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Showing 23 results for Farzaneh
Salmonella enteritidis and antibiotic resistance patterns: a study on 1950 children with diarrhea
Saeed Eshraghi, Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dalall, Fatemeh Fardsanei, Taghi Zahraii Salehi, Reza Ranjbar, Bahram Nikmanesh, Farzaneh Aminharati, Zahra Abdosamadi, Abolfazl Akbari,
Volume 67, Issue 12 (6 2010)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Salmonellosis is a bacterial gasteroenteritis caused by different serovars of Salmonella. In the recent years, Salmonella enterica subspecies. Enterica serovar enteritidis is a major cause of gastroenteritis and food poisoning in the worldwide.  Different genus of salmonella is increasingly being resistant to common antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica isolated from medical health centers in Tehran.

Methods: In this descriptive cross- sectional study from April to December 2008, 1950 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea were cultivated to identify Salmonella enteritidis. We used Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocol to determine resistance patern of the isolates to 16 different antibiotics.

Results: In this study, out of 26 isolates 14(54%) were S. enteritidis, 2(8%) S. para B, 6(23%) S. para C, 3(11%) S. arizonea and 1(4%) S. para A. all of them were sensitive to ceftazidime, cephalexin, cefotaxime, ceftiraxone, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin and colistin sulfate. All of the isolates were resistant to nitrofurantoin whereas 71.4% of them were resistant to nalidixic acid.

Conclusions: The most prevalent isolated salmonella was S.enteritidis. According to high sensivity of these isolates to cephalosporin and flourqouinolon family, they can used as infective treatment for salmonellosis infections.


The effect of adding hyoscine to vaginal misoprostol on abortion induction success rate
Tehranian A, Beigishah F, Moini A, Arab M, Farzaneh F,
Volume 68, Issue 4 (6 2010)
Abstract
Background: Intravaginal misoprostol has been shown to be an effective agent forcervical ripening and induction of labor. The aim of present study was to assess the effects of adding hyoscine to vaginal misoprostol on its success rate. Methods: In a clinical trial, 74 women who were referred to undergo legal induction of labor during first pregnancy trimester in Arash Hospital, in Tehran, Iran, between March 2006 and March 2007 were enrolled, and were randomly divided in to two groups of misoprostol (400 μg/4h, vaginal) (n=37) or misoprostol (400 μg/4h, vaginal) plus hyoscine (20 mg IV) (n=37). Their complications including nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, need for analgesics, diarrhea, vaginal bleeding, decline in hemoglobin more than 3 g/dl, need for blood transfusion and failure of treatment according to the failure of induction of labor or cervical opening in 24 hours after starting treatment and the total duration of hospitalization were compared between groups. Results: There were no significant differences between groups regarding the rate of side effects like nausea, abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. In misoprostol plus hyoscine group, the success rate in abortion was significantly higher (40.5% vs. 18.9%, p=0.04) and total duration of hospitalization were significantly lower (1.16±0.41 vs. 1.42±0.45 days, p=0.01). There was no case of fever, need for blood transfusion or significant vaginal bleeding in both groups. Conclusions: Adding 20 mg hyoscine via IV rout to vaginal misoprostol will raise the success rate in induction of abortion, and decreases the total duration of hospitalization without adding adverse effects.
Developmental outcome of low birth-weight and preterm newborns: a re-view of current evidence
Farin Soleimani, Farzaneh Zaheri, Fatemeh Abdi,
Volume 71, Issue 9 (December 2013)
Abstract

Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are one the most important causes of death in the world and therefore are considered as one of the major health problems. Global statistics demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of low birth weight in the developing countries. Low birth weight infants are exposed to complications such as major neurosensory impairements, cerebral palsy, cognitive and language delays, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness and hearing loss, behavioral and psychosocial disorders, learning difficulties and dysfunction in scholastic performances. The majority of infant's death and developmental disorders were due to disorders relating to prematurity and unspecified low birth weight. Infants weighing less than 2500 g, is a major determinant of both neonatal and infant mortality rates and, together with congenital anomalies (e.g., cardiac, central nervous system, and respiratory), contributes significantly to childhood morbidity. Various studies indicate that low birth weight infants are suffering from physiological and psychosocial disabilities, two to three times more than the other children. At school age, preterm and low birth weight infants have poorer physical growth, cognitive function, and school performance. These disadvantages appear to persist into adulthood and therefore have broad implications for society. Although the survival rates have increased dramatically and the incidence of morbidities has decreased, the complications are still considered to be associated with economical and social burdens. Most children with Low birth weight suffer from multiple disabilities. Therefore, they need special and consistent care. On demand of reducing the infant mortality rate, the need to decrease the complications in low birth weight and preterm infants should be considered by the policy makers in health care system. In this review article, we assessed current evidences on developmental outcomes of low birth weight and preterm newborns.


