Showing 11 results for H.R
Gh.r Togeh , M Keihani , A Athari , H Sadafi ,
Volume 58, Issue 1 (6 2000)
Abstract
Parasitic infections, especially opportunistic ones are important problems of immune deficient patients. These groups of patients can encompass a broad spectrum of cancer patients. Patients receiving immune suppressive chemotherapeutic agents and those who receive radiotherapy. This group of patients has much more susceptibility to infections and suffers more complications. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of intestinal parasitic infestations in patients receiving immune suppressive anti-cancer agents. Stool sample of 261 patients under treatment with chemotherapeutic agents were collected and sent to parasitologic laboratory of Shahid Beheshti medical school. Every sample was evaluated with direct smears formalin and ether concentration technique, shitter dilution, zeil-nelson strip stain, culture on strip of filtration paper according to Hadamvory method and on agar plates. Thus, the incidence of intestinal parasitic infestations was evaluated. In this study 34% (89 samples) of patients, who had receive immunosuppressive medicine, had intestinal parasitic infestation. 31.4% of patients with intestinal parasitic infestation were under 20 years of age, 31.6% were between 21-50 years and 36.5% were above 51 years old. Statistical method did not show significant difference between the incidence of intestinal parasitic infestation and the 2 variables of age and sex. The rate of intestinal parasitic infestations in cancer patients with 1-4 courses of treatment was 34.5% and after more than 5 courses was 33.6%. Statistical analysis with X² test did reveal significant differences. Considering the above studies, we recommend: 1) Stool exam of all chemotherapy patients for intestinal parasites before chemotherapy treatment. 2) Five to seven stool exam is necessary for high-risk group. In other patients one stool examination is enough. 3) Repeated stool examination is recommended during chemotherapy. 4) More specific method is needed for detection of high-risk patients and suspected cases.
Gh.r Oliaei , M Akbari , H Bagheri , Mr Hadian , S Talebian, N Ahamad Vand ,
Volume 58, Issue 1 (6 2000)
Abstract
It is generally assumed that local muscular fatigue predisposes the individual to injury. Despite the significance of muscular fatigue and endurance, there are not much dynamic endurance studies for trunk muscles in the literature. Most of them have used isokinetic dynamometer which keeps the velocity of movement constant. In this studies with the help of an isoinertial dynamometer we have assessed the effect of repetitive and fatiguing flexion-extension movements patterns and motor output. 38 female subjects with no history of low-back pain for the 6 months volunteered for the study. A triaxial dynamometer was used that simultaneously provided measurement of torque, angular position, velocity impulse, work and power of each axis. Resistance were set independently for each axis by an interfaced computer. The subjects performed trunk flexion and extension movement against a saggital plane resistance equal to 50% of their maximum isometric extension strength in the upright position. The minimum resistance in the coronal and transverse planes were set-up at 5-7 Newton meters. The subjects were asked to perform trunk movement as quickly and as accurately as possible while exerting the maximum efforts until exhaustion. Immediately after dynamic test another isometric test was performed. A paired T-test procedure was performed among the selected parameters of the 1st middle and last 3 repetition cycles. The selected parameters are range of motion, velocity, torque, impulse, work, power, time interval and time of movement. Also, a paired T-test was performed between maximum isometric strength before and after dynamic test. All the selected parameters were significantly reduced in the saggital plane. Subjects displayed significantly less motor control and greater range of motion in the coronal and transverse planes in performing the primary task of flexion and extension. The reduction of the functional capacity of the primary muscles performing the required task is compensated by secondary muscle groups and the spinal structures is located in a more injury prone position, as identified by finite element models. In addition it is suggested that the fatigued muscles would be less able to compensate any perturbation in the load or position of the trunk. The repetitive loading results in a weakening of the viscoelastic passive elements of the spineless structure. The loss of ability to protect these weakened passive elements makes the spine susceptible to industrial and recreational injuries.
