Showing 12 results for Kaviani
Kaviani H, Ahmadi Abhari As, Nazari H, Hormozi K,
Volume 60, Issue 5 (15 2002)
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating disease that every one is likely to experience over a short or long term period of his or her life.
Methods and Materials: This study aimed to examine the one - month prevalence of anxiety and depression in Tehranian resident population. 1070 men and women (age 20-65) were screened by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Then, those who scored above the cut - off point were psychiatrically interviewed. The interviewers were blind to the respondents' scores on BDI 5% of the total sample were also added to the list of those to be interviewed. Interviewers were the third year psychiatric residents at Roozbeh hospital. Tehran, especially trained for this research's purpose.
Results: The results showed women (BDI- 12.16) are more depressed than men (BDI- 8.47). Furthermore, men (%16.7) were less likely to have depession disorders than women (% 30.50).
Conclusion: We will discuss discrepancies between (the present results and the results from previous research by others).
Kaviani H, Ghasemzadeh H,
Volume 61, Issue 3 (14 2003)
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorders.
Materials and Methods: 261 depressed (n=153) and anxious (n=108) patients were psychiatrically interviewed, and then tested by two scales, BAI and BD1 261 healthy subjects (matched with depressed and anxious patients) completed BAT and BDl as well.
Results: The results showed that %55.6 of depressed and %58.3 of anxious patients had respectively a comorbid anxiety and depression disorders.
Conclusion: The detection of symptoms overlap revealed that depressed patients experienced most of the anxiety symptoms, and anxious patients reported most of the depression symptoms. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among healthy subjects will be discussed.
Kaviani H, Poor Naseh M,
Volume 63, Issue 2 (12 2005)
Abstract
Background: This Study aimed to validate the temperament and character inventory (TCI) in an Iranian sample of men and women with different ages. TCI contains subscales designed to measure seven different personality traits and characteristics.
Materials and Methods: In the first step, subjects (n=1212) completed the questionnaire. In the second step, to examine the reliability of the questionnaire, 101 randomly chosen subjects were re-tested one to two months after the first test. Also, in order to examine the validity of the questionnaire, 100 subjects were interviewed by two psychologists using a checklist based on the Cloninger&aposs biological theory of personality. The interviewers, who were blind to the subjects&apos scores on the seven subscales, rated each subject for the seven traits and characteristics on a 10-point rating scale (from 1 to 10).
Results & Conclusion: The results showed normative data for the subscales novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), persistence (Per), self directiveness (SD), cooperation (Co) and self transcendence (ST) for different gender and age classes. Correlations between the scores and ratings of the test and re-test revealed significant coefficients, confirming reliability for all subscales. A good internal consistency was found for each subscale. The results also showed no significant correlations higher than 0.40 among NS, HA, Per and RD the temperament subscales were independent from each other. The only significant correlation, higher than 0.40, among the character subscales was between SD and Co. Applied and clinical implication of the present findings will be discussed.
Amini H, Alaghband-Rad J, Sharifi V, Davari-Ashtiani R, Kaviani K, Shahrivar Z, Shaabani A, Arabgol F, Shirazi E, Hakim-Shooshtari M,
Volume 64, Issue 8 (13 2006)
Abstract
Background: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) is a comprehensive, standardized diagnostic interview for the assessment of psychiatric disorders. There have been few studies on the validity of the CIDI. The objective of present study was to assess the validity of a Farsi translation of the complete CIDI and its psychosis/mania module in five referral clinical psychiatric settings.
Methods: Two hundred and three as well as 104 consecutive admissions were interviewed using the complete and the psychosis/mania module, respectively. Within two days of the CIDI interview, two last year residents of psychiatry or psychiatrist who were blind to the CIDI diagnosis completed the Clinical diagnostic checklists (based on DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria) simultaneously and reached the consensus diagnosis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 11 to determine the validity of CIDI.
