Showing 171 results for MR
Aminian Omid, Pouryaghoub Gholamreza, Shanbeh Mohammad,
Volume 70, Issue 3 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common reported occupational health problem which cause high financial burden and reduce efficiency of workers. MSDs are often multifactorial. This study was done to determine the frequency of MSDs and their relation to occupational stress among office workers.
Methods: 332 office workers were recruited in descriptive-analytical study. To assess the frequency of MSDs, we used Nordic questionnaires and to assess the occupational stress, we used the general Nordic questionnaire for psychological and social factors at work (QPS Nordic+34 questionnaire). The collected data were processed and analyzed.
Results: Our study showed that the frequency of MSDs among office workers was higher than the general population and the stress index was higher (P=0.002) among the office workers with MSDs than employees without it.
Conclusion: This study showed that occupational stress was a risk factor for MSDs, especially in the upper extremities.
Noyan Ashraf Ma, Hoseini Mr, Bannazadeh M,
Volume 70, Issue 8 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Lung separation is the basis of thoracic anesthesia, which is performed by different instruments. Checking probable malpositioning of tracheal tube needs fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare respirator suggested compliance with fiberoptic findings in detecting major tracheal tube malpositioning.
Methods: A total of 256 patients undergoing thoracic surgery with double-lumen tracheal tube insertion in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during 2010-11 were divided into three groups (n=86). We used left-sided double-lumen tube (DLT) for left or right-sided surgeries (groups 1 and 2), and right-sided DLT for left-sided surgeries (group 3). The position of the tubes was evaluated and compared using bag compliance versus fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 44.7±13.4 (16-73) years, while 155 (59.9%) were male. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the accuracy of bag compliance test for left-sided DLT in supine position were 40% (95% CI: 20-60%), 99% (95% CI: 96-99%), 84% (95% CI: 54-94%) 92% (95% CI: 88-95%) and 92% (95% CI: 87-95%), respectively. The above-mentioned variables for lateral decubitus position respectively were 27%, 98%, 76%, 89%, and 88%. Malpositioning was more prevalent in right-sided DLTs (P=0.02).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, and the high specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of bag compliance test, its use is encouraged as an alternative to fiberoptic bronchoscopy for checking DLT position, specially, in emergent surgeries or when fiberoptic bronchoscopy is unreachable due to lack of expertise or personnel.
Yousefi M, Pourmand Mr, Shahverdi Ar, Amini M, Amin Harati F,
Volume 70, Issue 9 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen responsible for skin and soft tissue infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is a major cause of both nosocomial and community acquired infections. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus is of global concern. Fluoroquinolone antimicrobials including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin are used to treat skin and soft tissue infections due to S. aureus. Emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance has increased in community acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin and hexahydroquino-line derivatives against methicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus.
Methods: Identification of S. aureus was performed by routine microbiological tests in the Department of Pathobiology in Winter 2012. The susceptibility of S. aureus strains to both methicillin and ciprofloxacin was examined by the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin, hexahydroquinoline derivatives and their combination were separately determined by broth microdilution method against methicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus.
Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin decreased in the presence of hexahydroquinolinein derivatives in comparison with ciprofloxacin alone.
Conclusion: This study showed that hexahydroquinoline derivatives enhance the antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin against methicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus. Therefore, these derivatives could be used as inhibitors of antibiotic resistance in combination therapies. This enhancement may be related to the inhibitory effect of hexahydroquinoline derivatives on the expression of antibiotic efflux pump in the bacteria. However, the structural features of a fluoroquinolone that determine whether it is affected by efflux transporters are not fully defined.
Shahriar Kamrani R, Shafiei Sh, Oriadi Zanjani L,
Volume 70, Issue 9 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Scaphoid non::::union:::: remains a challenging problem for hand surgeons. In this study, we assessed the functional outcome of scaphoid non::::union:::: treatment and the influence of a number of variables on it.
