Tehran University Medical Journal

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Port wine stains are benign but cosmetically devasting congenital angiomas. The argon laser is a therapeutic device newly applied to this condition. Our program was begun 6 years ago. From the beginning, the study was conceived as a clinical investigation of both the port wine stain and its argon laser therapy. A total of 218 patients with port wine stains have been studied and many aspects of their clinical condition detailed. Employing the Argon laser, test spots have been carried out in patients and the results have been analyzed with clinical aspects of the lesions. Altogether, 501 treatments were performed in 218 patients. Good to excellent results were obtained in 81 patients. Moderate Result was obtained in 31 weak result in 65 patients. Most common complication were hyperpigmentation and depressed scar.

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Cleft palate is a congenital condition that occurs with the incidence rate of one out of 2000 births. This anomaly produces intraoral pressure changes (increase or decrease), can cause speech, sucking and feeding problems of involved patient. On the other hand, if cleft palate is associated with cleft of the lip or alveolar area, growth and alignment of teeth may change the appearance of the patient and affect the psychologic and occupational future of the patient. Eustatian tube malfunction in involved neonates increase. Many procedures are used to repair the cleft palate and correction of palatal muscles which are: 1) Von Langenbeck (18.5%). 2) Veau-Wardil-Kilner (72.5%). 3) Double opposing Z-Plasty (9%). In this research the demographic criteria of patients including age of the patient at operation rime (mean age 30.14 months), city of residence, family history of cleft palate (12.4%), familial relation of parents (15.2%), associated anomalies, complete or incomplete lesion, weight of patients at the time of surgery (mean 11.28 Kg), hemoglobin (11.3 mg/dl), complications, otitis media and the side of cleft palate are studied in 178 admitted patients to Imam General Hospital between 1989 and 1995.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 !mso]> ject classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui> Background: Trauma is the 2nd cause of mortality in Iran, after cardiovascular diseases. In traumatic patients, head and neck and face skeletal fracture is common. The most common facial fracture is mandible fracture and the least common is frontal fracture. Complications due to orbital fracture are more devasting than the other fractures in face.
Methods: These descriptive cross sectional studies are designed on 92 patients with orbital fractures in a referral educational trauma center, Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran, Iran. Sample size was the patients who referred to this hospital with orbital fracture during the ten years period (1986-2000).
Results: In this study 74 patients were male and 18 patients were female. Mean age of patients was 30 years. The most common cause of orbital fracture was motor vehicle accident which was seen in 38 patients.46 patients had fracture in left orbit and 44 patients in right. Isolated orbital fracture was seen in 38 patients and 54 patients had concomitant trauma and fracture in the other organs. Management of orbital fracture was reduction of displaced bone fragment and fixation for osteosynthesis. The most common methods for osteosynthesis was fixation with miniplate which used in 53 patients and then reconstruction of orbital floor and roof with autologus bone graft. The most common complications due to orbital fracture was related to eyes that were seen in 20 patients.
Conclusion: Face fractures are a piece of all problems in multiple trauma patients as the tip of iceberg. Concomitant injuries are the concealed part of this iceberg. Early detection of orbital fracture and immediate treatment that prevent the future complications and deformities due to orbital fractures.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 !mso]> ject classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui> Background: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of different types of maxillary fractures, concurrent fractures and accompanying signs and symptoms. Trauma is the second cause of mortality in Iran, after cardiovascular diseases. In traumatic patients, head, neck and facial bones fractures are common. The maxillary fractures are seen much less commonly than the fractures of the mandible, zygoma, or nose. Maxillary fractures include: (Le fort I, II, III fractures- alveolar process fracture and Sagittal fracture). The most common cause of maxillary fracture is motor vehicle accidents.
Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study designed on 56 patients with maxillary fractures in a referral educational trauma center of Tehran. Sample size was the patients who referred to this hospital with maxillary fracture during past seven years.
Results: Forty eight (86%) patients were male and 8(14%) were female. Male to female ratio was 6/1. Mean age of patients was 30 years. The most common type of maxillary fracture was infra orbital rim and floor fracture. Among Le fort fracture Le fort type II was the most common. Paresthesia of infra orbital nerve and malocclusion were more common than the other especial signs of maxillary fracture. Concomitant fracture with maxilla include: zygomatic fracture in 62%, mandibular fracture in 25%, nasoethmoidal fracture in 9% and skull base fracture in 4%. Management of maxillary fracture was reduction of displaced bone fragment and fixation for osteosynthesis. The most common way for osteosynthesis was fixation with miniplate and screw.
Conclusions: Face fractures are a piece of all problems in multiple trauma patients as the tip of iceberg. Early diagnosis of maxillary fractures and immediate treatment will prevent the future deformities and complications.