Results: The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of schizophrenia was 0.12 and 0.96 using DSM-IV criteria. According to ICD-10 criteria, the results were the same with 0.19% sensitivity and 0.96% specificity. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder was low (0.21 using DSM-IV criteria and 0.17% using ICD-10) and specificity, high (0.90 compared to DSM-IV and 0.89 compared to ICD-10 criteria). The results were rather similar for the psychosis/mania module of CIDI.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the Farsi translation of both the complete CIDI and the psychosis/mania module of CIDI have good specificity, but poor sensitivity for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and of bipolar I disorder.
Abdi Masooleh F, Kaviani H, Khaghanizade M, Momeni Araghi A,
Volume 65, Issue 6 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Burnout is one of the most important factors in reduced productivity in organizations and involves physical and mental signs, especially in the human service professions. The role of nurses in the healthcare system is vital and motivation to ensure health security is extremely important. We carried out this research to examine the relationship between burnout and mental health in the nursing staff of educational hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 nurses selected via probable multistage sampling. We used three instruments in this study: 1) demographic questionnaire 2) General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and 3) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).
Results: On the whole, using the MBI subscale, we found low levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and high levels of reduced sense of personal accomplishment, both in frequency and intensity. The prevalence of symptomatic samples in the GHQ-28 was 43%, and two variables, burnout and poor mental health, were related (p<0.001). Burnout was to be related to gender, age and years of work. The correlation between poor mental health and years of work as well as hours of work in a week were significant.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation between poor mental health and burnout. Furthermore, the prevalence of symptomatic samples detected in our study using the GHQ-28 was much higher than that reported in studies of the general population. The high prevalence of symptomatic samples and high prevalence of burnout in the dimension of self accomplishment, especially in younger nurses, combined with the strong correlation between poor mental health and burnout all show that care should be taken to improve the stressful conditions that nurses face.
Hossein Kaviani H, Mousavi A S,
Volume 66, Issue 2 (1 2008)
Abstract
Background: Measuring anxiety level in clinical and non-clinical population needs valid and reliable tool. This research examined the validity and reliability of Beck Anxiety Inventory in Iranian normal population as well as clinically anxious patients.
Methods: First, a two-session course was run to train research workers. After they were sufficiently prepared, they were dispatched to different regions of the city, Tehran, referring to residential places for men and women volunteer to take part in the research. At the end, 1513 respondents were randomly recruited and tested using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Of this population, 112 respondents were randomly selected and re-tested in order to measure test-retest reliability with a one-month interval time between first and second tests. Meanwhile, 261 clinically anxious patients (from clinics and mental health centers) were tested. In order to measure validity, 150 patients were interviewed by two parallel clinicians and the anxiety level was rated based on a 10-point scale from 0 (the least) to 10 (the most). The two raters were blind to the BAI scores of the patients.
Results: For data reduction and analysis, the SPSS for Windows-edition 14, was conducted. Findings showed that the Persian version of BAI proved a good reliability (r=0.72, p<0.001), a very good validity (r=0.83, p<0.001), and an excellent internal consistency (Alpha=0.92).
Conclusions: The results support the applicability of BAI in Iranian population and suggest the use of this inventory for clinical and research aims. Persian version of BAI not only can help clinicians in assessment and diagnosis, but also assist researchers to evaluate anxiety level when needed.
Ali Malayeri N, Kaviani H, Asadi Sm, Farid Hoseini F,
Volume 66, Issue 9 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) efficiently diagnoses personality disorders, differentiating the individual subtypes. This research aimed to evaluate personality dimensions using the Cloninger TCI (TCI-125) in a group of people with borderline personality disorders at Ruzbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 27 borderline personality patients were evaluated with a clinical interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition text revision (DSM-ІV-TR) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-ІV Axis IІ (SCIDII). Depression and anxiety scores of patients were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires. Dimensions of temperament and character traits were assessed using the TCI-125. The findings were compared with parameters of the normal Iranian population.
Results: Results showed higher scores for novelty seeking and harm avoidance and lower scores for self directedness, self transcendence and cooperativeness in borderline personality disorder patients.