Methods: In this study we recruited 24 patients with scaphiod non::::union:::: by consecutive sampling at Dr. Ali Shariati Teaching Hospital, in Tehran, Iran in 2008-2011. We examined the patients by antero-posterior (AP) and lateral view radiographies and wrist MRIs. Functional outcome of surgery was scaled according to Mayo wrist and Quick DASH scoring systems.
Results: Among 10 cases with osteonecrosis, there were 7 (70%) cases of radiological ::::union::::. In 13 (92%) out of 14 cases who had no signs of osteonecrosis, we radiologically confirmed scaphoid ::::union:::: after the treatment. The total ::::union:::: rate was estimated to be 83% at the end of 24 months follow up (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that patients with scaphoid non::::union:::: have improved function after surgical treatment.
Moradkhani S, Mahdi Mm, Daneshvar H, Bazargan Harandi N, Baneshi Mr,
Volume 70, Issue 10 (4 2013)
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic, highly pruritic and inflammatory skin diseases. The exclusive influence of breastfeeding in the prevention of inflammatory diseases is a matter of debate. In this study, we aimed to determine the concentration of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines as anti Th2 or anti Th1 cytokines in breast milk and their relationship with atopic dermatitis in breastfed infants.
Methods: This study carried out in Afzalipour Hospital of kerman during one year from 2010 to 2011, we selected 50 breastfed infants with AD as cases and 50 healthy infants without AD or any other allergic disease as the controls. The concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA in the mothers' milk. The demographic characteristics were recorded in a data collection form. Moreover, severity of the disease was determined by SCORAD index. T-test and logistic regression were used for assessment of the correlation among study variables.
Results: The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-13 were significantly higher (respectively, P=0.04, and P=0.02) in the case group. However, logistic regression revealed that only IFN-γ significantly increased the risk for atopic dermatitis (P=0.02). Concentration of TNF-α was similar in the milk from mothers belonging to the two groups.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-4 cytokines are higher in the milk of mothers whose infants have AD. However, the risk for atopic dermatitis increases by 49% by every ten-unit (in pg/mL) increase in the level of IFN-γ.
Noori Daloii Mr, Fazilaty H, Tabrizi M,
Volume 70, Issue 11 (3 2013)
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main reasons of mortality worldwide, and more than 90 percent of cancer deaths are due to metastasis. Although primary tumors are curable using chemical adjuvant therapy or surgery, metastatic tumors are mostly incurable. This resistance shows the high rate of mortality among patients with metastatic disease. Being a sequential event, metastasis is a subtle and intricate process in which tumor cells undergo a plenty of changes and acquire the capacity of migration, invasion, survival and self-renewal which all are necessary for metastasis to happen. The key point in recognition and cure in invasive cancers is to identify critical genes, proteins and pathways involved, and show their relation with each other and the disease. Forming metastasis needs favorable genetic and microenvironmental elements of tumor cells and distant tissue, respectively. Unfavorable conditions in each steps of this process lead to arresting metastasis and subsequent dormancy, which is the most important phenomenon in relapse. In this review, benefiting from tens of reliable and recently identified data and personal experiences, it has been tried to draw new patterns associated with metastasis for further investigation. Determining genes, proteins and microenvironmental factors that affect metastasis, in a sequential manner, can help better understanding of this lethal process and subsequently a prosperous treatment.
Farhadi M, Tabatabaei A, Shekarabi M, Noorbakhsh S, Shokrollahi Mr, Javadi Nia Sh, Faramarzi M,
Volume 71, Issue 1 (4 2013)
Abstract
Background: Tonsils and adenoid hypertrophy is a major respiratory symptom in children which is partly due to recruitment of inflammatory cells in upper airway lymph nodes as a result of the effects of synthesis and release of different inflammatory cytokines. It seems that infections play role in concert with these cytokines leading to tonsilar hypertrophy and other pathologic consequences. It is proposed that cellular infiltrate of tonsils and adenoids may secrete different quantities of these cytokines compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures.
