Showing 7 results for Nikkhah
Behjati Ardakani S, Nikkhah A, Sedaghat M,
Volume 65, Issue 3 (2 2007)
Abstract
Background: Kernicterus, also known as bilirubin encephalopathy, is a neurologic syndrome resulting from the deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in the basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei. Indirect bilirubin is toxic for brain. Neurologic dysfunction (BIND) that include acute phase (hyperbilirubin encephalopathy) and chronic phase (Kernicterus) resulting from hyperbilirubinemia and disruption of blood brain barrier. In this study, the association between bilirubin encephalopathy and risk factors was evaluated.
Methods: In this retrospective study, 312 icteric neonates were admitted in the neonatal ward of Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Tehran, and 305 of these cases were evaluated. Patient histories were taken and physical examinations were performed. For each patient, the age, sex, birth weight, time of discharge from the hospital and risk factors were recorded, and a questionnaire was completed.
Results: In this study, of the 305 icteric neonates evaluated, 25 cases had kernicterus. Risk factors included acidosis, prematurity, hemolysis, hypoglycemia, sepsis, respiratory distress, low birth weight, ABO incompatibility and G6PD deficiency. The mean level of bilirubin in cases of kernicterus was 32 mg/dl and in the others was 20 mg/dl (p=0.001). Kernicterus was most common among high risk neonates (p<0.001). Birth weight less than 2,500 gm was also an important factor (p=0.04).
Conclusion: High-risk neonates need prompt treatment for hyperbilirubinemia compared to low risk neonates.
Soltan Dallal Mm, Nikkhahi F, Khirkhah A, Molaei S, Hosseyni Sk, Rastegar Lari A, Rahimi Foroushani A, Khoshzaban A, Kalafi Z,
Volume 69, Issue 10 (5 2012)
Abstract
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Background: Human
amniotic membrane (HAM) forms the inner wall of the membranous sac that surrounds and
protects the embryo during gestation.
The main advantages of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in the treatment of bacterial
keratitis are its epithelial bandage properties. Previous studies have
documented the presence of some antimicrobial proteins and peptides in amniotic
fluid such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, bactericidal or permeability increasing
protein, calprotectin (MRP8/14 protein complex), LL37, and neutrophil defensins (Human Neutrophil Peptides, HNP
1-3). Furthermore, the amniotic membrane does
not express HLA-A, B, C or DR surface antigens, which may help avoid rejection after its transplantation.
Thus, it can be used as a biological immune barrier. The purpose of this study was
to evaluate the effectiveness of the amniotic membrane's healing properties in
rabbits with pseudomonas keratitis.
Methods : By using an animal model, 14 rabbits were divided into two groups of controls and cases. A syringe was used to inoculate
the corneal stroma of the animals by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. After 20 hours
pseudomonas keratitis was created and amniotic membrane was transplanted to the
cornea of the case group. The infiltration size were observed on the first, third
and seventh days after the experiment.
Results : Corneal perforation was seen in the controls (P<0.001) but amniotic membrane
prevented perforation in the case group (P=0.02).
Conclusion: Transplantation of
amniotic membrane in the primary stages of pseudomonas keratitis treatment remarkably
prevents corneal perforation and it can be used to control the disease process.
Khosro Barkhordari , Samaneh Yaghooti , Sepideh Nikkhah , Afsaneh Aein , Arash Jalali , Akbar Shafiee ,
Volume 74, Issue 9 (December 2016)
Abstract
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Background: We retrospectively compared the clinical outcome of post-cardiac surgery tracheal extubation between patients extubated with a lower than normal pH and patients extubated according to our routine institutional protocol. Our main goal was to clarify that strict adherence to the current criteria is dispensable.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we recruited 256 patients who met our study criteria and divided them into the exposed group (n= 95) and the control group (n= 161). The inclusion criteria consisted of coronary artery bypass grafting alone and age> 18 years. The exclusion criteria comprised the use of corticosteroids in the preceding 2 weeks, Serum creatinine (SCr)> 2 mg/dL, uncontrolled diabetes, liver dysfunction, Glasgow coma scale <13, and acetazolamide and sodium bicarbonate use. The arterial blood gas (ABG) characteristics before and 6 hours after extubation, extubation failure rate, length of stay in the in ICU, length of stay in the hospital and mortality were compared between the two groups.