Conclusion: The results of the Cloninger TCI in this study showed higher scores for novelty seeking and harm avoidance and lower scores for self directedness than those of the normal Iranian population. Scores for reward dependence fell within the range of the normal population. Lower scores for character factors, such as self directedness, cooperativeness and self transcendence, are usually associated with cluster B personality traits. Higher scores for novelty seeking and harm avoidance are usually characteristic of borderline personality disorder patients. In this study, there is the possibility that the small sample size or other factors, such as medication or substance abuse, might affect the study, resulting in normal scores for reward dependence.
Partoazar A, Ghazi Khansari M, Abedi Mh, Kaviani M, Norashrafeddin Sm, Basiri Mr, Talebi M,
Volume 67, Issue 3 (5 2009)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-GB
X-NONE
AR-SA
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: Cancer prevention besides detection and
treatment has a very important role in control of cancer disease. Since some
chemical compounds that are used in laboratories, especially in pathology laboratory are potentially mutagens, lab assistances
that are working with chemicals such as Benzene, Xylazine and Formaldehyde for
long period of time may be exposed to overload of these carcinogens. Therefore,
it is necessary to use an indicator for detecting these occupational exposures.
Ames test
has been recommended in biomonitoring of environment that has high risk
carcinogenicity characteristic.
Methods: A total of fifty seven urine samples of
forensic medicine laboratory personnel's were extracted by C18 column and then tested by TA100 and TA98 standard strains of Ames assay. Each sample was analyzed
with and without activator to detect mutagen and promutagen materials.
Results: Levels of mutagenicity were found by TA98 strain without activator in one case as well as with
activator in two cases of urine samples of pathology laboratory personnel's.
These cases were working in laboratory
for long time in all of the workdays.
Conclusion: Personnel's working in pathology laboratories may
have greater risk of cancer and should be take care from these occupational
exposures.
Kaviani H,
Volume 67, Issue 4 (6 2009)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-US
X-NONE
AR-SA
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: It is extremely important to validate psychological (psychometric) tools before
use in research projects. In fact without reliable and valid psychological
tools, we can not rely on research results. TCI
contains subscales designed to measure seven different personality traits and
characteristics. This paper presents complementary findings to a previous
study. In fact, the aim of this study was to summarize a normative data of TCI
for an Iranian sample of men and women with different ages.
Methods: At first all research workers, who collected data in present study, were
trained for the skills needed in order to communicate with the participant and
to conduct the questionnaire. Randomly selected participants (n=1212)
completed TCI questionnaire.
Results: The results showed normative data for the subscales novelty seeking (NS),
harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD),
persistence (Per), self
directiveness (SD), cooperation (Co)
and self transcendence (ST) for different gender
and age classes.
Conclusions: Similarities
and differences of the present findings and other studies will be theoretically
discussed. The sample of participants in this study allows us to generalize the
collected data. The results shows that now we can benefit from using the
questionnaire in Iranian society. Different applications of TCI in
various clinical and normal settings will be discussed. The present results is
complementary to the previous findings reported in the same journal.
Kaviani H, Seyfourian H, Sharifi V, Ebrahimkhani N,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (6 2009)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-US
X-NONE
AR-SA
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: Iranian researchers and
scientists in the fields of psychiatry and psychology undoubtedly need to spend
more time and make considerable efforts to prepare and validate Persian
versions of measurements. The present study was designed to validate HADS in Iranian clinically anxious and depressed patients compared to normal
population.
Methods: 261 anxious and depressed patients referred to the inpatient clinic of Rouzbeh
Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, and 261 healthy volunteers (matched for their sex) were tested using HADS, and two additional clinical tools, ie., BDI & BAI. Then the patients were interviewed by a psychiatrist or a psychologist
(using DSM IV checklist) and rated for their anxiety and
depression severity levels based on a 10-point scale from 1 to 10. BDI and BAI were regarded as objective device providing other external criteria to
examine validity further. Moreover, to assess reliability 10% of the patients (n= 27) were randomly selected
and re-tested after three days.