Metastatic choriocarcinoma in the small bowel: a case report
Zohreh Yousefi , Sedighe Ghasemian Mehrdizaj , Mohamad Bidar Frimany , Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari ,
Volume 72, Issue 5 (August 2014)
Abstract
cBackground: Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease. It is characterized by metastatic potential, rapid growth and deeply invasion into blood vessel and then widespread dissemination metastasis. However, the most common sites of metastatic choriocarcinoma are lung, vagina, liver, and brain. But, metastatic choriocarcinomas rarely is extended to gastrointestinal system. It is im-portant to keep in mind that despite extensive metastasis, choriocarcinoma is very curable disease. Due to high responsibility of this disease, early diagnosis of choriocarcinoma and treatment with chemotherapy can prevent mortality and morbidity of these patients. In this case report, we present a rare case of metastatic choriocarcinoma in the small bowel after normal term pregnancy. Case Presentation: A 34-years-old woman G4, P4, L4 presented with abnormal postpar-tum vaginal bleeding (45 days) and unresponsive to usual medical and surgical therapy (oxytocine, metergene, antibiotic, and double curettage). The patient was admitted in the Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in April 2013. She suf-fered from rectal hemorrhage and severe weakness. Because of unsuitable condition (shock), laparotomy was performed and small bowel involvement was observed. Seg-mental resection of small bowel detected metastatic choriocarcinoma of the lesion. We couldn’t rescue our patient due to unresponsive to combination chemotherapy (actino-mycine, methotrexate, cyclophosfamide, vincrystine, etopuside). Conclusion: In abnormal postpartum hemorrhage, we should consider the possibility of choriocarcinoma. Although, it is important to note rare manifestations of metastatic choriocarcinoma of small bowel in massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Endometrial morphology following repeated ovarian stimulation in mouse
Zohreh Alizadeh, Zohreh Kheradmand, Maryam Bahmanzadeh, Maryam Sohrabi , Farzaneh Esna Ashari, Arash Dehghan Dehghan,
Volume 72, Issue 6 (September 2014)
Abstract
Background: Gonadotropins are commonly used for superovulation in human and animals to retrieve more oocyte and increase chance of pregnancy. Ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction technology produces lower implantation rates per embryo transferred than natural and ovum donation cycles, suggesting suboptimal endometrial development due to the hormones used to recruit more oocytes. Due to the frequent use of gonadotropins in the treatment of infertility in successive periods, the aim of this study was to determine the endometrial changes in response to repeated ovarian stimulation. Methods: This experimental interventional study has done in research center of Hamadan university of medical sciences in 2012. NMRI female mice six weeks old were used in this study and divided into 7 groups (5 each). The mice in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 received 1, 2, 3 and 4 times pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and 48 hours later 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) respectively. For each group were considered a control group which received on time gonadortropin injection. The mouses were killed 13-16 hours after hCG injection and middle part of uterine horn cut for histological study using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The parameters that studied were surface epithelium of endometrium, glandular epithelium, and endometrial height and axis of uterine gland. Results: Our results showed that there are no significant differences in glandular epithelium, axis of glands and height of endometrium in experimental groups (P>0.05). The height of surface epithelium showed significant increases after ovarian stimulation in experiment group (P≤0.03). Our results showed that there are no significant differences in glandular epithelium, axis of glands, height of endometrium and height of surface epithelium between control groups and also it's experimental group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Changes in the height of surface epithelium could be one of the reasons for decrease implantation rates with repeated ovarian stimulation.
Comparative study on cytotoxicity effect of biological and commercial synthesized nanosilver on human gastric carcinoma and normal lung fibroblast cell lines
Mohammad Ali Rashmezad , Elahe Ali Asgary, Farzaneh Tafvizi , Seyed Ataollah Sadat Shandiz, Amir Mirzaie ,
Volume 72, Issue 12 (March 2015)
Abstract
