Showing 17 results for Mehrabi
Derakhshan Deilami Gh, Mehrabi S,
Volume 58, Issue 2 (7 2000)
Abstract
Despite the role of oral corticosteroids in management of sever asthma, use of these drugs needs careful awareness of its many side effects. There are controversies about the role of methotrexate in lowering the need for corticosteroides in these patients. In this study an attempt has been made to determine methotrexate effects in corticosteroid dependent asthma. Six patients were entered in a double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial and randomly allocated to two groups. Each group got a 12 weeks course of treatment with 15 milligrams of methotrexate or placebo which thereafter was changed to the other regimen. In comparison with placebo, methotrexate caused a 62.5% less need for oral corticosteroid (P<0.01) and a 20% increase in FEV1 (P<0.05). We concluded that the use of low doses of oral methotrexate results in less need for oral corticosteroid in treatment of corticosteroid dependent asthma.
Miri S R, Kiani A, Mehrabi V,
Volume 61, Issue 6 (15 2003)
Abstract
Ectomesenchimal cells, placed near the embryonal tube, migrate to down and share in facial and cardiac structures. Migration or differentiation disorders of these cell causes cleft lip/ or palate and congenital heart disease (CHD). This item was performed to determine co-appearing of cleft and CHD and to know adjutant factors to that for better management of these patient.
Materials and Methods: Two hundered children with cleft lip and palate were registered. Finding was analyzed by fisher's exact text and chi-square tests.
Results: CHD is ten times of normal population in this research (p< 0.01 and odd ratio 10.39) and incidence of CHD in cleft is high in cleft patient if another congenital animalies were presented (p< 0.001, odd ratio 5.18).
Conclusion: By attention to higher incidence of CHD in cleft patients, it is advised to cardiologist consulting before cleft surgery for better managing.
Esmaeil Zadeh A, Mirmiran P, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F,
Volume 62, Issue 1 (12 2004)
Abstract
Background: Stenotic coronary arteryIt is essential to identify the best simple anthropometric index in any population to predict chronic disease risk. This study was designed to compare the ability of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) to predict cardiovascular risk factors in an urban adult population of Tehranian men.
Materials and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 4449 men aged 18-74 years, participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Demographic data was collected. Anthropometric indices were measured according to standard protocol. Blood pressure was measured and hypertension was defined based on JNC VI. Biochemical analysis was conducted on fasting blood samples. Diabetes was defined as FBS≥126 mg/dl and dyslipidemia based on ATP II. The presence of “at least one” and “at least two” risk factors from the four major cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and smoking) was also evaluated.
Results: Mean age of men was 41.8±15.4. Mean BMI, WHR and waist circumference was 25.6±4.2 kg/m2, 0.91±0.07 and 87.7±11.7 cm, respectively. Of the three individual indicators, WHR had the highest sensitivity for all risk factors. No combination of indicators had higher average sensitivity + specificity than WHR alone. WHR had a higher percentage of correct prediction than BMI and waist circumference for all risk factors. No combination of measures was significantly more accurate than WHR alone, except for combinations where another indicator has been combined with WHR by “or”.
Conclusion: It is concluded that WHR is the best predictor of cardiovascular risk factors compared to BMI and WC in Tehranian adult men residing in district-13.
J Ahmadi , M Kalantari, Raeis Alsadat, V Mehrabi , H Nahvi ,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (11 2004)
Abstract
Background: Mediastinum includes the vital organs like the heart the major respiratory passages and the major vessels due to this vicinity, the masses of this area with malignant or benign etiology or cause systemic diseases such as metastatic malignancies or granulomatous reactions can be potentially fatal.