Methods: Among patients who were admitted for adenotonsillectomy to the ENT ward, 37 patients, under 1-12 years old patients with fulfill criteria selected to include the study. Excised adenoid and tonsils cultured and inflammatory cytokines Interferon-γ (INF-γ), Interlukine-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) measured in cellular culture supernatant. The same cytokines measured in PBMC cultures.
Results: The data shows that there is a significant difference between IFN-γ and IL-8 amounts in adenoid tissue culture supernatant and PBMC culture of our patients. Furth-ermore, the amounts of IFN-γ, IL-1 and IL-8 showed considerable difference between tonsilar tissue culture supernatant and PBMC culture of these patients. Although there is a significant correlation between IL-6 amounts in tissue culture supernatant and PBMC culture (P=0.02), the respective data for TNF is only almost significant.
Conclusion: Inflammatory cytokines may have significant role in the early provoke of inflammation occurred in hypertrophied tonsils and adenoid. The majority of these cyt-okines increase the expression of adhesion molecules on epithelial cells and influence the recruitment of leucocytes and inflamed tonsils. On the other hand lack of sufficient cytokine release may lead to persistent infections and may cause chronic inflammation and hypertrophied tissue.
B Ghorbani Yekta, M Nasehi, Sh Khakpour, Mr Zarrindast, Y Shafieekhan,
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5 2013)
Abstract
Background: Previous reports showed that nucleus accumbens involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of major depression, anxiety and addiction. It is not clear that how these mechanisms occur in the brain. In the present study, the influence of direct nicotine injection in the nucleus accumbens in rats’ anxiety-related behavior was investigated.
Methods: Wistar rats were used in this study. Male Wistar rats bred in an animal house, in a temperature-controlled (22±2 ◦C) room with a 12 hour light/darkcycle. Rats were anesthetized using intraperitoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, then placed in an stereotactic instrument for microinjection cannula implantation The stainless steel guide cannula was implanted bilaterally in the right and left dorsal the nucleus accumbens shell according to Paxinos and Watson atlas. After recovery, anxiety behavior and locomotor activity were tested. We used the elevated plus maze to test anxiety. This apparatus has widely been employed to test parameters of anxiety-related behaviors including the open armtime percentage (%OAT), open arm entries percentage (%OAE), locomotor activity and we record effect of drugs after injection directly in the nucleus accumbens on anxiety-related behavior.
Results: Experiments showed that bilateral injections into the nucleus accumbens Nicotine, acetylcholine receptor agonist, dose 0.1 of the dose (0.05 and 0.1, 0.25, 0.5) microgram per rat caused a significant increase in the percentage of time spent in the open arms (%OAT), compared to the control group. We did not record any significant change locomotor activity and open arm entries percentage (%OAE) in rats.
Conclusion: Nicotinic receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell involved to anxiety-like behavior in male rats.
Mr Pourmand, M Keshtvarz, Mm Soltan Dallal , M Talebi, R Bakhtiari, Gh Pourmand,
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5 2013)
Abstract
Background: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice in patients with end-stage renal disease. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common complications after renal transplantation and it has serious consequences. The aim of this study was assessing UTIs in renal transplanted patients and evaluation of risk factors associated with post-transplant UTI.
Methods: In this prospective study, 173 patients (48 hospitalized patients and 125 outpatients) were enrolled in this study. These renal transplant recipients evaluated for bacterial urinary tract infection in urology research center at Sina Hospital. After collecting urine samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, urinalysis and colony count were performed. Identification of bacteria was performed by routine microbiological tests in the Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran, in 2011.
Results: UTI was observed in 47 patients and the most prevalent microorganism was Escherichia coli (E.coli) 18(38.2%). Nearly 71% of UTI cases were diagnosed during the first three months post transplantation. Risk factors for post transplant UTI were female gender, age, length of hospitalization and diabetes mellitus. Female patients were more susceptible than males (OR=0.50 and P=0.047) to infection. There were no significant difference between diabetes mellitus and UTI. Most of the isolated bacteria were susceptible to imipenem and resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole.
