Showing 13 results for Farhadi
M Farhadi , M Sharafi ,
Volume 55, Issue 3 (30 1997)
Abstract
This is a report of 30 cases of pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). 28 of these children had chronic sinusitis and 2 had acute sinusitis the most common chief complaints were: 1) Chronic Rhinorea 2) Nasal obstruction 3) Chronic cough. Systemic predisposing conditions were allergy in 7 pts and immotile cilliasyndrome in 2 pts, all of the procedures were performed under general anesthesia. The most common procedures were: 1) Resection of lateral part of the middle turbinate. 2) Antrostomy of the maxillary sinus. 3) Turbinoplasty of the inf turbinate. 4) Anterior erhnoidectomy, (Messerklinger, Approach). There were no kajor complication and only 3 cases of minor complication (2=regeneration of polipoid tissues, 1 synechia) occurred. The duration of follow up was from 6-18 mths recovery occurred in 26 pts. Two of the pts didn't respond because of severe allergy and were referred to immunologist for further therapy 2 others didn't respond appropriately because of immotile cilliasyndrome
Rabbani A, Azar Keiwan A, Farhadi Langeroudi M, Korosdari Gh.h,
Volume 58, Issue 3 (7 2000)
Abstract
Thalassemia is the most prevalent genetic disorder in Iran and around the world and these patients need regular careful care. The present study reports results of routine examination of patients visited Thalassemia clinic of Tehran. Data about clinical and laboratory examinations of 413 Thalassemic were extracted and analyzed. The prevalence of heart complications, diabetes, growth retardation, delayed puberty and primary and secondary amenorrhea was 9%, 8%, 21.3%, 3.1% and 6.3%, respectively. 44% didn't have secondary sex characteristics. Splenectomy had been done for 67.2% of cases. HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb were positive in 1.9%, 57.4% and 43%, respectively. We concluded that blood transfusion standards in this clinic was acceptable, whereas because of poor knowledge, iron chelating is unfavorable.
Ahmadi Shadmehri A, Nicknam Mh, Shokrgozar Ma, Mahmoudi M, Sarial Sh, Ahmadi Shadmehri A, Moradi B, Farhadi E, Amirzargar Aa,
Volume 68, Issue 2 (5 2010)
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with presumed autoimmune origin. T cells are considered to play a pivotal role in orchestrating the self-reactive immune responses in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study was performed to investigate the role of polymorphisms of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) gene on susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis.This gene codes an immunoreceptor named PD-1, which has a cytoplasmic domain containing two tyrosine residues located within immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory and switch motifs (ITIM and ITSM), suggesting that PD-1 is predominantly inhibitory which responsible for the negative regulation in T cell activation and peripheral tolerance. We investigated whether PD-1 gene polymorphism is a genetic modifier for risk and progression of MS.Methods: Blood samples from 150 Iranian Relapsing-Remitting MS patients (mean age,
34.98 years) and 202 healthy controls (mean age, 30 years) were enrolled in this study.The PD-1.3 (7146 G/A Intron 4) and PD-1.9 (7625 C/T Exon 5) polymorphisms were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Enzyme digestion or Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
Results: No significant association of the mutated alleles with the disease were detected. Because of the ethnic group genetic variation, our data is not like some of
Asian population such as Korea and China.Conclusions: Our data suggest that PD-1 polymorphisms are not act as genetic modifiers of the progression of MS, possibly these polymorphisms don't induce a partial defect in PD-1 mediated inhibition of T-cell activation.
Samileh Noorbakhsh , Mohammad Farhadi , Farideh Ebrahimi Taj, Zahra Hojaji , Azardokht Tabatabaei ,
Volume 68, Issue 8 (November 2010)
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infection. Pneumococcal upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in children is seldom bacteremic. Determination the prevalence of S.pneumoniae infections in children with URTI using rapid urinary antigen test (BINAX now) and titration of serum pneumolysin antibody (added to conventional culture) was the object of this study.
