Showing 33 results for Dehghan
M Ghafarpour , Gh Nejad Dehghan , M Harirchian ,
Volume 54, Issue 2 (30 1996)
Abstract
Proximal weakness specially in extremitas is a common neurologic symptom of patients, for which the physician should consider toxic, metabolic, infectious and paraneoblastic diseases affecting muscular system as well as primary myopathies. Osteomalacia is one of the most common considerations which is treatable but disabling as its natural course. Osteomalacia is the most often due to VITD or calcium deficiency but work up is necessary to find other primary defects that cause this disease. Renal tubular acidosis is one of these primary defects and osteomalacia secondary to it dose not respond to classic treatment of osteomalacia, so specific management is necessary. In this article we report six patients who have been referred to the clinic of neurology of Imam Khomeini Hospital since 1370 to 1374 with proximal weakness for whom RTA has been diagnosed
Rafiei M, Sadre Bafeghi S M, Afkhami Ardakani M, Namaiandeh S M, Orafa A M, Ahmadieh M H, Dehghan Hr, Rafie R, Rahmanian M,
Volume 62, Issue 3 (11 2004)
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the ability of Ankle/Brachial Index (ABI), that is a sensitive and specific test for detection of PAD, to foretell the possibility of ischemic heart diseases in diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: All of diabetic patients who visited in our diabetes research center between May 2000 and May 2001 and were confirmed diabetics since 2 or more years ago were enrolled in the study. The ABI was calculated for all of the patients and their demographic specifications and ischemic heart disease risk factors were recorded. All of the patients refer to perform an exercise test, but 279 patients were conferred to performing stress test. They were containing: 127 patients with ABI =<1.1(group I) and 47 patients with ABI>=1.4(group III) as case groups and, 105 patients with 1.1 60 years (P = 0.02). 238 patients were in group I (25.1 %), 625 patients in group II (65.9 %) and 85 patients in group III (9 %). 52.8% of 125 patients in Group I, 19.6% of 107 patients in group II, and 44.7% of 47 patients in Group III had positive exercise test. I, II (P 0.00)- II , III (P = 0.05) A total of 108 patients from among the 279 patients had positive exercise test (38%), and most of them were from groups I &III. 72.2% of group I , and 52.5% of group II had high blood pressure (P 0.00). Both hypertensive and normotensive patients with ABI =<1.1 & >=1.4 had positive exercise test significantly more than patients with 1.1=1.4 is an independent predictor of coronary artery diseases in diabetic patients especially in those who are hypertensive.
Forouzan-Nia S.k, Abdollahi M.h , Motafakker M , Dehghan Hr , Rajabiun H ,
Volume 64, Issue 7 (9 2006)
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia following CABG. This complication can cause palpitation, significant hemodynamic instability and thromboembolic events. This prospective randomized study evaluate prophylactic effects of propranolol low dose amiodarone and high dose amiodarone in patients candidate for CABG.
Methods: Three hundred consecutive patients undergoing elective CABG were randomly categorized into three groups (each group contains 100 patients). Patients in group1 (control group) received 10mg/TDS propranolol per oral (P.o), preoperatively. Patients in group 2 received 10mg propranolol TDS, P.o plus 350mg/24h amiodarone. Patients in group 3 received 10mg propranolol TDS P.o plus 1000mg/24h amiodarone 24 hours before operation.
Results: Atrial fibrillation occurred in 12 patients (12%) in group 1, four patients (4%) in group 2 and 10 patients (10%) (P=0.035) in group 3. AF occurred in 10.36% of men and 3.84% of women. There was no AF in off- pump groups and 9.73% in on-pump groups
Conclusion: This study suggested the combination of propranolol plus low dose amiodarone for post CABG atrial fibrillation prophylaxy.
Talaei T, Monsefi M, Vojdani Z, Dehghani F, Arab M R,
Volume 65, Issue 6 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Some pregnant women are exposed to occupational noise, a risk factor for the development of the auditory system. The auditory system is one of the areas in embryonic development in which noise might induce aberrant development. Noise can change the gene expression pattern of an embryo and thereby modify the physiology of the auditory system. Therefore, noise can change the molecular structure of the developing ear. One of the critical molecules involved in development of auditory system is glycoconjugate. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular changes of the developing spiral ganglion after exposure to industrial levels of noise.
