Showing 29 results for Rasoul
Mohraz M, Jonaidi N, Rasoulinejad M, Broum M A, Aligholi M , Shahsavan Sh,
Volume 61, Issue 3 (14 2003)
Abstract
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a predominantly nosocomial pathogen which its prevalence has increased worldwide over the past three decades.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The following study is designed for determination of prevalence of MRSA infection through measurement of MICs of S. aureus isolates in Imam Khomeini Hospital (a teaching hospital) from November 2001 to January 2003. A total number of 402 specimens were isolated and specified as S. aureus by Imam Khomeini microbiology lab. Demographic and clinical data and results of MIC were analysed by Epilnfo 6 software.
Results: During the study, staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 402 patients that 187 (46.5%) of isolates were MRSA and 215 (53.5%) were MSSA. Of 402 patients, 254 (63.2%) were male and 148 (36.8%) were female. The difference of the prevalence of MRSA between males and females was not statistically significant (p= 0.09). The difference in mean age in MRSA and MSSA groups was not statistically significant (p= 0.55). In the age group of < 1 month, the prevalence of MRSA infection was significantly higher than other groups (P= 0.01).
Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of MRSA infection was increased, statistically significant in the presence of such factors as sepsis, longer duration of hospitalization, hospital- acquired infection, history of invasive procedure, history of antimicrobials used in the past 3 months and type of administered antimicrobial (s), history of hospitalization in the preceding year, certain underlying diseases, type of admission ward, type of infection, type of specimen and type of administered antimicrobials for treatment. Surprisingly, the prevalence of MRSA infection in IV drug user group was low that was statistically significant (p< 0.0001). In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in outcome between MRSA infected and MSSA infected patients. Based on results of this study, prevalence of infections due MRSA in this hospital are high, therefore addition to diagnosis of risk factors of MRSA infections, application of standard infection control practices should be done for limitation of these infections.
M. Hasibi, M. Mohraz, M. Haji Abdolbaghi, M. Rasouli Nejad, A. Bayat,
Volume 64, Issue 4 (1 2006)
Abstract
Background: Acute bacterial sinusitis is one of the most common causes for antibacterial treatment. Oral Penbactam (ampicillin- sulbactum or Sultamicillin) is a broad spectrum antibiotic and it has no significant side effect. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Iran in which, oral Penbactam has been prescribed for patients with acute bacterial sinusitis.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 44 outpatients diagnosed with acute bacterial sinusitis in Amir- Aalam Hospital from March 2003-2004 to August 2004. Patients were randomized in 2 group: 23 to oral Penbactam (375 mg twice daily), and 21 to oral Co-amoxicolav (625 mg three times daily). Duration of treatment was 10 days for both groups.
Results: Both groups showed a significant clinical improvement after 10 days of treatment. In the Penbactam group, 19 of 23 (86.36%) and in the Co-amoxicolav group ,18 of 21 (85.71%) showed clinical improvement. In the Penbactam group, one patient (4.3 %) developed diarrhea and the medication was discontinued.
Conclusion: Oral Penbactam is an effective and safe antibiotic in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis and could be used as an alternative medication for acute bacterial sinusitis.
Hadadi A, Rasoulinejad M, Maleki Z, Mojtahedzadeh M, Younesian M, Ahmadi S.a, Bagherian H,
Volume 65, Issue 4 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: The object of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern among common nosocomial Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with nosocomial infections.
Methods: From June 2004 to December 2005, 380 isolates of common Gram-negative bacilli (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and E. coli) from 270 patients with nosocomial infections in Sina and Imam Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, were evaluated for susceptibility to Imipenem, Cefepime, Ciprofloxacine, Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime by Disc diffusion and E-test methods.
Results: The most frequent pathogens isolated were Klebsiella spp. (40%), followed by Pseudomonas (28%), Acinetobacter spp. (20%) and E. coli (12%). The most active antibiotic was imipenem (84%). 26% of all isolates were sensitive to Cefepime, 26% to Ciprofloxacin, 20% to Ceftazidime and 10% to Ceftrixone. The susceptibility rates of Klebsiella to Imipenem, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime and Ceftriaxone were 91, 25, 21, 13 and 7 percent, respectively and 91, 19, 17, 21 and 21 percent, respectively, for E. coli. Among Acineto- bacter spp., the susceptibility rate was 77% for Imipenem and 21% for Ciprofloxacin. Among Pseudomonas spp., 75% of isolates were susceptible to Imipenem and 39% to Ciprofloxacin. The comparison of the resistance status of microorganisms by both Disc diffusion and E-test methods showed a clinically noticeable agreement between these two tests.
