Showing 17 results for Eshraghi
Sadeghy Poor Roodsary H, Maaref H, Eshraghian,
Volume 59, Issue 5 (9 2001)
Abstract
The healthy city is one that is designed to achieve optimal echological, social, and physical specifications for residents of the community that are developing constantly, and that a comprehensive different intrasector cooperation, resources and existing utilities are developed so that an environment of mutual cooperation and assistance for every individual civilian are provided. An environment to maximize their potential ability. One of the specific goals of healthy city, is the development of public knowledge, and cooperative involvement in social health and hygienic programs. The project of healthy city is carried in the Koyee Sizdah Aban, Rey city for the first time. This article has compared the studies carried in the Koyee Sizdah Aban and the other one that in carried in the district of Dowlat Abad, in regard to above-mentioned points. In this study the rate of knowledge, attitude, and the practice of four hundred of 15-49 years old women within the limits of healthy city, was compared with other four hundred women residing in the district of Dowlat Abad in regard to hygienic programs. According to the result of this study the mean percent of knowledge in the healthy cities women were significant in relation to other group. The rate of attitude toward the hygienic problems in the health city and the district of Dowlat Abad did not show a significant differences. The rate of practice of the women of healthy city with 95% of confidence was more than the women of Dowlat Abad. This study clarified that literacy of women and their spouse have positive effect on their knowledge and practice in regard to hygienic problems, but there is not meaningful relation between profession and age of women in regard to the knowledge and practice.
Eshraghi S, Sarrafnejad, Taheri Roudsari H,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (11 2004)
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary Nocardiosis is an infrequent infection whose incidence seems to be on the rise due to a higher degree of clinical suspicion and to an increasing number of immunosuppressive factors. The present investigation was carried out to detect Nocardiosis in immunocompromised patients confined in the pulmonary ward of Tehran’s Shariati Training Hospital through the use of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and bacterial culture methods. The comparison of the two methods and the correlation between the antibody titer and the statistical and epidemiological data were also investigated.
Materials and Methods: 101 patients with advanced symptomatic pulmonary infection were studied in the course of a twenty-month period. Individual patients’ sputum, BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) and blood sera were tested. From each sample three thin smears were prepared for microscopic observations. The samples were cultured in Sabouraud’s dextrose, blood and paraffin agar. The detection of antibody against Nocardia asteroides was carried out in all study groups, using the IFA method. The medical history of patients was also obtained through questionnaires for further analysis.
Results: Nocardia asteroides was isolated from only one patient suffering from Wagner vasculitis with an antibody titer of in serum. The 41 patients suspected for Nocardiosis with an antibody titer ranging from to , detected by IFA method, included 26 (63.4%) men and 15 (14.8%) women. The age of the patients varied from 7-80 years. Those with reasonable antibody titers included 15 (36.5%) housewives and 9 (21.9%) workers. Furthermore, in-vitro investigation for the differentiation of the isolates was performed and confirmed the notion that the organism which grew on the primary media was, indeed, the Nocardia asteroids complex.
Conclusion: Our results revealed that the broncho-pulmonary infections, which occur in high-risk patients -T-cell deficiencies, long term corticosteroid therapy, immunocompromised hosts, HIV infection, organ transplantation- was an important index for the primary diagnosis of Nocardiosis. As the important finding of the present research, the antibody titer of could be proposed as the criterion for the diagnosis of the infection. The probability of Nocardiosis was proposed when antibody titer was less or more than .
P Ayatollahi, S Nafissi, M Eshraghian , A Tarazi,
Volume 64, Issue 1 (30 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Measuring the outcome of chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis is an important factor in assessment of disease impact on different dimensions of quality of life and in evaluation of therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the MSIS-29 which is a MS-specific outcome measure for Iranian patients.
Materials and Methods: The Iranian adaptation process of the MSIS-29 included 5 steps. To evaluate psychometric properties of the translated version, the questionnaire was administered to a consecutive sample of 96 patients with clinically definite MS referred to our out-patient clinic. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a sub-sample consisted of 30 patients. These patients completed the questionnaire on two occasions separated by a 7-day interval. The Iranian version of the SF-36 was also administered to this sub-sample in order to evaluate the validity of translated MSIS-29.
Results: Statistical analysis indicated that the Persian version of the MSIS-29 had high internal consistency (cronbach’s alpha coefficients > 0.70) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients >0.70) and a good validity.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the MSIS-29 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring MS outcome in Iranian patients. It can be used in clinical trials and cross-sectional studies.
