Showing 29 results for SAH
Hamidreza Mehryar, Omid Garkaz, Peyman Atabaki, Shadi Gharibi, Nasser Khalili, Sahar Paryab,
Volume 79, Issue 2 (May 2021)
Abstract
Background: Chest pain is the most common reason for patients to be referred to the emergency department of hospitals. This study was performed to compare the GRACE and TIMI scores in predicting important cardiovascular events in patients.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 862 cardiac patients who were referred to the emergency department of Taleghani Hospital in Urmia in the period of April 1, 2016 to the end of September 2016 by census method. A checklist containing demographic information, medical history and risk factors was used to collect data. After scoring patients, we examined and followed up both groups over the next 30 days and recorded any cardiovascular events such as sudden death, AMI or immediate revascularization. The data were tested using SPSS16 and descriptive statistics tests. T-test and ROC curve were analyzed.
Results: The results showed that in general, out of 862 patients who were studied (50.3%), 433 were female and (49.7%) 429 were male. Most of the patients were under 65 years old 627 (72.7%) and the age range was (17-91). The highest initial diagnosis of nonSTEMI patients was UA with 811 (94.9%) cases. On the other hand, the highest risk factors of patients were HTN 449(52%), CAD 314 (36.425) and DM 22 (25.55). The highest blood pressure was between (100-120) with 328 cases and serum creatinine between (0.6 to 1.3) with 770 cases. MACE after 30 days in GRACE system 17 people (32.69%) were in high risk group and in TIMI 3 people (37.5%) were in high risk group. In MACE evaluation, the specificity of GRACE system (cutoff point=30) was 89.27 vs. 52.24, the specificity of TIMI system (cutoff point=7.3) and the sensitivity of GRACE 93 (cutoff point=10) versus TIMI 85.71 (cutoff point=8.3) is.
Conclusion: The results showed that GRACE was more sensitive and characteristic than TIMI. |
Mohammad Ali Shaban, Asghar Ghorbani, Mohammad Kaji Yazdi , Neda Hakimian, Monir Al-Sadat Sahlabadi, Zahra Shokri, Zahra Mollah Esmaeili,
Volume 79, Issue 5 (August 2021)
Abstract
Background: Anemia has a very high prevalence across the world. Microcytic anemia is the most common nutritional disorder and a major health problem in infants and children associated with inadequate growth and development. Diagnosing anemia at the birth can be difficult. Due to the fact that conditions such as thalassemia and iron deficiency are causative factors of microcytic anemia are prevalent in Iran, early diagnosing and treating these diseases can prevent excessive costs and further complications. Therefore, recognizing the practical factors with this complication is an effective step in controlling and preventing it. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of microcytic anemia in newborns in Baharloo Hospital in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 210 infants, which were newly born on Baharloo Hospital from march2018 to march2019. 2.5 cc cord blood sample was extracted from each infant, and microcytic anemia were diagnosed according to factors such as Hb, MCV and others parameters.
Results: in this study, we demonstrated that there is a significant association between MCH and microcytic anemia. Our results showed that the rates of newborn infants with anemia disease (Hb<13ml/dl) were 14.3% and the rates of microcytic anemia were 9.5%. There were not any significant differences between mother's age, neonatal weight and height, type of parturition, pregnancy age and parental ratio with the incidence of microcytic anemia.
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Conclusion: Anemia has a relatively high prevalence in the center of Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran. So screening and further investigation for anemia and related factors are critical. According to the results of our investigation, studies showed that anemia is a multifactorial disease that depends on different factors. The existence of variable results in different studies requires evaluating more parameters that affect the incidence of microcytic anemia, such as iron deficiency, eating habits, level of parental education, and use of iron supplements in pregnancy. Management of this disease requires screening and early diagnosis for more effective treatment and reduction of its potential complications.