Background: Biosynthesis of nanoparticles has attracted the attention of the scientific community in nanotechnology and biotechnology due to their extensive application in the area of material sciences and medicine. Nowadays, despite a various application of nanomaterial’s, there is a little information about their impact on human health. In this study, we investigated the comparative study on cytotoxicity effect of biological and commercial synthesized nanosilver on human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and normal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell lines. Methods: The current experimental study was carried out in Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, from April to November 2014. The biological synthesis of nanosilver was obtained from Eucalyptus plant extract as a reducing agent. Further to more analysis, morphological study on size and shape of developed biological nanosilver was characterized by performing scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. AGS and MCR-5 cell lines were treated with various concentration of nanosilver for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Finally, the cell viability was evaluated by using MTT assay. Results: The results show that the nanosilver exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on viability of cells. At 100µg/mL of commercial and biological synthesized nanosilver, the viability of AGS was reduced to 7.47±0.002% (P=0.002) and 3.65±0.01% (P=0.003) after 72 hours, respectively. In addition, the viability of MRC-5 at the same condition was reduced to 10.27±0.19% (P=0.001) and 9.16±1.53% (P=0.002), respectively. Conclusion: Based on a thorough literature surveys, the present study is the first research about biosynthesis of nanosilver using Eucalyptus plant extract. This eco-friendly and cost effective method can be used for large scale production of silver nanoparticle. In addition, based on the current obtained data, commercial and biological synthesized nanosilver can more inhibitory effect on cancer cells compared to the normal cells. Hence, silver nanoparticles might be used as a new strategy for treating many human cancers. However, further studies are necessary to ascertain their potential as anticancer agents.
TSGA10, as a Cancer/Testis gene: review article
Farzaneh Rahmani Rad, Maryambeigom Mobasheri, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi ,
Volume 73, Issue 4 (July 2015)
Abstract
Cancer/Testis antigens (CTAs) as a group of tumor antigens are the novel subjects for developing cancer vaccine and immunotherapy approaches. They aberrantly express in tumors with highest normal expression in testis, and limited or no expression in normal tissues. There are important similarities between the processes of germ-cell and cancer cell development Spermatogenesis begins at puberty when expression of novel cell-surface antigens occurs when the immune system has been refined the ability to distinguish self from non-self. Whereas macrophage and lymphocytes are commonly found within interstitial spaces of the testis, these antigen-presenting cells are rarely seen within the seminiferous tubules. These observations have led to the concept of the immune privileged site for testis. Localized normal expression of the CT genes in testis that makes them immunogenic for immune system, in one side, and their abnormal expression in different kinds of cancer cells, in the other side, has make them as promising target for developing cancer vaccines and new cancer therapeutics approaches. In malignancies, gene regulation is disrupted which results aberrant expression of CT antigen in a proportion of tumors of various types. For some CTAs, data support their fundamental role in tumorigenesis. Several authors believe it is not clear whether they have an essential role in tumorigenesis or they are by-products of chromatin variations in cancer. There is a growing list of CTAs within them advanced clinical trials are running by using some of them in cancers like lung cancer, malignant melanoma and neuroblastoma. In this review we discuss the gene TSGA10 as an example of CT genes. TSGA10 expresses in its highest levels in elongating spermatids and localized in the fibrous sheath of mature sperm. This gene is proposed as a serological biomarker in cutaneous lymphoma. Its abnormal expression has been reported in different cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, breast, brain, gastrointestinal and a range of other cancers either in mRNA or protein levels. It has an important role in angiogenesis in cancer tumors because of its effects in the gene hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1). Absence or lack of TSGA10 expression has been reported in ascosporic infertile men.
Brucella contamination in raw milk by polymerase chain reaction
Mohammad Khalili , Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian , Farzaneh Salari Aliabadi , Jalil Abshenas ,
Volume 74, Issue 7 (October 2016)
Abstract

