Showing 9 results for Bakhtiarian
Mohaghegh A, Bakhtiarian A, Mohebitabar S, Forghani Z, Imami-Khansari, Ghazi-Khansari M, Hossieni M, Sabzeh -Khah S, Siadatian S, Kalantari N,
Volume 66, Issue 2 (1 2008)
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a very common and important disease. There are conflicting reports about mercury, a trace element, in the genesis of hypertension.
Methods: In this study we examined the relationship between blood mercury levels and hypertension prevalence in a population-based sample of hypertensive and normotensive patients at the Shariati Hospital and the Tehran Heart Center in Tehran, Iran. A cross sectional sampling of 224 patients, aged 40-80 years, who participated in physical examinations conducted in 2006 were included in this study. The population that participated in this study were sample of hypertensive (n=112) which had essential hypertension and normotensive (n=112) patients which had no history of essential hypertension at the Shariati Hospital and the Tehran Heart Center in Tehran. The consent of all the patients were taken in the written form before the experiments. After selecting the patients the range of blood mercury levels were measured with Flame atomic absorption.
Results: The range of blood mercury levels was 0 to 39.55 µg/dL. The mean blood mercury level of hypertensive patients (10.75 +1.23 µg/dL) was higher than that of normotensive patients (1.6 +1.02 µg/dL). There was a significant difference in the mean blood mercury level of normotensive men (1.74 +1.56 µg/dL) versus that of hypertensive men (11.9 +1.38 µg/dL). The mean blood mercury level of normotensive women (1.5 µg/dL) was also significantly different from that of hypertensive women (9.65 +0.53 µg/dL) (p<0.001).
Conclusions: In this population, there is a positive relationship between the concentration of blood mercury levels and the presence of hypertension.
Bakhtiarian A, Behzadmehr R, Pousti A, Hosseini Mj, Najar F, Sabzeh-Khah S,
Volume 67, Issue 1 (4 2009)
Abstract
Background: Adenosine receptors play an important role in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in cardiovascular system. This effect is through interaction with A1 type of G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors. The effect of N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), an A1-selective adenosine agonist, was studied on ouabain-induced toxicity in spontaneously beating isolated guinea pig atria.
Methods: In the beginning the isolated guinea pig atria were mounted on the organ bath containing modified krebs and contractile responses in the four groups (shame, CPA, ouabain, CPA- ouabain) were measured.
Results: CPA (2-16nM) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the force of contractions (34%-51%) and in the rate of contractions (22%-48%). CPA significantly increased the time of onset of arrhythmia (toxicity) induced by ouabain (1.2µM) when it was administered 10 min before ouabain was added in organ bath. Ouabain (1.2µM) alone produced arrhythmia at 7 min and either asystole or standstill at 22 min. CPA (8nM) increased the time required to produce arrhythmia to 27.5 min and prolonged beating atria to more than 63 min and prevented the occurrence of asystole.
Conclusion: CPA produces direct cardiac action, probably due the inhibition of cardiac Ca2+ channel and membrane hyperpolarization of atrium cells in guinea pig atria. Moreover, our results suggest that CPA may reduce the membrane conduction through inhibition of ionic channels, which decrease ouabain- induced toxicity.
Sabzehkhah S, Vaezi Gh H, Bakhtiarian A, Salarian A, Zare Haghighi M,
Volume 67, Issue 8 (6 2009)
Abstract
Background: Dopaminergic is the most important
neurotransmitter is fear. The dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway has essential
role in excitable behavior, and it's role in Parkinson disease. The aim of this
research in study, the effect of dopaminergic pathway in fear response.
Methods: The elevated plus maze was used in
combination with the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the maze (OAT%) and the percentage of entries into the
open arms (OAE%) to measure fear. Increases in the OAT% and OAE% indicate an anxiolytic effect
(reduction in anxiety), whereas decreases in the OAE% and OAT% indicate an anxiogenic effect. After
five days, the rats were injected with saline and different doses of sulpiride
and Bromocriptine.
Results: Results showed that intracerebroventricular
administration of sulpiride, in the doses of 5, 20μg/rat and bromocriptine, D2 agonist in doses 65, 95μg/rat produced
a significant effect comparing to sham groups (p<0.05). While intracerebroventricular
administration of sulpiride 15, 10μg/rat,
and bromocriptine 70,
80μg/rat,
did not show any significant effect comparing with sham group (p<0.05). In the current research
intracerebroventricular administration of sulpiride, D2 antagonist at the doses of 5, 10, 15, 20μg/rat and Bromocriptine, D2 agonist in the doses of 65, 70, 80, 95μg/rat were used and theire effect on
the fear behavior were studied.
