Showing 45 results for Shahi
F Shirvani, N Khosroshahi,
Volume 56, Issue 1 (30 1998)
Abstract
Perinatal mortality rate is an import health index. In this study, we have attempted to determine the causes and rate of perinatal mortality, in 18885 randomly selected newborns, in all the obstetrics and delivery centers of Tehran, during one year (1994-1995). The mortality rate was approximately 21/1.000. Cesarean section was performed in 42.2%, and vaginal delivery in 57.8% of cases. Prematurity was observed in 11.3% and 8.4% weighted less than 2500 gr (low birth weight : LBW). Perinatal mortality was significantly more frequent in the presence of prematurity (p = 0,000), LBW (p = 0.000), mothers who were older than 35 y (as compared to the 20-29 y age group p = 0.01), high parity (> 5 p = 0.00001), and high gravida (> 5 p = 0.04), low educational level (less than high school diploma p = 004), twin or multiple pregnancies (p = 0.000), congenital malformations (p = 0.000), low Apgar score (< 4 in 1 and 5 p = 0.000), and in the absence of perinatal care (p - 0.000 002)
Z Noroozi , N Khosroshahi ,
Volume 56, Issue 3 (1 1998)
Abstract
Febrile seizure is the most frequent type of seizure in childhood occurring in 2-4% of children under the age of 5. Although pathogenesis of seizure following fever is not well understood, multiple risk factors are known to contribute to its precipitation. One of the possible risk factors which had not been mentioned yet in reference texts and still is in the research phase is a serum sodium level below the normal limits which specially plays a role in the recurrence of febrile seizure. In this descriptive retrospective study records of 400 in-patients cases of primary episodes of febrile seizure in Bahrami children hospital in the years of 1996-1997 were reviewed. 214 (53.5%) cases had serum sodium levels of <135 m.mol/L. The mean serum sodium level for all the cases was 135.28±4.65 m.mol/L which is considerly less than the serum sodium level of 140±0.8 m.mol/L seen in healthy children. There was no significant difference in serum sodium levels different sex and age groups in this patient population
Karimi Shahidi Sm, Dabbagh Mohammady A, Iravani B, ,
Volume 60, Issue 1 (13 2002)
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most critical medical emergency situations. Treatment with anti microbial drugs should be initiated as soon as samples of blood and other relevant sites have been cultured. Available information about patterns of anti microbial Susceptibility among bacterial isolates from the community, the hospital, and the patient should be taken in to account. It is important, pending culture results, to initiate empirical anti microbial therapy.
Materials and methods: In a descriptive study during 3 years (1377-1379), microbial and anti microbial susceptibility patterns evaluated in Amir alam clinical laboratory on 2000 specimen of blood culture received from 765 hospitalized patients at Amir Alam hospital wards.
Results: 113 specimens from 77 patient (10 percent) were positive for microbial growth. Enterobacter, S. aureus, S.epidermidis, Pneumococci, Ecoli, and Pseudomonas were the most common isolated etiologic agents(80 percent) . The most common organism was Entenobacter in 1377, S.aureus in 1378 and pseudomonas in 1379 There were significant change in patlern of organisms, increase resistance to some important available antibiotics and change in antibiotic susceptibility pattern during three years (disc diffusion method).
Conclusions: According to Results of this study due to change in pattern of organism and their antibiotic susceptibility, dynamic microbiological study provide important data for Ordering empirical and culture oriented treatment of patients with bacteremia, Sepsis, anti microbial Chemotherapy, anti microbial susceptibility empirical anti microbial therapy, microbial pattern.
Fahimi D, Khosroshahi N, Al Hossein S M, Amin Nejad M, Ansari M,
Volume 61, Issue 6 (15 2003)
Abstract
Acute Pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in children that may lead to renal scarring. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is an important risk factor of renal damage but not the only one.
Materials and Methods: In order to determine the association between dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphic and voiding cystourethrographic findings, a retrospective study was performed on 50 children (100 renal units) with APN that had been admitted to Bahrami Hospital from 1995 through 1998. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and DMSA scan were performed in all patients within 1 to 2 weeks after termination of treatment and a second scan was performed 6 months later in patients whose kidneys showed cortical defects in the first one. The grade of reflux was based on international reflux classification (I-V). The DMSA scans were considered abnormal if one or more areas of decreased cortical uptake were noted (cortical defect). The scar was defined as persistence of these defects in the second scan. DMSA cortical defect and VUR were demonstrated in 42 (42%) and 26 (26%) of renal units respectively.