Background: Human brucellosis is a significant public health problem in many middle east countries including Iran. Brucella organisms, which are small aerobic, facultative intracellular coccobacilli, localize in the reproductive organs of host animals, causing abortions and sterility. They are shed in large numbers in the animal’s urine, milk, placental fluid, and other fluids. Dairy product from raw milk are a potential threat to public health in endemic developing countries. The gold standard for the diagnosis of brucellosis is isolation of Brucella species. However, isolation Brucella species is time consuming and needed to level 3 biocontainment facilities and highly skilled technical personnel to handle samples and live bacteria for eventual identification. Handling Brucella species increase risk of laboratory infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high sensitivity and specifity overcomed to these disadvantages. The aim of this study was to detect Brucella species in milk from dairy cattle farms in Kerman province, Iran by PCR technique.

Methods: Forty and eight bulk tank milk (BTM) were collected from October 2015 to March 2016 from 48 dairy cattle farm including 4200 cows. DNA of milk samples extracted by lysis buffer and proteinase K method. All milk samples were examined by PCR to detect Brucella-specific DNA targeting IS 711. Positive samples must be showed 317 bp amplified, corresponding to the expected size of the IS 711 genome region in all Brucella species.

Results: Using IS711 primer were detected in 4 samples (8.3%) Brucella spp. from 48 BTM samples in this area.

Conclusion: The results indicate that brucellosis by Brucella species is endemic in the Kerman province dairy farms. Consumption of raw milk dairy products by individual farmers operating under poor hygienic conditions represents an high risk to public health. The need for implementing control measures and raising public awareness on zoonotic transmission of brucellosis are recommended. Vaccination of cattle is recommended for control of bovine brucellosis in enzootic areas with high prevalence rates.


Conservative management of invasive placental adhesion by prophylactic uterine artery embolization before cesarean section: report of 2 cases
Leila Pourali , Atiyeh Vatanchi , Sedigheh Ayati , Masoud Pezeshkirad , Farzaneh Hashemnia ,
Volume 75, Issue 7 (October 2017)
Abstract
Background: Abnormal placental adhesion refers to abnormal placental implantation in which the anchoring placental villi attach to myometrium and even uterine serosa which may invade the bladder and bowels. One of the most important complications of these abnormalities is severe hemorrhage during placental removing which may even necessitate cesarean hysterectomy. Since uterine conservation is an important issue especially in young women at reproductive age, conservative management has a cardinal role to reduce bleeding during surgery. Uterine artery embolization as the first line conservative approach is reserved for women that fertility preservation is very important or whom the risk of severe bleeding during cesarean section is very high due to abnormal placental adhesion. Use of embolization in unstable patients is limited because it usually cannot be performed as rapidly as other measures. The aim of this study was to report two cases of uterine artery embolization before cesarean section in pregnant women with abnormal placental adhesions.
Case presentation: Two 35 and 37-year-old pregnant women at gestational age of 34 weeks diagnosed as placenta previa and abnormal placental adhesion (placenta percreta) who intended to preserve their fertility underwent bilateral uterine artery embolization before cesarean section in Ghaem hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran at September 2016. Bleeding during surgery was significantly decreased and uterine preservation was successfully preformed without any serious complications during and after the surgery. In the next follow-ups, they had normal menstruation about two months after the cesarean section. 
Conclusion: In placental adhesive disorders, uterine artery embolization at the time of cesarean section could significantly decrease bleeding during surgery, so uterine and fertility preservation could be performed in this situation.
 

The effect of probiotics on signaling pathways of genes involved in depression: review article
Sahar Farzaneh, Farzaneh Tafvizi ,
Volume 76, Issue 3 (June 2018)
Abstract
Depression is the psychological disorder which caused by chronic stress and extensive communication network between the gastrointestinal system via the “gut–brain-microbiota axis”. Depression can systematically activate/deactivate many genes and signaling molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease. Whereas, most of the anti-depressant drugs suppress the depression symptoms by altering the neurotransmitters activity; studies on probiotics have shown the anti-depressant potential of them. Nutritional psychiatry is a field of psychiatry that investigates the relationship between dietary patterns and risk of mental disorders. The special type of probiotic has been identified to improve a number of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, gastrointestinal infections, cancers, reduction of allergies and mood disorders such as depression. There is an evidence about therapeutic effects of probiotics in symptoms of depression, but because of the low number of samples, the limitation in use of different strains of bacteria and the limited laboratory equipment, it is difficult to make a definitive view about these results and need to more clinical study to determine the effective dose of probiotics in the treatment of depression. The articles related to this subject were collected from reliable database till the 2017 year, new studies and reviews articles which determine the effects of probiotics on the treatment of digestive and neurological diseases. The objective of this review is to study the current clinical research about the effects of probiotics in the treatment of symptoms of depression and discuss future directions in this field. Most of the studies demonstrated probiotics’ ability to improving mood, change behavior and improve the symptoms of stress and depression such as insomnia by increasing of serotonin and reducing of inflammation; and modulation of emotional behavior with effect on specific cytokines in brain. It has been discovered that probiotics have therapeutic effects extend beyond the gut and into the central nervous system by influence signaling pathways. In conclusion, it seems they have the potential to be used as a dietary supplement to optimize and enriched the food products and effective step in the prevention and treatment of various disorders in the nervous system instead of chemical drugs.