Methods: A cross sectional, case-control study done in ENT & pediatric departments of Rasoul Hospital in Tehran, Iran, (2008 -2010) upon 133 cases with upper respiratory tract infection (otitis media, sinusitis and tracheitis). The nosocomial infection omitted in first step. 60 remaining cases followed for S.pneumoniae infection by culture and rapid urinary antigen test (Binax Now). Serum pneumolysin antibody titers compared between 45 cases and 66 controls.
Results: Positive culture (S.pneumoniae, H.influenza) obtained in 4/60 URTI cases. Positive urinary S.pneumoniae antigen detected in 50% (30/60) of cases and 6% (4/66) of controls (p=0.01). The pneumolysin antibody level with cut-off level 525pg/ml was higher in URTI cases than controls (982±441 Vs. 525±42, p<0.0001). Area under the ROC curve for pneumolysin antibody was 0.923 (95%CI 0.86-0.97, p<0.0001) and had 87% sensitivity and 82% specificity for differentiation between cases and controls.
Conclusions: The high pneumolysin antibody level in cases with URTI strongly indicates the pneumococcal infection. Pneumolysin antibody level even in little amounts (525pg/ml) with 87% sensitivity and 82% specificity is a suitable test for diagnosis of pneumococcal infection in children with URTI, but this test should be added to conventional culture (gold standard) and rapid urinary antigen test.
Farhadi M, Tabatabaee A, Shekarabi M, Noorbaksh S, Khatib M, Javadinia Sh,
Volume 69, Issue 9 (6 2011)
Abstract
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Background: Too many studies are in the process
of determining the probable role of immune system in the etiopathogenesis of
nasal polyposis. This study was designed to identify the probable participation
of Th1, Th2 lymphocytes in the induction and progression
of nasal polyposis.
Methods: Seventy-five patients, 42 male and 33 female, with
nasal polyposis were examined for total serum IgE, specific serum IgE and reaction to skin test for differentiating allergic from
non-allergic participants in Rasoul Akram Hospital during 2010. To determine the possible correlation of allergic
reactions in the upper respiratory tract and nasal polyposis, cytokine gene
expression was evaluated on the extracted RNA by
RT-PCR. The data were analyzed by using c2, independent t-test, correlation and
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
curve.
Results: The mean
age of participants was 38 years (18-81 years). IFN-γ
and IL-4 gene expressions were more prevalent
in allergic than non-allergic individuals (IFN-γ:
39.5% vs. 14.2%, P=0.3 and IL-4: 44.7% vs. 18.9%, P=0.02, respectively). IL-10 and IL-12 (P35 and P40 fractions) genes were not
significantly different between the two groups. IL-10 and IL-12 (P35, P40) genes did not differ significantly either.
Conclusion: This research suggests that overproduction of
cytokines and an imbalance of Th1
and Th2 cell production may
play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic or non-allergic nasal
polyp formation. Thus, although nasal polyposis is a multifactorial disease
with several different etiological factors, chronic persistent inflammation is
undoubtedly a major factor irrespective of the etiology.
Farhadi M, Tabatabaee A, Shekarabi M, Noorbakhsh S, Javadi Nia Sh, Ghavami Gh,
Volume 70, Issue 7 (6 2012)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus secretes numerous superantigenes which trigger the inflammatory mechanisms of sinus mucosa and cause chronic rhino-sinusitis. This study was designed to evaluate the role of staphylococcus aureus superantigens in polyp tissues of patients with chronic rhino-sinusitis in comparison with a control group.
Methods: Polyp tissue samples of 28 patients and mucosal specimens of 19 healthy individuals were evaluated for staphylococcus aureus bacterium superantigens, exotoxins A, B, C and D and TSST-1 with RT-PCR and ELISA methods Rasoul Akram Hospital during 2 years.
Results: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results revealed that 88.2% of the patients and 45.5% of the controls had at least one type of superantigen (P=0.03). Evaluation of superantigens using ELISA method showed presence of at least one type of superantigen in the nasal samples of all patients and in 35.3% of the controls (P<0.001).
Conclusion: A relationship between staphylococcal superantigens and nasal polyps is concluded from this study which indicates the probable role of these superantigens in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.
