Zafarghandi N, Zafarghandi A.sh, Hadavand Sh, Zayeri F, Hamzeloo L,
Volume 64, Issue 7 (9 2006)
Abstract
Background: To identify the risk factors of fourth-degree laceration during vaginal delivery.
Methods: This is a retrospective, case control study. We reviewed 131802 records of vaginal deliveries within 14 years period from 1990 to 2004 in two obstetric center. Cases were 93 vaginal deliveries with fourth-degree laceration and 7 cases were delivered at home, control subjects were 200 vaginal deliveries without third- or fourth-degree lacerations and were identified with the use of random selection. We studied the effects of: maternal age, nationality, parity, gestational age, hour of delivery, birth attendants, episiotomy use and duration of second stage of labor, use of oxytocin, use of forceps or vaccum, Infant birth weight, presentation and postion of fetus, previous severe perineal injury, maternal medical illness and place of delivery.
Results: We found 93 cases (%0.07) of documented fourth-degree laceration in 131802 deliveries
Conclusion: This study identified several factors associated with fourth-degree laceration. Median episiotomy should be avoided. Nulliparity, fetal macrosomia and OP position are significant risk factors that require caution by birth attendants during delivery
Zafarghandi N, Torkestani F, Hadavand Sh, Zaeri F, Jalilnejad H,
Volume 64, Issue 11 (7 2006)
Abstract
Background: Hysterectomy is a common surgery as treatment for chronic and benign gynecologic problems. Eeach year more than half million women in USA undergo hysterectomy.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study, was done on 100 women who had underwent hysterectomy at least two years before the study and met inclusion criteria of study. During interview, the questionnaire were completed, then examination was done by gynecologist. Most of the information were collected from the patient’s files.
Results: In this study the most indication of hysterectomy was fibroma and the most common type surgery was total abdominal hysterectomy, and mostly were done without oophorectomy. 20% of cases were without or weak prior to operation and 80% with medium (or high) libido, after hysterectomy the figures changed to 41% and 59% respectively. After hysterectomy libido with P=0.001, frequency of coitus with P=0.001, and sexual satisfaction with P=0.013, significantly declined. Libido after hysterectomy declined with aging (P=0.01). There was no significant correlation between oophorectomy and libido.
Conclusion: Sexual function declines significantly after hysterectomy, with no association with oophorectomy and type of surgery.