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Ezzatollah Rezaei, Mahmoud Reza Kalantari , Sahar Fereydouni, Kamrooz Pouryousef,
Volume 79, Issue 8 (November 2021)
Abstract
Background: Surgical margin determination in malignant lesions is essential and has a direct impact on the choice of postoperative treatments and patient follow-up. Therefore, the processes affecting this variable are worth exploring. This study aimed to evaluate the difference in surgical margin values in excisional skin samples during surgery and after formalin fixation.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on forty randomly selected patients with benign and malignant skin lesions who were referred to the plastic surgery ward of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad from November 2018 to January 2019. Malignant and benign skin lesions were excised with a healthy margin, then the specimens were sent to the pathologist in a formalin-containing container. The amount of tissue shrinkage and the factors affecting them were compared.
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Results: Among all 40 participants about 57.5% of the them were male and 42.5% were female. The mean age of the patients was 66.55±14.53 years. Surgical margin was evaluated in three patterns: before surgical incision and after surgical incision (P<0.001), before surgical incision and after formalin fixation (P<0.001), after surgical incision and after formalin fixation (P=0.02). In this study, the relationship between the age and initial length of the skin lesion with sample shrinkage was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that tissue shrinkage occurs both after incision and after formalin fixation. The highest rate of shrinkage was seen after surgical excision, which was due to the elasticity of the tissue itself. Increasing age and initial length of skin lesion did not affect this shrinkage. Also tumoral tissue contracted less than healthy tissue due to flexibility of fatty tissue and water and lipid content.
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Hasan Asadi Gandomani , Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi , Mohammad Ali Sahraian , Sharareh Eskandarieh,
Volume 79, Issue 12 (March 2022)
Abstract
Background: The onset of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) can be triggered by sun exposure and physical activity. The present study aimed to determine the risk of sun exposure and physical activity in PPMS development.
Methods: The case-control study recruited PPMS cases and healthy controls from the general population from September 2019 to September 2020 in Tehran, Iran. The selection of sex-matched controls from the same source population of cases was performed. Sun exposure was assessed in terms of exposure time in two age groups of 13-19 years and over 20 years in winter and summer.
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Results: This study examined 146 PPMS cases and 294 controls. The sun exposure in summer in the age group 13-19 was negatively associated with the incidence of the disease (OR=0.68 (CI=0.57-0.82)). This relationship was also observed in the groups of men (OR=0.55 (CI=0.40-0.74)) and women (OR=0.70 (CI=0.53-0.91)). Exposure to sunlight in winter in the age group 13-19 was negatively associated with the incidence of the disease (OR=0.28 (CI=0.19-0.42)). In the group over 20 years, sun exposure was negatively associated with disease incidence in summer (OR=0.49 (CI=0.36-0.66)). Exposure to sunlight on average in winter in the age group over 20 years was negatively associated with the incidence of the disease (OR=0.14 (CI=0.07-0.28)) which in the male group OR=0.12 (0.04-0.32)) and women (OR=0.06 (CI=0.02-0.21)) were seen. Regarding physical activity, only physical activity above 4000 MET per week in the group of women was negatively associated with the incidence of the disease (OR=5.30 (CI=1.05-26.59), but in other groups, this negative relationship was not observed.
Conclusion: Exposure to sunlight in winter and summer had a negative relationship with the incidence of the disease. Physical activity was only negatively associated with the incidence of the disease in very high doses and women.