Conclusions: Since antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacilli has increased, enforcement of policy regarding proper antibiotic use is urgently needed in order to delay the development of resistance. Although it is widely accepted that E-test is more accurate in determining the resistance of microorganisms, our study showed that the Disc diffusion test will give the same results in most occasions and is therefore still considered useful in clinical practice.
Ebrahim Hassani , Rasoul Farasatkish , Evaz Heydarpour , Mohammadzia Totoonchi , Alireza Mahoori ,
Volume 67, Issue 9 (6 2009)
Abstract
Background: Measuring end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCo2) is one of the methods used for estimating arterial carbon dioxide (PaCo2) during general anesthesia. ETCo2 measurements maybe obviate the need for repeating arterial puncture for determination of arterial PaCo2. This study performed to determine the accuracy of ETCo2 levels as a measure of PaCo2 levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and also to evaluate variation of the gradient between PaCo2 and ETCo2, peri- cardiopulmonary bypass operation. Methods: In a prospective, cross-sectional study, a total of 40 patients with age 57±11 (35-73) years old undergoing coronary artery bypass graft were enrolled. ETCo2 levels (mmHg) were recorded using side stream capnography at the time of arterial blood gas sampling, before (T0) and after (T1) cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: Mean P(a-ET)Co2 at T0 was 4.3±4.4mmHg, with the mean PaCo2, 33±6mmHg and mean ETCo2, 29±5mmHg and these values at T1 were 4.5±4.1mmHg, 33±5mmHg and 29±2mmHg respectively. There was no variation of the mean gradient (PaCo2-PETCo2) during, before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (p>0.870). Significant correlation was found between ETCo2 and PaCo2 at T0 and T1 (r=0.754 and 0.685respectively and p=0.001). Conclusion: Capnography is a non- invasive and a safe technique for determining arterial PCo2 and for measurements of ETCo2 that correlate well with PaCo2 values in healthy patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. ETCo2 measurements maybe sufficient measures of PaCo2 in selected patients and obviate the need for repeatingarterial blood gas determination. Further study is warranted.
Farzad Katiraee, Ali Reza Khosravi, Vahid Khalaj, Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi, Ali Asghar Khaksar, Mehrnaz Rasoulinejad, Mir Saeed Yekani Nejad,
Volume 68, Issue 1 (4 2010)
Abstract
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Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most frequent fungal
infection in HIV patients. The aims of this study
were to appraise prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis and to determine
factors associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis and oral yeast colonization
among Iranian HIV patients.
Methods: The patients were composed 150 Iranian HIV positive individuals referred to Iranian Research Center for HIV & Aids (IRCHA), Imam Khomeini Hospital complex
in Tehran, Iran. Oral samples were obtained and cultured on mycological media. TCD4 lymphocyte count/percentage was
measured and patients were categorized. Patients evaluated for some risk
factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis and oral candida colonization.
Results: Fifty nine percent of patients
were presented with oropharyngeal candidiasis and the carriage rate of yeasts
was 116 (77.2%). The most frequent isolated candida
species were Candida albicans (102) 50.2% and Candida glabrata (45) 22%. Thrush in 57(38%), perleche in 30(20%) and erythematous lesions in 7(4.7%) of patients were observed.
Significant differences in TCD4 count (p=0.01), gender (p=0.02), antifungal therapy (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.02), and intravenous drug use (p=0.03), between asymptomatic and
symptomatic patients were observed.
Conclusion: Oral candidiasis is a frequent complication among Iranian HIV individuals. C. albicans and C. glabrata are most important etiologic agents of oral candidiasis. In Iranian HIV individuals TCD4 count, antifungal
therapy, gender, smoking and intravenous drug use are important risk factors for oropharyngeal
candidiasis. Denture wearing and age are predisposing factors for oral colonization.
