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Showing 3 results for Refahi
Relationship Between Hyperhomocysteinemia , Oxidative Stress And Severity Of Atherosclerosis Lesion
Refahi R, Rahbani M, Afrasiabi A, Refahi S,
Volume 63, Issue 4 (13 2005)
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress with severity of atherosclerosis lesions.
Materials and Methods: The patients (52 males and 36 females) were selected from individuals with angiographically defined CAD admitted to the shahid Madani Hospital. Control groups were selected from sex and age matched apparently healthy individuals (15 Males and 24 Females). Serum Homocysteine levles were measured by ELISA method (Awareness stat fax-2100 Model). Total antionxidant capacity of samples was determined by Autoanalyzer (COBAS MIRA plus model) using Randox kits. The correlation between the measured parameters and extension of atherosclerotic lesions were calculated using statistical analysis in the both groups.
Results: The mean levels of Homocysteine in patients and control groups were 20.38 ± 10.22 μmol/l and 18.56 ± 9.47 μmol/L respectively and the differences were not significant (p> 0.05) . In the patient group the mean level of Antioxidant capacity was 1.34 ± 0.12 mmol/L. whereas that of control was 1.39 ± 0.12 mmol/L (p>0.05). Using statistical analysis no correlation was noticed between extension of atherosclerosis lesions٫ low total antioxidant capacity and high serum total homocysteine .
Conclusion: In this study no significant differences between levels of homocysteine and total antioxidant in patients and control groups and no marked relationship between studied parameters suggest, that hyperhomocysteinemia has no important role in progress of atherosclerosis lesions.
Hepatitis B infection: review article
Jafar Mohammadshahi , Soheila Refahi , Bahareh Yousefipour , Mehran Sardari , Roghayeh Teimourpour ,
Volume 76, Issue 9 (December 2018)
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an etiological agent of hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B is a life-threatening disease that affects the liver. The clinical outcomes of the disease are varied from asymptomatic disease to serious complication such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite availability of the vaccine and appropriate treatment, hepatitis B infection still remains a major public health problem worldwide. Based on WHO reports, over 887.000 people die annually from hepatitis B complication including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is very contagious and spreads through infected blood, body fluids, mother to baby during birth, contaminated needle and between sexual partners. HBV uses sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor to enter hepatocytes and by replicating in these cells interferes with liver functions. In fact liver damage is as result of virus multiplication and activation of immune responses especially virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against infected cells. CTLs and CD4Th1 cells by killing infected cells and releasing antiviral cytokines control virus replication in infected individuals. Also, the functions of these cells in patients who successfully clear the infection are potentially strong. In contrast to acute self-limited HBV infection in persistent HBV infection, these cells are exhausted. Several studies have showed that the great challenge in clearance of the HBV infection is related to stability of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). cccDNA produce in viral life cycle and remains inside the infected cells for a long time and act as a template for generating new pre-genomic RNA and virus propagation. So far, no antiviral treatment has been effective in the complete elimination of this structure. Prevention of the disease can be achieved by using effective vaccine. Previous studies indicated that neutralizing antibodies against surface antigen of the virus known as S antigen have protective properties. Therefore, a subunit vaccine containing S antigen is available. Currently S antigen is produced in recombinant form and WHO recommended the first dose should be given within a day of birth. Pegylated IFN-γ and nucleotide-nucleoside analogues are effective drugs against HBV infection, but they may have severe side effects. Ineffectiveness of the vaccine on premature infants and immunocompromised people and also drug side effects has made HBV infection a great trouble.
 

The role of rectal sparing devices in post-prostatectomy radiotherapy: a review article
Arezoo Mehrabian, Hamed Ghaffari, Soheila Refahi , Mohammad Haghparast , Abolhasan Rezaeyan,
Volume 80, Issue 12 (March 2023)
Abstract

                                                                
Adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy can control biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy and reduce the risk of distant metastases. Dose-escalated radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy can lead to improved biochemical relapse-free survival. Over the last decades, despite the technological advancements in prostate radiotherapy, radiation-induced rectal toxicity is still the main limiting factor for dose escalation owing to the anatomical proximity of the prostate gland to the rectum. To this end, several rectal sparing devices, including Endorectal balloons (ERBs), prostate-rectum spacers (e.g. SpaceOAR hydrogel), and rectal retractor have been explored to increase the distance between the prostate and the rectum to reduce rectal radiation doses and toxicities. Over the last decade, several studies applied these devices during post-prostatectomy radiotherapy setting. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of rectal sparing devices on dose-volume parameters of anorectal, radiation-induced rectal toxicity, and prostate bed motion during post-prostatectomy radiotherapy. The results showed that although using ERBs can lead to stability in the target volume position, it cannot reduce rectal radiation doses, in particular dose to the anterior rectal wall. The application of ERBs can reduce the received dose of the anal wall and increase the geometric reproducibility of the clinical target volume (CTV) position. However, the role of ERBs in reducing the received dose of the rectal wall is still controversial, which can be associated with the displacement of the anterior rectal wall towards the prostate bed (high radiation dose area). The use of SpaceOAR hydrogel can significantly increase the distance between the rectum and the prostate bed and ultimately reduce the dose received by the rectal wall. Also, the use of rectal retractor remarkably reduces rectal radiation doses. The dosimetric and clinical results of the use of SpaceOAR hydrogel and rectal retractor are very promising, and these devices can be used for patients after the necessary evaluations by radiation oncologist in post-prostatectomy radiotherapy. However, further studies will be required to elucidate the efficacy of SpaceOAR hydrogel and rectal retractor in reducing radiotherapy-induced rectal toxicity following post-prostatectomy radiotherapy.

Keywords: prostatectomy, prostate cancer, radiotherapy, rectum.


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