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Davari S, Talaei Sa, Soltani M, Alaei H, Salami M,
Volume 70, Issue 9 (12-2012)
Volume 70, Issue 9 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus affects numerous intracellular metabolic processes, which are reflected by changes in the concentration of some plasma constituents. Particularly, the disease may indirectly undermine some functions of the nervous system including learning and memory through altering oxidative stress status. On the other hand, probiotics can enhance the antioxidant capacity. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on spatial memory, maze learning and indices of oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups (n=10 for each): Control (CO), Control probiotic (CP), Control diabetic (DC), and Diabetic probiotic (DP). The probiotic supplement, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium lactis (334 mg of each with a CFU of ~1010), was administered through drinking water every 12 hours for 8 weeks. Using morris water maze (MWM), spatial learning and memory were evaluated. Serum insulin and oxidative stress indices, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were measured by standard laboratory kits.
Results: Oral administration of probiotics improved impairment of spatial learning (P=0.008) and consolidated memory (P=0.01) in the rats. Moreover, probiotic treatment increased serum insulin (P<0.0001) and serum superoxide dismutase activity (P=0.007) while it decreased their blood glucose (P=0.006) and 8-OHdG (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation reversed the serum concentrations of insulin and glucose along with an increase in antioxidant capacity in diabetic rats. It also improved spatial learning and memory in the animals. Relevancy of the metabolic changes and behavioral functions need to be further studied.
Takzaree N, Mortazavi H, Hassanzadeh G, Safaye S, Hossini M,
Volume 70, Issue 11 (2-2013)
Volume 70, Issue 11 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background: Achillea millefolium or yarrow is a native plant in Europe and Iran. Yarrow has been used as a medicine historically, mainly because of its astringent effects. It is reported to be associated with the treatment of several ailments. Nowadays use of plants for medical purpose has become very common. Achillea millefolium L, Yarrow, is being used in traditional and modern medicine due to various chemical compounds. Considering the importance of birth control, finding a drug with less side effects inhibiting spermatogenesis seems to be necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Achillea millefolium L. on spermato-genesis of male wistar rats.
Methods: In this study, 32 adult male wistar rats were used. The animals were divided to four groups of eight rats. The first group, received 200 mg/kg Achillea millefolium L. interaperitoneally, the second and third groups received 400, 800 mg/kg Achillea millefolium L. interaperitoneally, respectively. In the fourth group (control) distilled water was administered. After 20 days, the rats were sacrificed and testis tissues were histologically evaluated.
Results: Comparing to control group, in the experimental groups received the high doses of the extract, thickening of seminiferous tubules basement membrane, loss of germinal epithelium and testicular hyperemia were demonstrated (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results, high concentrations of Achillea millefolium L. leaded to structural and spermatogenesis changes in testis tissue.
Derakhshanian H, Marjanmehr Sh, Ghadbeigi S, Rahimi N, Mostafavi Sa, Hosseinzadeh P, Salehpour A, Dehpour Ar,
Volume 71, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Volume 71, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background: Biliary cirrhosis is a chronic disease marked by the progressive destruct-tion of liver. There is no known cure for this disease however, medications may slow its progression. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of quercetin as a plant derived flavonoid on the hepatic injury reduction of biliary cirrhotic rats.
Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-7 months were randomized into three groups of ten each. One group served as control (sham operated), while the other two groups underwent a complete bile-duct ligation (BDL). Four weeks after the opera-tion, serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST) were measured in two BDL groups to confirm the occurrence of cirrhosis. Then one of the BDL groups received placebo and the other one injected intraperitoneally with 50mg/kg of quercetin once a day for a period of four weeks. At the end of the study, hepatic enzymes and serum bilirubin were measured again. Liver species were tested for histological characteristics.
Results: Quercetin could decrease serum level of bilirubin (7.4±0.9 vs. 8.9±1.6 mg/dL P<0.05), ALP (1387±76.9 vs. 2273±65.3 IU/L P<0.001) and ALT (601.9±38.1 vs. 644.8±37.4 IU/L P<0.05) compared to cirrhotic group. AST was higher in cirrhotic groups compared to control both in the 4th and 8th week. However, the difference between BDL and BDL+Q groups was not statistically significant. Quercetin decreased ALT/AST ratio, as an indicator of liver damage. No significant histological changes were observed in quercetin group.
Conclusion: These data suggest that although quercetin did not change histological characteristics of liver, it could significantly decrease bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and alanine amino-transferase, indicating less liver injury.