Results: Findings showed that all measures and their subscales proved to be valid
and reliable with good internal consistencies in Iranian depressed and anxious
patients. This study provides clinicians and researchers with Iranian cut-off
points for HADS, BDI and BAI, to be used in their settings, to categorize
the patients with different levels of psychopathology.
Conclusion: The results support the use of
all the measures and subscales examined in this study in clinical and research
settings. The cut-off points obtained in this study are somehow different from
those presented by original authors which will be discussed from cultural point
of view in this report.
Kaviani A, Taslimi Sh, Athari B, Yunesian M, Hosseini M, Rabbani A,
Volume 68, Issue 4 (6 2010)
Abstract
Background: The oncoplastic surgery has been revolutionized breast conservative surgery. The aim of our study was to represent the cosmetic outcome of oncoplastic breast surgery in Iran and to evaluate its determinants.
Methods: Fifty eight patients with unilateral breast neoplasm operated with single surgeon in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Three view photographs were obtained pre and post operatively and were put in separate PowerPoint slides. The photographs were evaluated by six health related professionals. They scored the cosmetic outcome with modified questionnaire containing general and specific questions. Weighted kappa used for intra and inters rater reliability and ANOVA was used for analyzing cosmetic outcome determinants.
Results: Generally, 72.2% of the photographs got the excellent or good score in a single breast evaluation part. Its items breast size, nipple deviation and scar quality scored 94.2, 67.9 and 88.8 respectively. "In comparison with contra-lateral breast" part shape asymmetry, need for surgery of contra lateral breast and size asymmetry scored 68.9, 75.8 and 69% respectively. Tumor size greater than two cm had poorer outcome (p=0.039) upper outer quadrant tumor had the worst and upper inner quadrant tumors had the best outcomes (p<0.0001). Patient with 50 to 60 years of age had the poorest outcomes (p<0.0001). Weighted kappa for inter and intra rater kappa was 0.12 and 0.58 respectively.
Conclusions: Acceptable cosmetic outcome is obtained in the first experience of oncoplastic breast surgery in Iran. Long term monitoring of oncologic and cosmetic outcomes in greater numbers of patients is recommended.
Masoomeh Asgar Shirazi , Zahra Omidi, Hossein Dalili , Mamak Shariat, Seyed Reza Raeeskarami, Zeynab Kaviani, Mojtaba Fazel,
Volume 82, Issue 3 (June 2024)
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among pregnant women and can lead to maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the mother's vitamin D serum level and the infant's anthropometric indices and neurodevelopment.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on a group of pregnant women who visited Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from September to March 2020. Demographic information and anthropometric characteristics of the newborn were collected using the medical record. Blood samples were collected at the time of delivery to evaluate the mother's vitamin D status, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using standard laboratory procedures. The neurodevelopment of infants was assessed at the age of 6 months through the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ). Data analysis included using descriptive statistics to summarize maternal and neonatal characteristics. The relationships between maternal serum vitamin D levels, neonatal anthropometric indicators, and neurodevelopmental outcomes were examined through Spearman's rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests.
|
Results: In total, 123 pregnant women participated in this study, with a mean age of 31.41 years (±5.75). The mean birth weight, height, and head circumference of the neonates were 3208.33 grams (±706.05), 34.32 cm (±3.91), and 50.33 cm (±2.30), respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlations between maternal serum vitamin D levels and the infants' weight (P=0.318), height (P=0.531), or head circumference (P=0.241). Furthermore, there was no significant association between maternal vitamin D levels and any of the assessed neurodevelopmental domains at six months (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: While this study did not find a positive correlation between the mother's vitamin D serum level and the anthropometric indices and neurodevelopmental domains of infants at six months, it is important to interpret these results cautiously due to the study's limitations. Thus, it is advisable to conduct prospective cohort studies with large sample sizes in diverse demographics nationwide.
|
