Tehran University Medical Journal

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A 16 year old woman with Tangier disease in palatine tonsils is reported. She has recurrent sore throat. In physical examination the palatine tonsils are hypertrophied and has very yellowish points. The facial skin is yellowish but the skin of another areas of body is normal. After tonsillectomy the pathologist report Tangier disease in palatine tonsils

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In this study we have selected in a simple random sampling, 391 diabetic women, among diabetic patients, who were attending to center of diabetes control in Yazd city in 1993. The patients were investigated in view of: Average of (age of marriage, number of marriage, age of the first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, the last fasting blood sugar), frequency and average of (early labours, alive borns, reminder alive borns, anomalous borns, history of abortions), and frequency of (diabetes in previous and next offspring, 15-49 years old women, the most common method of pregnancy prevention), and consideration of pregnant women situation. There were among under investigation patients, individuals who had more than 5 marriages, 25 pregnancies, 15 alive children, ten >4 Kgr born newborns, history of 14 times of abortions, and even 11 anormalous infants. The disease in every generation was common in females, and average of the last fasting blood suger in patients with >6 pregnancies was significantly more than patients with <6 pregnancies (P=0.0004). Finally, our principal purposes in this study were: Correct screening of pregnant women in view of diabetes mellitus, urgent follow up of the patients specially present patients, and more emphasis on specifc education about diabetes mellitus.

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Some factors such as: aging, obesity, hypoactivity, stress, urbanization, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, multiple pregnancies, smoking and so forth, are important factors that are always argued whether in disease production or in increasing morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. In a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, we looked for some important risk factors in 780 diabetic patients in Yazd city. The main objective in this study was to identifying the at risk cases. In this study, 54% of understudied patients were obese, 52.3% hypoactive, 80.7% urbanized, 21.5% smokers and approximately 11% were continiously or occasional alcohol users. 85% of all patients had no habit to sport, and the mean of their last fast blood sugar was significantly upper than those who had continiously physical exercises (P=0.01). Majority of understudied women (65.3%) had experienced 6 or more pregnancies during their life, and the last mean blood sugar in these patients was significantly upper than those with <6 pregnancies (P=0.0004). The age of majority of patients in either males or females was 50-70 years, and duration of disease in majority of them was <10 years. Increasing of the last mean blood sugar was significantly compatible with increasing of disease duration (P=0.00003). Regardless the type of diabetes, the disease in every generation was more frequent in female gender and totally, the mean of last fast blood sugar in the patients was 216 mg/dl which is not a controlled sugar. We have suggested the mean of last fast blood sugar in all of the referal cases as a performance indicator during evaluation of center of diabetic patients control

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The nervous system has an important and vital role in the human body, but unfortunately the repairment of damaged nervous tissue is very slowly. For a long time, the scientists have been involved in finding ways to speed up this process. Radiation of low power He-Ne laser has been suggested to as a way to improve this issue. In this study, 20 rats were divided randomly into control and case groups. The sciatic nerves of all these rats were damaged under general anesthesia and sterile conditions. The day of surgery was considered as the day zero. Rats of case group received every day laser radiation (?=65 mm). At 27th day rats were killed by ether and the sciatic nerve was studied histologically. Data was analysed and the difference was significant. In the case group the repairment was faster. We concluded that low power He-Ne laser radiation on crushed sciatic nerve of the rats has accelerated the nerve repairment process.

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Background and Aim: Anxiety is the most common psychological distress in cancer patients. Many studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and the predisposing factors of psychological morbidity in cancr patients. Patients knowledge of disease, their desire for more information, their satisfaction of given information and their attitudes’ towards communication of information about cancer are among issues that have not been well anddressed in assessment of psychological morbidity of cancer patients in Iran.