Noorbakhsh S, Farhadi M, Tabatabaei A,
Volume 70, Issue 12 (5 2013)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcal superantigens (SAg&aposs) may have some role in otitis media with effusion (OME). The aim of this study was the search of staphylococcal SAg&aposs in middle ear effusion of children with OME.
Methods: This cross sectional-analytic study was done in ENT & pediatric wards upon 64 children with otitis media with effusion (OME) between 1-15 years, (mean age=7.42+4 years) of Rasoul Akram University Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2009-2011. Fifty six percent (36) of cases were male, 43.8% (28) were female. Staphylococcal SAg&aposs Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1), Staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B, C, D (Enzyme immune assay, AB Cam, USA) were detected in middle ear effusion samples after conventional culture.
Results: None type of SAg&aposs found in 39% of OME cases, enterotoxin B found in: 22% enterotoxin A: 17%, enterotoxin C: 15.6%, enterotoxin D: 12.5%, Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1): 7.8% Mean age of cases with positive TSST-1, enterotoxin A, B, C, and D was: 1, 5, 8.6, 9.6 and 9.6 years respectively. Positive TSST had no agreement with positive enterotoxin A and C but had weak agreement with type B and D. Mean age of cases with positive TSST was one years which had significant difference with (7.9 years) in cases with negative TSST test (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: At least one or more type of staphylococcal toxins had found in middle ear effusion of 70% of OME cases with negative culture for Staphylococcus aureus. Even in culture negative cases, staphylococcal toxins might have some immunologic role in middle ear effusion forming. Finding the SAg&aposs (at least one type) are important for treatment of immunosuppressive or corticosteroid in cases with resistant OME.
Farhadi M, Tabatabaei A, Shekarabi M, Noorbakhsh S, Shokrollahi Mr, Javadi Nia Sh, Faramarzi M,
Volume 71, Issue 1 (4 2013)
Abstract
Background: Tonsils and adenoid hypertrophy is a major respiratory symptom in children which is partly due to recruitment of inflammatory cells in upper airway lymph nodes as a result of the effects of synthesis and release of different inflammatory cytokines. It seems that infections play role in concert with these cytokines leading to tonsilar hypertrophy and other pathologic consequences. It is proposed that cellular infiltrate of tonsils and adenoids may secrete different quantities of these cytokines compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures.
Methods: Among patients who were admitted for adenotonsillectomy to the ENT ward, 37 patients, under 1-12 years old patients with fulfill criteria selected to include the study. Excised adenoid and tonsils cultured and inflammatory cytokines Interferon-γ (INF-γ), Interlukine-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) measured in cellular culture supernatant. The same cytokines measured in PBMC cultures.
Results: The data shows that there is a significant difference between IFN-γ and IL-8 amounts in adenoid tissue culture supernatant and PBMC culture of our patients. Furth-ermore, the amounts of IFN-γ, IL-1 and IL-8 showed considerable difference between tonsilar tissue culture supernatant and PBMC culture of these patients. Although there is a significant correlation between IL-6 amounts in tissue culture supernatant and PBMC culture (P=0.02), the respective data for TNF is only almost significant.
Conclusion: Inflammatory cytokines may have significant role in the early provoke of inflammation occurred in hypertrophied tonsils and adenoid. The majority of these cyt-okines increase the expression of adhesion molecules on epithelial cells and influence the recruitment of leucocytes and inflamed tonsils. On the other hand lack of sufficient cytokine release may lead to persistent infections and may cause chronic inflammation and hypertrophied tissue.
Mohammad Farhadi, Mehdi Shekarabi, Shima Javadinia, Samileh Noorbaksh, Mahmood Faramarzi, Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi, Azardokht Tabatabaee,
Volume 71, Issue 8 (November 2013)
Abstract
Background: Nasal polyp (NP) is a benign mucosal mass located in both sinuses and nares which is mostly seen in association with cystic fibrosis, asthma or oversensitivity to aspirin. The prominent histological feature of NP is inflammatory cell infiltration with eosinophil predominance. Superantigens role in causing NP complications is already proven. Superantigens, which are mostly originated from Streptococci and Staphylococci, activate T cells strongly and increase the process of production and release of cytokines, and secretion of IgE from B cells, which in turn directly affects proinflammatory cells such as eosinophils, both in their tissues infiltration and functions.
