Showing 5 results for Mohraz
A Kazemi , M Emami , M Nasirzadeh , M Mohraz , M Sheedfar ,
Volume 56, Issue 4 (1 1998)
Abstract
In an attempt to investigate the fungous infections of AIDS stricken patients, a study which lasted 1.5 years was conducted, in which 21 patients were examined. The subjects were 20 males and a female. One of the male patients was from Uganda, another was an intravenous drug addict, and one had been abroad for sometimes and had received blood there. All other patients had also blood transfusion instances before 1984. To do the research, 414 laboratory specimens were gathered and examined regarding fungus involvement. The result showed 104 negative and 310 positive cases. Based on these findings and also clinical examination, all patients suffered from one or more fungous infections in the forms of oral candidiasis, perleche, candidal onychomycosis, perianal candidiasis, mucocutaneous candidiasis, tinea versicolor, pityrosporosis and rhodotrulosis. The latter caused skin lesion with scaling and is being reported for the first time. Candida parapsilosis and trichosporon pololans were also isolated specimens. However, concerning the diagnostic value of trichosporon pololans more investigation is needed.
Mohraz M, Jonaidi N, Rasoulinejad M, Broum M A, Aligholi M , Shahsavan Sh,
Volume 61, Issue 3 (14 2003)
Abstract
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a predominantly nosocomial pathogen which its prevalence has increased worldwide over the past three decades.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The following study is designed for determination of prevalence of MRSA infection through measurement of MICs of S. aureus isolates in Imam Khomeini Hospital (a teaching hospital) from November 2001 to January 2003. A total number of 402 specimens were isolated and specified as S. aureus by Imam Khomeini microbiology lab. Demographic and clinical data and results of MIC were analysed by Epilnfo 6 software.
Results: During the study, staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 402 patients that 187 (46.5%) of isolates were MRSA and 215 (53.5%) were MSSA. Of 402 patients, 254 (63.2%) were male and 148 (36.8%) were female. The difference of the prevalence of MRSA between males and females was not statistically significant (p= 0.09). The difference in mean age in MRSA and MSSA groups was not statistically significant (p= 0.55). In the age group of < 1 month, the prevalence of MRSA infection was significantly higher than other groups (P= 0.01).
Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of MRSA infection was increased, statistically significant in the presence of such factors as sepsis, longer duration of hospitalization, hospital- acquired infection, history of invasive procedure, history of antimicrobials used in the past 3 months and type of administered antimicrobial (s), history of hospitalization in the preceding year, certain underlying diseases, type of admission ward, type of infection, type of specimen and type of administered antimicrobials for treatment. Surprisingly, the prevalence of MRSA infection in IV drug user group was low that was statistically significant (p< 0.0001). In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in outcome between MRSA infected and MSSA infected patients. Based on results of this study, prevalence of infections due MRSA in this hospital are high, therefore addition to diagnosis of risk factors of MRSA infections, application of standard infection control practices should be done for limitation of these infections.
Z Ahmadinejad, Sh Phyroosbakhsh, Z.n Hatmy, B Bagherian, H Sabery, M Bahador, M Nikzad, M Jamali Zavare, A Hadady, M Hajiabdolbaghi, M Mohraz, M. Rasolinejad, A Soudbakhsh, A Yalda,
Volume 64, Issue 2 (30 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Tuberculous pleural effusion occurs in 30% of patients with tuberculosis (TB). Rapid diagnosis of a tuberculous pleural effusion would greatly facilitate the management of many patients. The purpose of this study was to determine sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of clinical, laboratory, radiographic findings in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion.
Materials and Methods: The cross sectional study was performed between august 2002 and March 2004 at a referral teaching hospital. Major clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings were evaluated in 88 cases of pleural effusion, 33 with confirmed TB pleural effusion (TBPE) and 55 with a diagnosis other than TB (NTBPE).