Methods: A total of 42 pregnant mice were divided into control and experimental groups. Each group was further divided into three subgroups. The three experimental subgroups were exposed to daily noise with an intensity of 100 db for 2.5 hours until sacrifice (for the first group to be sacrificed) or day seven of postnatal life (for the other two groups). The mice offspring were sacrificed at the first, seventh and 14th days of postnatal life. The inner ears were prepared histologically. The specimens were stained with the lectins wheat germ antigen (WGA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and BSAI-B4.
Results: The results indicated that, although there were no histological changes at the light-microscopic level in the ear development, statistical analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in the uptake of the BSA1-B4 lectin by neurons of spiral ganglion in 14th day of postnatal life in the experimental group compared to that of the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: After noise exposure, in spite of normal neuronal structure, these cells were modified at the molecular level, especially in glycoconjugate expression, influencing the normal physiology of neurons and causing auditory disorders.
Owlia M.b, Hekmati-Moghadam S.h, Dehghani Z, Fallah F, Salimzadeh A.,
Volume 65, Issue 11 (1 2008)
Abstract
Background: Major clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in the central nervous system are generally arterial thrombotic events and a number of non-thrombotic neurologic syndromes. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) are one of the important risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). The aim of present study was to assess the relationship between APA titers and CVA in this clinically important age group.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out on patients under 50 years old who had CVA (stroke or transient ischemic attack) in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd (central Iran) from Dec 2003 until March 2005. In this study, 61 patients with CVA were compared with 68 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Lupus anticoagulant assay results and APA titers were assessed in both groups.
Results: The mean value of IgM APA titers in patients with cerebrovascular accidents was 6.492 MPL (IgM antiphospholipid units) and 1.846 MPL in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p-value: 0.000). In 12 (20%) of the patients with cerebrovascular accidents, IgM titers were higher than 10 MPL, one of whom had an IgM titer higher than 40 MPL. The mean value of IgG titers in the case group was 5.50 GPL (IgG antiphospholipid units) and 3.51 GPL in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p-value: 0.012). Thirteen (21%) patients with cerebrovascular accidents had IgG titers higher than 10 GPL. The difference between the LA assay results was not significant between the two groups (p-value: 0.311).
Conclusion: The present study showed a positive relationship between APL (IgM and IgG) titers and CVA in patients under 50 years old.
Sadeghipour H, Ghasemi M, Dehghani M, Nobakht M, Dehpour Ar,
Volume 66, Issue 6 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Relaxation of the corpus cavernosum plays an important role in penile erection. Previous studies have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) appears to be the most important relaxant involved in the erection process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cholestasis in nNOS and eNOS activity of corpus cavernosum.
Methods: forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into seven groups: control, sham operated, 2-, 7-, and 14-day bile duct-ligated animals, 7-day bile duct-ligated chronically treated with L-NAME (3mg/kg/day, i.p.) and 7-day bile duct-ligated animals chronically treated with Naltrexone (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.). The animals in each group were killed and the cavernosal tissues analyzed histologically by light and transmission electron microscopy, with NOS activity detected on NANC nerves and endothelium using an NADPH-diaphorase staining technique.
Results: our results showed that NADPH diaphorase staining in corporal NANC nerves and endothelium of sham-operated and control group had equal intensity. The staining was more intense in 2-day cholestatic rats than in control group, the staining intensity increased in 7-, and 14-day groups too. There were no significant differences between control group and 7-day cholestatic rats that had been treated chronically with L-NAME or Naltrexone.
Conclusions: These results state that in corpus cavernosum of cholestatic rats there is a time-dependent increase in NOS activity of the corporal NANC nerves and endothelium. inhibition of nitric oxide and endogenous opioids by L-NAME or Naltrexone during cholestasis may play a key role in preventing the adverse effects of cholestasis.
Dehghan Fm, Ghanbari Z, Frootan M, Kuhpayeh Zadeh J, Moshtaghi Z,
Volume 66, Issue 10 (4 2009)
Abstract
Background: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP), a common health problem in women, characterized by lower abdominal pain that has lasted at least for six months. Although, it's annual prevalence estimated 3.8 to 49%, there is no data in Iranian society. This study was aimed at gathering comprehensive and reliable data regarding the prevalence of CPP in female employees at two university hospitals in Tehran in 2006-2007.