Materials and Methods: According to the priority of the problem, a ten years comprehensive retrospectively study of mediastinal masses in children was conducted In children medical Center (Tehran University) from the points of view of incidence, clinical manifestations and diagnostic and treating ways. Results &
Conclusion: In our study there were 34 patients from 1992-2002 who were reviewed. No differences between boys and girls with mediastinal masses were observrd. The most prevalence age for mediastinal tumors was form 5-10 years (38%). The most prevalent sign was fever (53%) and the most common symptom was coughing (44.4%). Basesd on this research, mediastinal masses have been the most prevalent finding in chest radiography (53.8%). CT-Scan with double contrast was recognized as the most common and easiest ways for diagnosing masses. Anterior masses were the most common finding in our study (41.7%). Most of these masses were removed by surgery and the most common operation in our patients was thoracotomy and removing the masses (61.7%). Lymphoma was the most common masses (35.2%) and masses with neural orgins occupy the second grade. According to available documents and with regard to mean follow up of patients in 3.2 years the rate of survival was 54%.
K. Karvandian, A. Ghiasi, K. Ghazisaidi, H Nahvi, H Poorang, V Mehrabi,
Volume 63, Issue 2 (12 2005)
Abstract
Background: Chang in the serum K+ level may increase perioperative morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Thus this research was done with the aim of evaluated of K+ change in kidney transplant recipients. Hence the following study was carried to evaluate the fluctuation of potassium ion in the kidney transplant recipient patients.
Materials and Methods: In a simple randomized clinical trial the serum K+ level was assessed in 40 kidney transplant candidates as following interval, pretransplantation, during renal art, anastomosis, after diuresis and post transplantation period. After hydration with 5 ml/kg normal saline all patient were undergone general anesthesia identically. They were premedicated fentanyl (2µg/kg), induction was performed by thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg). Tracheal intubation was facifitated with atracurium (0.6 mg/kg). Anesthesia was maintained with N2O + O2 50%, halothane 0.1% and fentonyl 1 µg/kg every 30 min.
Results: The least mean K+ level was during anastomosis (ie. 3.5±0.24 mmol/L) and showed a decrease in the serum K+ level compared to preoperative period (mean 4.4±0.48 mmol) (P< 0.001). The maximum serum K+ level detected preoperatively and postoperatively were 5 (mmol/ L) and 4.7 (mmol/L) respectively.
Conclusion: Despite the above results we inferred that range of serum K+ level was maintained within normal. Therefore with suitable pereoprative assessment hyperkalemia is a rare occurrence in transplant recipients.
Kalantari M, Raeisosadat Ma, Ahmadi J, Nahvi H, Fallahi G, Mehrabi V,
Volume 63, Issue 3 (12 2005)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of electrolyte and ABG abnormalities in infants with HPS and also we evaluate other parameters of the study.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study covers 161 infants with HPS hospitalized in children Medical center of Tehran university underwent surgical repair from march 1996 to march 2002 .
Results & Conclusion: The results indicated that Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis had occurred in 40% of patients. The sex ratio was 3/1 =M/F and the most time of presentation was between 15t and 5st week and the most presenting sign was vomiting. Clinical icter happened to be found in 15% of patients. The incidence of accompanying anomalies was 9% and olive sign was palpable in 40%. The best way for evaluating and diagnosis was sonography. The mean period to begin postoperative feeding was 30 hours&apos no complication related to option was reported after operation.
A.s Moosavi, F Mehrabi , Z Ghanbari,
Volume 64, Issue 1 (30 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tension-free Tape for the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.
Materials and Methods: In a prospective open study for pre and post operative, we followed 36 patients at least 1.5 years after surgery (18-28 months) all patients underwent the operation under local anesthesia, allowing the surgeon to check intra-operatively that continence has been obtained.
Results: Mean operation time was 36 minutes (range 20-45 minutes). 32(89%) of the patients was cured according to the protocol, another 3(8.3%) were significantly improved and there was 1(2.7%) failure. Mast of patients (about 91%) were operated on a one day-care basis, which implies that they were released from the hospital the day after the procedure, and no post operative catheterization, defect healing and tape rejection occurred. Pain free recovery time without any analgesic was another benefit. Five patients needed an indwelling catheter for 3 days and two uncomplicated hematoma occurred.
Conclusion: Based on the results, we conclude that Tension-free Vaginal Tape is a safe and effective ambulatory procedure for surgical treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence, which allows the majority of the women to be discharged from the clinic the day after the procedure and start their works in the second week.