Methods: The samples are collected from patients referring to ENT clinic in Rasoul Akram training Hospital in Tehran after thorough clinical and paraclinical examinations. For control group the samples collected from patients undergoing rhinoplasty. All the samples kept frozen and sent to immunology lab. The DNA of the excised tissues extracted and amplified by using the superantigens specific primers and PCR product detected by gel electrophoresis. The date analyzed by using mean and SD and χ2 analytical tools.
Results: Fifteen healthy individuals, 25 patients with rhinosinusitis and 24 with polyposis entered this trial. Group A Streptococcus toxin detection was significantly more frequent in those with nasal polyp and rhinosinusitis compared to healthy individuals (P=0.001 and 0.005, respectively), but the results were almost the same for those with nasal polyp and rhinosinusitis (P=0.4).
Conclusion: Streptococci may play an important role in induction or clinical exacerbation of polyposis and group A Streptococcus pyogenes exotoxin (SPEs) with superantigenic effects may have a crucial role in etiology and pathogenesis of polyps with or without rhinosinusitis. It is postulated that, T cells polyclonal activation by SPEs may cause recruitment of inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa. These inflammatory cells include IgE producing B cells laeding to allergic and inflammatory reactions in NP.
Mohammad Farhadi , Ahmad Daneshi , Shima Javadi-Nia, Mohammad Nabavi , Ramin Asgarian, Mahmood Faramarzi , Azardokh Tabatabaie ,
Volume 73, Issue 2 (May 2015)
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cause various diseases especially gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be done in different ways, and new diagnostic methods are under study .This study aimed to assess the levels of interleukin (IL) 6, 17 and 23 in the middle ear effusion of patients with otitis media, and the association between these levels with H. pylori infection.
Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in 40 patients who nominated for ventilation tube (VT) placement due to otitis media with effusion, and admitted to ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from March 2012 to August 2013. All of patients underwent myringotomy with VT insertion, and then aspirated effusion sample was tested. H. pylori infection diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture. The concentration of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of each interleukins were compared between the two positive and negative PCR groups.
Results: In all of samples, PCR test result was positive in 22.5%. The mean and standard deviation of IL-6 level was 10.11±2.95, IL-17 was 5.89±0.91 and IL-23 was 4.07±1.34. The mean±standard deviation (SD) of IL-6 level in patients with a positive PCR (H. pylori) was 22.29±6.40 and in patients with a negative PCR was 6.16±3.88 that difference was significant (P=0.01). The mean±SD of IL-17 level in patients with a positive PCR was 6.16±1.29 and in patients with a negative PCR was 5.81±1.13 that difference was not significant (P=0.42). The mean±SD of IL-23 level in patients with a positive PCR was 6.15±3.77 and in patients with a negative PCR was 3.42±1.33 that difference was not significant (P=0.27).
Conclusion: According to finding, association between H. pylori infection and increased levels of IL-6 in the middle ear effusion was approved. It is recommended to conduct researches aimed to identify other cytokines as inflammatory markers.
Mahmoud Ebrahimi , Mohammad Karimi , Faranak Dehghani , Amir Biriaei , Nafiseh Farhadian, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh ,
Volume 77, Issue 3 (June 2019)
Abstract
Background: Sesame oil can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, by reducing the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII. The aim of this study is to prepare a microemulsion containing sesame oil as a drug nanocarrier for improving the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of this vegetable oil on the reduction of the fibrinogen and factor VII levels in animal model.
Methods: This experimental study was performed for microemulsion preparation and animal test at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Cardiovascular Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, respectively, from April 2015 to January 2017. To prepare the microemulsion samples, Tween 80 and span 80 were selected as surfactant couple and surfactant ratios of 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1 were determined for construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The Zealand white rabbits were categorized in three groups: receiver of base diet group, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus microemulsion.