Karam Soltani Z, Dorosty Motlagh Ar, Eshraghian Mr, Siassi F, Jazayeri Gh,
Volume 65, Issue 7 (4 2007)
Abstract
Background: Food security is defined as access, for all people at all times, to enough food for an active and healthy life. Food security includes: 1) the ready availability of nutritionally-adequate and safe food, and 2) an assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways. The increase in childhood as well as adulthood obesity and food insecurity has caused many recent investigations on obesity, food insecurity and some associated factors. However, there appears to be a lack of published information regarding some factors affecting obesity and food insecurity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence obesity and food insecurity and some associated factors among Yazd province primary school students in Iran.
Methods: Using two-stage cluster sampling, a total of 3245 students (1587 boys and 1658 girls), aged 9-11 years, were randomly selected from primary school pupils in Yazd, Iran. From these, 187 students having BMIs ≥95th percentile, as defined by Hosseini et al. (1999), were identified as obese and 187 pupils of the same age and gender having BMIs between the 15th and 85th percentiles were selected as controls. Data were collected using 24-hour food-recall and USDA food insecurity questionnaires.
Results: We found that the prevalence of obesity among students aged 9-11 years was 13.3%, and the prevalence of food insecurity was 30.5%. Daily energy intakes, compared to those recommended by the RDA, carbohydrate intake and energy percentages from proteins and carbohydrates were higher in obese children, and all macronutrient intakes per kilogram of body weight were significantly higher. An association between obesity and food insecurity was observed with adjusted fat intake.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of obesity and food insecurity is high among Yazd primary school students, and high-level intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate are associated with obesity. Furthermore, variation in the rate of fat intake is a relative factor for food insecurity.
Behnaz Haeri Behbahani , Ahmad Reza Dorosty , Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: The sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI) percentiles of CDC2000 standard which is used in determining obesity in Iranian children was compared with child real obesity identified by fat mass index (FMI) and obesity status in these children based on BMI and FMI was compared too.
Methods: Weight, height and triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness were measured in 1800 primary school children in Sabzevar, Iran. Fat mass (estimated from TSF) and weight were divided by height squared to calculate FMI and BMI, respectively. FMI at or above the 90th percentile of age- and sex- specific data in this study was considered as criterion for real obesity, and BMI≥95th and 85thResults: Based on the CDC cut-offs, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in our children were 7.9% and 4.8%, respectively. From the real obese and non-obese children identified by the FMI, 43.3% and 0.6% were identified as obese according to BMI, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of 90th percentile of BMI to identify children as obese, were 71.1% and 98% respectively.
Conclusions: The efficacy of BMI in determining childhood obesity may be less than expected and it appears that FMI in comparison with BMI, is a better indicator of obesity in children, but more studies in this area are required.
Eshraghi S, Salehipour Z, Pourmand Mr, Rahimi Forushani A, Zahraei Salehi Mt, Agha Amiri S, Bakhtyari R, Abedi Mohtasab Tp, Mardani N, Seyed Amiri S, Soltan Dallal Mm,
Volume 67, Issue 7 (7 2009)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen throughout the world. Enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 are important virulence factors and as pyrogenic toxin superantigens have profound effects on the ir host. Thus circulation of TSST1 producing S.aureus among people and food chain is a worrying issue. The present paper was conducted to study Prevalence of tst, entC, entA and entA/C genes in staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different foods.
Methods: Over 1040 food samples have been analyzed differentially according to Iran national standard (number= 1194) for S.aureus identification. After DNA extraction, PCR reactions were carried out by reference strain as positive control, adequate primers.
Results: At present study, prevalence of foodstuffs contaminated by S.aureus isolates was about 9.5% (100 strains). Of 25% of isolates producing entC, 28% (seven strains) had tst gene at the same time and of 8% of isolates producing entA, 12.5% (one strain) were positive for tst genes simultaneously. Altogether of 9% isolates producing combination of entC and entA, 44.4% (four strains) were also producer of tst gene.
Conclusion: Prevalence of TSST1 producing strains in combination with enterotoxin genes is considerable especially with entC and A plus C. On the other hand, circulation of these isolates in humans, animals, foods and environment has hazardous effect for general public health.
