Tehran University Medical Journal

---

The objective of this study was to determine the reference range for Creatinine in children<8 years old among Tehran citizens on the selectra 2 analyzer and manually with Jaffee alkaline picrate method. Pediatric reference ranges are important in order to determine whether a patient's result is normal or abnormal. Reference range on the selectra 2 system over this age are currently unavailable. The study used serum obtained from children admitted in diagnostic and health centers and the SPSS program T-test and Chi-square were used to analyze data. The results are given below: Creatinine: Age (Y): 0-2, Male: N=71, 0.46 mg/dl, SD=0.1 Female: N=61, 0.47 mg/dl, SD=0.1 Total: N=92, 0.467 mg/dl. Age (Y): 3-6, Male: N=89, 0.52 mg/dl, SD=0.001 Female: N=50, 0.53 mg/dl, SD=0.1 Total: N=139, 0.529 mg/dl. Age (Y): 7-8, Male: N=50, 0.58 mg/dl, SD=0.11 Female: N=37, 0.55 mg/dl, SD=0.11 Total: N=89, 0.572 mg/dl. Total: Male: N=210, 0.52 mg/dl, SD=0.11 Female: N=108, 0.53 mg/dl, SD=0.1 Total: N=318, 0.52 mg/dl. Serum Creatinine significantly increased with increasing in age and total body surface (P<0.05, 0.0001 respectively), while there has been no significant difference by sex, diet and fasting.

---

 During kidney and other organ transplantation, the organ to be transplanted, must inevitably remain out of the body with little or no blood perfusion at all for a long period of time (ischemia). These events have been suggested to cause the formation of oxygen- derived free radicals (OFR). Reperfusion (reintroduction of blood flow) will further exacerbate the initial damage caused by the ischemic insult and may result in the production of free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether induction of brief periods of renal artery occlusion (ischemic pre‌conditioning, IPC) can provide protection from the effects of a subsequent period of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in the rat kidney.
Materials and Methods: In this regard, 28 white, male rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: Control (sham- operated), IPC alone, IR alone (30 min ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion), and IPC- IR. Preconditioning involved the sequential clamping of the right renal artery for 5 min and declamping for 5 min for a total of 3 cycles. To demonstrate the effectiveness of IPC regimen, vitamin E as an endogenous antioxidant and an index of lipid peroxidation was measured by HPLC after its extraction from right renal venous plasma and right renal tissue.
Results: Results of this study showed that the amount of vitamin E of renal tissue and venous plasma in the IR group had a significant decrease when compared to the control group (P< 0.0001). Whereas the amount of this vitamin in both renal tissue and venous plasma of the IPC- IR group was significantly higher than that in the IR group (P< 0.0001), but did not show any significant difference with the control group.
Conclusion: In this study, preconditioning method prevented the reduction of the endogenous antioxidant (Vit. E) in encountering the following sustained ischemic insult. Therefore, we suggest that ischemic preconditioning can be used to protect the Vit. E level of kidney from its subsequent decrease by ischemia and reperfusion.