An overview of nanoparticles and their application to drug delivery in cancer: review article
Farzaneh Naserian , Fatemeh Heshmati , Maryam Mehdizadeh Omrani, Reza Salarian ,
Volume 76, Issue 4 (July 2018)
Abstract
Today, nanoscience has grown and developed in various medical and therapeutic areas, including cancer treatment. On the other hand, cancer and its types have been rumored and inclusive and many people suffer from this fatal and deadly disease. Currently, existing therapeutic method, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and etc., along with the therapeutic effect, cause complications that are unpleasant for patients. Hence, scientists and researchers are looking to develop and improve treatment options and methods to deal with this serious disease. Today, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become widespread, and its various fields, including nanoparticles, are widely used for a variety of applications, especially for delivery of drugs and diagnostic items and imaging cases. Nanotechnology-based release systems have a significant impact on the release of cancer drugs. Advances in bio-materials and bio-engineering are contributing to new approaches to nanoparticles that may create a new way for the improvement of cancer patients. Nano-technology in the drug release system has had a great impact on the selection of cancer cells, the release of a targeted drug, and overcoming the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. At the present many drug delivery systems are now made of nanoparticles, and various substances have been used as drug-stimulating agents or as a reinforcing agent to improve the efficacy of the treatment and durability and stability and also the safety of anticancer drugs. The materials used to release cancer drugs are divided into various categories such as polymer, magnetic, biomolecules. In the meantime, polymer nanoparticles have been organized in the carriers of anti-cancer nanoparticles due to the process of easy production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Although the loading of hydrophilic compounds is still confronted with limitations, due to the diversity of nanoparticle structures, it is possible to encapsulate various molecules. Also, surface changes and modification such as binding to antibodies and target ligands can also be applied to these materials, to act as target drug delivery to increase the effectiveness of treatment process. In this article, we will have an overview of cancer disease and cancer drugs and also nanoparticles and their contribution to cancer treatment.

A cross- specialty analysis of relative values in the new version of Iranian relative values for physician
Farzaneh Mohammadi , Mahyar Imanpour , Reza Rezayatmand ,
Volume 77, Issue 5 (August 2019)
Abstract
Background: The new version of relative values of diagnostic medical services was published in 2014. It was criticized that the previous edition was suffering from an imbalance between relative values related to various specialties and sub-specialties. The main aim of the new edition of the book was to address this problem by providing more balance relative values related to various specialties and sub-specialties. So far, there have not been studies to analyze to what extent the new addition has been succeeded to reach its main goals. The aim of this study was to provide a cross-specialty analysis of the new edition of Iranian relative values for physicians. To our knowledge, this analysis has been performed for the first time in Iran.
Methods: Having reviewed description for each relative value, each of them has been assigned to one or more corresponding specialty or subspecialty. Only relative values for surgical operations were considered and finally 3238 procedures have been recognized to be included in the analysis. The latest version of Iranian relative values for physician was considered for this analysis. In order to compare the average relative values among various specialties and subspecialties, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test was used.
Results: Oral and maxillofacial surgery and neurosurgery get the highest (62.81, 60.47 (P<0.001)) and ophthalmology and obstetrics and gynecology get the lowest (28.95, 28.81 (P<0.001)) average relative value. Cardiovascular surgery and plastic surgery get the highest and the lowest (85.25, 50.51 (P<0.001)) average among subspecialties, respectively.
Conclusion: The average relative values are significantly different among specialties and subspecialties. Seeing the difference, itself sounds logical as the job of relative values are to make a difference based on various criteria such as the time and skill needed for each operation, the potential risk for patient and provider it may have, etc. The results of this study provide evidences on how much these differences are. However, if these differences are as there should be needs to be analyzed by further research.

Diagnosis of bacteremia in patients with suspected septicemia using polymerase chain reaction method
Azam Shiralinezhad , Farzaneh Firoozeh , Mansooreh Momen Heravi, Esmat Aghadavod , Mojtaba Sehat ,
Volume 77, Issue 10 (January 2020)
Abstract
Background: Sepsis or blood stream infection is a clinical lethal syndrome with severe systemic inflammatory response to infection, if not treated quickly, is associated with dangerous consequences and high morbidity and mortality. The traditional and conventional method for identification of sepsis is blood culture method which is so time-consuming and long that it eliminates the possibility of rapid treatment. Although, new molecular methods, due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and speed, lead to the rapid and accurate and exact detection of bacterial sepsis within only a few hours. The aim of this study was diagnosis of bacteremia in patients with suspected sepsis using amplification of 23S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in two clinical and analytical steps at Shahid Beheshti University Hospital in Kashan City, Iran, in twelve months from November 2016 to December 2017. The blood samples of two hundred and fifty-six patients with suspected sepsis admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital were studied by PCR method using specific primers of 23S rRNA gene of the bacteria.
Results: The finding of molecular assays using PCR showed that of 256 blood samples that were collected from patients with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis, 80 (30.2%) diagnosed with bacteremia. Of these patients diagnosed with sepsis, 46 out of 80 (57.5%) were male while 34 out of 80 (42.5%) were female. The most PCR positive results were obtained among patients with diabetes and bedsore as underlying diseases (21.3%). Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between results of molecular methods by PCR assays and history of antibiotic use. 
Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study showed that the molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction using universal 23S rRNA primers is an appropriated test for diagnosis of bacteremia in blood samples of patients with suspected sepsis.