Saeed Eshraghi, Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dalall, Fatemeh Fardsanei, Taghi Zahraii Salehi, Reza Ranjbar, Bahram Nikmanesh, Farzaneh Aminharati, Zahra Abdosamadi, Abolfazl Akbari,
Volume 67, Issue 12 (6 2010)
Abstract
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Background: Salmonellosis is a bacterial gasteroenteritis
caused by different serovars of Salmonella. In
the recent years, Salmonella
enterica subspecies. Enterica
serovar enteritidis is a major cause of gastroenteritis and food poisoning in
the worldwide. Different
genus of salmonella is increasingly being resistant to common antibiotics. The
aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the antibiotic resistance
patterns of Salmonella enterica isolated from medical health centers in Tehran.
Methods: In this descriptive cross- sectional study from April
to December 2008, 1950
fecal specimens from children with diarrhea were cultivated to identify Salmonella
enteritidis. We
used Clinical and Laboratory Standard
Institute (CLSI) protocol
to determine resistance patern of the isolates to 16
different antibiotics.
Results: In this study, out of 26
isolates 14(54%) were S.
enteritidis, 2(8%) S.
para B, 6(23%)
S. para C,
3(11%) S. arizonea and 1(4%) S. para A.
all of them were sensitive to ceftazidime, cephalexin, cefotaxime, ceftiraxone,
ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin and colistin sulfate. All
of the isolates were resistant to nitrofurantoin whereas 71.4%
of them were resistant to nalidixic acid.
Conclusions: The
most prevalent isolated salmonella was S.enteritidis. According
to high sensivity of these isolates to cephalosporin and flourqouinolon family,
they can used as infective treatment for salmonellosis infections.
Soltan Dallal Mm, Molla Aghamirzaei H, Fallah Mehrabadi J, Rastegar Lari A, Sabbaghi A, Eshraghian Mr, Fard Sanei A, Bakhtiari R, Hanafi Abdar M,
Volume 68, Issue 6 (6 2010)
Abstract
Background: Beta- lactamase enzymes are the most important resistant factors to beta lactam antibiotics among gram negative bacteria. Nowadays, the prevalence of beta- lactamase infection is increasing worldwide and drawn the scientists attention as an important subject. Due to high prevalence of bacteria contained TEM beta lactamase and AmpC enzymes, using molecular methods especially designing universal primers could be valuable to detect all of them. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TEM and AmpC (Dha and MOX) beta- lactamase genes using universal primers.
Methods: A total of 500 clinical specimens from various Hospitals in Tehran, Iran were collected and analyzed for E. coli based on biochemical tests. These clinical specimens were also screened by Disk diffusion agar, combined disk method and PCR to detect the samples producing extended- spectrum beta- lactamase.
Results: Overall 200 isolates of Escherichia coli were collected from the 500 clinical specimens out of which 128(64%) isolates were positive by PCR assay and showed bla- TEM, bla- AmpC (Dha, MOX) genes, 74(57.8%) and 5(3.9%) to have bla- TEM and bla Dha, respectively. Mox gene was not detected in any of the specimens.
Conclusions: Our results revealed that using the molecular methods with phenotype methods is very essential for complete detection of Beta- lactamases. There is the need for updating the treatment protocol because the prevalence of this resistance is increasing.
Eshraghi N, Tarzamni Mk, Afrasiabi A, Safaie N, Halimi M, Eshraghi A,
Volume 68, Issue 7 (7 2010)
Abstract
Background: A correlation between coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries and the determination of noninvasive indexes for its existence and extent have been sought by many researchers. Some studies report that the intima-media thickness (IMT) of peripheral arteries could play this role. This study evaluated the correlation between the IMTs of common carotid and common femoral arteries and the degree of atherosclerosis in aortic arch and to evaluate the severity of CAD in candidates of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods: In a cross-sectional analytic-descriptive study, The severity of CAD, the grade of atherosclerosis of the aortic arch, and the IMTs of the common carotid and common femoral arteries were determined.
Results: There was a significant weak positive correlation between the IMT of common carotid artery (ρ = 0.193, p = 0.039) and common femoral artery (ρ = 0.206, p = 0.028) with the number of involved carotid vessels the mean of these two parameters was not significantly different between the three CAD groups. There was not any significant relation between the IMTs of common carotid and common femoral arteries with the severity of atherosclerosis in the aortic arch too. There was not any significant relation between the presences of atherosclerotic plaque in the common carotid or the common femoral arteries with the severity of CAD. The severe atherosclerosis of the aortic arch was significantly higher in patients with three vessel disease.