Materials and Methods: 250 cancer patients of 15-75 age group who were referred to Cancer Institute entered the study. The patients’ knowledge of disease, their desire for more information, their attitude and satisfaction were assessed by Questionnaire n1. patients’ anxiety and depression scores were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results: 30 of patients had severe anxiety symptoms and 17% suffered severe depression most patients’ knowledge of disease was “low” (32%) and “intermediate” (54%). There was no significant correlation between knowledge and anxiety and depression. Most patients (69%) believed that the information given by physicians had been “insufficient”. Depression score was significantly higher in this group of patients compared to other patients. Most patients (59%) had a high level of desire for gaining more information and 64% believed that physicians should inform patients of different aspects of disease as much as possible. There was no significant correlation between patients’ desire and attitude and anxiety and depression. Level of satisfaction was “low” in 29% of patients and “intermediate” in 39%. Depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher in patients who were less satisfied with given information.

Conclusion: Low level of knowledge in most cancer patients, their high desire for gaining more information, their dissatisfaction of given information and their positive attitudes towards full disclosure of information about cancer in this study, all indicate that complete and honest disclosure of information to cancer patients by physicians should be improved and encouraged. Although it seems that amount of information given doesn’t influence the psychological morbidity in cancer patients the patients’ satisfaction of given information, which has implications for the quality of patient-physician communication, plays a far more important role in occurance of psychological morbidity in cancer patients. Meanwhile, negative public opinion of cancer and its prognosis greatly influences the physicians functions and the quality of communication process, and also has negative effects on cancer patients’ psychological adjustment.

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Background: Hyaluronan has an important role on the permeability and motility of sperm and the interaction of gametes and these can play a considerable role on the fertility rate. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the effect of different doses of hyaluronan on the morphology, motility, vitality and fertility rate of mice.

Methods: We used 40 mice (6-8 week) in this study which twenty of them were male and the rest were female. The sperm of each male mouse were divided into four groups. The group 1 (control): They were maintained in RPMI media without any hyaluronan supplementation for 2 hour. Hyaluronan with the doses of 750, 1000 and 1250 µg/ml were added into RPMI media in groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. After 2 hour. incubation, the numbers of sperms were assessed, using haemocytometer. Also, their morphology with papanicolaeu staining and their vitality with Eosin B dye were assessed. As well as sperms motility measured under inverted microscope by observation and fertility rate evaluated after routine IVF by counting two-cell stage embryos.

Results: Our results demonstrated that, the dose of 750 µ g/ml has the greatest effect on the motility, vitality and fertility rate of sperms. The effect of dose of 1000 µ g/ml also was positive on them. On the other hand, none of these doses had any effect on sperm morphology.

Conclusion: Hyaluronan may have an influence on motility, vitality and fertility rate of sperms and the dose of 750µ g/ml had a significant effect on these factors.

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Background: Drug abuse has been known as a growing contributing factor to all types of trauma in the world. The goal of this article is to provide insight into demographic and substance use factors associated with trauma and to determine the prevalence of drug abuse in trauma patients.
Methods: Evidence of substance abuse was assessed in trauma patients presenting to Sina trauma hospital over a 3-month period. They were interviewed and provided urine samples to detect the presence of drug/metabolites of opium, morphine, cannabis and heroin by “Morphine Check” kits. Demographic data, mechanisms of injury, history of smoking and drug abuse were recorded.
Results: A total of 358 patients with a mean age of 28.4 years were studied. The Patients were predominantly male (94.7%). There was a history of smoking in 136 cases (38%). 58 cases (16.2%) reported to abuse drugs (91.5% opium). The commonest route of administration was smoke inhalation (37.2%). Screening by Morphine Check test revealed 95 samples to be positive (26.5%). The preponderance of test-positive cases was among young people (of 20-30 years of age) with a history of smoking. Victims of violence and those with penetrating injuries also showed a higher percentage of positive screens (P=0.038 and P<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: These results suggest that drug abuse is a contributing factor to trauma especially in violent injuries and among the young. Regarding the considerable prevalence of drug abuse among trauma patients, it’s highly recommended that all trauma patients be screened for illicit drugs

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Background: Anopheles superpictus is one of the main malaria vectors in Iran. The mosquitoes of this species are found throughout the Iranian plateau up to 2000 meters above sea level in the Alborz Mountains, south of the Zagros Mountains, and in the plains near the Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf. It has been reported that different geographical populations of An. superpictus play different roles in malaria transmission. Based on the presence or absence of a black spot/band on the apical segment of the female maxillary palpi, two morphological forms have been reported in this species. This work has been conducted to study other morphological features as well as the genetic structure of these two forms of An. superpictus in Iran.