Results: Fourteen out of 26 renal units (54%) with reflux had cortical defects and 28 out of 74 renal units (38%) without reflux had cortical defects (P=0.15). Permanent renal scarring was noted in 25/ 42 of renal units (62 %) in second scan.
Conclusion: It seems that VCUG alone is insufficient as a screening modality to identity those kidneys at risk of damage and DMSA scan may provide additional information about this.
Jamshidi A R, Safavi E, Naji A, Sedighi N, Gharib Doost F, Saber S, Gholshahi H, Jvadi Nejad Z , Bhadorani A,
Volume 62, Issue 2 (12 2004)
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary involvement is a common and serious complication of rheumatoid arthritis. This cross sectional study sought to determine the prevalence of pulmonary disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of history, physical examination, chest X-ray and PFT.
Materials and Methods: 103 patients (81 Women, 22 Men) fulfilling the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria for RA (Rheumatoid arthritis) were consecutively included in a cross sectional study. Detailed medical (including respiratory symptoms and the disease activity symptoms) and drug and occupational histories and smoking were obtained. All patients underwent a complete pulmonary and rheumatologic examination and conventional chest radiography. All patients underwent PFT that comprised spirometry and body plethysmography.Results for PFTs were expressed as percentage of predicted values for each individual adjusted for age, sex, and height.
Results: On the basis of history: Their mean age was 43.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 17-74) and the mean duration of the disease was 69.3 ± 15.6 months. Rheumatoid factor was positive in% 61.2. No patients were 0.5Pack/Year smoker in whole life. Prevalence of pulmonary involvement based on radiographic and pulmonary function test detected in 41 patients (39/7%). The most frequent respiratory clinical finding was dyspnea (33%), (NYHA grade I in 17.5% and NYHA grade II in 15.5%), Cough (with or without sputum) in 13.6 %, Crackle was the most sign in pulmonary examination (5.8%). Chest X-ray was abnormal in 13.3 % that the most common finding in this study was reticulonodular pattern in 20 patients (19.4 %), and pleural effusion detected in 7 patients (6.7%). PFT was abnormal in 30 patients (29.1 %). A significant decrease of FEF 25%-75% below 1.64 SD. Small airway involvements was the most abnormal finding of PFT. No relation between rheumatoid arthritis disease activity (ESR>30, Morning stiffness>30', Anemia, thrombocytosis) with pulmonary disease was seen.
Conclusion: This study suggests a high prevalence of lung involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Therefore we recommend a complete investigation in patients with RA with any respiratory symptom.
M. Akrami, M. Mirshahi, K. Khajeh, H. Naderimanesh,
Volume 64, Issue 5 (1 2006)
Abstract
Background: Human plasminogen is a plasma glycoprotein synthesized mainly in the liver. Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by plasminogen activators is a key event in the fibrinolytic system. In this study, we investigated the effects of two anti-human plasminogen monoclonal antibodies, A1D12 and MC2B8 on Glu-plasminogen activation in presence of u-PA, t-PA and streptokinase.
Methods: Producing of Hybridoma antibodies was performed by fusion of spleen cells from BALB/C mice immunized with Glu-plasminogen and NS1 myeloma cells. Antibody binding to Human Glu-plasminogen was assessed using an ELISA assay. Activation of plasminogen was determined by measuring plasmin generation using the chromogenic substrate S-2251 and the effect of monoclonal antibodies, A1D12 and MC2B8 on plasminogen activation in solution was then evaluated. Initial rates and kinetic parameters of plasminogen activation in the presence of monoclonal antibodies were calculated. The effect of the monoclonal antibody MC2B8 on the rate of plasmin hydrolysis was measured. The effect of F(ab&apos)2 fragment of A1D12 on u-PA catalyzed-plasminogen activation also compared with the effect of the whole antibody in this reaction.