Farahmand F, Khatami Gh, Mehrabi V.a, Mahjoob F, Ezadyar M, Mehdizadeh M,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (8 2008)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to review the frequency, histopathology and outcome in children with tumors of the liver.
Methods: Included in this retrospective/descriptive study were 30 children treated for liver tumors from 1375-1384 (ca. 1996-2005), at Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. We included the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic data of our patients, focusing on the frequency, etiology and outcome.
Results: Patient ages ranged from three months to 12 years (median 3.8 years), with 18 males (60%) and 12 females (40%). Of these, 17 patients had hepatoblastoma (55.66%), including 13 males and four females, with an age range of six months to five years. Four cases (13.33%) had neuroblastoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was found in three cases (10%), all of whom were carriers of hepatitis B. Two cases (6.66%) were diagnosed with mesenchymal hamartoma, two cases (6.66%) with hemangioendothelioma and two cases (6.66%) with rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma of the biliary tract. Abdominal swelling and hepatomegaly were seen in all of patients. Jaundice was observed in two cases. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 500 ng/ml were seen in 17 cases (56.66%). All patients were receiving specific treatment. The three-year survival rate was 65% for hepatoblastoma and 2% for HCC
Conclusion: With the introduction of specific treatment, the survival rate for children with tumors of the liver has significantly increased. Further improvement can be achieved using diagnostic biopsy for hepatoblastoma, although it may result in complications, and preoperative chemotherapy followed by complete surgical excision (per International Society of Pediatric Oncology guidelines), yielding an outstanding survival rate of 80%.
Jangjoo A, Mehrabi Bahar M, Aliakbarian M,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (6 2009)
Abstract
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Background: Seroma
formation, or the subcutaneous collection of fluid, is a common problem after
surgery for the breast cancer. It may lead to wound-related complications and
also can delay adjuvant therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the
effect of various clinical and therapeutic variables on seroma formation.
Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of patients who
underwent surgical therapy for breast cancer was carried out. Modified radical
mastectomy was performed on 67 patients (65%) and 28 patients (27.2%) underwent breast conservative surgery. Simple
extended mastectomy was done for the remaining 8 patients (7.8%). Seroma
formation was studied in relation to age, type of surgery, tumor size, nodal
involvement, preoperative chemotherapy, surgical instrument (electrocautery or
scalpel), use of pressure garment, and duration of drainage. All of the
patients followed for 4 weeks after surgery.
Results: A total of 103 patients with breast cancer were studied. The mean
age of the patients was 48.3 years (25-82). Seroma occurred in 27 (26.2%) patients. There was
statistically significant relation between age and seroma formation after
breast cancer surgery (p=0.005), while other factors studied was found to be
significantly ineffective. In addition, there was not any relation between
seroma formation and drain duration. However, two factors including type of the
operation and level of lymphatic dissection was considerable with confidence
interval up to 90%, but it was not statistically significant with
confidence interval >95% (p=0.068 and 0.063 respectively).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the age is a predicting
factor for seroma formation in breast cancer patients, while other factors do
not significantly affect that.
Shahbazkhani B, Mehrabi Gh, Nasiritosi M, Forotan H, Asefirad Sh,
Volume 68, Issue 7 (7 2010)
Abstract
Background: In the patients with chronic liver disease chronic increase in serum transaminases may remain of undetermined cause despite thorough investigations. Celiac disease (non tropical sprue) has been reported as one of the causes of elevated levels of serum transaminases. The aim of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the frequency of celiac disease among patients with liver disease with chronic unexplained hypertransaminasemia.
Methods: One hundred patients with unexplained elevated liver enzymes who referred to gastroenterology and hepatology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran from March 2009 to March 2010, and no cause were found for this elevation after initial clinical and paraclinical assessments and tests were enrolled in a cross sectional study. After measurement of Anti tTG IgA antibody in the serum of the patients, the biopsy of second part of duodenum were performed in cases with positive results and were assessed regarding evidences of celiac and finally the diagnosis of celiac diseas was confirmed.
Results: The mean age of patients was 39.79±16.77 and 55% of patients were male. The celiac disease was confirmed in 6% of patients (CI: 95%: 2.78- 12.48%). There were no significant differences between frequency of both sexes and means of age, ALT, and AST in the study patients.