Methods: A cross-Sectional study was conducted to determine the CPP prevalence on 303 volunteer females aged 19-63(34.7±9.2) years, working in two university hospitals, Tehran. A designed questionnaire with four parts containing questions regarding demographic information, gynecological, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms was used. The ethical committee of the Shaheed Beheshti Medical University approved the study.
Results: The prevalence of present pelvic pain unrelated to menstrual cycle was 22.3% and totally 10.2% subjects suffered from CPP during the last 6-12 months. Our data showed a significant difference in prevalence of CPP between women with and without vaginal delivery (37% VS. 24 P=0.036%). There was a significant relationship between incomplete and hard defecation and occurrence of CPP (p<0.001). The prevalence of LBP & PPD in women with CPP was higher than women with no CPP (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Regarding to the prevalence of CPP and its relationship with gynecological, urinary, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal factors, we emphasize on a multidisciplinary approach for management of CPP, also recommend performing further community-based epidemiological studies.
Forouzan Nia Skh, Hadadzadeh M, Mirhosseini Sj, Hosseini H, Abdollahi Mh, Forat Yazdi M, Rasti M, Dehghanizadeh H, Ghoreishian Sm,
Volume 68, Issue 9 (6 2010)
Abstract
Background: One of the most important components of coronary
artery bypass graft surgery is need for blood transfusion that increases
morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors
affecting the need for blood transfusion during off pump coronary artery bypass
(OPCAB)
surgery.
Methods: In
this descriptive case control study 923
patients who had undergone OPCAB at Afshar Hospital in Yazd,
Iran, from July 2008 to January 2010
were evaluated. The data was gathered from their records and was analyzed.
Results: 54% of
male and 79% of female patient need
blood transfusion. Mean age in patients needed transfusion was 61.58±11.11
years and in other group was 60.27±10.98
years of the patients that needed transfusion (p= 0.08). 563
(61%) of the patients needed transfusion with the
average of two units. The need for blood transfusion was higher in female
gender (p< 0.0001),
low hematocrit (p< 0.0001),
diabetes (p< 0.001),
hypertension (p< 0.025)
and multiple grafts (p< 0.027).
There were no significant differences in preoperative hemostasis tests,
affection to hyperlipidemia, CVA or
renal failure, antiplatelet drug administration and the application of left internal
mammary artery between the transfusion and non transfusion groups.
Conclusion: In this study preoperative
hematocrit was most important risk factor in transfusion in patients that
underwent OPCAB. Female gender, preoperative
low hematocrit, multiple grafts, diabetes and hypertension increased the rate
of blood transfusion. According to the high prevalence of blood transfusion in OPCAB, considering factors that
affect the transfusion rate is essential.
Forouzan Nia Skh, Mirhosseini Sj, Moshtaghion Sh, Abdollahi Mh, Hosseini H, Dehghanizadeh H, Bani Fateme Sa, Hosseini Sm,
Volume 68, Issue 12 (6 2011)
Abstract
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Background: Proper drainage of the mediastinal and pleural spaces following Off-Pump Coronary
Artery Bypass (OPCAB) surgery is essential
for the prevention of pleural and pericardial effusions, cardiac tamponade and
late complications such as constrictive pericarditis. Drainage tubes themselves
may induce some complications which can negatively affect the result of the
surgery. In this study we assessed a new technique for chest drainage following
OPCAB.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 171 patients were
allocated to two groups. In the control group, the drainage technique included
one drain in the left pleural cavity and another in the mediastinum, while in
the case group the drainage technique included one drain in the left plural
and one in the right pleural cavity.
Results: The amount of drainage in the case group was more than the control group (p=0.001).
We found significant reductions in the incidence of arrhythmias in the case
group (p=0.005). While one patient (1.2%)
needed reoperation for bleeding control in the control group, no patients
needed reexploration in the case group (p=0.497).
The duration of hospital (p=0.022) and ICU
(p=0.002) stays was shorter in the case group.
Conclusions: Based
on the results of this study, changing the position of mediastinal drains in
patients undergoing OPCAB surgery and shifting it to
the right pleural cavity, reduces complications, such as arrhythmia and
pericardial effusion, aside from establishing a better drainage.
Amirsalari S, Dalvand H, Dehghan L, Feizy A, Hosseini Sa, Shamsoddini A,
Volume 69, Issue 8 (6 2011)
Abstract
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Background: The
goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in the hamstring
and calf muscles with and without ankle serial casting in the improvement of
gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods : This double-blind prospective clinical trial was performed on 25, 2 to 8-year-old children with
hemiplegic or diplegic CP in Tehran, Iran in 2010. The participants were chosen by simple randomized sampling and
were matched for age, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and type of CP and were randomly divided
into two groups: children in the first group (13) only received BTX-A injection, but the second group (12) received BTX-A and serial foot casting starting one week after the injection.
