Tehran University Medical Journal

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Ectomesenchimal cells, placed near the embryonal tube, migrate to down and share in facial and cardiac structures. Migration or differentiation disorders of these cell causes cleft lip/ or palate and congenital heart disease (CHD). This item was performed to determine co-appearing of cleft and CHD and to know adjutant factors to that for better management of these patient.
Materials and Methods: Two hundered children with cleft lip and palate were registered. Finding was analyzed by fisher's exact text and chi-square tests.
Results: CHD is ten times of normal population in this research (p< 0.01 and odd ratio 10.39) and incidence of CHD in cleft is high in cleft patient if another congenital animalies were presented (p< 0.001, odd ratio 5.18).
Conclusion: By attention to higher incidence of CHD in cleft patients, it is advised to cardiologist consulting before cleft surgery for better managing.

 

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Background: Alteration in pattern of sexuality is known to be impressed by couples’ believes about women’s physical and psychological changes during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of couples about sexual relations during pregnancy.
Methods: In a descriptive study from February to April 2005, two hundred sixty six consecutive pregnant women referring to a university hospital were asked to answer a questionnaire containing questions their sexual status and some demographic data. In 122 cases the answers of the spouses was collected also. The answers were compared in divided groups according to age range, duration of marriage, parity and educational status.
Results: Fifty five percent of men and fifty eight percent of women had a negative attitude about sexual relations during pregnancy, and 60% of men and 75% of women presented incorrect knowledge about sexuality during pregnancy. Main reasons for decreased sexual relations in pregnancy were mentioned to be dysparaunia, and the fear of trauma to the baby, abortion, membrane rapture, preterm labor and infection.
Conclusion: As couples’ knowledge and attitudes about sexuality affect their general sexual behavior during pregnancy it is crucial to provide proper consultation regarding sexual relations in prenatal care services.

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Background: Sexual function in women may be affected by their menstrual cycle. Lack of sexual drive is a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity. This study aims at determining the changes in sexual desire during the menstrual cycle and those associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and evaluates sexual desire during the menstrual cycle and the associated changes with PMS.

Methods: The sample for this cross-sectional study includes 150 women employed in factories in Tehran. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires and journals of premenstrual experiences.

Results: Analysis of the data showed that the mean age of the subjects was 31 years )standard deviation = 8.46(. The most frequent decrease in sexual desire was during the week prior to the start of menstrual bleeding (27.3%) and the least frequent was from the end of bleeding to one week before the next period of menstrual bleeding (5.3%). In 24.7% of the cases, an increase in sexual desire occurred during the middle of the menstrual cycle and 27.3% during the course of menstrual bleeding. Moreover, 10.7% of the subjects had an increase in sexual desire during the week before bleeding. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between changes in sexual desire and PMS (p<0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between changes in sexual desire and breast tenderness, joint and muscle pain.

Conclusions: The sexual desire of women, with or without PMS, changes during the menstrual cycle. The greatest decrease in sexual desire occurs during the first week before menstrual bleeding in women with PMS. Such information can greatly help toward understanding and treatment in sexual therapy for couples.

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Background: Resulting from the rough flow of air through the nose and throat during sleep, snoring can arise from transitory obstruction at various levels, rendering the sufferer feeling sleep deprived. A relatively new method using radiofrequency technology, called palatoplasty (somnoplasty), can be used to reduce the size of obstructive tissues in the nose and throat. In this study, we assess radiofrequency palatoplasty in the treatment of snoring.

Methods: This nonrandomized prospective quasi-experimental study included 28 patients who snored at a level considered bothersome to their bed partner. Snoring and drowsiness were each subjectively scored using 20-point visual analogue scales before and after treatment. Radiofrequency energy was delivered to the soft palate either at the midline or in the lateral soft palate 21 patients were treated once and seven patients twice with an interval of at least seven weeks.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 47 (SD=10.7) years, with a range of 25-65 years, 57% were men, and the mean body mass index was 29 (SD=4.5). Sleep apnea in these patients was subjectively rated mild to moderate. After seven weeks of treatment, snoring was improved in 71.4% of patients (p<0.005). The tongue versus pharyngeal size was improved in 34.4% (p<0.005). The mean patient snoring score was significantly improved from 17.39 (SD=3.02) to 11.50 (SD=6.46) (p<0.005). The mean drowsiness score was also significantly reduced from 6.8 (SD=6.9) to 3.93 (SD=4.19) (p<0.005). No persistent negative impact was observed in speech or swallowing. Pain and bleeding was limited.

Conclusions: Radiofrequency palatoplasty is effective in the treatment of snoring and its consequent drowsiness.