Conclusion: In our study, the frequency of celiac disease among patients with chronic liver disease with unknown elevated liver enzymes was 6% which is near the frequency derived from other studies that has been reported.
Mehrabian Sedigheh , Majd Ahmad , Kheiri Ali,
Volume 69, Issue 12 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the world and many mutagens are the cause of death in millions of patients. Due to the side effects of anticancer drugs, scientists are in search of natural drugs with fewer side effects and more therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to, firstly, investigate the antimutgenic effects of different Aloe vera gel and latex extracts on mutated Salmonella typhimurium bacterium by using Ames test and to, secondly, study the probable effects of the habitat conditions on the antimutagenic effects of the plant.
Methods: After preparing different Aloe vera gel and latex extracts, the antimutagenic effects of the extracts were evaluated by Ames test. In this test, a mutated strain of S. typhimurium was grown on culture media containing a minimum of salt and glucose in the presence of a mutagen substance (NaN3). Subsequently, only those bacteria that had turned HIS+ by reverse mutation formed colonies. As different alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Aloe vera reduced reversed mutations, the difference between the means of revertant mutants per plate was calculated by one-way ANOVA using SPSS software (version 18).
Results: The ethanol extracts of latex from Karaj had a maximum (91%) and aqueous extract from Dezfoul had a minimum (42%) percentage of inhibition.
Conclusion: Maximum percentage of inhibition was observed in the extracts of the plant cultivated in Karaj reflecting the impact of environmental conditions on the construction of antioxidant compounds in plants.
Reza Yarani , Kamran Mansouri , Ali Bidmeshkipour , Maryam Mehrabi , Ali Ebrahimi , Kaikaoos Gholami , Kheirollah Yari , Ali Mostafaie ,
Volume 71, Issue 3 (June 2013)
Abstract
Background: Primary culture takes place following the cell isolation from tissues. Isolation and culture of melanocytes based on their roll in the protection of body against hazardous sun rays, production of skin, cornea and hair color is really important. This study was done to set isolation, culture and proliferation of melanocytes from children foreskin and adult eyelashes, and also comparison of two types of melanocyte culture medium.
Methods: Human foreskin and eyelash samples were used for melanocyte isolation and culture. After isolation of epidermis from dermis, epidermis cell suspensions were prepared by enzymatic digestion. The isolated cells were cultured in two melanocyte selective culture media. Immunocytochemistary and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used for confirmation of isolated and cultured melanocytes.
Results: Our results indicated that isolated melanocyte cultured in the selective medium without phorbol esters is better than the melanocytes cultured in selective medium cont-aining phorbol esters not only morphologically but also physiologically and from the aspect of cell adhesion. In addition, the results showed that isolated melanocyte from adult eyelashes are more dendritic than melanocytes isolated from children foreskin. Conversely, our results indicated that the number of cell passages in melanocyte isolat-ed from foreskin is more than melanocytes isolated from adult eyelashes.
Conclusion: Melanocytes cultured in selective medium containing convenient growth factors in absence of phorbol esters show more native physiological and adhesive properties. In addition, melanocyte isolated from younger tissues such as foreskin have better proliferative and sub-culturing properties so we suggest isolation and culture of younger tissues.
Maryam Amirazodi , Farhad Daryanoosh , Mohamad Ali Babaee Begi , Maryam Koshki Jahromi , Amin Mehrabi ,
Volume 71, Issue 3 (June 2013)
Abstract
Background: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays an important role in modulating coronary blood flow and heart rate. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of low intensity aerobic exercise on plasma levels of VIP hormone, blood pressure and heart rate in healthy elderly men and women, and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: In this study, 15 healthy women and 15 healthy men and 15 female and 15 male with CAD disease were randomly chosen as the experimental and control groups. Subjects did aerobic exercises tree days/week, for eight weeks, with the heart rate of 10010 beats per minute. Blood samples were taken from each subject in three stages, (before, immediately after and 24 hours after the 8 weeks of exercising).
