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Effect of moderate-intensity aerobic training on alkaline phosphatase gene expression and serum markers of bone turnover in sedentary postmenopausal women
Bakhtiar Tartibian , Zeinab Sheikhlou , Abbas Malandish , Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi , Rogayee Afsar Garebag,
Volume 74, Issue 10 (January 2017)
Abstract

Background: Studies show that aerobic exercise prevents osteoporosis in menopause by stimulating osteoblastic cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on alkaline phosphatase gene expression, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and calcium in sedentary women.

Methods: This investigation is a semi-experimental study that was performed in September 2015 at Urmia University, Iran. The statistical population was all healthy and sedentary postmenopausal women 50 to 65 years old in Urmia city. Twenty sedentary postmenopausal women with an average age 60.12±2.12 yr, weight 72.35±10.50 kg, and body mass index 29.46±3.24 kg/m2 voluntarily and bona fide participated in this study, and then subjects were randomly divided to the Exercise/E (10 women) and Control/C (10 women) groups by random sampling method. E group performed of 12 weeks walking and jogging moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at 65-70% maximal heart rate of training, three sessions per week and per session 50-60 (min), but the C group participated in no intervention. Twenty-four hours before and after the 12-week training program were taken blood samples in order to measure of alkaline phosphatase gene expression and serum markers of bone in the E and C Groups. Evaluation of gene expression and serum markers of bone were measured by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Auto-analyzer (Biotechnica, Italy)/ ELISA reader (Awareness Inc., USA) machines, respectively. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential (ANCOVA test) statistics using SPSS version 23 (Chicago, IL, USA) and a significance level of P≥0.05 was considered.

Results: The results showed that alkaline phosphatase gene expression and parathyroid hormone after 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in between-groups were significantly increased (P=0.027 and P=0.006, respectively), while serum levels of calcium and alkaline phosphatase were not significantly different (P=0.941 and P=0.990, respectively).

Conclusion: The results suggest that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise of walking and jogging at 65-70% maximal heart rate of training increases alkaline phosphatase gene expression and parathyroid hormone in sedentary postmenopausal women.


Phytochemical composition, antibacterial and anticancer activities of Trifolium cherleri extract on lung cancer cell line (A549) and analysis of caspase 3 and caspase 9 apoptosis genes expression
Amir Mirzaie , Aliasghar Bagheri Kashtali , Hassan Sahebjamee , Hassan Noorbazargan , Hassan Rahmati , Seyed Ataollah Sadat Shandiz,
Volume 75, Issue 5 (August 2017)
Abstract
Background: Medicinal plants have been identified and used from prehistoric times and these plants make many chemical compounds for biological functions. Trifolium cherleri is an herbaceous species belonging to the family of the Fabaceae to Africa, Eurasia and Australia. T. cherleri is an important member of the Fabaceae family that is well-known herbal medicine in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of T. cherleri extract.
Methods: This experimental study was performed in Islamic Azad University, from December 2016 to February 2017. At first, the phytochemical constituents of T. cherleri extract were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated against some gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 35152 via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Moreover, anticancer potential of extract was examined by colorimetric MTT assay toward lung cancer (A549) cell line. Then, the evaluation of caspase 3 and 9 apoptosis gene expression was determined using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Real-Time PCR) technique. Moreover, the Real-Time PCR was performed using relative quantitative method.
Results: The phytochemical analyses of T. cherleri extract showed the 20 major components and the most frequent component was belonged to hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (20.7%) and 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl (19.9%). The extract had maximum antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. There was a dose dependent increase in the cytotoxicity effect of extract against A549 cancer cell. Moreover, the Real-Time PCR results indicated that the caspase 3 and caspase 9 gene expression was significantly up-regulated 2.57±0.27 (P<0.05), and 3.3±0.46 (P<0.05), respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the T. cherleri extract had significant anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects and it appear that the extract has potential uses for pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, it could be considered as a promising source for novel drug compounds, but more studies are needed.

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