Designing of immuno-capture ELISA assay kit for rabies vaccine potency
Farzaneh Sheikholeslami , Safoora Gharibzadeh , Gharibzadeh , Nargess Miyandehi , Farzaneh Ahmadnejad , Saeed Godeyri Eslami , Javad Vaez , Ali Moradi ,
Volume 77, Issue 12 (March 2020)
Abstract
Background: Potency evaluation of rabies vaccine is a cheap, fast, high precision and consistent with ethical values is critical, so researchers have modified a variety of methods such as: National Institute of Health (NIH) method, Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) and so on. The purpose of the present study was to replace an in vitro method consistent with medical ethics criteria instead of an in vivo method. By recognizing that the potency of the rabies vaccine depends on the amount of glycoprotein antigen content and the monoclonal antibody detect the correct folding of antigen of the rabies virus, then the glycoprotein content could be represent of vaccine potency.
Methods: In this study, we designed an immune-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with three antibodies (capture, primary and secondary) to determine the existent amount of viral glycoprotein in different rabies vaccines, and compared the results at the same time with measuring potency of those vaccines using the NIH method. This applied study was conducted from September 2016 to September 2018 at the Research Laboratory of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for reference and research on rabies at the Pasteur Institute of Iran in Tehran.
Results: The slope of the standard line was calculated to R2=0.98 (P=0.0013). In the humans’ vaccines, the mean lied between 5.554-7.336 (SD=0.0463-0.1039) and the coefficient of variation was 0.778-2.436 (SD=0.0041-0.2724), at the same time in the animals’ vaccines the mean were 2.293-5.993 (SD=0.0041-0.2724) and the coefficient of variation was calculated 0.182-4.546. For animal vaccines the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.99 and for the human vaccines this coefficient was 0.95. Also, the concordance correlation coefficient for animal vaccines was 0.98 and for human vaccines is 0.95, indicating a moderate to high concordance in both animals and humans vaccines.
Conclusion: The designed Immuno-capture ELISA kit had a proper acceptance criterion, intermediate precision, good linearity and robustness for measuring the glycoprotein level of the vaccine, which was directly related to the vaccine potency.

Resistant hypertension, case based approach to diagnosis and management: case report
Mohammad Taghi Najafi , Mohammad Hossein Shojamoradi , Farzanehsadat Minoo ,
Volume 78, Issue 2 (May 2020)
Abstract
Background: Resistant hypertension is defined when the blood pressure remains elevated above the therapeutic target levels despite the use of three antihypertensive agents including calcium channel blocker (CCB), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker and a diuretic. These drugs should be used at maximally tolerated doses and white coat effect and non-adherence should also be excluded. In this article, by describing a case of resistant hypertension, we discuss a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to resistant hypertension.
Case Presentation: A 59 years old man, known case of diabetic nephropathy with a serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL and proteinuria of about 3300 mg in 24 hours referred to Hypertension Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, for evaluation of resistant hypertension. The patient was under treatment by losar-H, diltiazem, and furosemide, which are not appropriate combinations of antihypertensive agents. The ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) of the patient revealed daytime and nighttime hypertension and also the non-dipping status of blood pressure. Dihydropyridine CCB was prescribed in combination with RAS blocker (Exforge 50 mg/ 160 mg) and the diuretic was changed to thiazide-like agents. In the next step, spironolactone and carvedilol were added for better control of blood pressure. The patient referred to the sleep clinic for polysomnography and evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea. Following three months prescription of these medications, ABPM revealed relatively appropriate control of blood pressure, so the average 24-hour blood pressure decreased from 157/91 mm Hg to 136/83 mm Hg.
Conclusion: The complications and mortality of hypertension would be increased dramatically in patients with resistant hypertension. So, an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches should be considered for these patients. Choosing appropriate diuretic agents would be important in the management of resistant hypertension.