Conclusion: According to our results, the IMTs of common carotid and/or common femoral arteries may increase with the severity of CAD however, these parameters are not a surrogate for predicting the CAD severity.
Mohammad Banazadeh , Mohsen Eshraghi , Mohammad Ali Noyan Ashraf,
Volume 68, Issue 8 (November 2010)
Abstract
Background: Acute Necrotizing Mediastinitis (ANM) is a lethal disease that without antibiotic therapy and surgical Intervention has a mortality rate about 40% in best medical centers. With development of imaging technology (spiral CT- Scan) and shortening in time of diagnosis and surgery, the outcome and prognosis of the patients are improved. The surgical modalities are trans- cervical and trans- thoracic approaches.
Case series: We present a series of four patients with acute necrotizing mediastinitis that admitted to thoracic surgery ward in vali-e-asr Hospital in Tehran, Iran, during years 2009 and 2010. A 31years old woman and three male patients with ages 21, 25 and 63 years. Odontogenic infection was the cause in two cases while pharyngeal perforation and cervical esophageal perforation were the causes of acute necrotizing mediastinitis the others.
Results: Mean±SD of hospitalization time was 24±6 days. Infection of cervical space (periviceral spaces) and the superior mediastinum were found in all patients while extension of infection below the carina was found in two of them. All patients were operated by trans- cervical approach. One patient was operated by trans- thoracic approach. All patients were discharged with good general condition.
Conclusion: Early usage of spiral CT- scan for diagnosis of acute necrotizing mediastinitis and early drainage with trans- cervical approach could be life saving in acute necrotizing mediastinitis patients with good results.
Soltan Dallal Mm, Mobasseri G, Mehrabadi Jf, Eshraghian Mr, Rastegar Lari A, Molla Aghamirzaei H, Sabbaghi A, Azarsa A,
Volume 69, Issue 1 (4 2011)
Abstract
Background: Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates frequently results
from the production of β-lactamase enzymes. In recent years, the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamase have greatly increased, especially in clinically isolated Escherichia coli. On the other hand, beta lactamase genes have several subfamilies and designing universal primers could be valuable in their detection. The beta-lactamase-producing E. coli which is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics may pose a great risk to the patients. The CTX-M-1 gene is responsible for beta lactamase resistance. The purpose of this study was to find the percentage of CTX-M-1 carrying E. coli strains.
Methods: A total of 500 urine samples were collected from different hospitals in Tehran, Iran during September to February 2009. The samples were cultured on EMB agar and incubated at 37 C for 24 hours. Some biochemical tests were carried out on
the isolated samples. The presence of CTX-M-1 gene was determined by PCR on the
isolates already identified phenotypically by disk diffusion agar and combined disks. Results: In general, 200 out of the initial 500 samples were identified as E. coli, among which 128 (79.5%) were ESBLs producing strains. PCR used for the detection of CTX-M-
1 gene, showed that 99 (77.34%) out of 128 isolates contained such gene.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high percentage of β-lactamase resistant E. coli strains. This is a serious matter and would pose a public hazard and every step should be taken to avoid such hazard.
Heidarzadeh S, Pourmand Mr, Ghasemi A, Zarrinfar H, Saber S, Soori T, Mirhendi Sh, Hosseini M, Khalifehgholi M, Mardani N, Eshraghi Ss,
Volume 69, Issue 9 (6 2011)
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Background: Nocardiosis is a rare and potentially
life-threatening infection caused by several species of the Nocardia genus. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid and new method to clinically identify relevant Nocardia species. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Nocardia species is essential
for the treatment of severe infections and prevention of cerebral abscess.
Methods: One hundred and eighty patients, 103 (57.22%) male and 77 (42.78%) female, with severe symptomatic
pulmonary infection were studied in the course of a 12-month period in Dr.
Shariati Teaching Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences
in 2010. The specimens were cultured and identified
using microbiological and biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to directly identify the organism in the
broncoalveolar lavage samples collected from the patients. NG1 and NG2 primers were used to amplify a Nocardia genus-specific 598-bp fragment of 16S rRNA.
Results: Nineteen samples (10.56%) were positive with PCR and 5 samples (2.78%) with conventional methods. All
samples with positive cultures were also positive by PCR.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that PCR has a high
sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of Nocardia compared with
culture and biochemical tests. Considering the rapidity, precision, high
sensitivity and specificity of molecular techniques, use of these techniques is
suggested in conjunction with conventional methods for the detection of Nocardia phenotypes in clinical laboratories and research centers.