Reza Afghani , Ali Aminian , Seyed Rasoul Mirsharifi, Ali Jafarian , Hamid Ghaderi , Morteza Noaparast , Seyed Habibollah Dashti ,
Volume 68, Issue 8 (November 2010)
Abstract
Background: Gall stone is an important health problem in the world for which different risk factors have been characterized. Gall stone and cardiovascular disease have common risk factors. Homocysteine is accepted as one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to study the effect of homocysteine level on gall stone formation.
Methods: 54 patients with gall stone-related diseases and 54 patients without stone (control group) were studied from January 2007 to December 2008. Control group consisted healthy subjects with ultrasound proven normal gallbladder. Serum homocysteine level was checked in both groups. Homocysteine level of equal or more than 15 mmol/l was considered as abnormally high.
Results: Cases included 43 women (79.6%) and had mean age of 50.76±15.23 years. Homocysteine level was significantly higher in patients with gallstone in comparison to control group (p=0.014). Risk of gall stone increased 3.4 times in persons who have homocysteine level equal or greater than 15mmol/l (p=0.019). The mean level of homocysteine was higher in men than women (p=0.03). The mean level of homocysteine did not differ significantly in patients with simple gallstone and patients with gallstone-related inflammation disorders (cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis). Additionally, one unit increase in BMI level was associated with 1.12 times increase in the risk for gall stone formation (p=0.035).
Conclusion: The homocysteine level is increased in patients with gall stone-related diseases. Homocysteine may be considered as a risk factor of gall stone formation.
Rasoulinejad M, Bouyer M, Emadi Kouchak H, Hasibi M, Mollazadeh N, Moradmand Badie B,
Volume 68, Issue 10 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis with high prevalence in HIV/AIDS
patients is the main reason for morbidity and mortality in these patients.
About one-third of patients with HIV infection
have concomitant tuberculosis. Lack of appropriate infection control on many
social and economic communities will impose. Comprehensive study on the effects
of anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with HIV infecting
less done, also due to the importance of reducing morbidity and mortality,
reduce the cost of disease, identifying drug pharmacokinetics, the importance
of completing treatment tuberculosis, this study was performed to evaluate the
effects of anti- tuberculosis drugs on HIV infection
and to identify the drug pharmacokinetics and so more complete tuberculosis
treatment.
Methods: A historical cohort study was performed on
patients referring to the research center for HIV/AIDS,
consultation center, department of infection diseases of Imam
Khomeini Hospital
in Tehran, Iran. A
total number of 75 cases with HIV
negative versus HIV positive patients
with pulmonary tuberculosis and positive sputum smear in accordance with
inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected.
Results: In this study, the frequency of peripheral neuropathy 27(73%),
arthralgia 31(83.8%), vomiting 18(48.6%),
headache 26(70.3%), dizziness 20(54.1%),
renal toxicity 4(10.8%) and of skin rash 10(27%)
in patients with HIV virus infection were
significantly more than HIV- negative patients.
Hepatotoxicity, fever and anemia were not significantly more common in patients
who infected with HIV virus.
Conclusion: The HIV patients, who have not received antiretroviral
drugs during tuberculosis treatment, may show higher incidence of
anti-tuberculosis drugs complications.
Barkhordari Asgar, Hassanzadeh Taghi, Saidijam Masoud, Esmaeili Rasoul, Paoli Max,
Volume 69, Issue 12 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Hypercholesterolemia is considered a major risk factor for pancreatitis, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms are known to be associated with changes in lipid levels. We investigated the association between a polymorphism in the CETP gene (D442G) with plasma lipid levels and CETP activity in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Methods: This case/control study that be done in Hamadan university of medical sciences (from October 2008 to September 2009), included 102 patients with hypercholesterolemia and 200 healthy individuals. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to determine genotypic distribution and allelic frequencies of polymorphisms. The plasma CETP activity was measured by a kit in a fluorescence spectrometer. Lipid concentrations were measured by routine biochemical and enzymatic assays.