Results : Comparison of the gross motor function, right and left knee
spasticities and passive ROM of both knees between the two groups before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the injections
were not statistically significant (P>0.1). Furthermore, comparison of the right and left ankle spasticities
and passive ROM before the injections and in1 and 3-month follow-ups did not show a statistically significant difference
(P>0.1),
but the differences were significant in 6 and 12-month follow-ups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: BTX-A injection
with serial foot casting vs. BTX-A
alone was more effective in decreasing spasticity and improving passive ROM in
the ankle of children with CP, but such injections in the
hamstrings were not useful in these regards.
Shokrzadeh Sh, Saidijam M, Dehghan A, Esna-Ashari F, Farimani Sanoee M, Bahmanzadeh M, Alizadeh Z,
Volume 69, Issue 10 (5 2012)
Abstract
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Background: The
techniques used in assisted reproductive technologies have progressed
considerably, but many embryos do not implant after transfer upon the use of
these techniques. One of the causes of infertility is repeated implantation
failure due to decreased endometrial receptivity. Furthermore, in clinical
conditions such as endometriosis and myoma, implantation decreases after embryo
transfer. In this case-control study the expression patterns of HOXA-10 and BTEB1 mRNAs were evaluated at the time
of implantation in patients with myoma and endometriosis.
Methods : In this study performed in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
during 1389, the cases included 16 patients with endometriosis and myoma (8 in each group) and the
control group consisted of 8 fertile women. Endometrial sampling was performed at mid-secretory
phase. Later, the expression patterns of HOXA-10
and BTEB1
mRNAs were evaluated using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.
Results : The optimal PCR cycles determined were 30,
32 and 26 for HOXA10, BTEB1 and β-actin, respectively. Endometrial HOXA-10
and BTEB1 mRNA expression levels (normalized to ß-actin expression) at the time of implantation were significantly
decreased in the endometrium of infertile patients with endometriosis compared
with that of healthy fertile controls (P<0.05).
A similar pattern was seen in patients with
myomas for both HOXA10 and BTEB1 genes, (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that lower
expression of HOXA-10 and BTEB1 mRNAs in the implantation window of endometrium that increase normally, could
account for some aspects of infertility in patients with endometriosis and
myoma.
Hasibi M, Jafari S, Khazraiyan H, Dehghan Manshadi Sa,
Volume 70, Issue 12 (5 2013)
Abstract
Background: Amphotericin B Deoxycholate (ABD) has been the best therapeutic agent for treatment of most systemic fungal infections. However, untoward adverse effects like nephrotoxicity may limit its appropriate therapeutic use. We studied administration of fat emulsion early after infusion of ABD to evaluate its effects on ABD-associated nephrotoxicity.
Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. Patients with fungal infections admitted in Amir-Alam and Imam-Khomeini University Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, entered the study during 1390- 1391. The patients were randomized to intervention and control groups. In both groups, patients received 1mg/kg/day ABD in dextrose 5%. In intervention arm, the patients additionally received intralipid 10% daily that was started as soon as possible within one hour after infusion of ABD. ABD-associated nephrotoxicity (a minimum 50% increase in baseline serum creatinine to a minimum of 2mg/dl), daily serum creatinine changes during first two weeks of treatment and some other relevant indices of renal function were compared between groups. ABD-related hypokalemia was also compared as an additional target.
Results: Thirty one patients entered the study. ABD-associated nephrotoxicity and values of other relevant indices of renal function were not different between intervention and control groups (P>0.05). Daily changes in serum creatinine level within first two weeks of treatment in both groups were not also statistically different (P=0.62). Furthermore, ABD-related hypokalemia was not significantly different between groups (P=0.47).
Conclusion: Administration of intralipid 10% early after infusion of ABD in dextrose 5% does not have any effect in decreasing ABD-associated nephrotoxicity. Moreover, it does not have any significant effect on ABD-related hypokalemia.
Elaheh Amini , Bita Ebrahim , Paideh Dehghan , Mohadeseh Fallahi , Samaneh Sedghi , Fereshteh Amini , Mamak Shariat ,
Volume 71, Issue 10 (January 2014)
Abstract
Background: Improvement of growth, nutrition and calories intake in neonates is derived by massage.
Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trials settled in Vali-e-Asr Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) ward in 2012. The control group consisted of 19 infants who were not massaged on them. 15 infants in the intervention group received massage therapy for 10 days, three times a day by trained massage theurapist. Massage last 15 minutes and was done one hour after feeding. Massages were done in 2-7 days neonates. Weight gain, intake calories and oral feeding were compared between studied groups. Data was registered in SPSS v.18 and was analyzed via compatible statistics tests.
Results: There were no significant different anthropometric measures at birth (weight-head circumferences and height) and gestational ages of delivery between two groups. Massages had no side effects on cases. Caloric intake at the end of 10 days (end of intervention) showed significant differences between the two groups (P=0.04). But no differences was shown for weight gain. Cases who received massage reached sooner to oral feeding but this difference was significant at 90% significance level (P=0.08).
Conclusion: After 10 days, massage therapy increases oral nutritional intake but to find more accurate details requires further studies to be planned.
Zohreh Alizadeh, Zohreh Kheradmand, Maryam Bahmanzadeh, Maryam Sohrabi , Farzaneh Esna Ashari, Arash Dehghan Dehghan,
Volume 72, Issue 6 (September 2014)
Abstract
Background: Gonadotropins are commonly used for superovulation in human and animals to retrieve more oocyte and increase chance of pregnancy. Ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction technology produces lower implantation rates per embryo transferred than natural and ovum donation cycles, suggesting suboptimal endometrial development due to the hormones used to recruit more oocytes. Due to the frequent use of gonadotropins in the treatment of infertility in successive periods, the aim of this study was to determine the endometrial changes in response to repeated ovarian stimulation.
Methods: This experimental interventional study has done in research center of Hamadan university of medical sciences in 2012. NMRI female mice six weeks old were used in this study and divided into 7 groups (5 each). The mice in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 received 1, 2, 3 and 4 times pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and 48 hours later 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) respectively. For each group were considered a control group which received on time gonadortropin injection. The mouses were killed 13-16 hours after hCG injection and middle part of uterine horn cut for histological study using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The parameters that studied were surface epithelium of endometrium, glandular epithelium, and endometrial height and axis of uterine gland.
Results: Our results showed that there are no significant differences in glandular epithelium, axis of glands and height of endometrium in experimental groups (P>0.05). The height of surface epithelium showed significant increases after ovarian stimulation in experiment group (P≤0.03). Our results showed that there are no significant differences in glandular epithelium, axis of glands, height of endometrium and height of surface epithelium between control groups and also it's experimental group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Changes in the height of surface epithelium could be one of the reasons for decrease implantation rates with repeated ovarian stimulation.
Mahboobeh Hajabdolbaghi , Hamid Emadi Kochack , Mohammad Reza Salehi , Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi, Mehdi Usefipour , Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi ,
Volume 73, Issue 4 (July 2015)
Abstract
Background: One of the main reasons of hemorrhagic fevers is Ebola. The high rate of mortality and lack of definite treatment have been caused this infection to be a serious problem in the world. Ebola, especially in the early stages, when causes symptoms such as fever, anorexia and nausea, can be confused with malaria infection and conversely, severe malaria with Ebola. Plasmodium falciparum is an important cause of severe malaria that more than other types of plasmodium confused with Ebola.
Case presentation: The patient is a 54-year-old man who had gone to Sudan about 8 months ago. The patient reported that fever, chills and headache had been started one week before traveling from Sudan to Iran and hematuria was added to his symptoms in third week of illness in Iran. He was referred to the emergency department with probable diagnosis of Ebola. Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes were revealed in his peripheral blood smear. Finally, he was treated with Coartem (artemether/lumefantrine) for malaria and after clinical improvement discharged to home with good condition.
Conclusion: Ebola should be suspected in every patient with fever and a history of traveling to endemic areas. Considering the fact that in most areas where Ebola is endemic also malaria is common, lack of clinical suspicion to malaria causes that clinicians mistake malaria with Ebola. Necessary laboratory tests to rule out important differential diagnoses in patients with suspected Ebola virus contains: Peripheral blood smear for malarial parasite and blood culture and blood cell counts to investigate typhoid fever and other bacterial infections. Therefore, malaria should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in every patient suspected with Ebola.