Conclusions: The possible effect of Dopaminergic
system in the fear process, especially D2 receptor increase fear.
Takzare N, Bakhtiarian A, Saeedi E, Nekoui V,
Volume 68, Issue 10 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Alprazolam belongs to benzodiazepine family and is increasingly used these days
by pregnant women. It should be noticed that alprazolam exposure during
pregnancy may have teratogenic effects on the fetus. Till now, limited studies
have been conducted on the teratogenic effect of alprazolam. In this study,
teratogenicity of alprazolam intake during pregnancy and its effects on fetus
development was investigated.
Methods: About 20 virgin rats of known age and weight were
selected. After being pregnant, they were divided into four groups which
contained five animals in each group: Negative and positive control groups. The
case group exposed to 1 to 6
mg/kg/day alprazolam. The fetuses were first studied macroscopically regarding
anomalies, and then histologically and histochemically to inspect the defects
of tissue organogenesis.
Results: Our results show that there was significant difference especially at the dose 6
mg/kg weight and length of the cases compared to the control group.
It appeared that at the dose of 6 mg/kg/day, cleft lip
and palates were seen in the animals. The highest anomalies of limbs were also
seen at the dose of 6 mg/kg/day. The statistical results indicate that
alprazolam intake during the second half of pregnancy can lead to irreversible
anomalies.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that alprazolam in doses higher than 4
mg/kg/day might cause teratogenic effect. It seems that benzodiazepine therapy
among pregnant woman would be better to avoid during the first trimester and
multidrug regimens.
Takzare N, Nikoui V, Ostadhadi S, Nabavi Sma, Bakhtiarian A,
Volume 70, Issue 6 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorders and depression have a high prevalence during pregnancy therefore, pregnant women may take clomipramine and also take other drugs or consume foods that contain caffeine. As investigations about the teratogenic effects of clomipramine and its concurrent administration with caffeine during organogenesis period are scarce, we aimed to study the teratogenicity of simultaneous administration of clomipramine and caffeine in rat fetus.
Methods: After dividing 42 pregnant rats to several case and control groups, we injected different doses of caffeine and clomipramine to the animals. All the injections were performed on the eighth until the 15th day of pregnancy. We removed the fetuses on the 17th day of pregnancy and studied the morphological features and apparent anomalies of the fetuses macroscopically.
Results: We found a significant rate of mortality, apparent anomalies, abnormal torsion, shrinkage of skin and subcutaneous bleeding in fetuses of rats receiving high doses of caffeine or a combination of caffeine and clomipramine. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant increase (P?0.001) in teratogenicity of high doses of caffeine and its combination with clomipramine.
Conclusion: This study implies simultaneous intake of high amounts of caffeine and clomipramine lead to teratogenicity. We recommend pregnant women to avoid uncontrolled consumption of foods that contain caffeine or drugs that contain high amounts of this substance. They should not also take clomipramine with caffeine in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Aalami S, Nikoui V, Irani M, Bakhtiarian A,
Volume 70, Issue 7 (6 2012)
Abstract
Background: There are conflicting reports about zinc, a trace element, in the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of zinc in high blood pressure.
Methods: We conducted this study on 80 patients with primary (idiopathic) hypertension and 80 normotensive people with similar age who attended to Tehran Heart Center between 2007 and 2008. We examined the effect of zinc concentration on blood pressure in both sexes in four age groups (41-50, 51-60, 61-70 and 71-80 years old). We measured plasma zinc concentration by atomic absorption.
Results: The mean plasma zinc concentrations were 0.456±0.04 µg/ml and 0.551±0.055 µg/ml in patients with hypertension and in normotensive people, respectively, (P≤0.05). Nevertheless, the mean plasma zinc concentrations were 0.494 µg/ml and 0.486 µg/ml in men with and without hypertension, respectively. The mean plasma zinc concentrations of women with and without hypertension, respectively were 0.415 µg/ml and 0.596 µg/ml, showing a significant difference between two groups (P≤0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in plasma zinc concentration between hypertensive and normotensive people in 51 to 60 years age group (P≤0.05), but difference were not significant between other age groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed the relationship between the decrease in plasma zinc concentration and increase in blood pressure in women and in the men aged 51 to 60 years.