Results: Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity was significantly higher in the cases than the controls (P<0.05). The genotypic and allelic frequencies for this polymorphism were not statistically different between the patients with hypercholesterolemia and the controls (in controls: DD 96%, DG 4%, GG 0% and in cases: DD 86%, DG 10%, GG 4%), (P>0.05). Plasma HDL-C, LDL-C and TC were higher in both groups with GG and DG genotypes than with DD genotype, whereas serum CETP activity was lower in GG genotype compared with other genotypes (GD or DD), (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that D442G polymorphism of CETP gene was associated with changes in lipid profile and plasma CETP activity in the selected population and it might have a role in contributing to a genetic risk for developing coronary artery disease.
Katiraee F, Khosravi Ar, Khalaj V, Hajiabdolbaghi M, Khaksar Aa, Rasoulinejad M,
Volume 70, Issue 2 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis and antifungal drug resistance are major problems in HIV positive patients. The increased reports of antifungal resistance and expanding therapeutic options prompted the determination of antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species isolates in Iranian patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the present study.
Methods: One hundred fifty oral samples from Iranian HIV positive patients were obtained and cultured on CHROMagar and Sabouraud's dextrose agar. All isolates were identified according to assimilation profile, germ tube, colony color and other conventional methods. Disk diffusion testing and Broth Microdilution of six antifungal agents were performed according to the methods described in CLSI.
Results: Candida albicans (50.2%) was the most frequent isolated yeast, followed by C. glabrata (22%). Non-Candida albicans species were isolated from 71 (61%) positive cultures. 25.7% of Candida albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC≥64 µg/ml) as were 21.9% and 16.4% to ketoconazole and clotrimazole (MIC>0.125 µg/ml), respectively. Resistance to polyene antifungals including amphotericin B and nystatin, and caspofungin were scarce. 57.7% of candida glabrata isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 31% to ketoconazole and 35% to clotrimazole.
Conclusion: Screening for antifungal resistant candida isolates by disk diffusion or broth dilution methods in clinical laboratories is an ideal surveillance measure in the management of oral thrush in patients with HIV/AIDS. Although nystatin is widely used in clinical practice for HIV positive patients, there was no evidence of enhanced resistance to it. Regarding no resistance to caspofungin, its administration is suggested.
Seyyed Saeed Eshraghi , Mehdi Fatahi Bafghi , Ali Ghafouri , Parvin Heidarieh , Shadi Habibnia , Masoumeh Rasouli Nasab , Hojat Yazdanbod , Hosein Keshavarzi ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (October 2013)
Abstract
Background: Nocardia species are Gram-positive, partially acid fast, non-motile, catalase positive, aerobic and saprophytic actinomycetes found all around the world. They invade the human body from the environment via trauma and respiratory tract and cause cutaneous, pulmonary and systemic diseases. They are able to grow in various media.The organisms opportunistically infect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Behcet's disease is an autoimmune disease and immunocompromised patient which may suitable host for Nocardia bacterium. The present study is the first case report of isolation of Nocardia from the thigh abscess in a patient with behcet’s disease from Iran.
Case Presentation: A 39-year-old man with Behcet’s disease in August 2011 was admitted to Shariati hospital Tehran, with swelling and pain in the left flank and left thigh. Microscopic identification from direct microbiological slide of thigh abscess discharge demonstrated number of lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages foamy and white blood cells together with filamentous bacteria. Further microbiological characterization using phenotypic and antibiogram tests with disk diffusion method, demonstrated that the isolated bacterium is Nocardia asteroides complex. The bacteria were sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, amikacin and cotrimoxazole but it was resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin G, cephalothin and gentamicin. The patient was treated with cotrimoxazole.
Conclusion: Because of the high incidence and high mortality of Nocardia infection in immunocompromised cases, rapid detection and timely treatment for these patients is necessary.
Rasoul Yousefi Mashouf, Rasoul Esmaeili, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani , Mehdi Ghanbari ,
Volume 72, Issue 3 (June 2014)
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogens opportunism which causes severe infections in human beings. The most common infection include: endocarditis, meningitis, septicemia and chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis pa-tients. This bacterium has many pathogenic factors including exotoxin A, lipopoly-sacharide, phospholipase C, pili, elastase and alkaline protease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of exotoxin A gene (ETA) as a strong virulence factor and sensitivity determination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from second and third-degree burn patients.