Conclusion: Our study confirmed that bacterial infections remain as the most common infectious complication in the early post-transplant period, and antibiogram rather than empirical treatment is needed to find the best effective antibiotics. Moreover, risk factors such as female gender, increased age and length of hospitalization are predisposing factors to increased urinary tract infection in renal transplantation.
Reza Yarani , Kamran Mansouri , Ali Bidmeshkipour , Maryam Mehrabi , Ali Ebrahimi , Kaikaoos Gholami , Kheirollah Yari , Ali Mostafaie ,
Volume 71, Issue 3 (June 2013)
Abstract
Background: Primary culture takes place following the cell isolation from tissues. Isolation and culture of melanocytes based on their roll in the protection of body against hazardous sun rays, production of skin, cornea and hair color is really important. This study was done to set isolation, culture and proliferation of melanocytes from children foreskin and adult eyelashes, and also comparison of two types of melanocyte culture medium.
Methods: Human foreskin and eyelash samples were used for melanocyte isolation and culture. After isolation of epidermis from dermis, epidermis cell suspensions were prepared by enzymatic digestion. The isolated cells were cultured in two melanocyte selective culture media. Immunocytochemistary and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used for confirmation of isolated and cultured melanocytes.
Results: Our results indicated that isolated melanocyte cultured in the selective medium without phorbol esters is better than the melanocytes cultured in selective medium cont-aining phorbol esters not only morphologically but also physiologically and from the aspect of cell adhesion. In addition, the results showed that isolated melanocyte from adult eyelashes are more dendritic than melanocytes isolated from children foreskin. Conversely, our results indicated that the number of cell passages in melanocyte isolat-ed from foreskin is more than melanocytes isolated from adult eyelashes.
Conclusion: Melanocytes cultured in selective medium containing convenient growth factors in absence of phorbol esters show more native physiological and adhesive properties. In addition, melanocyte isolated from younger tissues such as foreskin have better proliferative and sub-culturing properties so we suggest isolation and culture of younger tissues.
Kamran Rakhshan , Javad Nasrolahzadeh , Mohammadhossein Noori Mougahi, Shabnam Babazadeh , Hamid Reza Sadeghipour Roodsari,
Volume 71, Issue 5 (August 2013)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of death in women. One of the various gene expression involved in breast cancer is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) gene expression increases. Factors of dietary affect on regulation of hormone secretion and the rate of breast cancer. One of these factors is amount and type of fats in diet. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and Docosah-exaenoic acid (DHA) are members of poly unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, effects of dietary GLA and DHA alone or together with paclitaxel on treatment of mice mammary carcinoma has been evaluated.
Methods: Thirty female balb/c mice were divided in six groups randomly. Carcinoma-tous mass induced by tumor implantation method. Spontaneous breast adenocarcinoma of mice were used as tumor stock. The tumors of these mice were removed aseptically, dissected into 0.5 cm3 pieces. These pieces were transplanted subcutaneously into their right flank. GLA and DHA added to the mice diet two week prior to tumor implanta-tion. At the end of intervention, tumors were removed and HER2 gene expression was measured. The weight of animal and tumor volume measured weekly.
Results: It was not significant change in the weight of animals that consumed DHA and DHA with taxol. Tumor volume in those groups that received corn oil with taxol (P<0.01), DHA (P<0.05) and DHA with taxol (P<0.001) showed significant decrease in comparison with control group. HER2 gene expression in DHA with taxol decreased significantly in comparison with control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Consumption of DHA oil with taxol causes decrease the volume of carcin-oma mass. The future studies with large number of sample is needed to support this finding.
Kamran Asadi , Amin Adhami , Sayed Jaber Mousavi , Abolhasan Emami , Farhad Hafezi ,
Volume 71, Issue 5 (August 2013)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to minimize edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty through a closed drainage system to address concealed hemorrhage.