A. Khodadad, Gh.r. Khatami, Z.n. Hatmi, H. Karami,
Volume 64, Issue 3 (1 2006)
Abstract
Background: There are several million new cases of peptic disease annually. The disease has a various range of presentations. Gram negative helicobacter pylori bacilli is considered as an etiologic factor in this disease. Goal of treatment in peptic disease is eradication of the helicobacter pylori (HP). Combination therapy has been implemented in the treatment of this disease. Different modalities have been recommended up to now. In order to lower adverse effects, cost and drug resistance, researchers have introduced a new combination therapy in which honey is substituted for metronidazole.
Methods: A step II of clinical trial was designed. The sample size was 15 children. Diagnosis of HP infection was confirmed with histopathology. Treatment regimen consisted of omeprazole, amoxicillin, bismuth and honey. After a 3-4 week follow- up, eradication was evaluated.
Results: 15 children completed the follow- up period. Mean age of patients was 9.4 years. Treatment effectiveness was 80 percent.
Conclusion: Combination therapy with 3 drugs along with honey has significant effectiveness on HP eradication.
Peyvandi H, Talebpoor M, Begam Orang Z, Ahmadi Amoli H, Motalebi N, Hallaj Mofrad H.r, Molavi B, Asheri H,
Volume 64, Issue 9 (1 2006)
Abstract
Background: Performing traditional autopsy mostly seems to be unpleasant in dead persons' relatives' opinion. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of laparoscopic examination of intra abdominal organs in comparison to the traditional autopsy in trauma victims.
Methods: From December 2004 to September 2005, 50 fresh cadavers of blunt trauma victims were studied in less than 24 hours from death time. Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs were first evaluated by laparoscope and then the traditional autopsy was performed as gold standard. The organs were assessed regarding impairment and its grade in both ways. Diagnostic accuracy of laparoscope was determined for each case with 95% confidence interval using Fisher's exact test.
Results: The values of overall and distinct accuracy of laparoscopic examination for intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs were significantly comparable with traditional autopsy. The accuracy of laparoscopic evaluation of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs were 90% (95% CI of 81.7% to 94.8%) and 92% (95% CI of 84.7% to 96%) respectively in comparison to open autopsy. The overall accuracy of laparoscopic examination was 84% (95% CI of 74.3% to 90.5%).
Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of laparoscopic examination for intraperitoneal but not retroperitoneal organs were acceptable in comparison to open autopsy. Laparoscopic examination seems to be an eligible substitute for the traditional autopsy in assessment of intraperitonel organs.
Doosti S, Basseri H.r, Nategh Pour M, Akbarzadeh K, Ladoni H, Shaeghi M,
Volume 64, Issue 12 (6 2006)
Abstract
Background: Although there have been many studies on the role of mosquitoes in malarial transmission, the biology and interaction of plasmodium with its host is still not completely known. The aim of this study was primarily to follow the sporogony cycle of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles stephensi mysorensis and then to explore the inhibitory effects of certain carbohydrates on parasitic development.
Methods: In a restricted insectary, An. stephensi were fed blood containing gametocytes from donor malaria patients. The development of plasmodium was followed by dissecting the infected mosquitoes and taking a smear at different time intervals. Other groups of Anopheles were fed infected blood plus one of the following carbohydrates: N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, arabinose, fucose, manose, lactose or galactose.
Results: Exflagellation occurred at 5 minutes after the blood meal and then ookinet was observed at 20 hours, while oocysts and sporozoites appeared in days 8 to 12. The results indicate that An. stephensi strain mysorensis has can transfer P. vivax extremely well. Furthermore, the development of P. vivax was completed in the mosquitoes that had been fed with N-acetyl-glucosamine, arabinose, fucose and galactose. In contrast, lactose, mannose and N-acetyl-galactosamine interrupted the life cycle of the parasite.
Conclusion: The sugars lactose, mannose and N-acetyl-galactosamine have an inhibitory role in of oocyst and sporozoite development. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as basic information for inhibiting malarial transmission.
Pedarzadeh A, Kassaian S.e, Esfahanian F, Goudarzinejad H.r, Payedari N, Salarifar M, Hajizeinali A.m, Alidoosti M, Boroumand M.a,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of drug eluting stents (DES) in selected groups of patients with less complicated diabetes. We conducted this study to determine how an unselected group of diabetic patients in Iran fare following DES implantation.