Methods: This study has performed in Besat University Hospital in Hamadan from January to December 2012. We used 170 isolated samples. The samples were isolated from blood and skin biopsy in second and third-degree burn patients. We had 79 strains positive culture of pseudomonas aeruginosa. Forward and reverse primers used for PCR were designed by DNASIS and Oligo software. Then genomic of known strains were extracted by DNA purification kit and indentified by PCR. The quality and quantity of the extracted DNA was determined using spectrophotometry. For determination of PCR sensitivity was used culture test as gold standard. DNA of pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) was used as a positive control. Finally data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Out of 170 isolated samples, 79 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients had positive culture. PCR of isolated positive culture demonstrated that 5 strains (6.33%) were with out this virulence factor and 74 strains (93.67%) had ETA gene. So the sensitivity of test based on sensitivity formula was 94.04%.
Conclusion: Our results showed that sensitivity of PCR mediated ETA gene in detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa strains is considerable and this factor can be used as a good factor identifying of pseudomonas aeruginosa. It seems more studies with larger sample size is necessary in this area.
Mousa Ahmadpour-Kacho, Yadollah Zahed Pasha, Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad, Mahmoud Hajiahmadi, Parisa Pourdad ,
Volume 72, Issue 6 (September 2014)
Abstract
Background: Several risk factors like prematurity, hyperoxia, hyperglycemia, duration of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen use have been attributed to the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in low birth weight infants. Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score have been used to assess the severity of the newborn's disease and neonatal mortality. The relation between the CRIB score and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity is less assessed. This study was carried out to determine the relation between the CRIB score and retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study all preterm infants admitted to NICU from March 2009 to November 2012, with a birth weight less than 1500 grams and gestational age less than 28 weeks and other premature infants with birth weight 1500 to 2000 grams and gestational age 29 to 34 weeks with an unstable clinical condition, were included. The CRIB score was recorded in firs 12 hours of admission to the NICU. Ophthalmologic examination was done by a retinologist unaware of CRIB score. ROP classification was done according to the international classification of ROP. The CRIB score compared with presence or non-presence of ROP and its stage, progression or regression of disease. A P-value less than 0.05 are considered significant.
Results: One hundred and eighty (70%) neonates out of 256 neonates developed ROP. In 124 (68.88%) neonates it resolved spontaneously on serial ophthalmologic examination, but fifty-six (31.11%) neonates were required treatment for ROP which 42 (75%) received Avastin and 14 (25%) neonates treated with Laser.
The Mean±SD for CRIB score in ROP group was 4.79±2.74 and in a group without ROP it was 3.78±2.00 (P=0.004). No correlation was found between the severity of ROP and CRIB score (P=0.152).
Conclusion: The CRIB score can predict the occurrence of ROP, but can't predict its severity and progression or regression.
Mahdiye Bazmi, Mitra Haghayeghi , Roya Lari , Nasser Mahdavi Shahri , Morteza Behnam Rasouli,
Volume 73, Issue 4 (July 2015)
Abstract
Background: Bone is a hard and dynamic tissue, which continually undergoes remodeling process. Longitudinal growth of bone is mediated by growth plate that is a cartilage structure at the end of long bones. During puberty, along with the closure (ossification) of growth plate, the longitudinal growth of bone will stop. Diazinon is one of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides that have been known to cause damage to the cells and tissues of the body by enhancing oxidative stress. Due to the dynamism and active process, bone and growth plate tissues are suitable models to investigate the effect of diazinon on bone development and bone growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diazinon on the epiphyseal growth plate width (including the proliferating cells zone and hypertrophy cells zone) of immature rat.
Methods: This is an experimental study. This study was performed on 12 immature male in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in May 2014, Wistar rats that randomly divided into 2 groups: control group and diazinon group. All treatments were done by oral gavage during 28 days. The animals were sacrificed on day 28 and left femur bones were removed for histomorphometric studies of epiphyseal growth plate width. Assessments were done by ImageJ software, version 1.40g (Wayne Rasband, NIH, USA) and the significance of the results were performed by ANOVA analysis and Tukey’s test.
