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Pet ownership and risk of asthma: a case-controlled study
L Sharifi, Z Pourpak, S Bokaie, A Karimi, M Gharegozloo, M Movahhedi, M Moin,
Volume 66, Issue 5 (5 2008)
Abstract

Background: In the treatment of bronchial asthma, the identification, isolation, and elimination of causative allergens is the most effective part of treatment. With the recent diversification within the pet industry, pet owner exposure to many unknown antigens is on the rise. The results of population studies have been contradictory and some epidemiological studies have failed to confirm this, some indicating that keeping pets might actually reduce the risk of sensitization and asthma. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between pet ownership and asthma.

Methods: This case-control study included 300 asthmatic participants referred to the Children's Medical Center over a two-year period. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding pet ownership, pet gender and puberty, the place it was kept, how long the pet was kept and the reason for keeping the pet. The same questions were asked from 300 age- and gender-matched nonasthmatic individuals as the control group. Statistical analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) of asthma morbidity in individuals who kept pets.

Results: The OR for asthma morbidity in patients who kept pets was 2.59 (CI=1.60-4.21 and p>0.001). Financial aim was the most common reason for keeping a pet and most pets were mature and kept outdoors. No significant correlations for pet genders were observed.

Conclusion: This survey provides evidence that pet ownership is an important risk factor for asthma, therefore we suggest that individuals at risk for asthma (atopic individuals) must avoid contact with pets. However, more research in this field in Iran is necessary.


Childhood asthma prevalence and parents’ daily cigarette smoking: a case - control study
Sharifi L, Pourpak Z, Bokaie S, Karimi A, Movahedi M, Gharaghozlou M, Moin M,
Volume 67, Issue 9 (6 2009)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Asthma prevalence has increased in developed and developing countries in several last decades. Although cigarette smoking is an identified risk factor for many diseases such as coronary Heart disease and chronic obstructive lung disease, its effect on asthma is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the odds ratio and its confidence interval for asthma morbidity among children referred to the Immunology and Allergy department of children medical center according to their parents' smoking and daily cigarette consumption.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted during two years period on the asthmatic patients who referred to Immunology and Allergy department of children medical center. Demographic information and parents' smoking and daily cigarette consumption assessed by a questionnaire. Healthy children with same age and sex were entered to the study as the control group. Statistical analysis was performed to calculate odds ratio.
Results: Among 215 patients who entered the study 63 patients were exposed the cigarette smoke. Odds ratio for asthma morbidity among children whose parents smoke more than five cigarettes per day in comparison with whose smoke less than five or do not smoke was 2.38 (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Parent's cigarette smoking is a risk factor for childhood asthma and could increase the risk of asthma to 2.38 folds in children whose parents smoke more than five cigarettes. Increasing in parents' knowledge level that probably relate to their education results in cigarette consumption decline.


Validity of self-reported hypertension in Mashhad population: brief report
Hamid Reza Bahrami Taghanaki , Ehsan Mosa Farkhani , Saeed Bokaie , Seyed Javad Hoseini , Pegah Bahrami Taghanaki , Sima Barid Kazemi ,
Volume 77, Issue 4 (July 2019)
Abstract
Background: Researchers and health specialists are increasingly obtaining information on chronic illnesses from self-reports. This study validates self-reports of hypertension, based on a recently fielded survey in Mashhad City, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used the results of 2015 census in Mashhad City, a population based survey of people over the age of 30 (n=300745) to determine the proportion of self-reported hypertension. In this study, the data of the studied population was extracted from the databank of Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR®) and patients with ICD10 codes including I10 and I11 approved by doctors as a reference. Finally using SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc (https://www.medcalc.org/calc/odds_ratio.php), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value were calculated with 95% confidence interval.
Results: Sensitivity of self-reported hypertension was 23.92% (CI95%: 23.43-24.41), specificity 97.03% (CI95%: 96.97-97.09), Positive Linkelihood Ratio 8.06% (CI95%: 7.82-8.30), Negative Linkelihood Ratio 0.78% (CI95%: 0.78-0.79), Positive Predictive Value 46.34% (CI95%: 45.60-47.08), Negative Predictive Value 92.25% (CI95%: 92.20-92.29). The self-reported sensitivity to hypertension in males, Iranian individuals, single, aged 60 and over, body mass index lower 18.5 individual with university education was higher, which was 24.67%, 31.09%, 30.07%, 32.43% and 26.03% respectively.
Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of self-reported hypertension was poor in this study, but specificity and positive and negative predictive values were fairly good.

Foodborne related mortality in Iran from 2011 to 2018: brief report
Saied Bokaie , Hessameddin Akbarein , Behnaz Beygi , Ehsan Mosa Farkhani ,
Volume 78, Issue 1 (April 2020)
Abstract
Background: Today, due to changes in human lifestyle and consumer demand incidence of foodborne diseases is on the rise. The aim of this study was to investigate the mortality rate of foodborne diseases and their related factors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on deaths registered according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10th revision) were extracted from death registration and classification of causes system in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran from 2011 to 2018. Data on deaths from food and water borne diseases including Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum, and other foodborne diseases were extracted from database of death registration and classification of causes system. The demographic variables of dead people considered in this study include age (under 5 years, 5-20 years, 20-40, 40-60s and over 60 old), gender, nationality, and the location where people died (urban, rural and unknown).
Results: The majority of deaths cases occurred at the age of 60 years and in older age groups (P<0.001). The results show that across all the age groups mortality rate from foodborne diseases was higher among men than among women (P=0.110). Most of foodborne diseases were reported by people living in urban areas (P<0.0001). The results of this study showed that most of the deaths from these diseases occur in the warm seasons. In this study, the crude death rate was 10 cases per one million inhabitants.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the mortality rate due to different bacterial agents. This study suggests that demographic variables are important predictors of mortality from foodborne illness and should be further investigated.

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