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Exploration of how culture influences on attempting suicide by self-immolation among women
Leeba Rezaie, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Hamid Reza Khankeh, Mehdi Rassafiani, Jalal Shakeri, Habibolah Khazaie,
Volume 73, Issue 11 (February 2016)
Abstract

Background: Self-immolation is a common method for suicide among women in developing countries. Culture is considered as an influential factor for attempting suicide by selfimmolation. Better understanding of the influence of culture will be useful to develop specific prevention strategies. Therefore, the study aimed to explore how the culture can influence on
attempting suicide by self-immolation among women.
Methods: The study was performed by a qualitative approach using directed content analysis in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, 2011- 2013. Our participants were selected purposefully among patients who attempted suicide by self-immolation (n= 9), their relatives (n= 6), and treatment staff (n= 6). We used semi-structure interview
for data gathering. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. Then, transcribed interview was analyzed by constant comparison.
Results: The main extracted theme was self-immolation sub-culture. Two main categories and 6 sub- categories were also emerged that explored the effect of culture on attempting suicide by self-immolation. The main categories were cultural restriction, and cultural acceptation. Marriage- divorced related traditions, living in extended family, and cultural
conversations and cultural meanings of self-immolation were among extracted subcategories. The category of cultural restriction described the role of culture in the occurrence of family conflicts as a predictor of attempting suicide by self-immolation, and cultural acceptation, the second category, explained how self-immolation is accepted as a
method of choice of suicide in the understudied culture.
Conclusion: Our finding showed that subculture of self-immolation provides influential conditions for attempting suicide by self-immolation. According to the findings, cultural restriction may facilitate conditions to occurrence of attempting self-immolation, and cultural acceptance provides conditions to perdurability of self-immolation as a method of
suicide. Considering these conditions is recommended in designing prevention programs.


Development of hospital disaster risk management accreditation standards
Masoumeh Abbasabadi-Arab , Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad , Hamid Reza Khankeh, Akbar Biglarian,
Volume 79, Issue 7 (October 2021)
Abstract
Background: The preparedness and safety of hospitals in disasters are essential to maintain the health and survival of the community. Numerous studies have shown that the level of preparedness of Iranian hospitals is moderate and low. Lack of comprehensive hospital standards for disaster preparedness is one of the reasons. This study aimed to develop hospital accreditation standards for hospital disaster risk management.
Methods: This comparative study was conducted between April and September 2016. Hospital disaster risk management accreditation standards were extracted from the hospital accreditation standards of 11 countries including the United States, Canada, Australia, Malaysia, India, Thailand, Egypt, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Denmark and Iran. Overall, 27 hospital disaster risk management accreditation standards were introduced. The opinions of 22 disaster risk management experts were used to assess the content validity of the proposed disaster risk management accreditation standards.
Results: Differences were observed in the quality and quantity of those countries’ disaster risk management standards. The national accreditation standards of the United States, Australia, and Canada had comprehensive standards and covered all aspects of the disaster risk management cycle. Finally, 27 standards were proposed for developing Iranian hospitals’ disaster risk management accreditation standards. The CVI & CVR validity of the proposed standards were acceptable.
There were significant differences in the quantity and quality of hospital disaster risk management accreditation standards in selected countries. The most comprehensive standards belonged to the US National Standards (12 standards and 113 sub-standards), followed by the Australian and Canadian accreditation standards. The accreditation standards of the developing countries and Iran were not comprehensive and did not meet the international goals of disaster risk management. The proposed hospital disaster risk management accreditation standards had high content validity.
Conclusion: Disaster risk management accreditation standards in Iran and developing countries need to be revised and upgraded. Comprehensive standards based on international experiences and expert opinions were introduced in this study that can be used to develop hospital accreditation standards in Iran and other countries.

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