Results: Epiphyseal growth plate width of diazinon group was significantly reduced (P=0.0126) in compared to control group. This reduction was associated with reduced of width of the proliferating zone (P=0.0001) and increased width of the hypertrophy zone (P=0.0166).
Conclusion: Diazinon leads to reduction in the Epiphyseal growth plate width of immature male rats. Therefore it could be a factor in the impairment of bone longitudinal growth and premature closure of the growth plate.
Ali Labaf , Rasoul Masoomi , Misaq Raeisi ,
Volume 73, Issue 8 (November 2015)
Abstract
Background: There is a concern by some doctors that not interrupting the patients' initial statements of concerns can lead to too long medical visits. Therefore, in this study, the duration of the patients' initial statements of concerns was studied. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from August to October, 2011 in the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. 100 patients entered the study through convenience sampling. Based on a 5 level triage system Emergency Severity Index (ESI), patients who were not life-threatening conditions (level 5) entered the study and critically ill patients and foreign patients were excluded from the study. Demographic data of the patients and durations the patients' initial statements of concerns were recorded and measured. Results: Fifty-six percent of patients were men. 79 percent of them had academic degree less than diploma and most of them have Persian ethnicity (60 percent). The mean age of the participants was 37.09 (SD, 1.68). The mean durations of patients' initial statements was 71.60±2.37 seconds. The minimum time was 22.51 seconds and the maximum time was 206.51 seconds. There was significant difference between age (P=0.001, r=0.382) and gender (P=0.032, df=98, t= -2.17) with the durations of patients' initial statements. But education level (P=0.996, F (2, 97)=0.004) and ethnicity (P=0.266, F (6, 93)=1.3) did not have a significant effect on the durations of patients' initial statements. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, duration of patients' initial statements of concerns is less than what which leads to an increase the time of medical visits.
Siamak Naji , Kambiz Diba , Rasoul Yosefzadeh , Fatemeh Mansouri ,
Volume 75, Issue 4 (July 2017)
Abstract
Background: Looking at the increased incidence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and refractory resulting from such non-albicans Candida species in recent decades, this study was performed aiming the use of rapid biochemical and molecular detection of drug-resistant Candida species in response to fluconazole in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed at Kowsar Gynecology Center, Motahhari educational hospital and Medical Mycology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia, Iran, from October 2013 to July 2015. Those patients referred to the clinic with symptoms of vaginal discharge, itching or burning that swab samples from endo-exocervix and distal fornix discharge were taken. The vaginal discharge samples submitted to Medical Mycology Center, Urmia School of Medicine for the direct microscopic examination and cultures. Identification at the level of species was performed using CHROMagar Candida and Corn meal agar media. The molecular test polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) used for confirming culture results. For the susceptibility assay, disc diffusion method was performed with fluconazole and clotrimazole.
Results: In these study 198 samples collected from patients with symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis, 77 vulvovaginal candidiasis cases were identified. Candida species are common in primary and recurrent cases in terms of frequency, Candida albicans (85.7%), Candida krusei (10.2%) and Candida glabrata (4.1%) were identified respectively. Total of 27 cases of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, 10 cases were resistant to both clotrimazole and fluconazole (37%) was observed that the most common species are resistant to treatment were Candida albicans by (82.1%), Candida krusei (14.3%) and Candida glabrata (3.6%) respectively. Drug resistance in Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata causing recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis included 69.1%, 75% and 100% respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings have shown frequency of resistant non-albicans Candida species to fluconazole and clotrimazole is increasing. There is a considerable difference between Candida albicans and non-albicans species, Candida glabrata for the resistance to fluconazole and clotrimazole. |
Mohammad Molavi , Rasoul Yousefi Mashouf , Mohammad Yousef Alikhani , Hassan Mahmoudi , Alireza Zamani , Fariba Keramat , Sara Soleimani Asl ,
Volume 75, Issue 6 (September 2017)
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is a systemic infection caused by gram-negative coccobacilli and facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus brucella. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease common to humans and livestock. Infection with Brucella spp. continues to pose a human health risk globally despite strides in eradicating the disease from domestic animals. The humoral and cellular immunity plays an important role in brucellosis. The effect of phagocytosis and cellular immunity has been demonstrated in brucellosis. The effect of cupping as a therapeutic method on bacterial diseases has been demonstrated. By considering this fact that cupping is an effective method on host immune system functions and has potential effect to regulate the inflammatory reactions.