Methods: This study was designed as a prospective، double blinded, randomized contr-olled study. Fifty one patients who underwent septorhinoplasty were included in this study and divided in two groups. In group A, a closed drainage system was applied in the most dependent posterior septal area following septal harvesting. Concealed bloody secretions were drained out of mouth in a vacutaner tube during three concecutive post operative days. In control group, group B, exactly the same classic rhinoplasty opera-tion by the same surgeon was done as for study group except omitting the closed drainage system. Degree of supra-tip and eyelid edema was evaluated on post operative days through photographic and software image analysis. Edema and ecchymosis rating of eyelids and ecchymosis of paranasal and cheek area done based on photographic analysis by independent plastic surgeons using a defined grading system.
Results: Eyelid ecchymosis was reduced significantly on post operative day 14 in the study group (P=0.03). Ecchymosis of paranasal and check was reduced considerably likewise on days 7 and 14 in group A using Mann-Whitney test (P=0.03). There was no significant deference regarding supra tip edema on post operative days. The same hold true for the eyelids edema.
Conclusion: Significant decrement observed in eyelids ecchymosis on day 14 and para-nasal and cheek ecchymosis on postoperative days 7 and 14 in study group. There were no positive effects regarding supra tip and eyelid edema reduction using closed drainage system to evacuate concealed haemorrhage in posterior septum space. There could be different etio-pathologies for two common morbidities following rhinoplasty that should be addressed separately.
Kamran Aghakhani , Saeed Mohammadi , Amir Molanaei, Azadeh Memarian , Maryam Ameri ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (October 2013)
Abstract
Background: Damages caused by scald burns are common and can cause severe complications and death. The purpose of this study was to define risk groups and then methods of prevention and treatment is designed to fit.
Methods: Data for this retrospective study of hospitalized patients in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran from 2007-2011 were compiled. Data including age, sex, cause of burn, and degree of burn and ultimate fate of the victims were collected from scald burns. Burns caused by boiling water and hot food (Scald) , in two age groups : 12 and under 12 years ( children) and more than 12 years ( adults) were compared in terms of statistics .
Results: A total of 1150 patients consisting of males (57.9%) and females (42.1%) were studied. The most common age was 1 year old and 50% of patients were under 3 years of age. 87.9% burned with boiling water and 12.1% had experienced burns with hot food. Incentive to burn was 0.3% cross burning and 99.7% incident. A maximum number of burns in children 12 years and younger males (42.1%) and a minimum number in men over 12 years (15.7%) were observed. Mean percentage of burns was 11% in over 12 years group and 30.9% in 12 and under 12 years group. The average hospital stay was 11.4 days and the mortality rate was 4.8%. The final status of the patients was as fallows: full recovery 904 cases (78.6%), partial recovery 134 (11.7%), clearance with personal consent 41 (3.6%), death 55 (4.8%) and 16 cases (3.1%) were among other reasons.
Conclusion: In general it can be said, scald burns incidence in individuals aged 12 and younger were more than the older ones and the mean of burns was lower in individuals with over 12 years old. There was a sexual preference for males under 12 years. Mortality rate in the two groups has not any statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant association between sex and mortality rate. Some of our findings are depending on cultural, social and economic conditions, so generalized this findings to other geographical areas should be done with caution.
Mohammad Najafimosleh , Sedighe Rashnotaie , Ehsanollah Ghaznavi Rad, Hamid Abtahi , Gholamreza Taleie ,
Volume 71, Issue 8 (November 2013)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was compared the efficacy of the designed primers and already published primers for detection of the exoA, oprL and algD genes by PCR assay for finding a rapid, accurate and highly sensitive and specific procedure to detect the Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the serious and fatal infections such as cystic fibrosis disease, burned individual.
Methods: A total of 150 clinical specimens were inoculated in to routine and selective culture media for Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation. Specific primers were designed by bioinformatics analysis for detection of the virulence genes exoA, oprL and algD. The available sequences of these three genes were obtained from NCBI and multiple alignments were performed to find the conserved sequences of each gene for primer designing. Both multiple alignment and primer designing steps were carried out by AlleleID software, version 7.0.