Results: ELISA assay showed that the antibodies reacted well with antigens. A1D12 increased the maximum velocity (Vmax) of plasminogen activation by each of the three plasminogen activators and MC2B8 decreased it. In all activation reactions, the KM value of plasminogen activation did not significantly change in the presence of antibody A1D12 whereas antibody MC2B8 increased the KM value of plasminogen activation by u-PA, fibrin monomer dependent t-PA and streptokinase. Monoclonal antibody MC2B8 had no significant effect on plasmin hydrolysis rate of synthetic substrate S-2251. Activation rate of plasminogen by u-PA in the lower concentration of F (ab)2 fragment of A1D12 was identical to activation in the presence of the whole antibody.
Conclusion: The binding of the A1D12 F(ab) region to Glu-plasminogen increases the catalytic efficiency of plasminogen activation by plasminogen activators. Therefore, it may be useful to apply clinically A1D12 for the therapy of thromboembolic events such as myocardial infarction by humanizing the F(ab) fragment of the A1D12 antibody. Inhibition pattern of antibody MC2B8 obey the mixed type of enzyme inhibition by binding the antibody probably at, or near, the cleavage site of Glu-plasminogen.
Shahidi Sh, Seirafian Sh, Shayegan Nia B, Adilipoor H,
Volume 64, Issue 9 (1 2006)
Abstract
Background: Long term use of immunosuppressive therapy in transplant
recipients in order to prevent acute and chronic rejection increases the long
term risk of cancer. This study evaluates the incidence of different organs’
cancer after renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy.
Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of malignant tumors in renal graft
recipients with more than one year graft survival. Patients were assessed
according to their age, sex, diagnosis of cancer, immunosuppressive drugs,
donors and period of dialysis before transplantation.
Results: Evaluating all existing files in selected private clinics in Isfahan 350
patients were reviewed and 289 of them had entrance criteria. A total of 186
men and 103 women (mean age: 42.17±13.09 years) were included. They were
followed up over a mean period of 52.46±33.24 months. A total of six cases
(2.1%) of cancer were diagnosed in six recipients: All patients with cancer
were male with a mean age of 51.17±14.7 years (range: 26-68 years). Tumor
presented at a mean time of 51 months (rang: 15-82 months) after
transplantation. There were two patients with BCC, two patients with SCC and
two patients with lymphoma. Two patients died of progressive malignant
disease. Age, period of dialysis before transplantation, and using
immunosuppressive and anti-rejection drugs had no significant impact on
development of post transplant malignancy.
Conclusion: The frequency of tumors in these patients is lower than what
reported by other centers, probably due to short period of follow up and low
incidence of cancer in our general population. The risk of malignancy was 28
fold higher among transplant recipients than in general population. High risk
of cancer in this group, confirms the necessity of routine examination for
organ transplant recipients both before and after transplantation.
Jafari R, Mirshahi M,
Volume 65, Issue 1 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Streptokinase (SK) is an effective and specific thrombolytic treatment of
acute myocardial infarction. Despite its significant limitations, streptokinase remains the
drug of choice particularly in countries with poorer economies because of its relatively
low cost. In this study, the production and purification of streptokinase using a pMAL
expression vector were evaluated.
Methods: The pMAL vector, including the skc gene, obtained from Streptococcus
equisimilis H46A, was transformed into E. coli BL21 to produce the soluble active fusion
protein SK-MBP. The conditions of SK production were optimized by manipulating
temperature, induction time and IPTG concentrations. This protein was purified by
DEAE-sepharose column chromatography and the final purity was determined and
activity of purified SK-MBP was measured using a synthetic substrate (S2251).
Results: After optimizing the production conditions, SK-MBP was the major portion of
total protein. Purified SK-MBP formed a single band using SDS-PAGE and had high
biological activity.
Conclusion: In this study we used pMAL expression vector to produce SK-MBP in E.
coli BL21. Using this method we prevented the accumulation of inclusion bodies in spite
of the high level of production of SK-MBP. Choosing a suitable host organism for the
production of recombinant proteins is one of the most important factors that influence the
level of desired protein production. Further studies are recommended to test other host
organisms for this purpose.
Feizy V, Ghazi P, Dolatshahi M, Hatmi Z N,
Volume 65, Issue 4 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the quality of life in vitiligo sufferers and its relationship with a number of variables such as age, gender, educational level, place of residence, marital status, disease duration, disease extension, visibility of lesions and skin phototype (SPT).