Results: The average particle size of the samples was in the range of 16.64±0.1 to 21.16±0.2 nm with a uniform particle size distribution. Zeta potential was in the range of -10.7 to 18.4 mV, refraction index was approximately 1.39. Electrical conductivity coefficient was in the range of 297 to 311 μz and pH of all the samples were approximately 6.42 for all samples. All of the microemulsion samples were physically stable and the prepared sample with 9:1 surfactant ratio was selected to investigate the animal test due to the higher oil percentage in comparison with the other samples that be stable over 6 months. Significant decrease in the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII in the third group of rabbits was observed compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the effective performance of nanostructured drug delivery systems in the form of microemulsion to improve the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of hydrophobic compounds such as vegetable oils.
Bahram Farhadi Moghadam , Masoud Fereidoni,
Volume 78, Issue 9 (December 2020)
Abstract
Background: The endocannabinoid system interacts with the vanilloid and opioid systems. The current study aims to investigate the effects of the extract obtained from the heated
Cannabis Sativa female flower base either with capsaicin at the spinal cord level or naloxone at the systemic level on the intensity of chemical and thermal pain sensation.
Methods: This experimental study was performed in the Department of Biology at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad from April 2014 to March 2015 using adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) categorized into groups of 7 animals. In addition to the control and sham (solvent of chemicals) groups, groups with intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg of the hydroalcoholic extract, 2 mg/kg of naloxone alone and naloxone together with extract were investigated. Moreover, intrathecal administration groups including the concentration of 0.01 mg/ 10 μl of extract, the concentration of 0.002 mg/10 μl of capsaicin alone and the extract together with capsaicin were evaluated. To measure the thermal pain threshold, a tail-flick test was used and to measure the chemical pain intensity, the formalin test was utilized. The obtained data were analyzed statically.
Results: Intrathecal administration of the extract together with capsaicin led to a significant reduction of thermal hyperalgesia (P<0.001) and chemical hyperalgesia (P<0.001) induced by intrathecal administration of capsaicin. On the other hand, intraperitoneal administration of naloxone together with the extract did not effect on the thermal pain threshold. While the administration of naloxone increased the severity of chemical pain during the acute phase compared to the group treated with the extract alone (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The phytocannabinoids of the flower extract may have inhibited capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia via cannabinoid receptors activation and the TRPV1 receptor desensitization. Naloxone administration has also been able to attenuate the analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic flower extract during the acute phase of chemical pain. Probably the extract is thought to exert part of its effect on pain through opioid receptors. |
Samileh Noorbakhsh, Mohammad Farhadi , Sara Minaeian, Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad ,
Volume 81, Issue 3 (June 2023)
Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections in newborns which can lead to long-term complications in more than half of the cases with symptomatic infection at birth time. Unfortunately, neonates with congenital CMV infection will mostly remain undiagnosed because the golden time for detection is limited to the first 3 weeks of infants' life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of congenital CMV infection in newborns admitted to intensive care units of hospitals in Tehran, Iran and assess related risk factors associated with the infection.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study from April to October 2017, newborns within the first three weeks of life who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were eligible for enrollment. CMV infection in neonates was diagnosed through testing infants' Guthrie cards and detection of viral DNA via an in-house nested-PCR assay. Congenital CMV infection in neonates with positive results was confirmed by testing urine specimens as a sensitive and gold standard sample. Related data (demographic and maternal factors) were collected by questionnaires and analyzed.
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Results: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection was diagnosed in 8 of 63 newborns (12.7%). Hearing loss was seen in 2 infected infants. The mean of head circumferences among infected neonates was significantly lower than that observed in uninfected cases. Infants with CMV related symptoms had statistically more chance to have infection (P=0.02). We also found Guthrie cards as a reliable sample with high sensitivity for CMV detection assays.
Conclusion: The current study showed a high rate of symptomatic congenital CMV infection among neonates attending on NICU sections of hospitals in Tehran, Iran. It is of crucial importance to note that based on evidence, diagnosis of infants with congenital CMV infection at early stages could help to decrease the burden of long-term diseases if associated with prompt interventions and reduce the costs of late-ineffective treatment. Therefore, routine screening of newborns for congenital CMV infection via Guthrie cards is suggested.
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