Methods: Data were collected on 147 consecutive diabetic patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the implantation of at least one DES at the Tehran Heart Center from June 2003 to September 2005. Clinical follow-up was performed by timely scheduled visits at one, four and nine months following DES implantation. Nine months of follow-up was completed for 94.5% of the patients. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which include cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization (TVR). In-hospital complications were the secondary endpoint.
Results: A total of 158 coronary artery lesions were treated with DES in 147 diabetic patients (mean age = 56.4±8.92 years, 57.1% were men). During the nine-month follow-up, MACE occurred in 3.4% of patients, with a myocardial infarction rate of 1.4% and TVR rate of 1.4%. Considering one patient who underwent TVR due to acute stent thrombosis following angioplasty (during hospitalization) the total number of TVR reached 3 (2%). Only one patient (0.7%) died of cardiac death, which occurred after the procedure and before discharge. In-hospital complications occurred in six patients (4.1%) five patients suffered from myocardial infarction.
Conclusions: PCI with DES seems to be safe and effective in diabetic patients. However, more studies with larger study populations and longer follow-up are required to confirm this issue.
Saberi H, Zohrei H.r, Abdollahi A. R,
Volume 65, Issue 10 (2 2008)
Abstract
Background: Headache is one of the most common problems that bring patients to doctors' offices. Many physicians order neuroimaging studies after taking the history of the patient and performing a physical examination. These neuroimaging studies are often requested due to the probable existence of an intracranial lesion. However, at times they are requested to allay the fears of patients or even doctors. Most of these studies are normal and the question arises whether there is any indication for requesting neuroimaging studies for a patient with an isolated headache.
Methods: We studied 146 patients with headache who had been referred for CT scan to the imaging center of Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2004-2005. For each patient, a questionnaire, including the medical history and accompanying neurological symptoms, was filled out and CT scan results were gathered.
Results: The mean of age of the patients was 37.8 years, and 69% were female. Only 10 patients (6.8%) had a brain lesion in the CT scan. Accompanying neurological symptoms were more frequent in patients with abnormal rather than normal CT scans. There was a meaningful correlation between abnormal CT scan and paresthesia, ptosis, paresia, diplopia, visual loss, convulsion, vomiting and vertigo. A statistical correlation existed between gender and positive CT scan.
Conclusions: Many patients with headache have normal brain CT scan results. Thus, better criteria are warranted for requesting neuroimaging including accurate patient history and neurological examination in order to prevent unnecessary radiation exposure. MRI instead of CT scan would be a better first step toward the evaluation of the possible existence of brain lesions.
R.a Gamooshi , F Shamsa , H.r Monsef Esfahani ,
Volume 66, Issue 4 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Alkaloids are a group of nitrogenous compounds with potential effects on the physiological behavior of human and animals. Some of these compounds are considered important drugs in modern medicine, such as atropine and morphine. Plants are considered the most important source of alkaloids. Therefore, investigating the presence of alkaloids in different plants is very important. Usually, alkaloids in plants are identified by methods such as those of Dragendorf, Wagner and Meyer, among others, which require milligrams of alkaloids for identification. In the present study, a fast and sensitive procedure for detecting of alkaloids in plants is presented.
Methods: Twelve dried plants samples were investigated for the presence alkaloids. After extracting the total alkaloid into methanol using a Soxhlet extractor, a few milligrams of the extract was transferred to a separatory funnel, buffered to pH 4.7, the bromocresol green (BCG) solution (10-4 M) was added, mixed and extracted with CHCl3 until a yellow color was observed in the CHCl3 layer, indicating the presence of the alkaloid. The crude extracts were also investigated by the standard methods of Dragendorf, Wagner and Meyer for the presence of alkaloids.
Results: Investigation of the 12 plant samples for the presence of alkaloids by the standard reagents of Dragendorf, Wagner, and Meyer showed that only Camelia sinensis (flowers), Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey (flowers), and Stachys (aerial parts) are devoid of alkaloids, with all other samples positive for alkaloids. By the BCG procedure, similar results were obtained, except for the E. amoenum flower, which was positive. The minimum detectable limit for alkaloids by the BCG method is the equivalent of approximately 40μg atropine.