Results: Microbiological culture methods were showed that 70 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from the 150 clinical specimens. PCR assay performed by using the designed primers shown 68, 70 and 69 positive results from 70 direct specimens for exoA, oprL and algD respectively that shown 97.2%, 100% and 98.6% sensitivity for above genes. PCR assay performed by using the already published primers shown 57, 49 and 28 positive results for above genes respectively that shown 81.5%, 70% and 40% sensitivity.
Conclusion: The present study shows that by using the high specific primers for detection of the mentioned genes of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The conventional PCR assay detected the early colonization of the organism in Cystic Fibrosis patients with more sensitivity and specificity before several mounts to obtain positive culture. Indeed PCR assay with high specific primers has more sensitivity and specificity as a rapid and accurate diagnosis of the organism in other deadly infections by using the direct clinical specimens.
Seyed Homayoon Sadraie , Fatemeh Rezaei , Mahnaz Azarnia , Gholamreza Kaka , Soheila Jahani , Zahra Shabani ,
Volume 71, Issue 9 (December 2013)
Abstract
Background: Aspirin is the drug of the century, and is a multifunctional drug and one of the most prescribed drugs in the world. Aspirin is a safe drug at low doses but also it has life-threatening side effects when administered at high doses. This study investi-gates the effects of aspirin on renal cortical and medullary tissue in rat embryos.
Methods: In this study, 30 pregnant female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Control group with no intervention, sham group received 2 ml distilled water (as a sol-vent of aspirin) received from days 8 to 20 of pregnancy, and four experimental groups received different doses of 75, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of aspirin by gavage. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on the twenty days of pregnancy and the fetuses were removed. Weight of the fetuses and placenta and Crown-Rump length were measured. Fetal kid-neys were fixed in formalin processed, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin- Eosin. Thickness of renal cortical and medullary tissue by using a Motic hardware and soft-ware system were measured and recorded. A significance level of 0.05 was predeter-mined for all statistical analyses.
Results: No apparent fetal anomalies were observed in experimental groups. In addi-tion, no significant differences were shown in the mean of fetal weight, placental weight, mean of Crown-Rump length in experimental groups 75, 200 and 300 mg/kg compared to control and sham groups. Mean fetal and placental weight in experimental group 100 significantly increased compared to control and sham groups. Mean ratio of renal cortex to renal medulla in experimental group 75, 100 and 300 were significantly decreased compared to control and sham groups (respectively P= 0.03, P= 0.013, P= 0.03).
Conclusion: It seems that maternal use of aspirin during pregnancy can not cause fetal abnormalities. However, it can cause some changes in renal cortical and medullary tis-sue of rat embryos.
Gholamreza Rezamand , Mojdeh Ghabaee , Naser Ebrahimi Daryani , Hoda Ghadami ,
Volume 72, Issue 1 (April 2014)
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most wide-spread human diseases that can impair liver function and sometimes progresses to cir-rhosis. Recently NAFLD has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardio-vascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of fatty liver disease and its sonographic severity on the resistance of the intracranial arteries.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of 55 patients referred from Gastroen-trology clinic with diagnosis of NAFLD to Sonodoppler department of Iranian Center of Neurological Research. Pulsaltile index as a Hemodynamic parameter of Middle Cerebral (MCA) and basilar Arteries of NAFLD Patients was measured by Trans Cra-nial Doppler (TCD) sonography and the measurements were compared with normal values. Also the association of these indices with serum liver enzymes and sonographic grading of liver involvement was assessed. The analysis was done by SPSS 16. Fre-quency distribution, mean and standard deviation were used in descriptive analysis and statistical test 2 to compare qualitative variables.
Results: Pulsatile Index (PI) were normal (MCA, P= 0.166, Basilar, P= 0.053) and there was no significant difference with relation to severity of fatty liver based on so-nography findings (P= 0.789), but serum liver enzyme levels were inversely correlated with basilar artery PI (P= 0.014).
