Tehran University Medical Journal

Results: The results showed that the relative expression of mRNA of PGC-1α gene significantly increased in both exercise groups compared to the control groups (P=0.001). In contrast, in comparison of control groups, neither HIIT nor MICT had no significant effects on serum irisin levels (P=0.20).

Background: Recent evidence suggests that regular exercise training is effective in treating various aspects of cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic interval training on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) protein and expression of p53 gene in tumor of colon cancer mice.
Methods: The present study was conducted experimentally from May to October 2014 at the Exercise Physiology Research Center of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Twenty BALB/c mice of age 3 weekly with a mean weight of 17.6±1.4 grams were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: control (N=5), interval training (N=5), colon tumor (N=5) and interval training+colon tumor (N=5). The cancer was induced by subcutaneous injection of a carcinogenic azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) once a week for three weeks, and aerobic exercise was performed with rodent treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 days a week. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the mice were cleared and colon removed. Measurement of MCT1 protein was performed by ELISA and commercial kits (ZellBio, Germany). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the relative expression of p53 gene. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in MCT1 protein (P< 0.01) and significant reductions in p53 gene expression (P< 0.001) in a colon tumor group compared to other groups. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of MCT1 protein (P< 0.01) and significant increase in p53 gene expression (P< 0.001) in the exercise training group and exercise training+colon tumor group compared to control group and the tumor group was observed.
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that aerobic interval training reduced the protein content of MCT1 and increased the expression of p53 gene (as a tumor inhibitor) in the tumor of colon cancer mice. These factors are portions of the mechanisms involved in cancer cell metabolism by which aerobic interval training shows part of its therapeutic effect in colon cancer.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological and inflammatory disorder that affects the nervous system. The etiology of MS is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Lack of vitamin D, smoking, and Epstein barr virus can cause epigenetic changes. Several studies have found that Dysregulation in DNA methylation is related to abnormal immune responses and post-translation modifications of myelin proteins in the brain specimens of MS patients. Molecular mechanisms through environmental signals lead to gene expression changes include DNA methylation, post modification of nucleosomal histones and non-coding RNAs. Also, abnormal microRNA profiles have been reported in the brain tissues and peripheral immune blood cells of MS patients. Increased histone acetylation and citrullination of myelin basic protein are two epigenetic mechanisms that may intensify the disease course, in the progressive type. The activation of T cells by histone deacetylase (HDAC) may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS disease and increase the intensity of disease. Increased of HDAC transcripts can also be observed during immune cell activation. Th1 differentiation is produced by HDACs, and the inhibition of these enzymes reduces the production of IFN-γ. The expression of 364 miRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) has been reported in the patients with remitting and relapsing and increased miR-18b and miR-599 regulation in the relapsing course. Expression of miRNAs in astrocytes, microglia, and CD8+ T cells also increased. The role of epigenome in this disease can be deduced from epidemiological studies of the geographical location influence, a month of birth, nutritional status (food and vitamin D absorption), and smoking. Despite of the ever-increasing advances, the epigenetic mechanisms of MS are still unknown. Numerous studies are needed to treat and control the disease and discover new and effective drugs due to the complexity of multiple sclerosis and the importance of epigenetic changes in multiple signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms of different types of MS.

Conclusion: the present study showed the effect of moderate-intensity continuous training on the expression of RBP4 and GLUT4 genes in soleus muscle which can be effective in glucose uptake. It was also shown that moderate-intensity continuous training can minimize the complications of diabetes by reducing RBP4 gene expression.

 

Background: The objective of this study was the transcultural adaptation of the Rotator cuff quality of life (RC-QOL) questionnaire and the determination of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire in the Persian-speaking population with rotator cuff disease.
Methods: This study was conducted in Isfahan from April 2022 to February 2023. The participants consisted of 56 people with rotator cuff pathology. The process of adapting and translating the questionnaire was done with the methodology presented previously by Beaton et al. Content validity was first tested by a group of orthopedic and physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists and then through a pilot study consisting of 15 Persian-speaking patients with rotator cuff disease. Test-retest reliability was established with an intraclass correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. The measurement's error estimation was calculated with the standard error of the measurement. Reproducibility evaluation was measured with a 3-day interval between the completion of the test-retest questionnaire.

Results: The age range of the participants was 34 to 68 years (55% men and 45% women). The mean (standard deviation) of the total score of the RC-QOL questionnaire was 44.33(10.81) and ranged from 17.35 to 70.88. Cronbach's alpha was 0.971, which showed high internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.99, indicating high test-retest reliability. The mean values (standard deviations) of the DASH and SPADI questionnaires were equal to 77.66(13.69) and 66.66(18.25), respectively. The results of the study showed excellent and significant convergent validity of the RC-QOL questionnaire with both the DASH and SPADI questionnaires. The correlation value with the DASH and SPADI questionnaires was equal to 0.907 and 0.941, respectively. Conclusion: The Persian version of the RC-QOL questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the quality of life in patients diagnosed with rotator cuff injuries.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adherence to the ESC 2020 guideline for the management of NSTE-ACS patients admitted to Shahid Chamran Cardiology Hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2021.
Methods: In this retrospective study which was done during April 2021 to September 2021 we reviewed the hospital documents of 239 NSTE-ACS patients, in regard to prescribed medication during the admission period in Shahid Chamran Heart Center. Guideline-adherence was evaluated according to ESC2020 guideline. Totally 18 items were evaluated including Antiplatelet (Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, and Prasugrel) Anticoagulant (Heparin or Enoxaparin), PPI, Statin, Beta blocker, and RAAS blockers (including ACEI/ARB or MRA). In each section the selected drug and the administered dose were compared with the guideline and the guideline adherence for each part was expressed as percent.

Results: Almost complete guideline adherence was described for 12 out of 18 reviewed items (77%). However, guideline adherence in relation to the type of medicine chosen as an antiplatelet was reported to be very low, and only 1.2% of the cases received ticagrelor or prasugrel which are the guideline recommended antiplatelet agent. Additionally, most of the administered GP2b3a antagonist agents such as eptifibatide were not in accordance with the guideline (Guideline adherence 39.74%). Also, the choice of the anticoagulant agent was among the items with low guideline adherence (29.76%) and the cross-over between anticoagulants (changing heparin to enoxaparin or vice versa) which has been inhibited by the guideline was seen with high incidence in this center (78 cases). Conclusion: The present study showed relatively high guideline adherence in the most aspects of medical management. However, compliance was reported to be low in relation to the antiplatelet selection, the choice of the anticoagulant agent, and the indication for GP2b3a antagonist use, which maybe due to the higher cost of recommended agents, and shortage of some medications and dosage forms in Iran.