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference among plasma VIP levels in the four groups. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the systolic blood pressure in the four groups (P=0.01) and the systolic blood pressure in male patients and healthy women (P=0.03) while there was no meaningful difference the systolic blood pressure in the two other groups. There was also a significant difference in the heart rate of the three rounds of sampling in the three of groups (P=0.002) but no significant difference was observed in healthy men.
Conclusion: According to the above results, it seems that the duration and intensity of each workout should be considered to reach the VIP stimulation threshold. It may bring about considerable changes in VIP levels.
Razieh Zarifian Yeganeh , Abbas Shakoori Garakani , Saman Mehrabi , Nader Ebadi, Maziar Motiee Langroudi , Mohammad Reza Noori Daloii,
Volume 75, Issue 7 (October 2017)
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the malignancy of squamous cells (the epidermal layer of skin) in cavities in head and neck includes: larynx, pharynx, paranasal sinuses and oral cavity. The main goal of this research was to understand the effect of mutations in two important genes (KRAS and BRAF) in RAS/MAP kinase (EGFR) signaling pathway in tumor cells with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Iran.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study performed from October 2015 to September 2016 on 40 patients suffering from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, all confirmed by pathology department of Imam Khomeini hospital. Tumor samples were achieved from the surgical cancer department of Imam Khomeini hospital and stored in liquid nitrogen until starting tests. The tests done in genetic laboratory of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Techniques we used in this research, were DNA extraction based on phenol-chloroform approach, Multiplex PCR (M-PCR) to amplify mentioned exons and KRAS/BRAF strip assays to detect mutations in mutated hotspots in exon 2 of KRAS and codon V600E in BRAF gene.
Results: In this study, we observed 7 mutations in codons 12 and 13 exon 2 in KRAS gene (about 17.5%) and 4 mutations in codon V600E in BRAF gene (about 10%) of obtained tumor samples. The hotspot mutation in codon 12 were Asp (10%) and Ser (5%) respectively. In BRAF, the most common mutation, as we expected according to other researches, was observed in codon V600E. We also observed that 29 people of these patients were male (about 72.5%) and 11 patients were female (about 27.5%). Moreover, 28 patients were over 50 years, while 7 patients were below the age of 50.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mutations in genes KRAS and BRAF especially in studied hotspots, and the effects on their molecules in EGFR signaling pathway are important in involving head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as other cancers. These findings may be considered in choosing drugs for targeted chemotherapy.
Elham Naghshineh, Minoo Movahedi , Hatav Tehrani , Maryam Hajhashemi , Ferdows Mehrabian, Fatemeh Jahani, Fedyeh Haghollahi,
Volume 79, Issue 12 (March 2022)
Abstract
Background: Assisted reproductive techniques have increased the chances of pregnancy for couples looking for a way to treat their infertility. To increase the effectiveness of these methods, studies are needed to identify the determinants of a successful pregnancy with these techniques.
Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional retrospective study that was performed on 253 couples who were referred for infertility treatment to the infertility clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan from April 2019 to March 2020 to evaluate the results of pregnancy in vitro fertilization. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from patient records were collected and entered into checklists.
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Results: Out of 253 couples, eighty-five (33.6%) became pregnant by IVF. The mean age of women with successful pregnancies was 33.96±5.2 years and in the unsuccessful pregnancies was 35.84±5.07 years. The results of this study showed that women who had a successful pregnancy after IVF were significantly younger than women who did not have a successful pregnancy (P=0.006). In the classification of patients into two groups of positive and negative pregnancies, younger age, adequate vitamin D levels, and higher sperm motility were the determinants of pregnancy in the first period of fertilization (Fresh protocol). Also, the existence of a failed history of infertility treatment in couples has been introduced as a negative factor for IVF fertility. 13(15.9%) abortions occurred and 11(12.9%) infants who were born with this method needed intensive care.
Conclusion: Lower age at the time of fertilization, higher vitamin D levels, and more active sperms were found to have important and prognostic roles in the success of pregnancy by in vitro fertilization technique.