Nikoui V, Pazoki Toroudi H, Ostadhadi S, Rahmani A, Bakhtiarian A,
Volume 70, Issue 8 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: It is generally accepted that the selective adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel openers (KATP openers) have a dramatic role in the treatment of some cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diazoxide, a potent ATP-related potassium channel opener, on spontaneously beating isolated rat atria to achieve more accurate approaches to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial related disorders including atrial arrhythmias.
Methods: After induction of anesthesia, we exsected the heart and isolated the atria of 48 male Wistar rats. Later, we recorded the beating and contractile force of the atria by a physiograph. Subsequently, we studied the effects of diazoxide (2 to 100 µg/mL) on beating and contractile force of the isolated atria 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after applying the drug onto the atria.
Results: Diazoxide administration (2 to 100 µg/mL) showed a significant decrease (7% to 49% depending on concentration) in atrial beatings (P≤0.001) and in contractile force (1.5% to 67% depending on concentration), (P≤0.001). The effects began several minutes after applying the drug onto the tissues.
Conclusion: This study revealed that diazoxide has a direct concentration-dependent effect on cardiac performance and leads to reduction in beating rates and contractile force of the heart. This effect seems to be related to the activation of mitochondrial or sarcolemmal KATP channels. Since the inhibitory action of diazoxide on the heart was very remarkable and prompt, this agent may also exhibit antiarrhythmic properties.
Ostadhadi S, Bakhtiarian A, Azizi Y, Nikoui V,
Volume 71, Issue 1 (4 2013)
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, nanomaterials are used in daily life extensively. One of the most common of these materials is nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) which is used to purify the air and also sunscreens, shampoos and other hygienic products. Although nano-particles are useful, can also have potential hazards. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of TiO2 on lung tissue in rabbits.
Methods: We divided 18 male rabbits into three groups randomly. The first group recei-ved 50 µl of TiO2 with dose of 50 mg/kg by intratracheal instillation. The second group received 50 µl of TiO2 with dose of 100 mg/kg and the third group received 50 µl of nor-mal saline by the same route. Chest X-rays were taken from all rabbits before injection and on days of 10, 17 and 24 after injection. Twenty four days after injection, rabbits anesthetized and histopathological assays, blood samples and biochemical factors were evaluated.
Results: Radiographic assays showed a progressive pulmonary fibrosis in rabbits recei-ved TiO2 rather than the control group and this lesion developed to maximum at 24th day of the experiment. We also showed pulmonary emphysema and inflammation in histo-pathologycal study of groups treated with TiO2. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the amount of liver enzymes, white blood cells and hematocrit in TiO2 treat-ed groups compared to control group (P≤0.05). There were no significant differences between plasma levels of creatinine in different groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Results showed that nanotitanium dioxide particles can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation and also increasing liver enzymes and inflammatory cells.
Azam Bakhtiarian , Sattar Ostadhadi, Masoumeh Jorjani , Sepideh Hashempour , Shahrbanoo Oryan , Vahid Nikoui ,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (March 2014)
Abstract
Background: Calcium channel blockers have an important role in treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias, so study of cardiovascular effects of derivatives of these drugs are useful. Nifedipine is one of these drugs that used widely to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the central effects of synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives on systolic blood pressure and heart rate of rats and comparison to nifedipine.
Methods: Sixty four male rats, after induction of anesthesia and intracerebral ventricu-lar cannulation using stereotaxis method, were divided into eight equal groups. One week after the stereotaxis surgery, the systolic blood pressure and heart rate were eval-uated in times 15 to 60 minutes after intracerebral ventricular injection of DMSO (di-methylsulfoxide) and nifedipine in doses of 80 to 320 microgram/rat and also three synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives (A, B and C) in dose of 240 microgram/rat. Effects of these drugs on systolic blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed using two way repeated measure ANOVA statistical test, followed by Bonferroni posthoc test. All data were considered significant at P<0.05.
Results: The inhibitory effects of derivative B on systolic blood pressure and heart rate in dose of 240 microgram/rat in times of 15 and 30 minutes after injection were more potent than nifedipine (P<0.001), while A and C derivatives showed weaker inhibitory properties, compared with nifedipine. Also the inhibitory effects of derivative B on heart rate in dose of 240 microgram/rat were stronger than nifedipine in times of 15 to 60 minutes after injection (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Novel dihydropyridine derivatives can possess more potent and stable in-hibitory effects on systolic blood pressure and heart rate, and some part of these properties at least, can be attributed to their direct inhibitory effects on brain neurons.
