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Vitamin C in prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft: double blind randomized clinical trial
Mahmoodreza Sarzaeem , Nasim Shayan ,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (March 2014)
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia after cardiac surgery. Vitamin C as an antioxidant has an important role in reducing the incidence of postop-erative atrial fibrillation. The present study aimed at administrating vitamin C as a way to reduce the incidence of post-CABG atrial fibrillation. Methods: In this double-blind, parallel clinical trial, 170 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent CABG surgery, by using a table of random numbers are di-vided into intervention and control groups to receive placebo or vitamin C. The clinical and surgical characteristics of the patients in the two groups were similar. The interven-tion group received 2 mg of vitamin C intravenously, the night before surgery. This drug followed by 500 mg, twice a day for five days after surgery. On the other hand patients in the control group received placebo (normal saline intravenously). After operation two groups were compared regarding Important outcomes such as postoperative arrhythmia, ICU stay and hospital stay. Results: One hundred eighteen men and fifty two women with a mean age of 59.1±9.8 years were enrolled in the study in two vitamin C and placebo groups (each consisting of 85 patients). The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was 12.9% in the vita-min C group and 29.4% in the control group (P=0.009). ICU stay in the vitamin C group were 2.5±1.4 days versus 3.0±1.6 days in controls (P=0.035) and hospital stay in the vitamin C group were 6.6±1.5 days versus 8.2±2.3 days in controls (P<0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin C is relatively safe, inexpensive, well tolerated and has a low complication. According to the 44% reduction in the incidence of atrial fibrillation in vitamin C patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, this drug can be prescribed as a prophylaxis for prevention of post-CABG atrial fibrillation.
Low dose Colchicine in prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft: a double blind clinical trial
Mahmoodreza Sarzaeem , Nasim Shayan , Jamshid Bagheri , Mohammad Jebelli , Mohammadhosein Mandegar ,
Volume 72, Issue 3 (June 2014)
Abstract
Background: The occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is linked to an increased inflam-matory response after cardiac surgery that is significantly decreased by anti-inflammatory treatments. The present study aimed at administrating Colchicine as a way to reduce the incidence of post- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) atrial fibrillation. Methods: In this double-blind, parallel clinical trial, 216 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent CABG surgery, by using a table of random numbers are divided into intervention and control groups to receive placebo or Colchicine. The clinical and surgical characteristics of the patients in two groups were similar. The intervention group received 1.0 mg of Colchicine tab, the night before surgery and on the morning of surgery. This drug followed by 0.5 mg twice a day for five days after surgery. On the other hand patients in the control group received only placebo (ineffective pill with similar size to Colchicine). After operation two groups were compared regarding important outcomes such as postoperative arrhythmia, ICU stay and hospital stay. The data were assessed using SPSS software (version 17) and t-test and 2 statistical tests. Results: One hundred fifty six men and sixty women with a mean age of 59.9±9.3 years were enrolled in the study in two Colchicine and placebo groups (each consisting of 108 patients). The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was 14.8% in the Col-chicine group and 30.6% in the control group (P= 0.006). ICU stay in the Colchicine group were 2.4±1.3 days versus 3.1±1.5 days in controls (P< 0.001) and hospital stay in the Colchicine group were 6.6±1.5 days versus 8.1±2.0 days in controls (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory medication and has very few side effects at low doses. According to the 48% reduction in the incidence of atrial fibrillation in Colchicine patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, this drug can be prescribed as a prophylaxis for prevention of post-CABG atrial fibrillation.
Comparison of the expression levels of Fas and Apaf-1 genes in systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts
Majid Abed Khojasteh , Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul , Mahdi Mahmoudi , Mohammad Bagher Mahmoudi , Shayan Mostafaei , Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi , Farhad Gharibdoost ,
Volume 74, Issue 4 (July 2016)
Abstract