Results: In the control group, the males outnumbered the females and the ejection fraction was higher relative to that in the exposure group (P= 0.01 and P= 0.02, respectively). There were more patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the exposure group (P< 0.005) and also the euroSCORE was higher (P< 0.002). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the ABG values at the time of ICU admission. Significantly higher levels of FiO2 and PaCO2 (P< 0.001 for both) as well as lower HCO3 and pH (P< 0.001 for both) were observed in the exposure group immediately before extubation. Following extubation, there was a significant increase in pH and a significant reduction in FiO2 need in the exposure group (P< 0.001 for both). The extubation failure rate, length of stay in the in ICU, length of stay in the hospital, and mortality rate were not different between the 2 groups.
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Conclusion: The patients with a lower than normal pH, tracheal extubated at the discretion of the ICU anesthesiologist did not have a clinical outcome worse than that of the patients extubated in accordance with our routine institutional protocol.
Seyed Mohammad Reza Shokrollahi, Hosein Heydari , Sajad Rezvan, Akram Barati, Mohammad Hassan Nikkhah ,
Volume 76, Issue 3 (June 2018)
Abstract
Background: Rash is a common complaint in children that has many causes and the various differential diagnoses. Therefore, urgent and appropriate clinical diagnosis is necessary to provide immediate medical intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of skin rash in children hospitalized due to rash.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on all patients admitted for skin rashes in Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom, Iran from 2010 to 2015. In this study, the data of 317 patients who were admitted to the early diagnosis of rash were collected from patients' files and recorded in the checklist.
Results: According to our study, the most common causes of skin rashes in children were viruses with a share of 40.69% (129 cases), allergic causes being as prevalent as 21.77% (69 cases) and drug induced rashes that accounted for 20.50% (65 cases). Based on the site and type of rashes, the most common type of rashes were maculopapular rashes with 42% and hives with 31.9% prevalence, and the most common site of involvement was diffuse involvement that would account for 84% of the cases. In terms of drug use history, 35.6% had a history of antibiotic use prior to admission, and 14.5% had an antiepileptic drug use history. There was a significant relationship between the cause of rashes and the season of presentation (P< 0.05) as well as the age of presentation (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that there is a significant relationship between the season and age of occurrence, but the use of these factors as a benchmark for the diagnosis of rash requires more studies. Paying attention to the causes of rash in children, knowing about these factors, and continuous evaluation of these patients can help in advancing a proper management of the problem of patients. The most frequent factors were viruses and then allergic and pharmaceutical agents, and the most common type was maculopapular.
Mehrnaz Nikkhah Bodaghi , Iradj Maleki , Shahram Agah , Azita Hekmatdoost ,
Volume 76, Issue 11 (February 2019)
Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the two essential factors determining ulcerative colitis (UC) onset and severity status. In present study, we aimed to investigate short-term effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent on the quality of life, disease activity index and some of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors in patients with active mild to moderate UC.
Methods: This study was a double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial conducted in nutrition and diet therapy clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, from October 2017 to June 2018. Forty-six patients with active mild to moderate UC daily consumed four capsules of 500 mg dried ginger powder or similar placebo through eating their meals for 6 weeks. Before and after intervention, we analyzed patient´s scores of disease activity index, by simple clinical colitis activity index questionnaire (SCCAIQ) as well as their quality of life using inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire-9 (IBDQ-9). We also measured serum concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), high sensitive (hs)-CRP and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in fasted blood samples of each participant. Additionally, anthropometric and dietary intake values of energy, macro/micronutrients and minerals of all of participants were assessed at the same time.