Conclusions: According to previous reports, only one of these plants does not contain alkaloids. All studied plants positive for alkaloids by standard reagents were positive by the BCG procedure. Stachys was negative for alkaloids by both the standard reagents and the BCG method, in agreement with previous reports. However, black tea, reported to contain xanthine alkaloids, was negative for alkaloids by both the standard reagents and the BCG method. Therefore, the BCG method is not suitable for the detection of xanthine alkaloids. Nevertheless, the microgram detectable limit for alkaloids indicates that the BCG method is very sensitive.
H.r Amiri, J Makarem, S Beiranvand,
Volume 66, Issue 5 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: post operative pain is an essential problem. Epidural infusion of two different doses of bupivacaine in pain management of post orthopedic surgeries was studied.
Methods: In this double blinded randomized clinical trial we studied two groups of 42 patients undergone knee surgery. Based on block randomization, patients received two different concentration of bupivacaine (0.1% or 0.125%) in combination with fentanyl (1.7µg/ml). The beginning infusion rate was 5ml/h. Pain scores were documented by a blinded researcher 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours after completion of surgery according to VAS tool. Patient satisfaction, complications and treatment failure (when increased volume of epidural infusion or other analgesics were required) were evaluated.
Results: In higher bupivacaine dose group, post operative pain scores were not significantly lower in different hours and during the follow up (both p values less than 0.001). After 48 hours, patients satisfaction were more in the higher bupivacaine group. There were no significant differences in complications. Treatment failure was more significant in lower bupivacaine dose (33.3% versus 11.9%, p=0.03).
Conclusion: continuous epidural infusion of both bupivacaine and fentanyl provide acceptable post operative pain control in orthopedic patients. Although higher concentrations of bupivacaine during first hours are more effective, lower concentrations are as effective as the higher one, during subsequent hours.
Mirsalehian A, Jabalameli F, Mirafshar Sm, Bazarjani F, Gorjipor A, Goli H.r,
Volume 66, Issue 6 (5 2008)
Abstract
Comparing Intensity Elicited Maximum Reflex Amplitude Between Noise Induced Hearing Loss & Acoustic Trauma at 1kHZ, Contralaterally, and Investigate Relationship Between Amplitude and Hearing Impairment
Moradmand S, Shaeri H.r., Gharooni M, Rostamian A, Akbari Z, Mirkhani S.z., Bagheri A,
Volume 66, Issue 8 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Mitral valve prolapse is a relatively common valvular abnormality in most communities and joint hypermobility (JHM) is also seen in many healthy people as well as in certain clinical disorders, such as Marfan syndrome. The present study was designed to investigate the association between joint hypermobility and mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in an Iranian population sample.
Methods: Fifty-seven patients with nonrheumatic and isolated mitral anterior leaflet prolapse (24 men and 33 women, mean age 23.5 +/-2.3) and 51 healthy subjects (20 men and 31 women, mean age 22.9+/-2.3) were studied. The presence of JHM was evaluated according to the Carter-Wilkinson & Beighton criteria. Echocardiographic examination was performed in all subjects and the correlation between the echocardiographic features of the mitral valve and the hypermobility score were investigated.
Results: The frequency of JHM in patients with MVP was found to be significantly higher than that of controls (26.3% vs. 7.8%), with mean JHM scores of 3.1+/-2.2 and 1.9+/-1.7, respectively. The patients in the MVP group had significantly increased the anterior mitral leaflet thickness (AMLT, 3.4+/-0.4 mm vs. 3.0+/-0.3 mm p<0.0005) and maximal leaflet displacement (MLD, 2.4+/-0.3 mm vs. 1.5+/-0.2 mm p<0.0005) compared to the controls.
Conclusions: We detect a statistically significant relationship between isolated MVP and joint hypermobility as well as between the severity of JHM and echocardiographic features of the mitral leaflets. These results suggest a common etiology for MVP and JHM, which should be investigated in future well-conducted studies.