Methods: The different morphological characteristics of 35 different populations were observed and recorded. An 887 bp portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified and assayed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using 18 enzymes and PCR-direct sequencing techniques.

Results: Among the morphological characteristics studied, there are significant differences between the two forms with regard to the length of the palp light band (p<0.01), wing length (p<0.5), and the distance from the branching point of the II/IV veins to the tip of the wing (p<0.05). Results also revealed that these two forms are sympatric in most localities of Iran. RFLP analysis and sequences of about 710 bp of the gene showed that there was great variation between and/or within the populations, but these variations were not associated with the morphological forms.

Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive study on the morphological and molecular characteristics of An. superpictus in the literature. To determine the role of these morphological forms or genetic haplotypes in malaria transmission, further molecular, cytological, morphological, and epidemiological studies are necessary.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into several types of mesenchymal cells, including osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, but can also differentiate into non-mesenchymal cells, such as neural cells, under appropriate experimental conditions. Until now, many protocols for inducing neuro-differentiation in MSCs in vitro have been reported. In this study, we induced differentiation into neural phenotype in the hMSCs population by new protocol. In this treatment, hMSCs could express neural markers more than other reports, associating with remarkable morphological modifications. 
Methods: The Bone marrow specimens were aspirated from the iliac crest of normal men. hMSCs were isolated and cultured in DMEM containing 15% FBS. Between 4-8 passages conversion of hMSCs into neurosphere-like structures and induction this cells to nerve precursors in the low-attachment plastic bacterial dishes with bFGF, EGF & RA were initiated. After seven days terminal neural differentiation was initiated by plating the cells on poly-L-ornithin and Laminin coated dishes. Cells were differentiated for 7-14 days. We used flowcytometry and immunocytochemistry analysis for assessment of specific neural stem cell markers in induced cells.
Results: Flowcytometery analysis showed that after induction, 90±2.52 percent of the cells will express neuronal marker Nestin and about 41±1 percent of the cells will express Tuj-1 and about 67±1.05 percent of the cells will express GFAP. Immunocytochemistry and morphologically modifications revealed the same results.
Conclusion: Results showed that hMSCs treatment with bFGF, EGF & RA the number of Tuj1 neurons. These data confirmed that hMSCs can exhibit neuronal differentiation potential in vitro, depending on the protocols of inducement.

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Background: Dopaminergic is the most important neurotransmitter is fear. The dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway has essential role in excitable behavior, and it's role in Parkinson disease. The aim of this research in study, the effect of dopaminergic pathway in fear response.
Methods: The elevated plus maze was used in combination with the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the maze (OAT%) and the percentage of entries into the open arms (OAE%) to measure fear. Increases in the OAT% and OAE% indicate an anxiolytic effect (reduction in anxiety), whereas decreases in the OAE% and OAT% indicate an anxiogenic effect. After five days, the rats were injected with saline and different doses of sulpiride and Bromocriptine.
Results: Results showed that intracerebroventricular administration of sulpiride, in the doses of 5, 20μg/rat and bromocriptine, D2 agonist in doses 65, 95μg/rat produced a significant effect comparing to sham groups (p<0.05). While intracerebroventricular administration of sulpiride 15, 10μg/rat, and bromocriptine 70, 80μg/rat, did not show any significant effect comparing with sham group (p<0.05). In the current research intracerebroventricular administration of sulpiride, D2 antagonist at the doses of 5, 10, 15, 20μg/rat and Bromocriptine, D2 agonist in the doses of 65, 70, 80, 95μg/rat were used and theire effect on the fear behavior were studied.
Conclusions: The possible effect of Dopaminergic system in the fear process, especially D2 receptor increase fear.