Conclusion: Considering the increase of cerebral arteries PI in advanced liver disease, absence of increase in vascular PI of patients in the present study could be attributed to the short duration of disease from diagnosis to perform TCD, lack of advanced liver involvement (absence of liver dysfunction) and the response effect to treatment before the TCD. Therefore, to assess vascular changes over time, repeating the TCD with assess other parameters such as Fibroscan and K18 factor that has more compatibility of liver function, could help to understand the pathophysiology of liver diseases and its effect on vascular resistance.
Gholamreza Pouryaghoub , Ramin Mehrdad , Soussan Salehpour , Mehran Shahryari ,
Volume 72, Issue 2 (May 2014)
Abstract
Background: Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran. Approximately 5-10% of all human cancers are thought to be caused by occupational exposure to carcinogens. Dif-fuse mesotheliomas of the peritoneum and pleura are considered "signal tumors," or pa-thognomonic of exposure to asbestos. There is also evidence that nonasbestos agents can induce malignant mesotheliomas. So, we need to study the history of exposure to asbestos in patients suffering from mesothelima to determine relationship between them in Iran, especially in occupational settings.
Methods: We received the data of 272 mesothelioma's patients having been registered in 1385 to 1389 in Cancer Bureau, in Ministry of Health. One hundred fifty four of them had telephone number. Finally we could interview with 60 families and gathered data of patient's history of occupation, cigarette smoking and residence place interred in the designed questionnaire. Then we brought out the variants of age, sex, the province of birth place and the involved organs from the data of Cancer Bureau. Analysis of frequency of variants was carried out and compared once in 272 patients being registered in Cancer Bureau and then in the interviewed 60 patients.
Results: Distribution of age, sex, the province of birth and living place and the involved organ were similar in cancer registry's data and the interviewed patients. Distribution of cigarette smoking and exposure to asbestos in the interviewed patients were 28% and 63% respectively. Occupational distribution of interviewed patients consisted of con-struction workers 20%, oil company employees 13.3%, administrative staff 8.3% and drivers 6.7%.
Conclusion: The results of our study specified the jobs with high risks of exposure to asbestos and approved the relationship between the exposure to asbestos and the inci-dence of mesothelioma in Iran, according to researches in other countries. So the con-sumption of asbestos in Iran, like 20 other countries in the world is necessary to be banned.
Reza Shahryar Kamrani, Mohammad Hossein Nabian , Leila Oryadi Zanjani ,
Volume 72, Issue 10 (January 2015)
Abstract
Background: Wrist arthroscopy is an evolving diagnostic and therapeutic modality which is progressively used by Iranian surgeons. Little data is published about the procedure’s indications, outcomes, complications and prognostic factors. In following study we evaluate the outcome and complications of diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy in our patients.
Methods: In a prospective study from September 2009 to March 2013, 100 patients entered in the study. All the patients had chronic wrist pain without any sign of improvement despite at list three months non-operative treatment and underwent diagnostic and therapeutic wrist arthroscopy. All patients were evaluated by wrist range of motion, visual analogue scale (VAS), the quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (Q-DASH), and Mayo wrist functional score before and after arthroscopy. Patients were visited at 3, 6, 12 weeks intervals after surgery and every six months thereafter. The most frequent diagnoses were triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury, dorsal wrist ganglion cyst and Kienbock disease which were treated with accordant arthroscopic methods. Major and minor complications of arthroscopy and prognostic factors were evaluated.
Results: Eighty nine patients participated in long term follow-up. The follow-up duration was 19±13 months. At final fallow-up there were 28.6±9.6 degrees improvement in wrist range of motion, 5.1±3.4 reduction in VAS score (P<0.04), 37.9±30 improvement in Mayo functional wrist score (P<0.02) and 47.5±33 reduction in Q-DASH score (P=0.009). 82% of patients were satisfied with postoperative results and 16% experienced recurrence. The preoperative diagnosis was not a prognostic factor for outcome of arthroscopic treatment. The rate of postoperative complications was 31.4%, which most of them were minor and transient complications. The most frequent complication of wrist arthroscopy in our patients was transient hypoesthesia in superficial ulnar nerve territory.