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune rheumatic connective tissue disease. In normal wound healing process, fibroblasts are activated, proliferated and involved in tissue repair, and then removed by apoptosis. In systemic sclerosis, patient’s fibrosis occurs when fibroblasts become resistant to apoptosis and secrete a large amount of collagen and other extracellular matrixes. As the primary causes the disease are very complex and often unknown, it is necessary to consider or target the secondary causes of disease, such as the unresponsiveness of activated fibroblasts to apoptosis as the major factor in the creation and deployment of illness. In this study, we examined the expression levels of two key pro-apoptotic genes, Fas and Apaf-1, which are respectively involved in external and internal pathway of apoptosis.

Methods: In a case-control study skin biopsy samples were obtained from 19 patients with diffuse SSc, and 16 healthy controls. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured and total RNA was isolated from cell populations using High Pure RNA Isolation Kit (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany), followed by cDNA synthesis using RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Massachusetts, USA). Real-time PCR was performed using SYBRGreen gene expression master mix (Takara Shuzo, Co., Ltd, Shiga, Japan) and specific primers for Fas and Apaf-1. Real-time data were analyzed using the (2-ΔCT)×1000 method. Statistical analysis was accomplished by using the SPSS software, v22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The P value less than 0.05 were recognized as a significant threshold. All data are represented as the mean ± SEM.

Results: Our results showed no significant difference in Fas (P=0.8) and Apaf-1 (P=0.17) mRNA expression levels between skin fibroblasts of systemic sclerosis patients and healthy controls.

Conclusion: In this study we observed no significant change in Apaf-1 and Fas mRNA levels in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts compared to control group. Hence, Apaf-1 and Fas are not transcriptionally activated in SSc fibroblasts. Further studies need to take place on protein levels and function of these proteins to confirm the mRNA transcription results.


The study on the knowledge, attitude and practice of Tehran citizens about Health and Disease in 2011 (KAP): overview of methodology and primary results
Masoud Ahmadzad-Asl , Shayan Mostafaei , Shahram Rafiefar , Navid Mohammadi , Malihe Farid , Kourosh Kabir ,
Volume 76, Issue 4 (July 2018)
Abstract
Background: The study of their knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward health is an essential step for health planning. In the urban area, there are several concerns about environmental pollution, health status, the dangers of insecurity, and bad dietary habits. The aim of the study was the determination of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Tehran citizens in order to plan better municipal services.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 13000 participants between 15-84 years in 22 districts of Tehran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, in August and September of 2011. Cluster sampling and self-administered reliable and valid questionnaire were used for data gathering. The inclusion criteria are all of citizens of Tehran. Age, sex, marital and job status, obesity, physical activity, hypertension, myocardial infarction, accidents, diabetes, nutrition, stroke, psychological behavior, smoking, addiction and drugs, musculoskeletal, sexual behavior, anemia, physical environment, fat blood, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dietary habits and socioeconomic status were measured under standard protocols and by using calibrated instruments. 
Results: From 13000 participants in the study, 11753 (90%) was fulfilled the questioners. Nonresponse rate from 11753 participants was 8.6%. The proportion of obesity/overweight was 50% and 29.5% of people had appropriate physical exercise, 37.6% reported a tobacco consumer in their family and 4.5% reported an experience of substance misuse. Also, 29.2% and 24.8% from these had anomalistic consuming of salt and soft drink, respectively. Of the participants, 44.8%, 89.1% had a good knowledge and attitude, respectively. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.82 and 0.79 for knowledge, attitude and behavior, respectively. In additional, the correlation coefficient between test and re-test questions was 0.91. 
Conclusion: This study was a comprehensive study to measure the knowledge, attitude and practice of Tehran citizens using reliable and valid questionnaires about general health status. A considerable percentage of Tehran citizens suffering from overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, high blood lipids and smoking consuming and using anomalistic from TV and computer. The results can be used as a framework and guide to prioritize problems and planning health education interventions in Tehran

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