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Background: Alprazolam belongs to benzodiazepine family and is increasingly used these days by pregnant women. It should be noticed that alprazolam exposure during pregnancy may have teratogenic effects on the fetus. Till now, limited studies have been conducted on the teratogenic effect of alprazolam. In this study, teratogenicity of alprazolam intake during pregnancy and its effects on fetus development was investigated.
Methods: About 20 virgin rats of known age and weight were selected. After being pregnant, they were divided into four groups which contained five animals in each group: Negative and positive control groups. The case group exposed to 1 to 6 mg/kg/day alprazolam. The fetuses were first studied macroscopically regarding anomalies, and then histologically and histochemically to inspect the defects of tissue organogenesis.
Results: Our results show that there was significant difference especially at the dose 6 mg/kg weight and length of the cases compared to the control group. It appeared that at the dose of 6 mg/kg/day, cleft lip and palates were seen in the animals. The highest anomalies of limbs were also seen at the dose of 6 mg/kg/day. The statistical results indicate that alprazolam intake during the second half of pregnancy can lead to irreversible anomalies.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that alprazolam in doses higher than 4 mg/kg/day might cause teratogenic effect. It seems that benzodiazepine therapy among pregnant woman would be better to avoid during the first trimester and multidrug regimens.

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Background: Molecular DNA markers are one of the most important tools in molecular biology labs. The size of DNA molecules is determined by comparing them with known bands of markers during gel electrophoresis. There are many different protocols to produce these kinds of molecular markers. In this study we have suggested an efficient strategy to produce molecular weight markers in industrial proportions. Methods: To achieve the desired sizes of DNA fragments, a combination of two previously known methods, restriction enzyme digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were used. The enzymatic digestion process was based on designing and constructing plasmids which equaled in size with the desired length of DNA fragments and produced the desired DNA fragment upon linearization. In the PCR method, the desired length of DNA fragments were cloned in multiple cloning sites of pTZ57R plasmid and in a PCR reaction, the new constructed plasmid was used as a template to produce the final fragment. Results: Upon application of this strategy, 2000 and 3000 bp DNA fragments were produced by enzymatic digestion of plasmids of the same size. Moreover, 100 to 1500 bp fragments were produced during PCR using only a set of forward and reverse primers at the flanking region of pTZ57R multiple cloning site. Conclusion: The highest advantage of this cost-benefit approach is to produce different types of molecular weight markers by using an effective and short protocol

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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorders and depression have a high prevalence during pregnancy therefore, pregnant women may take clomipramine and also take other drugs or consume foods that contain caffeine. As investigations about the teratogenic effects of clomipramine and its concurrent administration with caffeine during organogenesis period are scarce, we aimed to study the teratogenicity of simultaneous administration of clomipramine and caffeine in rat fetus.
Methods: After dividing 42 pregnant rats to several case and control groups, we injected different doses of caffeine and clomipramine to the animals. All the injections were performed on the eighth until the 15th day of pregnancy. We removed the fetuses on the 17th day of pregnancy and studied the morphological features and apparent anomalies of the fetuses macroscopically.
Results: We found a significant rate of mortality, apparent anomalies, abnormal torsion, shrinkage of skin and subcutaneous bleeding in fetuses of rats receiving high doses of caffeine or a combination of caffeine and clomipramine. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant increase (P?0.001) in teratogenicity of high doses of caffeine and its combination with clomipramine.
Conclusion: This study implies simultaneous intake of high amounts of caffeine and clomipramine lead to teratogenicity. We recommend pregnant women to avoid uncontrolled consumption of foods that contain caffeine or drugs that contain high amounts of this substance. They should not also take clomipramine with caffeine in the first trimester of pregnancy.