The results of the present study showed that, Increased unsuccessful treatment has been associated with the history of failed treatment. Therefore, to respond to the relationship between previous infertility treatments and success in subsequent pregnancies in the IVF process, It is recommended to conduct studies with larger sample size and at a higher time efficiency.
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Seyed Kamal Eshagh Hossaini , Javad Hakimelahi, Mohammad Aghaali, Zahra Mehrabi, Rasool Karimi Matlob , Saeed Karimi Matlob,
Volume 80, Issue 10 (January 2023)
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (autoimmune), the most common cause of acute onset of thrombocytopenia in children who are otherwise healthy. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the response to treatment in hospitalized children.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by examining the files of patients hospitalized due to ITP in Hazrat Masoumeh (S) Hospital from April 2009 to March 2019. The criteria for inclusion in the study included confirming the diagnosis of ITP and the age of 1 month to 14 years, and the exclusion criteria included cases of discharge with personal consent and not completing the patient's treatment course, the presence of pancytopenia or bicytopenia, the presence of moderate or severe splenomegaly or severe in clinical examinations, BMA based on the presence of a diagnosis other than ITP, not receiving any of the ITP treatment protocols, and patients whose first visit with the diagnosis of ITP was in another center or city. The information about age, sex, clinical symptoms on arrival, initial platelets and the platelets of days 3, 5, 14 and 180 were extracted from the patients' files. The type of treatment protocol, the need to repeat the treatment, the recurrence of the disease and the major complications of the treatment were extracted from the patients' files and finally the data were analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: The response to the treatment on different days was unrelated to the age, gender, and initial platelets (except for one exception) (P>0.05). In relation to clinical symptoms, the response to treatment on days three and five was related to the clinical symptoms at the time of presentation and on days 14 and 180 it was unrelated. Response to treatment on days 3 and 5 in different treatment protocols had a significant relationship (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference on days 14 and 180.
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Conclusion: The best response was in the combined treatment group with methylprednisolone and IVIg, and the lowest response to treatment was observed in those receiving methylprednisolone alone.
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Arezoo Mehrabian, Hamed Ghaffari, Soheila Refahi , Mohammad Haghparast , Abolhasan Rezaeyan,
Volume 80, Issue 12 (March 2023)
Abstract
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Adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy can control biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy and reduce the risk of distant metastases. Dose-escalated radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy can lead to improved biochemical relapse-free survival. Over the last decades, despite the technological advancements in prostate radiotherapy, radiation-induced rectal toxicity is still the main limiting factor for dose escalation owing to the anatomical proximity of the prostate gland to the rectum. To this end, several rectal sparing devices, including Endorectal balloons (ERBs), prostate-rectum spacers (e.g. SpaceOAR hydrogel), and rectal retractor have been explored to increase the distance between the prostate and the rectum to reduce rectal radiation doses and toxicities. Over the last decade, several studies applied these devices during post-prostatectomy radiotherapy setting. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of rectal sparing devices on dose-volume parameters of anorectal, radiation-induced rectal toxicity, and prostate bed motion during post-prostatectomy radiotherapy. The results showed that although using ERBs can lead to stability in the target volume position, it cannot reduce rectal radiation doses, in particular dose to the anterior rectal wall. The application of ERBs can reduce the received dose of the anal wall and increase the geometric reproducibility of the clinical target volume (CTV) position. However, the role of ERBs in reducing the received dose of the rectal wall is still controversial, which can be associated with the displacement of the anterior rectal wall towards the prostate bed (high radiation dose area). The use of SpaceOAR hydrogel can significantly increase the distance between the rectum and the prostate bed and ultimately reduce the dose received by the rectal wall. Also, the use of rectal retractor remarkably reduces rectal radiation doses. The dosimetric and clinical results of the use of SpaceOAR hydrogel and rectal retractor are very promising, and these devices can be used for patients after the necessary evaluations by radiation oncologist in post-prostatectomy radiotherapy. However, further studies will be required to elucidate the efficacy of SpaceOAR hydrogel and rectal retractor in reducing radiotherapy-induced rectal toxicity following post-prostatectomy radiotherapy.
Keywords: prostatectomy, prostate cancer, radiotherapy, rectum.
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