Methods: This experimental study was carried out on 48 rats in 6 groups (48 rats were divided into 6 groups) during the first 6 months from January 2015 to July 2016 in the laboratory of microbiology and animal of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. The rats were infected through the injection of Brucella melitensis with plenty 5×105 (cfu/ml) of bacteria. After a week, in order to approve the accuracy of the infection in the studied rats inoculated with coombos Brucella melitensis, Wright test, 2-Mercaptoethanol test and Coombs' Wright test were used. The rats were then treated with cupping method in their sacral area. IFN-γ was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. And the study of tissues using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Staining.
Results: The results of this study showed that cupping leads to an increase in the mean serum level of interferon-gamma. The histopathological study of liver tissue showed that the radial arrangement was not observed in the infected group with brucellosis and the cells were acidophilus. While, the radial arrangement was observed in treated rats with cupping, but it was not complete. The number of enlarged sinusoids were reduced. But, cell infiltration was observed.
Conclusion: This study showed that cupping can increase serum level of IFN-γ, and thus help to the clearance of disease and improvement of injury in the brucellosis animals lab.
Shaban Mehrvarz , Hassan Ali Mohebbi , Shahram Manoochehry , Saied Arjmand , Hamid Reza Rasouli ,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (January 2019)
Abstract
Background: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (PD) is prevalent in the young adults. The cause of PD is unclear, and there are different surgical procedures for the treatment. The Pilonidal sinus disease is an unpleasant, chronic relapsing condition that is difficult to cure. There is a wide variety of surgical treatments with sub-optimal results for it. The ideal treatment for the pilonidal sinus disease has yet to be defined. There are many surgical approaches described in the literature. In this study, the long-term outcomes of four current surgical methods for PD were evaluated and compared. We aimed to assess recurrence, satisfaction, complications rate and wound healing time in the four current surgical methods for PD.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at the Baqiyatallah University Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2017 to September 2017. The study was carried out on 182 postoperative patients. Surgeries were performed in different methods such as; open, closed, semi-closed and limited excision. Diabetics, obese patients and patients with acute pilonidal abscess or prior PD surgery were excluded. All patients were followed for at least three years after surgery. During the follow -up period, patients were assessed for recurrence, satisfaction, complications rate and wound healing time. The outcomes were assessed by case notes analysis and follow-up telephone and postal questionnaires.
Results: In this study forty-four patients were operated via closed Method, 48 patients through open, 48 via semi-closed and 42 one's trough limited excision methods. The highest rate of recurrence was in the open group. There were no cases of recurrence in the closed group. There were also less postoperative hemorrhage and faster wound healing in the closed group. The average satisfaction of all patients was 88.9±8.7. The mean satisfaction rate in the closed group was 95.9±5.3 which was higher than other groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that in the non-recurrent cases of sacral pilonidal sinus, complete Excision and primary repair have fewer complications and shows higher satisfaction rate.
Hossein Tireh , Mohammad Taghi Shakeri , Sadegh Rasoulinezhad , Habibollah Esmaily , Razieh Yousefi ,
Volume 77, Issue 5 (August 2019)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus as a chronic disease is the most common disease caused by metabolic disorders and it is one of the most important health issues all around the world. Nowadays, data mining methods are applied in different fields of sciences due to data mining methods capability. Therefore, in this study, we compared the efficiency of data mining methods in predicting type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data of 7,000 participants in the Diabetes Screening Project in Samen, Mashhad City, Iran, were considered in 2016. There were 540 untreated diabetic patients. The Samen Project was included in the routine examinations of diabetes patients like blood glucose, eyes health, nephropathy, and legs health. So, in order to maintain balance, 600 healthy individuals were selected in a proportional volume sampling in this study. Therefore, the total sample size was 1140 people. In this study, people with diabetes aged over 30 years old were enrolled and participants with the previous history of type 2 diabetes, with normal blood glucose due to drug use or other issues at the time of the study, were excluded.