Results: The sensitivity of culture of pleural effusion and tissue were 3% and 9.1% respectively. The mean of adenosine deaminase (ADA) values in TBPE was 36.7 U/L (±18.72), and the mean in the NTBPE was 28.2 U/L (±17.0). Both the sensitivity and specificity of ADA estimation in diagnosing tuberculosis were 55%. The sensitivity of PCR was 3% with specificity of 12.7% (positive predictive value, 50% negative predictive value, 70%). Younger age (p<0.024), positive history of exposure to TB patient (p<0.02), and the combination of fever, weight loss and sweating (p<0.01), were associated with tuberculous pleural effusion. There were also significant association between Positive sputum smear (p<0.001), positive sputum culture (p<0.006), positive pleural biopsy (p<0.001), pleural LDH>200 (p<0.005), pleural lymphocytes>50% (p<0.015) and TBPE.
Conclusions: In our region with a high incidence of tuberculosis, the most frequent cause of exudative pleural effusion is tuberculosis. We suggest that the diagnostic planning of pleural effusion should be determined in each region with a view to the adoption of regionally optimized diagnostic and therapeutic facilities.
M. Hasibi, M. Mohraz, M. Haji Abdolbaghi, M. Rasouli Nejad, A. Bayat,
Volume 64, Issue 4 (1 2006)
Abstract
Background: Acute bacterial sinusitis is one of the most common causes for antibacterial treatment. Oral Penbactam (ampicillin- sulbactum or Sultamicillin) is a broad spectrum antibiotic and it has no significant side effect. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Iran in which, oral Penbactam has been prescribed for patients with acute bacterial sinusitis.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 44 outpatients diagnosed with acute bacterial sinusitis in Amir- Aalam Hospital from March 2003-2004 to August 2004. Patients were randomized in 2 group: 23 to oral Penbactam (375 mg twice daily), and 21 to oral Co-amoxicolav (625 mg three times daily). Duration of treatment was 10 days for both groups.
Results: Both groups showed a significant clinical improvement after 10 days of treatment. In the Penbactam group, 19 of 23 (86.36%) and in the Co-amoxicolav group ,18 of 21 (85.71%) showed clinical improvement. In the Penbactam group, one patient (4.3 %) developed diarrhea and the medication was discontinued.
Conclusion: Oral Penbactam is an effective and safe antibiotic in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis and could be used as an alternative medication for acute bacterial sinusitis.
Anousheh Safarcherati , Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili , Behrang Shadloo , Minoo Mohraz , Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar ,
Volume 73, Issue 10 (January 2016)
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in world. There are more than 35 million people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Although the annual incidence of HIV infection is decreasing globally, HIV prevalence is rising due to development of more effective treatment and higher survival. Iran suffers from concentrated HIV epidemics among injecting and non-injecting drug users. There are more than 27 thousand registered cases of HIV infection and it is estimated that there are above seventy eight thousand cases in the country. Regarding the burden of disease, it is projected that HIV/AIDS will have the highest growth during the next 10 years. The outcome of this epidemics will be determined by human behavior. HIV, psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders are closely correlated and are accompanied by similar risk factors. They also share common consequences such as stigma and discrimination. Correlation of psychiatric disorders, as one of the most influential determinants of our behavior, and HIV/AIDS infection is reviewed in this narrative article. Psychiatric disorders are associated with greater risk of HIV acquisition. Substance use disorders, both injecting and non-injecting, as well as severe mental illnesses put the individual at higher risk of acquiring HIV infection. Impaired judgment, diminished inhibition and control over behaviors, lack of insight and poor self-care have been proposed as the underlying mechanisms. On the other hand, HIV infection may put the individual at greater risk of developing a mental illness. Coping with a chronic and life-threatening illness, fear of stigma and discrimination, CNS invasion of the virus as well as the adverse neuropsychiatric side effects of anti-retroviral medications may all contribute to establishment of a psychiatric disorder. Although there exists a bi-directional correlation between mental health problems and HIV/AIDS infection, this reciprocity goes beyond. Psychiatric disorders can affect the patient’s adherence, access to treatment and care and can worsen the course and clinical outcome of the infection. The clinical importance, underlying mechanism and other implications of this correlation are reviewed in this article.