Methods: In this study we evaluate the quality of life in patients with vitiligo attending Razi Hospital in July and August 2005. Permission from Professor Finlay was obtained to use the DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life. One hundred patients with at least one vitiligo patch (age range= 14–57) answered the question-naire. Other survey questions about mentioned variables were also answered. Scoring was done according to Finlay`s guidelines. The higher the score, the greater the impairment of quality of life.
Results: The mean DLQI score in our study was 8.16 (sd=5.423) with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 28. There were statistically significant relationships between DLQI scores and marital status, skin phototype and disease extension independently, but not between DLQI scores and other variables. The mean DLQI score was significantly higher in married compared to single patients. In fact this difference was significant in women. Married women had a statistically higher score than single women while single and married men had no significant difference. Patients with
Skin Phototype IV showed a higher DLQI score than other SPTs, which was statistically notable (p=0.000). The patients with more disease extension had higher score that was statistically significant (p=0.000).
Conclusions: This study shows that vitiligo has a major impact on the quality of life and indicates specific groups that are most affected by the disease. Hence, dermatologists should pay attention to the psychologic effects of this cosmetic disease and try to decrease its extension and disfiguring effects by various treatment modalities.
Shahidi Sh, Ashrafi F, Izadi N, Adilipour H,
Volume 66, Issue 8 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Insect stings can cause local or systemic reactions that range from mild to fatal, and are among the most common causes of anaphylaxis. The major allergens of honeybee venom are phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase, allergen C and melitin. Phospholipase and melitin induce hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis and liver damage due to cell membrane breakdown, damage of the vascular endothelium and activation of the inflammatory response. Rhabdomyolysis has been implicated as the cause of acute renal failure in approximately 5-7% of cases. However, bee stings are a rare cause of rhabdomyolysis, and are usually associated with 50 or more stings. It has been reported that more than 250 bee stings are capable of causing death in humans.
Case report: We report two cases of massive honeybee stings (>2000) with rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis and acute renal failure who survived with full recovery, and two cases of >500 honeybee stings who survived without significant complications.
Gharaati Mr, Mirshahi M, Sadeghi-Zadeh M,
Volume 66, Issue 10 (4 2009)
Abstract
Background: Tumor cells need food and oxygen supply for growth and division. Therefore one of the most promising areas of cancer therapy focuses on using agents that inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Inhibition of angiogenesis prevents cell growth, division and metastasis. Previous studies showed that plasminogen related Protein-B has an anti-tumor activity in mice. This protein has a high level of homology with preactivation Peptide (PAP) of human plasminogen. According to this high homology, antiangiogeneic activity of PAP was investigated in an in vitro angiogenesis model.
Methods: PAP encoding region of human plasminogen gene was isolated by Polymerase Chain Reaction and cloned in pGEX-2T vector. This plasmid was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein (GST-PAP). GST-PAP was expressed as inclusion body and purified by affinity chromatography on GSH-sepharose resin after refolding. antiangiogenic effects of purified protein were surveyed with Matrigel assay.
Results: The GST-PAP was expressed and purified and its accuracy was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis and immunoblotting. Microscopic studies showed that GST-PAP inhibited angiogenesis in Matrigel system which is shown by shrinking the length of capillary like structures and a decrease in the number of tubule. While applying concentarations of 25μg/ml of GST-PAP and concentrations above that, antiangiogenic activity of GST-PAP was significant comparing to the controls.
Conclusion: Finding shows that GST-PAP can inhibit network formation in Matrigel system. This findings support the theory that PAP is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor.
Qaziasgar L, Kermanshahi Rk,
Volume 66, Issue 10 (4 2009)
Abstract
Background: Because of importance and extensive use of textile in clinical setting especially as bandage, so outbreak of nosocomial infections due to Bacteria resistance nanobiotechnological advances in recent decade, achieved methods for fabrication antimicrobial effect in fibers that can satisfied the needs of patients in the wake of health and hygiene.
Methods: The antimicrobial effect of special type of fibers produced in Isfahan Poly Acryl Plant on one resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from 54 wound samples of patients in Isabn e Maryam hospital and P.aeruginosa (PTCC1024) was studied by using shake flask method. In order to compare the effect of pure antimicrobial agent of the fiber with that of gentamicin, the minimal inhibitory concentration of these agents was tested on strains. The effect of the interaction of these two antimicrobial agents and their fractional inhibitory concentration on chosen strains was studied using checkerboard method.