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Background: Proper nasal tip control is a difficult step in rhinoplasty. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two cartilage modifying methods, Septocolumellar Suture (SCS) and Lateral Crural Overlay (LCO), on nasal tip projection and rotation.
Methods: In a single-blinded clinical trial, 36 patients who were scheduled for nasal tip deprojection were enrolled. A profile photograph of face was taken from all the patients before and three months post operation. Nasofacial angles, TP:Ln ratio for assessing nasal tip projection, tip columellar angle and nasolabial angles for nasal tip rotation assessment were measured by a computer software. The patients were randomly divided into two groups that underwent open rhinoplasty.
Results: Both the LCO and SCS methods were accompanied by a significant reduction in nasofacial angle and TP:Ln ratio, there was raised nasolabial and rotation angle in comparison to preoperative values. The use of LCO method in comparison to SCS resulted in more increase in the nasolabial angle (11.83±3.05 Vs. 4.56±1.62 degree) and Rotation Angle (11.44±3.22 Vs. 1.56±1.04 degree) and resulted in more reduction in post-operative TP:Ln ratio in comparison to preoperative measures (-0.05±0.01 Vs. -0.03±0.01), however, the difference in the nasofacial angle was not significant.
Conclusion: Both cartilage modifying techniques resulted in significant reduction in the projection and increasing in the tip rotation. Lateral Crural Overlay (LCO) seems to be more effective than Septocolumellar Suture (SCS). Therefore, the SCS method is recommended for patients who need more nasal tip rotation and deprojection in rhinoplasty.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Anthropometric facial analysis and quantitative measurements are useful methods for diagnosis, as well as planning in plastic surgery. The literature is replete with numerous related studies, few of which are about the Iranian population. This study was conducted to determine the average facial proportions of Iranians and compare it with that of Caucasians. 
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenient sample of 212 Iranians (male=108, female=104) aged 18-30 years who did not have any previous major facial surgery or trauma and their past two generations were Iranian. Measurements between facial landmarks were determined and compared with Caucasians with Student and one sample t-tests (P<0.05, 95% CI). 
Results: The intercanthal (en-en) and eye widths (ex-en/R), forehead height 2 (tr-n), trichion-endocanthion (tr-en) and nasofacial and nasofrontal angles were not significantly different between the participating men and women but other facial measurements were significantly different (Р<0.05). The head (ft-ft), eye (ex-en/R/L) and nose widths (al-al) and upper face height (n-sto), nasofrontal angle and nasal tip protrusion in the study population were not significantly different from Caucasians. The upper lip (sn-sto), lower face (sn-gn) and forehead heights (tr-n) and nasofacial angle of the female participants were not significantly different from Caucasian women but other facial measurements were significantly different (Р<0.05).
Conclusion: Most facial anthropometric measurements of Iranian subjects were significantly different from those of Caucasians. More precise studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to reach a common conclusion on the facial anthropometric similarities or differences between the two populations.

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Chronic infections have been mentioned as one of the different etiologic factors related to PCOS. Due to the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection especially in developing countries, its probable role in the pathogenesis of PCOS and the limited information available in this area, serologic study of H.Pylori infection in patients with PCOS, was performed. Methods: This research was performed as a case control study from Dec 2010 until May 2012 in 82 patients (and their spouses) with polycystic ovary syndrome (case group) and 82 non PCOS patients (control group) with an age range of 20-40 referred to Vali-e-Asr Hospital infertility clinic. Both groups and their husbands filled a questionnaire and were examined by testing their serum H.Pylori IgG and IgA antibody levels. Statistical testing and analysis was performed by t-student and λ2 tests. Results: Mean age of the women and men and also other demographic characteristics except their profession showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the two groups (PCOS and non PCOS). H.Pylori antibody IgG serum level was positive in 78% and 76.5% and H.Pylori antibody IgA level in 30.5% and 37% of PCOS versus non PCOS patients respectively which showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference between the H.Pylori antibodies levels in the spouses in the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed no significant difference in serologic examination re-sults in PCOS versus non PCOS patients. The finding of high prevalence of H.Pylori IgG and IgA positive levels in both PCOS and non PCOS patients can be probably re-lated to the high prevalence of H.Pylori infection or exposure in Iranian population and therefore suggest an issue for further investigation.