Results: All three models (Logistic regression, simple Bayesian and support vector machine models) had the same test accuracy (86%), however, in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), logistic regression and simple Bayesian models had better performance (AUC=90% against AUC=88%). In the simple Bayesian model and logistic regression, body mass index (BMI) and age variables were the most important variables, while BMI and blood pressure variables were the most important factors in the support vector machine model.
Conclusion: According to the results, all three models had the same accuracy. In terms of area under the curve (AUC), logistic and simple Bayes models had better performance than the support vector machine model. Totally all three models had almost the same performance. Based on all three models, BMI was the most important variable.
Pedram Ataee , Rezvan Yahiapour , Bahram Nikkhoo , Nadia Shakiba , Ebrahim Ghaderi , Rasoul Nasiri , Kambiz Eftekhari ,
Volume 77, Issue 6 (September 2019)
Abstract
Background: Celiac disease is a chronic inflammation of small intestine which is caused by an increased permanent sensitivity to a protein named gluten. This protein is present in some cereals such as wheat, barley, and rye. The immunologic response to this protein can cause clinical symptoms in people with specific human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) (including HLADQ2 or HLADQ8). Most studies have reported an increased incidence of celiac disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type I. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the celiac disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type I under the age of 18 years old.
Methods: This cross-sectional, analytic descriptive study was performed on forty children with diabetes mellitus type I in Sanandaj Diabetes Association (Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences), Iran, from September 2012 to September 2013. After obtaining consent from their parents, demographic data, including gender, age, family history of diabetes, duration of illness, symptoms of celiac disease, were recorded in the questionnaire. The measurement of the tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody and total immunoglobulin type A in the serum was necessary for the screening of celiac disease. Therefore in the laboratory, 5 ml of the venous blood sample was taken and then the serum levels of tTG antibody (from immunoglobulin type A) and total serum levels of this immunoglobulin were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Upper endoscopy with multiple biopsies from small intestine was performed in patients with positive serological screening. Finally, the disease was evaluated by histological finding.
Results: Forty children with diabetes mellitus type I included 19 boys (47.5%) and 21 girls (52.5%) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of these patients was 10.53±4.05. The prevalence of celiac disease was 7.5% in these individuals. In the subjects, there was no significant relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and celiac disease.
Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of the celiac disease in type 1 diabetic patients was 7.5% which is higher than the normal population.
Atiyeh Vatanchi, Narjess Ayati , Susan Shafiei , Farzane Ashourzade , Leila Purali , Seyed Rasoul Zakavi ,
Volume 77, Issue 7 (October 2019)
Abstract
Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) frequently occurs in women at fertility age. One of the cornerstones in treating this malignancy is Radioactive Iodine (RAI) therapy following thyroid resection. In this study, we evaluated the effect of RAI therapy on the fertility rate and pregnancy complications.
Methods: This is a retrospective study on 41 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, with at least one experience of pregnancy after standard treatment (thyroid resection followed by radioiodine therapy). All patients have been signed a written consent form in initial admission to our department. Furthermore, we asked our patients to fill in a questionnaire about their thyroid cancer and its treatment as well as pregnancy and its complication. As a control group with no different mean age, the same checklist has also been filled in for the patient’s healthy sister too, just related to gravidity and its complications. The complications of pregnancy were registered in these patients and compared with the control group consisted of their healthy sisters. Also, the association of abortion rate with other underlying factors has been assessed. All data has been included in SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed using logistic regression. This study conducted at the Nuclear Medicine Department of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, from May 2017 to February 2018 with the support of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Results: No significant difference was noted in the mean age between case (differentiated thyroid cancer) and control groups (P=0.9). The two groups were also statistically similar in terms of pregnancy frequency (P=0.05) and number of alive children (P=0.8). Abortion seems to be the only item in DTC patients which was more than healthy sisters (0.2 versus 0.7) (P=0.003). However, this statistical difference showed no direct relationship with radioiodine treatment (RIT). As in DTC patients before and after RIT, no significant difference has been detected in DTC patients before and after RIT (P=0.48). Birth weight was not statistically different in DTC patients before and after RIT (P=0.66) and between DTC patients and their healthy sisters (P=0.2).
Conclusion: Radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma has no considerable negative impact on pregnancy, whether on fertility rate or on gravity complications.