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Sahar Seddiq, Fatemeh Khalili , Asghar Abdoli, Fatemeh Azarkish, Kamal Abdolmohammadi ,
Volume 80, Issue 3 (June 2022)
Abstract
According to the official statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says all women have the chance to get the disease, and women over the age of 30 are more likely to get it. However, this cancer is a types of cancer that can be prevented through vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the role of vaccines in the prevention of cervical cancer. In this review study, articles published between 2016-2022 from PubMed, SID, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were examined. Keywords Papilloma vaccine and cervical cancer in Persian sources and HPV vaccine and Cervical Cancer in English sources were used. The subject search was also performed using MeSH medical subject headings and through the Pubmed database. Vaccination against human papillomavirus is the most cost-effective public health measure against cervical cancer. In many developed and developing countries, serious programs are underway for HPV vaccination and screening for cervical cancer. In most countries, HPV vaccination has been added to their mandatory immunization programs, effectively reducing the incidence of cervical infections and cancers. In countries where vaccination is not complete, health education and screening programs such as PAP smears every 2 years for all women and every year for those with high cancer risk or abnormal smears, have been consolidated. HPV vaccination is highly effective and has been added to immunization programs in many countries. Nowadays, three types of vaccines have been presented, of which the 9-valent Gardasil vaccine is more effective than the other two types, but in terms of cost-effectiveness, the 4-valent Gardasil vaccine is more suggested. Due to the high prevalence of cervical cancer in Iran, it is suggested that the HPV vaccine be used, screening tests be optimized and performed on a regular basis, and ways to prevent cervical cancer be taught.
Sepehr Sahraian , Alireza Parsapour, Amir Ahmad Shojaee ,
Volume 80, Issue 6 (September 2022)
Abstract
Background: Medical ethics is an applied branch of ethics that deals with ethical challenges in medical and health environments, and its related topics have a long history, but its education as an academic subject in universities has received a lot of attention in the last 40 years. In recent years, medical universities have made extensive efforts to expand medical ethics education, which has been accompanied by significant progress, but given that the modern medical ethics education system is a growing and nascent structure, more research is needed. Therefore, this study aims to assess the status of the medical ethics education system at Tehran University of Medical Sciences to identify its gaps so that the current situation can be improved with proper planning.
Methods: The type of this research is descriptive quantitative-qualitative and it was collected from December 2018 to September 2019 at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. First, the educational curriculum of 165 educational levels at Tehran University of Medical Sciences was reviewed and described in terms of the existence of a medical or professional ethics course in the educational curriculum. Then, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the 13 professors in charge of teaching this course in all faculties, and content analysis was performed to describe and identify the obstacles in its effectiveness.
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Results: The results showed that in 53% of the educational levels, there was no separate medical or professional ethics course in the educational curriculum and the most educational coverage of this course took place in the faculties of medicine, dentistry, nursing and midwifery. The obstacles in the effectiveness of teaching this unit were categorized into five main themes of educational curriculum, hidden curriculum, teaching methods, teachers and education management.
Conclusion: The results show that the content of curricula needs to be revised and education should be inclusive. Creating a coherent educational organization and monitoring the hidden curriculum are other issues that should be considered to increase the effectiveness of this education.
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Nazanin Razazian, Mohammad-Ali Sahraian, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Nooshin Jafari, Mansour Rezaei, Negin Fakhri,
Volume 80, Issue 6 (September 2022)
Abstract
Background: People with chronic diseases of the immune system, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are at risk for Covid-19 disease. However, more research is needed with long-term follow-up. The aim of the study was to follow up people with MS (PwMS) for up to three months after AstraZeneca vaccination for the recurrence of MS and Covid-19 infection.
Methods: This study was a case study (descriptive-analytical) of follow-up type. The study population was PwMS over 18 years of age in Kermanshah province who received both doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine. This study was conducted from August to November 2021. Sampling was done with existing methods based on the National MS Registry of Iran (NMSRI). Demographic information of patients was extracted from NMSRI. A researcher-made form was used to collect information by telephone three months after vaccination about clinical characteristics, Covid-19 infection, and recurrence of MS. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software.