Establishment and the importance of chicken pluripotent stem cells and their role in vaccine production: review article
Maryam Farzaneh, Mojgan Hosseini,
Volume 78, Issue 4 (July 2020)
Abstract
Chick embryos are a great historical research model in basic and applied sciences. Along with other animal models, avian and specifically chicken embryo has been attended, as well. Avian fertilized eggs as a natural bioreactor are an efficient tool for producing recombinant proteins and vaccines manufacturing. Due to the limitations of birds' eggs for viral replication, avian stem cells culture technologies access to safe methods as well as large-scale production of a variety of human and animal vaccines. Chicken pluripotent stem cells present the unique property of self-renewal and the ability to generate differentiated progeny in all embryonic lineages such as ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm in vitro. For the first time, chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs) derived from the blastodermal cells of stage X embryos in vitro. Chicken ESC provides a great model of early embryo and they are useful for gene manipulation, virus proliferation, and the generation of transgenic birds. In addition to blastodermal cells, pluripotent cell lines can be produced by reprogramming of chicken fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with transcription factors such as OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, LIN28, and C-MYC that are well known to contribute to the reprogramming of somatic cells into an iPSCs. Similar to chicken ESCs, iPSCs have properties of unlimited self-renewal in vitro and the capacity for differentiation to all three embryonic germ layers. Chicken iPSCs have been a useful tool for the production of transgenic birds and viral vaccines. Despite the benefits and multiple applications of chicken pluripotent stem cells, the propagation of these cells is limited and some important challenges should be eliminated before their use in vaccine manufacturing. It is necessary to define the appropriate culture conditions for chicken pluripotent stem cells. For example, the presence of endogenous viruses in the avian species should be evaluated for human vaccine production. Currently, primary chicken fibroblast cells are still mainly used for vaccine production. This review covers the resources to achieve chicken derived cell lines for vaccine manufacturing.
 

Posterior reversible Leukoencephalopathy following thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura at postpartum period: case report
Leila Pourali, Atiyeh Vatanchi, Negar Ramezanpour, Sedigheh Ayati, Farzaneh Ramezani,
Volume 78, Issue 11 (February 2021)
Abstract
Background: Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRLS) is a clinical and radiological syndrome of heterogeneous etiologies that are grouped because of the similar findings on neuroimaging studies which may occur at any age. The pathogenesis of RPLS remains unclear, but it appears to be related to disordered cerebral autoregulation and endothelial dysfunction. The syndrome is more commonly seen in women, RPLS has been described in several medical conditions, with hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, and the use of cytotoxic and immunosuppressant drugs being the most common conditions. Prompt recognition and treatment are important in preventing the permanent damage that can occur in this otherwise typically reversible condition. The pathogenesis of RPLS remains unclear, but it appears to be related to disordered cerebral autoregulation and endothelial dysfunction. This report aimed to introduce a case of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy following postpartum thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
Case presentation: The patient was a 30-year-old primigravid woman at 33 weeks of pregnancy who was referred to the Ghaem hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Mashhad in July 2017 due to high blood pressure, blurred vision, headache and generalized tonic colonic seizure. She did not report in previous history of high blood pressure or seizure before pregnancy. With a diagnosis of eclampsia remote from delivery, she underwent a cesarean section. After delivery, generalized tonic colonic seizure repeated several times and a significant reduction in consciousness level happened. Renal failure also occurred, so she underwent daily plasmapheresis with a diagnosis of TTP. After 35 days, she was discharged with a good general condition.
Conclusion: In predisposing conditions, such as high blood pressure in pregnancy, in the case of clinical suspicion of posterior leukoencephalopathy, any attempt for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important factors in reducing the rate of morbidity and mortality.