Hoda Golab Ghadaksaz , Mahmood Dehghani Ashkezari , Mehdi Hedayati ,
Volume 73, Issue 6 (September 2015)
Abstract
Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), includes 5-10% of all the thyroid cancers. RET proto-oncogene mutations have been found in association with MTC development. Therefore, identification of the mutations in RET can allow early diagnosis of the families who are at the risk of the disease. The goal of this study was to investigate existence and association between mutations in exon 19 of the RET proto-oncogene in an Iranian population medullary thyroid cancer patients and their family members.
Methods: This study was run in the research laboratory of Research Institute for Endocrine Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from May, 2013 to May, 2014. In this study, 110 patients with confirmed medullary thyroid carcinoma were selected and examined. At first, the genomic DNA content of the peripheral white blood cells (WBC) of the samples were extracted using a saturated salting out and proteinase K standard method. Exon 19 of the RET proto-oncogene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was amplified. Then the desired PCR products formation was confirmed by electrophoresis technique for true amplification, and finally the amplified samples were used for direct sequenced for finding and assessing any possible mutations
Results: In this study, two nucleotide changes at position rs2075912 (Y: T/C) and position rs2075913 (W: T/A) exon 19 RET proto-oncogene were found in the patients with medullary thyroid cancer. The frequency of both nucleotide changes were higher in men than women with medullary thyroid cancer. The frequency of the rs2075912 and rs2075913 were 11.2 and 6.3% higher in men than women. But in statistical analysis, there was no association between age, sex and the founded two mutations.
Conclusion: In addition to mutations in other exons of proto-RET, mutations in exon 19 can also be used for early detection and confirmation of medullary thyroid carcinomas.
Hossain Soleymani Salehabadi , Saeid Salehinejad Kouvei , Mohammad Bagher Owlia , Ali Dehghan , Masoud Mohammadi ,
Volume 74, Issue 7 (October 2016)
Abstract
Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease that mainly affects axial skeleton of the body and ankylosing spondylitis ligaments around the spine at the junction of the spine are inflamed, because the disease is progressive and can lead to significantly cause of disability and the studies could provide a mechanism for the early detection of the disease or help determine when to start treatment, the difference in clinical presentations of AS in men and women is indicative of potential effect of gender on severity of the disease. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of gender on severity of AS.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, one hundred and fifteen patients with ankylosing spondylitis who referred to Yazd Rheumatology Clinic between 2001 and 2013 were evaluated. Sampling was performed using non-random convenient method. The most important variables studied included demographic data, clinical presentation, radiographic stage of sacroiliac involvement, and laboratory data extracted from patients’ files and recorded in questionnaires.
Results: Both groups according to age at diagnosis, presence of enteritis, peripheral joint involvement and laboratory data such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and hemoglobin were matched. Inflammatory neck pain was more prevalent in men than in women (77.2% against 51.8%; P< 0.05). Sacroiliac radiographic study revealed stage 1 involvement in 11.3% of men and 37% of women (P= 0.009), and stage 4 in 27.2% of men and 3.7% of women (P< 0.001), with a significant difference.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the time between age of onset and age at diagnosis, inflammatory pain in the neck and advanced stage in men than in women was higher. Although these findings suggest that gender may have an impact on the pattern and severity of AS but the time delay in diagnosis as a disease affecting the intensity and pattern should not be overlooked.
Davood Azimpour , Nahid Tahan , Fereshteh Poursaeed , Farideh Dehghan Manshadi , Erfan Ghasemi ,
Volume 75, Issue 5 (August 2017)
Abstract
Background: Spasticity is a clinical deficit of upper motor neurons lesions that presented immediately or at delayed times after lesions and occurs in about 38% of stroke patients. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been recently reported as a safe and effective method for reducing spasticity in stroke patients. In the present study, we sought to investigate the impact of the ESWT on post stroke spasticity using a meta-analysis method.
Methods: All primary reports of spasticity indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and search engine of Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2016 were searched. The following terms were used as keywords: Spasticity, muscle hypertonicity, ESWT, stroke and hemiplegia. Any report was included if it met the following criteria: involving clinical trials, full-version availability, and being written in english. Two reviewers selected articles independently and reviewed the studies considering quality and eligibility, and then they extracted general information on objectives, design, participants, and outcomes. The methodologic quality of each study was assessed using the Pedro Scale. In the statistical analyses, we considered two outcomes; Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) grade and passive rang of movement (PROM). The meta-analysis was done using random effect model in Stata, version 11 (Stata Corp., TX, USA).