Results: Study participants were 40 MS patients with a mean (SD) age of 39.27 (8.8) years, including 32 (80.0%) women. A mean of 9.39 (4.6) years had passed since The patients were diagnosed with MS, and 29 (76.4%) had RR type MS. Four patients (10%) relapsed between the second dose and three months later, of whom two (50%) had sensory symptoms, one (25%) had optic nerve involvement, and one (25%) had motor symptoms and pyramidal pathway involvement. The symptoms of Covid-19 were mild in three patients (10%), while severe symptoms developed in one patient (10%) who received rituximab. Among the patients, no cases of thrombosis were observed. Infusion therapy, a leg fracture, and kidney stones were the only hospitalized cases.
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Conclusion: Covid-19 and MS relapse prevalence did not differ significantly in the three months before and after vaccination. There is a need for further studies with a longer follow-up period.
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Negar Sahba, Alireza Amani, Mohammadreza Rohani, Rahmatallah Moradzadeh , Azim Forouzan, Mojtaba Ahmadlou,
Volume 81, Issue 1 (April 2023)
Abstract
Background: Improving the quality of life of patients is the main goal of therapeutic interventions in chronic diseases. One way to achieve this is to decrease the severity of symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin capsule on quality of life and symptoms of patients with irritable bowel.
Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to Amir al-Momenin Hospital in Arak city from April to September 2018, using convenience sampling and Extra-intestinal symptoms severity scale and WHOQOL_BREF tools. The patients were divided into two groups of intervention and control, curcumin capsules were used in the first one, and in the second one, placebo capsules were used twice a day after lunch and dinner for four weeks. All patients were examined at the beginning of the study, the fourth week and three months later, in terms of quality of life, severity and frequency of symptoms and possible complications. During this period, the patients were followed up on a monthly basis through phone calls, and the contact number of the researcher was provided to the patients to call in case of any problems or questions.
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Results: The average age of the curcumin group was 35 years and for the placebo group was 36.43 years. There was no significant difference in the quality of life between the curcumin and placebo groups after the intervention (P>0.05). Significant were found between the curcumin and placebo groups after the intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between curcumin and placebo in improving the clinical symptoms of patients, but the quality of life of patients in both curcumin and placebo groups did not change significantly after the intervention.
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Yasser Hasanzadeh, Zahra Sagheb Movafagh , Atena Sahrabeygi , Hamid Heidarian Miri , Masoumeh Gharib ,
Volume 81, Issue 10 (January 2024)
Abstract
Background: Identifying the epidemiological aspects of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is the first step in implementing management protocols to control the condition of these tumors. We aimed to examine the epidemiology and histopathology of both benign and malignant tumors of the CNS in one of the referral and university centers in the east of Iran.
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Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all files of patients admitted to Qaem Hospital in Mashhad City, Iran, in a period of 10 years from March 2009 to February 2018 with a definitive diagnosis of benign or malignant tumors of the CNS, including tumors of the brain, cerebellum, spinal cord, or meningeal membranes. Information sources included the patients' physical files and the hospital information system (HIS). The statistical software SPSS version 28.0 for Windows (IBM SPSS, Armonk, New York, USA) was used for the statistical analysis.
Results: In total, 775 patients with benign and 771 patients with malignant CNS tumors were included in the study. Regarding epidemiological aspects of benign tumors, the incidence rate of women was almost twice that of men (68.47% versus 31.53%), with an overall average age of 45.31±19.81 years. The most common benign tumors were meningioma (72.77%), followed by schwannoma (13.67%). Regarding malignant brain tumors, the mean age of affected patients was 36.64±19.67 years, with males accounting for 53.04% of cases and females for 46.96%. The most frequent type of tumor was glioblastoma (32.68%), followed by diffuse astrocytoma (16.47%). Both benign and malignant CNS tumors were associated with significant hospital mortality; in-hospital mortality rates for benign and malignant tumors were 10.1% and 17.5%, respectively. Tumor type and its grade were the main determinants of early death in malignant CNS tumors.
Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics of benign and malignant tumors in our study community were similar to the reports presented in other communities. Knowledge of these characteristics provides the possibility of managing patients and reducing morbidity and mortality related to these tumors.
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