rate" feature has this capability to use in sleep staging. It is not used in previous works. The accuracy obtained in deep sleep separation from the awakening with the introduced feature (99.50 percent) is greater than the accuracy obtained by all the energy-based features (The simultaneous use of the 6 bands energy leads to 99.42 percent accuracy). This feature indicates the ratio of the phase coupling at low frequencies to high frequencies and can be used in all cases where the bispectrum is used (such as determining the depth of anesthesia).
