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Showing 2 results for Hosseini Bereshneh
Stem cells: progressions and applications in clinical medicine
Ali Hosseini Bereshneh , Danesh Soltani , Reza Roodbarani , Mohammad Hossein Modarressi ,
Volume 74, Issue 2 (May 2016)
Abstract

Stem cells are undifferentiated and multi pluripotent cells which can differentiate into a variety of mature cells and tissues such as nervous tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, skeletal tissue and etc. Stem cells from all different source have three unique features: 1) Proliferative capability: Stem cells are capable of self dividing and self renewing for long periods or more than six months at least that called immortalization. 2) Undifferentiated nature: It’s considered as one of the essential characteristics of stem cell, so it doesn't have any tissue-specific construction. 3) Differentiation to the different cells from all organs: This ability can Induced by tissue specific transcription factors. Because of that, they are so important in prevention and treatment of human disease. Depending on the sources from which they derive, they have different types which can be used to produce special cells and tissues. The most significant types of stem cells are; embryonic stem cells (ESCs) which are derived from embryos, adult stem cells (ASCs) which are derived from differentiated cells in a specific tissue, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs) which are produced from adult differentiated cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to act resemble to an embryonic stem cell and cord blood stem cells which contains haematopoietic stem cells and derived from the umbilical cord after gestation. By providing a medium containing of special growth factor, it is possible to orientated stem cell differentiation pathway and gained certain cells from them. The important uses of stem cells includes damaged heart tissue cells improvements and bone tissue repairing, cancer treatment, damaged neurological and spinal tissue repairing, improving burns and injuries and the treatment of diabetes, infertility and spermatogenesis dysfunction. Furthermore, the application of them in gene therapy is an important issue in the modern medicine science due to the role of them in transferring gene into different cells. Today, this method have had considerable progress in the treatment of many disease. In this review study, some aspect of stem cells like types and characteristic, origin, derivation techniques, storage conditions and differentiation to target tissues, current clinical usage and their therapeutic capabilities will be discussed.


Horizons of personalized medicine in breast cancer treatment: review article
Ali Hosseini Bereshneh , Danesh Soltani , Negar Veisi , Mohammad Khademi , Mohammad Hossein Modarressi ,
Volume 74, Issue 9 (December 2016)
Abstract

Breast cancer that is caused by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, is one of the main causes of death resulted from cancer. Various therapeutic approaches have been introduced for this cancer and the traditional diagnosis and treatment is based on the prognosis estimation using cancer anatomic features (TNM system) and clinical results, but studies show different responses of these treatments and recurrence after those in some patients. This diversity is resulted by the differences in biological and molecular characteristics. So genomic and molecular studies became more important and the role of targeted treatment based on an individual's genome was highlighted. Today, the progression in personalized medicine using specific individual genome profile has been possible. The ultimate goal of such studies, in the setting of the personalized medicine, is providing markers which can be used to risk assessment of progressing disease. This new science cause great development in the treatment of breast cancer by recognition of specific markers and application of targeted therapy. Trastuzumab and tamoxifen are the most common monoclonal antibodies applied in these patients depends on their biological and molecular profile. The good response to tamoxifen is seen only in patients with estrogen receptor (ER+) which inhibits the binding of estrogen to its receptor. Defect in the metabolizer enzyme of tamoxifen (CYP2D6), which convert it to the active forms, results in the increased risk of recurrence after treatment. Fulvestrant is another monoclonal antibody which its effect is similar to tamoxifen. Trastuzumab suppresses the cell growth by binding inhibition of epidermal growth factor to HER2 receptors. In the metastatic form of disease, the patients may show resistance to trastuzumab, so lapatinib is suitable alternative in these cases. Pertuzumab combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy with taxane blocks the dimerization of HER2 with another form of HER receptors. The application of personalized medicine in triple negative phenotype is limited due to the lack of appropriate targets and biomarkers, it makes necessary to do further studies. The aim of this review was to describing the different aspects of personalized medicine and introducing the most important biomarkers and targets in the treatment of breast cancer.

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