Conclusion: According to our results, wrist arthroscopy have acceptable outcome in TFCC injuries and Kienbock disease. With the ever-expanding list of indications and procedures that can be performed with wrist arthroscopy, it can be considered as an essential diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the orthopedic surgeon.
Hashem Fakhre Yaseri , Mehdi Shakaraby , Hamid Reza Bradaran , Ali Mohammad Fakhre Yaseri , Seyed Kamran Soltani Arabshahi, Tayeb Ramim ,
Volume 72, Issue 11 (February 2015)
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative microaerophilic spiral bacilli, which causes duodenal and gastric ulceration. Also this organism cause distal gastric adenocarcinoma and primary gastric lymphoma. The most important Helicobacter pylorus virulence factor is cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) Pathogenicity Island that cause secretion of antibody by stimulation of immune system. Measurement of the serum antibody can be used to diagnosis strain of Helicobacter pylorus that causes peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Serological discrimination between strain types would reduce the need to emergent endoscopic studies. The aim of this study was comparison of serum anti-CagA antibodies of patients with peptic ulcer disease and patients with Non-ulcer dyspepsia.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out from october 2011 to october 2012, in 130 patients who complained of dyspepsia more than six months and referred to gastroenterology and endoscopic ward of Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Serum sample obtained from all patients. Anti-CagA antibodies levels were measured in serum samples using ELISA technique. Patients with peptic ulcers as cases and patients without peptic ulcer in endoscopy study were considered as controls.
Results: One hundred thirty patients were enrolled in the study and equally two groups (65 patients in case group and 65 patients in control group). Fifty nine subjects of case group (90.76%) and 37 subjects of control group (56.92%) had positive serum anti-CagA antibody (P= 0.003). Sixty one percent of anti-CagA antibodies positive patients and 17.6% of anti-CagA antibodies negative patients had peptic ulcer (P= 0.003). (Odds ratio= 7.4 95%CI: 2.8-19.7 P= 0.003).
Conclusion: The detection of CagA antibodies as an additional and noninvasive test in association with determination of serum anti-CagA antibodies, could help better detection of risk factors of peptic ulcer disease. Also it can reduce the emergency endoscopy process. We can use this technique in patients with dyspepsia who had no warning signs or malignant disease and not taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in primary care of clinical practices.
Kamran Aghakhani , Ebrahim Ameri , Maryam Ameri , Seyed Ali Mohtarami ,
Volume 73, Issue 1 (April 2015)
Abstract
Background: Orthopedic trauma is a common type of injury in children and may cause deep and permanent psychological and physical damage both for the patient and the parents. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology age, gender distribution and the mechanism of injury in patients presenting to a level I trauma center in urban population of Tehran. Methods: In this prospective descriptive study, the patients under 19 years old with orthopedic trauma who were hospitalized in Tehran Shafa University Hospital were entered. This hospital is the main orthopedic referral center in Iran. The patients were prospectively evaluated from April 2013 to March 2014. The data were collected and analyzed. Results: The study included 1081 patients under 19 years old. There was a male predominance (76.8% n= 830). The boys had a higher mean age 11.04±5.06 year, versus girls with mean age 8.67±4.63 year (P< 0.05). The peak age of boys was 18 and the girls had two peaks at three and nine. The fractures occurred in upper limb in 70.8% (n= 621) and 29.2% (n= 256) in lower limb of patients. There were 27 cases with joint dislocation, 5 cases with knee ligamentous injuries, 128 cases with soft tissue injuries and 44 cases with spine injuries. The most frequent mechanism in both gender were falls from standing position (48.5%). The most common fractures were foreman both bone fractures (n: 146 16.7%), elbow supracondylar fractures (n: 134, 15.3%) and distal radius fractures (n: 84, 9.6%). The most fractures occurred in summer (30.1%) and the least in winter (18.1%). Conclusion: Evaluation of epidemiologic factors can lead to the best prediction and treatment planning of trauma. Early recognition of injury, even minor, and expected care using specialized teams will help to improve outcomes for these patients. This study determines the most at risk children for trauma and fractures and may help the parents to prevent damage.