Results: The results show inefficient effect by antimicrobial fiber on P.aeruginosa strains after 24 hrs. But despite the high level MIC of gentamicin on these bacteria (1-3 µg/ml), the MIC of pure antimicrobial agent of fiber at a level of 10-3 µl/ml caused growth inhibition. The interaction of these antibacterial agents on the P.aeruginosa isolated from wound was evaluated as synergism.
Conclusions: According to this study the antimicrobial effect of the fiber on growth inhibition of P.aeruginosa strains is negative (despite of significant effect by pure antimicrobial agent used in produced the antimicrobial fiber on examined strains).
Maleki A, Mansouri K, Mirshahi M, Pourfatholah Ak, Akrami M,
Volume 67, Issue 1 (4 2009)
Abstract
Background: Plasminogen has a central role in fibrinolyrtic system can activate through various activators (PAs) to its active form plasmin and perfoem its vital function that is fibrin clot lysis. Furthermore the fibrinolyrtic system plays a major role in angiogenesis. The fibrinolyrtic system activation control cell migration and invasion. In addition to this, plasmin regulates tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies, as biological tools, play an important role in basic researches.
Methods: In the first step the effects of antibodies on the activation of fibrinolyrtic system with PAs were evaluated with several methods including macroscopic observation, quantitative measurement of DD/E fragments by D-dimer assay and activation of plasminogen by S-2251 synthetic substrate (ELISA method), subsequently we studied the effect of antibodies on angiogenesis process in an in- vitro model.
Results: Results showed that MC2B8 that is an inhibitor of plasminogen activation in presence of plasminogen activators can inhibit angiogenesis process: A1D12 that is against N-terminal domain of Glu-plasminogen, in addition to activation of fibrinolyrtic system in presence of plasminogen activators, can activate in vitro angiogenesis process.
Conclusion: Plasmin formation is a critical step in invasion and migration of endothelial cells to form new vessels. Plasmin directly participates in angiogenesis by direct fibrin and other matrix components degradation, and indirectly by activating matrix degrading metalloproteinase and angiogenic growth factors. According to the in- vitro results, MC2B8 and A1D12 monoclonal antibodies play roles in this process in a dose dependent manner.
Kazemi Arababadi M, Pourfathollah Aa, Jafarzadeh A, Hassanshahi Gh, Rezvani Me,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (6 2009)
Abstract
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MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Occult hepatitis
B infection (OBI)
is a form of hepatitis in which despite absence of detectable HBsAg, HBV-DNA
is present in peripheral blood of patients. The responsible mechanisms for
progression of OBI yet to be clarified, but some investigators believed that the genetics and
immunological parameters are different in resistant individuals and patients.
Vitamin D3 and its receptor interaction
could be involved in anti-viral immune response. The aim of this study was to
investigate the association between polymorphisms in intron 8 of VDR with OBI.
Methods: In this experimental study, the plasma samples of 3700
blood donors were collected and tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by ELISA.
The HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive
samples were selected and screened for HBV-DNA
using PCR. HBV-DNA positive samples were assigned as OBI cases and PCR-RFLP
was performed to examine the polymorphisms in intron 8 of VDR genes.
Results: Results of current study indicated that 352 (9.5%)
of 3700 blood samples were HBsAg- and anti-HBc+. HBV-DNA
was detected in 57/352 (16.1%) of HBsAg- and anti-HBc+ samples.
Our results showed that no significant difference was observed in Apa-1 polymorphisms
of intron 8 of VDR and OBI patients.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated
that there are not any association between Apa-1 detected alleles and OBI, hence, it can be concluded that these alleles are
not associated with OBI and other researchers
should evaluate relation between other polymorphisms of VDR with OBI.
Ashrafi M, Hamidi Beheshti Mt, Shahidi Sh, Ashrafi F,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (6 2009)
Abstract
Background: Kidney transplantation had been evaluated in some
researches in Iran mainly with clinical approach. In this research we
evaluated graft survival in kidney recipients and factors impacting on
survival rate. Artificial neural networks have a good ability in
modeling complex relationships, so we used this ability to demonstrate
a model for prediction of 5yr graft survival after kidney
transplantation.