Results: While the mean of anthropometric measures and dietary intake values remained unchanged during the study, MDA level decreased in ginger group (P=0.04) compared with placebo group. Additionally, ginger supplementation successfully lowered serum levels of TNF-α and disease activity index after 6 weeks of intervention compared with baseline in ginger consumer group, however the increase of quality of life score was not statistically significant in mentioned group versus baseline values. No significant change in other study outcomes was observed at the end of 6 weeks within and between groups.
Conclusion: Our data indicates that two grams per day supplementation with dried ginger powder can reduce oxidative stress level of patients with active mild to moderate UC.
Amirhosein Faraji , Mehdi Nikkhah, Masoume Pouladi, Farhad Zamani, Seyed Vahid Mahmudi, Khatereh Yaghubzadeh Getabi ,
Volume 79, Issue 8 (November 2021)
Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer of the bile duct epithelium that originates from the bile ducts inside or outside the liver. Although this tumor is not common, its mortality rate is high. This tumor accounts for about 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Many patients are being detected when the disease has spread. Evaluating risk factors affecting the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is very important to avoid exposure to them. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in a population in Iran.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It was performed on 276 patients with cholangiocarcinoma who had been referred to Firoozgar Hospital affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran from March 2020 to February 2021. Demographic information, family and personal history, social history (tobacco or drug use) and blood group of patients were extracted from their files. SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis. A P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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Results: The mean±SD age of patients was 65.97±13.07 years, of whom 65.6% were male and 34.4% were females. The most common site of cholangiocarcinoma was the distal part of the bile ducts and the most common blood group was O+. The main manifestations were jaundice and pruritus. Among the risk factors, the most common ones were smoking, high blood pressure, history of gallstones, opium use, history of cancer of other systems in the family, history of cholecystectomy and diabetes mellitus. While, the lowest prevalence of risk factors was related to heroin use, IBD, Gallbladder polyps, pancreatitis and alcohol consumption. None of the patients in our study had a history of viral hepatitis or PSC.
Conclusion: This was a cross-sectional study and only in the group of cholangiocarcinoma patients, therefore, larger prospective studies are recommended to examine underlying mechanisms of malignant transformation in the biliary tree.
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Kasra Mardani, Farhad Nikkhahi, Fatemeh Fardsanei,
Volume 81, Issue 9 (December 2023)
Abstract
Background: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the leading causes of food-borne infections associated with the consumption of contaminated food products of animal origin in humans. gastroenteritis due to Salmonella is usually a self-limiting disease and does not require antibiotic therapy. However, antibiotic treatment for salmonellosis may be lifesaving for patients with severe infections.The objective of the present study was to examine antimicrobial resistance and determine its genetic basis in recently isolated S.Enteritidis strains.
Methods: During this study, in a cross-sectional descriptive study, 44 isolates of Salmonella enteritidis from human sources were investigated between September 2021 and September 2022.. After identification of the isolates using phenotypic and molecular methods by Multoplex-PCR, antibiotic resistance testing was performed according CLSI 2023. The strains were examined for the presence of qnrA,qnrB,qnrS and gyrA resistance genes by PCR.
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Results: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 44 isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis from human sources were investigated between September 2022 and September 2023. 100% of the strains were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem, and the sensitivity to the antibiotics ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime were 93.2%, 90.9%, and 94.1%, respectively. 81.8% of isolates were sensitive to cotrimoxazole, sensitivity to ampicillin was 84.1%. Only 9.1% of isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Based on MIC results, 16 isolates had MIC between 0.002 and 0.064 and were placed in the sensitive area. 28 isolates had MIC between 0.125 and 0.5 and were placed in the area of reduced sensitivity. None of the strains resistant to disk diffusion method were resistant to MIC method. qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes were not observed among ciprofloxacin resistant strains. All nalidixic acid resistant strains had gyrA gene.
Conclusion: In general, it was shown in this study that the resistance to the fluoroquinolone family is increasing among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates. On the other hand, we see a decrease in the sensitivity and prevalence of strains resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins among serovar Enteritidis, which is the drug of choice for extraintestinal infections.
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