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Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in different body organs in mammals and numerous physiological and pathological properties are attributed to this small molecule. The precursor of this substance in the body, L-arginine, is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and it is catalyzed, and is inhibited by a substance called L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In this study we investigated the qualitative and quantitative effects of nitric oxide on cerebellar histopathology in vivo environment via increasing and decreasing its production.
Methods: Forty Wister rats, weighing 200- 250 gr with a mean age of 8 weeks, were divided into 5 groups after making sure the rats were pregnant. Except the control group, the other pregnant groups, respectively received: 2 ml/kg normal saline, 200 mg/kg L-arginine, 20 mg/kg L-NAME and a mixture of the same doses of L-arginine and L-NAME on the third, fourth and fifth days of pregnancy. On day 18 of pregnancy, we anesthetized the rats, excised the cerebellum after craniotomy and fixed the organs in 10% formalin. We later prepared 5 to 6-micron in thickness tissue sections and dyed them by the routine Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's Trichrom staining methods before studying them by light microscopy.
Results: There was a significant difference between the rats receiving L-arginine and the rats in other groups (P<0.01).
Conclusion: This study showed that L-NAME is capable of significantly decreasing the injury caused by nitric oxides in rat cerebellum.

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Background: Achillea millefolium or yarrow is a native plant in Europe and Iran. Yarrow has been used as a medicine historically, mainly because of its astringent effects. It is reported to be associated with the treatment of several ailments. Nowadays use of plants for medical purpose has become very common. Achillea millefolium L, Yarrow, is being used in traditional and modern medicine due to various chemical compounds. Considering the importance of birth control, finding a drug with less side effects inhibiting spermatogenesis seems to be necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Achillea millefolium L. on spermato-genesis of male wistar rats.
Methods: In this study, 32 adult male wistar rats were used. The animals were divided to four groups of eight rats. The first group, received 200 mg/kg Achillea millefolium L. interaperitoneally, the second and third groups received 400, 800 mg/kg Achillea millefolium L. interaperitoneally, respectively. In the fourth group (control) distilled water was administered. After 20 days, the rats were sacrificed and testis tissues were histologically evaluated.
Results: Comparing to control group, in the experimental groups received the high doses of the extract, thickening of seminiferous tubules basement membrane, loss of germinal epithelium and testicular hyperemia were demonstrated (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results, high concentrations of Achillea millefolium L. leaded to structural and spermatogenesis changes in testis tissue.

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Background: The etiologic role of Malassezia furfur in onychomycosis, because of its controversial keratinolytic ability, has not been proven. The most reported cases are distal subungual onychomycosis (DSO). In our knowledge no cases of proximal onychomycosis (PO) has been reported. For the first time we report proximal onychomycosis. This case report describes the isolation of Malassezia furfur from fingernails.
Case presentation: An Iranian 56- year- old women had been referred to mycology lab with hyperkeratosis in proximal regions of right hand nails and clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis without paronychia in May 2012. She used several medicines for her cardiac disease, mental illness, severe stress and blood glucose fluctuation diseases. Scraping and sampling from nail lesions were done, budding yeast cells with broadband connections were observed in 15% KOH wet mounts. Also, other differentiation tests, consist of staining with methylen blue, cultures and biochemical tests were done. In order to rejecting the probable etiologic role of any dermatophytic or non-dermatophytic fungi in this case, samples were collected from other parts of the body by scotch tape and scraping with scalpel blade too, but the results of direct microscopy and culture were negative. Finally, Malassezia furfur was identified as the causative agent of onychomycosis.
Conclusion: Despite failure to prove Malassezia furfur keratinolytic ability, it can be the etiologic agent of proximal onychomycosis that shows the aggressive properties of this species. Its clinical importance is the easier transmission to hospitalized patients and other people.

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Background: Malassezia Species are often commensal of the human skin and scalp that opportunistically in exist of particular predisposing factors, their proliferation increases as, in dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis which both togather affect more than 50% of humans, the excess proliferation of yeast in scalp, leads to scalp-flaking and causes physical and mental disorder in peaple, spacially in youth that their health and hiar hygiene and beauty is more important for them. Thus, this survey has been done for rapid, easy and inexpensive method to diagnosis of abnormal proliferation and invasive condition of Malassezia yeast and can be more benefical for proper treatment.
Methods: Sampling with scalpel scraping from scalp of volunteer persons that had not bathed at least two day ago were done and preparation of direct microscopic slides and staining with methylene blue were accomplished. Then, survey of morpholgic characte-ristics, yeast quantification and mycelium detection were done by direct microscopic examination.
Results: From 140 scalp samples of adult persons of both gender (male and female) with different age groups, observation of malassezia yeast in 93.5% (131) were positive and 6.5% (9) were negative in direct microscopic examination. Results of yeast quanti-fication in positive cases were: mild or normal flora 25.2%, intermediate 24.5%, severe 50.3%. Detection of mycelium in positive cases were 22.9% (30) (P=0.007 df=2).
Conclusion: Application of an accessible, easy and inexpensive method and a determi-nated pattern (yeast quantification with direct microscopic examination) to distinguish normal flora from abnormal condition (excess proliferation and mycelium production) in cases of Malassezia yeasts can be more useful to rapid diagnosis of abnormal pro-liferation and invasive condition in order to initiate a proper antifungal treatment.