Results: Eleven studies within a total of 261 patients were included in this review. In seven studies the shock waves were applied to the upper limb muscles, and in four other studies, the effects of ESWT on the spasticity of the lower limb muscles were assessed. Immediately after applying the ESW, MAS grade was significantly decreased in comparison to the baseline values. (Standardized mean difference [SMD], -1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.2 to -1.04). The PROM was significantly increased immediately after ESWT in comparison to the baseline values (SMD, 3.23; CI 95%, 1.35 to 5.12).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ESWT can immediately improve the spasticity and increased PROM, but it seems that the mechanism of action of shock waves on spasticity is still unclear. Further clinical trial studies with higher methodological quality should be recommended. |
Razieh Nazari , Mehri Ghasemi , Farideh Dehghan-Manshadi , Alireza Akbarzadeh-Baghban ,
Volume 75, Issue 9 (December 2017)
Abstract
Background: Sonography is used for measuring the muscle morphology including length, depth, cross-sectional area, bulk and pennation angle. The supraspinatus is the most common affected muscle among the rotator cuff muscles. There is no study about the reliability of sonographic measurement of supraspinatus thickness in the positions of empty can (EC), full can (FC) and hug up (HU) tests. The present study aims to investigate the intra-rater reliability of the measurement of sonographic thickness of supraspinatus muscle in the rest and positions of the EC, FC and HU tests.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytic study which was carried out in a cross-sectional method on ten healthy women aged: 22.10±2.76 years without any tendon pathology. The study was carried out during four weeks (January to March in 2017). The supraspinatus thickness was scanned during rest and contracted states. The positions of measuring ultrasonic thickness of supraspinatus were as follow: position of EC test: the arm in 90-degree elevation in the scaption plane with the thumb-down, position of FC test: the arm in 90-degree elevation in the scaption plane with the thumb-up, position of HU test: the palm of hand was placed on the opposite shoulder with the elbow flexed using a 0.5-kg weight cuff. Intra-rater reliability of ultrasonic muscle thickness measurements were examined in one day.
Results: All intra-rater reliability values were equal or more than 0.90: the value was 0.90 (95%CI: 0.65-0.97) in the rest position, while for the measurement of ultrasonic thickness of the supraspinatus was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.87-0.99) in the position of EC test, 0.97 (95%CI: 0.90-0.99) and 0.96 (95%CI: 0.86-0.99) in the positions of FC and HU tests, respectively.
Conclusion: Measurement of ultrasonic thickness of supraspinatus muscle is a reliable method in the rest and positions of EC, FC and HU tests. This method can be used to compare the muscle thickness changes in the positions of the above tests.
Younes Mehrifar , Hamideh Pirami , Somayeh Farhang Dehghan ,
Volume 76, Issue 2 (May 2018)
Abstract
Background: Welding generates complex metal aerosols, inhalation of which is linked to adverse health effects among welders. Exposure to manganese (Mn) fume in welding processes can have a harmful effect on welders’ health. Long-term, high-level exposure to Mn is associated with impaired central nervous system (CNS) function. The present study aims to investigate relationship between exposure to manganese in welding fumes and incidence of migraine headache symptoms.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in March 2017 in an Iron Smelting Industry. Forty welders were selected as the exposure group and thirty-five employees were selected from the administrative unit as the control group. Data related to symptoms of migraine headache were collected using with Ahvaz migraine questionnaire (AMQ). Air samples were collected on mixed cellulose ester membrane filters in personal air samplers and then analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) (NIOSH Method 7300).
Results: The average concentration of welder’s exposure to manganese was 7.24±2.91 mg/m3, which is very higher (37 times) than the occupational exposure limit (Threshold limit value-time-weighted average). There was no significant difference between the mean age and work experience of the two groups (P<0.05). Comparison of the mean of migraine headache symptoms in the two groups of welders and office workers also showed that the frequency of these symptoms among welders was significantly higher than those reported by administrative staff (P<0.05). The correlation between the frequency of symptoms of migraine headache and the concentration of manganese in the air of the welders’ respiratory area was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Frequency of migraine headache symptoms was higher among welders compared to control group. Statistically the significant relationship was found between airborne Manganese concentration and occurrence of migraine headache; however, a conclusive conclusion is based on more comprehensive studies with larger sample size.