Methods: This retrospective study was done on 316 kidney
transplants from 1984 through 2006 in Isfahan. Graft survival was
calculated by Kaplan-meire method. Cox regression and artificial neural
networks were used for constructing a model for prediction of graft
survival.
Results: Body mass index (BMI) and type of transplantation
(living/cadaver) had significant effects on graft survival in cox
regression model. Effective variables in neural network model were
recipient age, recipient BMI, type of transplantation and donor age.
One year, 3 year and 5 year graft survival was 96%, 93% and 90%
respectively. Suggested artificial neural network model had good
accuracy (72%) with the area under the Receiver-Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curve 0.736 and appropriate results in goodness of
fit test (κ2=33.924). Sensitivity of model in identification of true
positive situations was more than false negative situations (72% Vs
61%).
Conclusion: Graft survival in living donors was
more than cadaver donors. Graft survival decreased when the BMI
increased at transplantation time. In traditional statistical approach
Cox regression analysis is used in survival analysis, this research
shows that artificial neural networks also can be used in constructing
models to predict graft survival in kidney transplantation.
Parisa Hasanein, Siamak Shahidi,
Volume 68, Issue 1 (4 2010)
Abstract
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MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: Ascorbic
acid improves cognitive impairments in several experimental models. Diabetes
causes learning and memory deficits. In this study we hypothesized that chronic
treatment with ascorbic acid (100mg/kg, p.o) would affect on the passive avoidance
learning (PAL) and memory in control and streptozocin-induced
diabetic rats.
Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. injection of STZ (60mg/kg). The
rats were considered diabetic if plasma glucose levels exceeded 250mg/dl on three
days after STZ injection. Treatment was begun at the onset of
hyperglycemia. PAL was assessed 30 days later. Retention test was done 24 h after
training. At the end, animals were weighted and blood samples were drawn for
plasma glucose measurement.
Results: Diabetes caused impairment in acquisition and
retrieval processes of PAL and memory in rats. Ascorbic acid treatment improved
learning and memory in control rats and reversed learning and memory deficits
in diabetic rats. Ascorbic acid administration also improved the body weight
loss and hyperglycemia of diabetics. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties of
the vitamin may be involved in the memory improving effects of such treatment.
Conclusion: These results show that ascorbic acid administration
to rats for 30
days from onset of diabetes alleviated the negative influence of diabetes on
learning and memory. Comparing with other nootropic drugs, vitamins have fewer
side effects. Therefore, this regimen may provide a new potential alternative
for prevention of the impaired cognitive functions associated with diabetes
after confirming by clinical trials.
Noorbakhsh S, Shekarabi M, Kalbasi Z, Tabatabaei A, Tonekaboni H, Afsharkhas L, Vafaei-Shahi M,
Volume 68, Issue 5 (6 2010)
Abstract
Background: M. pneumoniae infection in children is usual and diagnosis of its neurologic complications for rapid treatment is very important. To compare the CSF- M. pneumoniae antibody level between febrile children with acute neurologic signs (Menigoencephalitis, Guillan Barre Syndrome (GBS), Transverse myelitis, Ataxia and so on) with unaffected ones.
Methods: A cross sectional/ case control study in pediatric wards of Rasoul-e-Akram & Mofid hospitals (2007-2009) was done. The amount of Specific M. pneumoniae IgG (ELISA) antibody level determined in CSF of 55 cases and in 10 controls. Chi square values (CI 95%, p< 0.05) calculated for all categorical variables. Sensitivity specificity Positive Predictive Value (PPV) Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of CSF antibody level determined by using the Area under the ROC Curve.
Results: Cases (n= 55) aged between five month to 13 years with mean age of 3.84±3.43 years. Area Under Curve (AUC) in ROC was 0.876 (%95 CI, 0.78- 0.96 p< 0.0001). Cut off level for antibody was 0.0025 with 73% sensitivity 90% specificity 100% PPV 28.8% NPV. CSF antibody level had significant difference between cases and controls [0.08± 0.26 Versus 0.001± 0.001 p: 0.02] It had poor agreement between cases and controls (Kappa= 0.27). Lowest amount seen in cases with aseptic meningitis highest amount observed in cases with GBS and cases with focal neurologic signs.