The effect of massage and shaking on infants with colic in a clinical trial concerning the misspecification
Ali Sheidaei, Alireza Abadi, Fatemeh Nahidi, Farzaneh Amini, Farid Zayeri, Nafiseh Gazrani,
Volume 79, Issue 1 (April 2021)
Abstract
Background: Statistical models are used to investigate the relationship between variables in statistical studies. Considering the variety of statistical models, finding the most suitable model is a complex work. This study aimed to compare different models in the treatment of infants' colic and the misspecification of specificity.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 infants with colic in the pediatric clinic of Amir Kabir Hospital in Arak, the intervention and control groups were randomly divided into two groups. The collection and analysis of the data was performed in 2016. After teaching massage to mothers of the intervention group, they were asked to perform massage on infants three times a day during the week. In the control group, mothers can relieve the symptoms of colic by shaking the infant. Parents recorded the number and severity of crying daily in the checklist. Finally, by using different models, R software, SAS, and goodness of fit, the best model was introduced.
Results: In the massage group, the mean crying intensity of infants with colic decreased from 5.01 units on the first day to 2.47 units on the seventh day. On the other hand, the difference in mean sleep time changed from 1.81 hours in favor of the shaking group on the first day to 1.26 hours in favor of the massage group on the seventh day. Also, the severity of crying in the infants of the massage group was significantly higher than the impulse group. Regarding the grace of marginal models, the first-order self-return correlation structure was the best grace and for some variables, the model had random effects with a gamma distribution for the random component.
Conclusion: Massage can reduce infants' colic. Statistically, in the case of a nonlinear model, the variance of estimates is more than estimated to be influenced by the misspecification of the correlation structure.

Comparison of the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and EBV infections in patients with systemic lupus erythromatosus and healthy population
Ava Hashempour, Javad Moayedi, Zahra Musavi, Mohammad Ali Nazarinia , Zahra Hasanshahi, Farzaneh Ghasabi, Mehrdad Halaji ,
Volume 79, Issue 2 (May 2021)
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects almost all organs of the body, and viral infections are involved in its development and progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the serological status of some viral infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and a healthy population.
Methods: This descriptive study conducted from May 2017 to April 2018 at Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran on 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 70 healthy individuals who had no autoimmune diseases and were matched with the patient group for age and sex. All patients had active records and were routinely visited in rheumatology clinic of Hafez hospital, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The evidence of active disease was assessed by the physicians of this practice according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Peripheral blood samples were collected in tubes containing EDTA and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min. The plasma of study participants was evaluated for HBsAg, HCVAb, HIVAb, EBV-VCA-IgG, and CMV-IgG using a commercially available ELISA kit.
Results: The seropositivity of CMV-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgG in the systemic lupus erythematosus group was 70 (100%) and 65 (92.9%), and in healthy individuals was 68 (97.1%) and 57 (81.4%), respectively. The prevalence of EBV-VCA-IgG in the systemic lupus erythematosus group was significantly higher than healthy ones (P=0.043). The optical density (OD) of CMV-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was significantly higher than in healthy individuals (P<0.0001). All patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were negative for HBsAg and HIVAb, but HCVAb was detected in 1 (1.4%) patient.
Conclusion: Considering the higher frequency of EBV-VCA-IgG and the higher titer of antibodies against CMV and EBV in patient groups compared to healthy individuals group, it seems that periodical assessment of viral load in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus will be beneficial to prescribe medication by physicians if it is needed.

Evaluation of the brain tissue oxidative stress status during sepsis after mesenchymal stem cell's conditioned medium administration in male rats
Farzaneh Kianian, Mehri Kadkhodaee, Behjat Seifi, Fariba Akhondzadeh, Kamal Abdolmohammadi , Arash Abdi, Mina Ranjbaran,
Volume 79, Issue 8 (November 2021)
Abstract
Background: In the present study, we hypothesized that conditioned medium (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells attenuates the brain oxidative stress in sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model.
Methods: This study was performed in the Department of Physiology at Tehran University of Medical Sciences from August 2018 to April 2019. Conditioned medium was collected from mesenchymal stem cells isolated from rat's adipose tissues at the second culture passage. Male Wistar rats weighting (220-250 g) were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=8 each): Sham, Sepsis and CM. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture model in the Sepsis and CM groups. Animals in the CM group received the conditioned medium from 5×105 mesenchymal stem cells (2 h after sepsis induction, i. p., 3-5 mL). The systolic blood pressure and O2 saturation were measured 24 h after the treatment. The plasma and brain tissue samples were taken for inflammatory and oxidative stress assessment, respectively.
Results: Septic rats showed a significantly lower systolic blood pressure and O2 saturation level. They also had a significant increase in the plasma inflammatory indices (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and brain malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as a significant reduction in the brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to the Sham group. The CM group had significantly higher systolic blood pressure and O2 saturation level compared to the septic rats. The animals in the CM group showed a significant attenuation in the plasma inflammatory indices (TNF-α and IL-6) and brain MDA content while having a significantly higher brain SOD activity compared to the Sepsis group.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that conditioned medium derived from mesenchymal stem cells has protective effects in preventing the inflammatory and oxidative stress status and may be suggested as a promising treatment in patients suffering from sepsis and septic shock.

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