Seyyed Saeed Eshraghi , Mehdi Fatahi Bafghi , Ali Ghafouri , Parvin Heidarieh , Shadi Habibnia , Masoumeh Rasouli Nasab , Hojat Yazdanbod , Hosein Keshavarzi ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (October 2013)
Abstract
Background: Nocardia species are Gram-positive, partially acid fast, non-motile, catalase positive, aerobic and saprophytic actinomycetes found all around the world. They invade the human body from the environment via trauma and respiratory tract and cause cutaneous, pulmonary and systemic diseases. They are able to grow in various media.The organisms opportunistically infect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Behcet's disease is an autoimmune disease and immunocompromised patient which may suitable host for Nocardia bacterium. The present study is the first case report of isolation of Nocardia from the thigh abscess in a patient with behcet’s disease from Iran.
Case Presentation: A 39-year-old man with Behcet’s disease in August 2011 was admitted to Shariati hospital Tehran, with swelling and pain in the left flank and left thigh. Microscopic identification from direct microbiological slide of thigh abscess discharge demonstrated number of lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages foamy and white blood cells together with filamentous bacteria. Further microbiological characterization using phenotypic and antibiogram tests with disk diffusion method, demonstrated that the isolated bacterium is Nocardia asteroides complex. The bacteria were sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, amikacin and cotrimoxazole but it was resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin G, cephalothin and gentamicin. The patient was treated with cotrimoxazole.
Conclusion: Because of the high incidence and high mortality of Nocardia infection in immunocompromised cases, rapid detection and timely treatment for these patients is necessary.
Bita Dadpour , Zahra Hatami , Amirreza Liaghat , Ali Eshraghi , Fares Najari , Dorsa Najari ,
Volume 77, Issue 7 (October 2019)
Abstract
Background: QT dispersion means the difference between the minimum and maximum QT interval in a standard twelve standard electrocardiogram, which indicates ventricular repolarization and electrical instability of the heart. In this study, we try to find a link between methadone poisoning and the change in QT dispersion, so that we can accurately assess the patient's condition and medical needs in the future.
Methods: In a descriptive, randomized/ cross-sectional study in the poisoning ward of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad from October 2013 to April 2015, all patients who referred to the emergency department because of their methadone toxicity or symptoms, had an ECG with 12 leads taken from them, at the time of the arrival. QT dispersion was calculated manually in comparison to other parameters. Also their blood sample were taken to the lab in order to measure different electrolytes (Mg, K, Ca). To ensure the accuracy of study, patient’s urine samples were taken and tested for methadone. There was no intervention in this study. The control group was also not considered QT scattering and dispersion was compared with normal reference in this study.
Results: In this study, 100 patients were studied, 65 of them males (65%) and 35 females (35%). Mean age of subjects entering the study was 33.87±14.5. The average dose of methadone in these cases was 35.5±35.7 mg. However, their usual dose was 1.11±4.85 mg prior to overdoses, and the average duration of use mentioned in patients who had a history of usage was 5.1 months, but 90% of the subjects did not mention any history. The average measured potassium was 3.99±0.5 meq/l, calcium was 8.94±0.5 meq/l, and magnesium was 1.98±0.26 mg/dl. Average measured oxygen saturation at the time of admission was 94.43±5.6%. Mean QT dispersion was 0.041±0.018 millisecond.
Conclusion: In our study, no significant correlation was found between QT dispersion and methadone poisoning.
Ahmad Kachoie, Mostafa Vahedian, Farrokh Savaddar, Mohsen Eshraghi, Enayatollah Noori, Sajad Rezvan, Zahra Moeini,
Volume 78, Issue 6 (September 2020)
Abstract
Background: Identifying risk factors for conversion to open surgery laparoscopic cholecystectomy and factors are difficult to predict cholecystectomy surgery is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the findings of preoperative ultrasound in predicting the length of laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery.
Methods: The present study was performed cross-sectional on 122 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Shahid Beheshti, Forghani and Nekoei’s Hospital in Qom from September 2016 to September 2017.