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Background: Considering nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in many biologic processes of cells and tissues such as in the digestive system and in this system act as a second messenger in pathological and physiological events in gastrointestinal region, in this study we investigated the effects of L-NG-Nitro arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) as the NO formation inhibitor on parietal cells of stomach in pregnant rats. Methods: Twenty four female rats were prepared and with eight weeks old and 200-250 g weight were used in this study. After matting of the female rats with the male rats, time of observing vaginal plaque considered as the zero day of pregnancy. Then the animals were divided into three groups of studying. Each group was containing eight rats. In this study, except the control group, the saline group received 2 ml/kg normal saline and experimental group received 20 ml/kg L-NAME interaperitoneally (IP), respectively on third, fourth, and fifth days of pregnancy for evaluation of its effects. On the 18th day of pregnancy, after anesthesia with ether, the animals were killed and dissected and the laparotomy was performed to separate the mother’s stomach. Then, the stomach was fixed in 10% formalin and after tissue passage, the sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E). Then the changes of count and diameter in parietal cells were observed via light microscopy and Image Tools III. Results: Results of this study after analysis showed the significant changes in parietal cells count (mean 61.3±4.32) and its diameters (mean 16.12±1.18 µm) in L-NAME group in comparison to control and the sham groups in pregnant rats (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed L-NAME with effects on NO synthesis can reduce the count of parietal cells and increase its diameter in pregnant rats and has destructive effects on structure of stomach parietal cells in pregnancy rats.

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii, is a mandatory intracellular protozoa, that many people worldwide are infected with. In children, the infection enters central nervous system and leads to inflammation of the gray matter. Autism, is a complex develop-mental disorder, altering social communication, with unknown origin. Neuropathologi-cal changes in autism are the same as those occurred in brain toxoplasmosis. The objective of this survey was to evaluate positive serology of toxoplasma gondii, in autistic children. Methods: This case-control study was done on 3-12 years old children, referring to the neurology and psychiatry sub-special clinics of Baqiyatallah hospital and also autistic children of Omid-e Asr and Navid-e Asr general rehabilitation centers in Tehran, Iran. The study performed at 2012-2013. Forty autistic children were placed in the case group and 40 children, suffering from no neuropsychiatric disease or other ones, were placed in the control group. A folder, containing demographic data, type of the disor-der, onset of diagnosis and child characteristics at birth, such as time of birth (preterm/ term) fulfilled for each child. Sampling was done with 5 ml blood, for determining IgM and IgG antibody levels against toxoplasma gondii, using ELISA method. Data ana-lyzed by the software SPSS ver. 17 and descriptive and analytic analysis were done, us-ing central and dispersion indexes and also chi-Square test. Results: The autistic group contained 34 boys and 6 girls (85 and 15 percent respectively), with the average age of 6 (±2.71) years old [minimum of 2.33 and maximum of 12]. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 4.01 (±1.87) years old. 87. The non-autistic group contained 17 boys and 23 girls (42.5 and 57.5 percent respectively), with the average age of 5.67 (±3.09) years old [minimum of two and maximum of 12]. IgM and IgG serology of all autistic children were negative, while in non-autistic group, 2.5 percent (1 child) were positive and 97.5 percent (39 ones) were negative. There were no statistically significant difference among these two groups according to the serology results. (P=0.31). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in comparing positive se-rology of toxoplasmosis, between the two groups. However, to obtain a perfect result, a larger sample size are required.