Conclusion: The presence of very low amount (0.0025) of M. pneumoniae antibody in CSF of febrile children with acute neurologic signs had 70% sensitivity and 90% specificity 100% PPV but had low (28.8%) NPV. M. pneumoniae would be a rare cause in cases with aseptic meningitis. Finding the M. pneumoniae-DNAs in CSF are not so frequent (2%) but in high suspicious cases adding this test to determining the CSF antibody level might be helpful.
Shatizadeh Malekshahi S, Yavarian J, Naseri M, Rezaei F, Mokhtari Azad T,
Volume 68, Issue 9 (6 2010)
Abstract
Background: Respiratory virus infections represent a major public
health problem because of their worldwide occurrence, ease of spread in the
community and considerable morbidity and mortality. They are one of the most
common reasons for hospitalization of children under the age of six. In some
cases, infection with two different viruses increase the severity of disease
which lead to the hospitalization.
Case presentation: Among 202 samples related to children under the age of six
with respiratory infections, two dual infections of Adenovirus with other
respiratory viruses with PCR test were
detected.
Conclusion: Mixed respiratory viral infections are sometimes
associated with severe disease and recognition of coinfection is important. Dual infections of Adenovirus with respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV) and
Swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus
were demonstrated. The evidence showed that the co-infection of Adenovirus with
swine origin influenza A (H1N1), has
increased the severity of disease which lead to the hospitalization.
Keyhani Doost Z, Moayyeri H, Khosroshahi N, Molatefi R,
Volume 68, Issue 10 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is a common disease in the pediatric neurology. There are frequent
anti-epileptic drugs which are used in management of epilepsy. Anti-epileptic
drugs may have some complications on bone and vitamin-D
metabolism. In this study we aimed to evaluate vitamin-D
metabolism in epileptic children.
Methods: The study was a prospective and cross sectional one. A
total 89 epileptic children who were taking
anti-epileptic drugs for longer than six months with no underlying disorder in
Imam Khomeini and Bahrami Hospitals in Tehran,
Iran were
enrolled in our study
Results: Forty nine boys and 40 girls were enrolled
in this study mean age of the patients was 7.8±2.1
years. Mean duration of anti-epileptic drug therapy was 2.3
years (SD=0.4), 70
of patients were under monotherapy and 19 were
under polytherapy. None of the patients had signs of rickets. Serum calcium and
phosphor levels were within normal ranges. Serum alkaline phosphates levels
were increased more than two times in 43%.
42% had vitamin-D
deficiency (25-OH Vit D<10
ng/ml) and another 33% had vitamin-D
insufficiency (10<25-oh Vit
D<20 ng/ml). 29
patients (32%) were taking
prophylactic supplemental Vit
D (200-400 IU/day). There was
significant difference between patients taking supplemental vitamin-D
as prophylaxis and patients who did not (p=0.04).
There was no significant difference in vitamin-D
levels between patients according to age, gender or different drugs.
Conclusion: Periodic measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin-D is
recommended in epileptic children taking anti-epileptic dugs. Supplemental
vitamin-D administration in such
patients may be helpful.
Askarishahi M, Hajizadeh E, Afkhami-Ardakani M,
Volume 68, Issue 11 (4 2011)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence. Retinopathy is one of the main complications of diabetes. Early diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy can reduce the risk of low vision and blindness. The aim of this study was to apply regression analysis of current status data to determine risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes being referred to the Ophthalmology Clinic of Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Iran.
Methods: In this analytical-observational study, 459 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study and the ophthalmic examinations done by an ophthalmologist included visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and slit-lamp examination. After pupil dilatation, funduscopy was done and the patients were classified according to ETDRS criteria. A proportional hazard model for current status data was used to identify the risk factors for retinopathy.
Results: The hazard rate of having retinopathy increased by 5% for an increase of one year in the duration of diabetes (p<0.05) and the hazard rate of having retinopathy was 1.1 times greater in patients who had used insulin for diabetes compared with other type 2 diabetes patients (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that a history of hypertension may reduce the risks of diabetic retinopathy. In patients with the early diagnosis of diabetes, regular examination of the fundus, blood sugar control and tight control of high blood pressure are recommended.