Inclusion criteria: All cases of acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, symptomatic gallstones and biliary pancreatitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The exclusion criteria included patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the same time were other procedures. Before surgery patients' information such as age, sex, ultrasound findings including gallbladder wall thickness, compressed stone and the presence of fluid around the gallbladder were recorded in the checklist. Finally, the duration of cholecystectomy was divided into two degrees of easy operation (less than 60 minutes and without complications) and difficult operation (above 60 minutes with complications) according to the mentioned variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). In this study, a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: 28 (22.4 percent) males and 97 (77.6 percent) females with a mean age of 44.66 13 13.85 years were studied. There were 35 difficult cases (28 percent) and 90 easy cases (72 percent). Conversion to open surgery occurred in three cases. Among the sonographic findings, there was a significant relationship between the increase in gallbladder wall thickness and Impacted stone with the duration of operation (P≤0.05). But no significant relationship was found between the findings of Presence of pericholecystic fluid and the duration of operation (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study showed that preoperative ultrasound is able to provide valuable data in predicting the duration of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. |
Enayatollah Noori, Mostafa Vahedian, Farrokh Savaddar, Ahmad Kachoie, Mohsen Eshraghi, Neda Minaei,
Volume 78, Issue 11 (February 2021)
Abstract
Background: Knowing the conversion risk factors of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery, helps the surgeon to plan for surgery accordingly. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for converting laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery.
Methods: In this analytical study, the case information of 1104 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom from April 2013 to April 2017 was evaluated. Inclusion criteria were all cases of acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, symptomatic gallstones, and biliary pancreatitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The exclusion criteria were patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the same time with other procedures. Data of all patients including age, sex, history of abdominal surgery, emergency or elective surgery, blood transaminase level, blood bilirubin level, white blood cell count, amylase level, and serum alkaline phosphatase were recorded. Finally, potential risk factors were compared between the two groups. Average, standard deviation, frequency and percentage indices were used to describe the data. Independent samples t‐test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for quantitative data analysis and Chi-square test was used for qualitative data analysis. P<0.05 is considered significant.
Results: 1104 patients were studied. 765 patients were female (69.3%) and 339 patients were male (30.7%). In 104 cases, open surgery was performed. The mean age of patients in the method change group was 49.45±8.9 years. Among the studied variables, between sex (P=0.26), age (P=0.056), process of cholecystitis (P=0.65), previous history of abdominal surgery (P=0.62), alanine transaminase (P=0.10) aspartate transaminase (P=0.95) showed no statistically significant relationship with the conversion of laparoscopic surgery to open surgery. However, abnormal ultrasound (P=0.000), emergency surgery (P=0.000), white blood cell count (P=0.008), total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (P=0.000) had a statistically significant relationship with the conversion of laparoscopic to open surgery
| Conclusion: Due to the high complications and mortality of open cholecystectomy, the detection of these risk factors helps to reduce the rate of open surgery and address these factors before surgery. |
Maryam Fakehi, Marjan Ghaemi, Nasim Eshraghi, Melina Poorkazemi, Maryam Mazloomi, Fedyeh Haghollahi,
Volume 81, Issue 8 (November 2023)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify the associated risk factors of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted at Firooz-abadi Hospital between 2019 and 2021. The study included 90 pregnant women diagnosed with PROM or PPROM (case group), compared with 90 women without this complication (control group) who presented to the hospital during the specified period. Demographic and clinical information of the case group was collected and compared with data from 90 pregnant women in the control group, matched for gestational age and other relevant factors. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences between the groups.
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Results: Maternal age and weight were found to be significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group (P=0.02, P<0.001, respectively). This suggests that younger age and lower maternal weight may be risk factors for PROM and PPROM. Furthermore, the number of women with a history of PROM or PPROM was significantly higher in the Case group (P<0.001), indicating that a previous occurrence of membrane rupture increases the risk of subsequent incident. In addition, the study findings showed a significantly higher rate of smoking among pregnant women in the case group compared to the control group (P=0.04). Moreover, the occurrence of urinary tract infections during pregnancy and chorioamnionitis was significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001), suggesting that these infections may contribute to membrane rupture.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the risk factors associated with PROM and PPROM. It highlights that lower maternal age and weight, a history of PROM or PPROM, lower gestational age, a history of gestational diabetes mellitus and first-trimester bleeding, smoking, and urinary tract infections during pregnancy are significantly associated with an increased risk of PROM and PPROM. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification and management of these risk factors in order to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of PROM and PPROM, ultimately improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further research and public health initiatives are warranted to raise awareness and promote preventive measures targeting these identified risk factors.
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