B Ghorbani Yekta, M Nasehi, Sh Khakpour, Mr Zarrindast, Y Shafieekhan,
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: Previous reports showed that nucleus accumbens involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of major depression, anxiety and addiction. It is not clear that how these mechanisms occur in the brain. In the present study, the influence of direct nicotine injection in the nucleus accumbens in rats’ anxiety-related behavior was investigated.
Methods: Wistar rats were used in this study. Male Wistar rats bred in an animal house, in a temperature-controlled (22±2 ◦C) room with a 12 hour light/darkcycle. Rats were anesthetized using intraperitoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, then placed in an stereotactic instrument for microinjection cannula implantation The stainless steel guide cannula was implanted bilaterally in the right and left dorsal the nucleus accumbens shell according to Paxinos and Watson atlas. After recovery, anxiety behavior and locomotor activity were tested. We used the elevated plus maze to test anxiety. This apparatus has widely been employed to test parameters of anxiety-related behaviors including the open armtime percentage (%OAT), open arm entries percentage (%OAE), locomotor activity and we record effect of drugs after injection directly in the nucleus accumbens on anxiety-related behavior.
Results: Experiments showed that bilateral injections into the nucleus accumbens Nicotine, acetylcholine receptor agonist, dose 0.1 of the dose (0.05 and 0.1, 0.25, 0.5) microgram per rat caused a significant increase in the percentage of time spent in the open arms (%OAT), compared to the control group. We did not record any significant change locomotor activity and open arm entries percentage (%OAE) in rats.
Conclusion: Nicotinic receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell involved to anxiety-like behavior in male rats.
Mahmood Khaniki , Saleh Azizian , Ali Mohammad Alizadeh , Hamidreza Hemmati , Nabbi Emamipour, Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi,
Volume 71, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Volume 71, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, has the ability to inhibit the carcinogenic pathways, and thus can prevent or postpone the carcinogenic process in different animal species. Retention time of curcumin is short due to the quick excretion of the body, so, the therapeutic effects of curcumin are restricted resulting in short-term retention in the plasma. Therefore, several methods are used for increasing the efficien-cy of curcumin in plasma and tissues. The present study is designed to evaluate the effects of the anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic of nano-curcumin in rat colon cancer.
Methods: In this study which was performed in Cancer Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Thirty rats have divided into control, curcumin and nano-curcumin groups. All animals received azoxymethane (15 mg/kg, s.c) as a carcinogen, once a week for two consecutive weeks. Animals received curcumin 0.2% and nano-curcumin 2 weeks before azoxymethane injection up to 14 weeks after the last injection of azoxymethane in curcumin and nano-curcumin groups, respectively. At the end of experiment, the colorectal specimens from all mucosal lesions were obtained for histo-and-immunohistochemical (Ki-67 and COX-2) studies.
Results: The cytological and morphological changes of the cells in nano-curcumin group were significantly lower compared to other groups (P<0.05). In addition, the Ki-67 and COX-2 proteins expression was lower in the nano-curcumin group in compare-son with the curcumin and control groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that the using a suitable nanoparticle can be appropria-tely resolved the low bioavailability of curcumin. This can be an important method to use of natural products in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.
Seyed Homayoon Sadraie , Fatemeh Rezaei , Mahnaz Azarnia , Gholamreza Kaka , Soheila Jahani , Zahra Shabani ,
Volume 71, Issue 9 (12-2013)
Volume 71, Issue 9 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background: Aspirin is the drug of the century, and is a multifunctional drug and one of the most prescribed drugs in the world. Aspirin is a safe drug at low doses but also it has life-threatening side effects when administered at high doses. This study investi-gates the effects of aspirin on renal cortical and medullary tissue in rat embryos.
Methods: In this study, 30 pregnant female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Control group with no intervention, sham group received 2 ml distilled water (as a sol-vent of aspirin) received from days 8 to 20 of pregnancy, and four experimental groups received different doses of 75, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of aspirin by gavage. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on the twenty days of pregnancy and the fetuses were removed. Weight of the fetuses and placenta and Crown-Rump length were measured. Fetal kid-neys were fixed in formalin processed, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin- Eosin. Thickness of renal cortical and medullary tissue by using a Motic hardware and soft-ware system were measured and recorded. A significance level of 0.05 was predeter-mined for all statistical analyses.
Results: No apparent fetal anomalies were observed in experimental groups. In addi-tion, no significant differences were shown in the mean of fetal weight, placental weight, mean of Crown-Rump length in experimental groups 75, 200 and 300 mg/kg compared to control and sham groups. Mean fetal and placental weight in experimental group 100 significantly increased compared to control and sham groups. Mean ratio of renal cortex to renal medulla in experimental group 75, 100 and 300 were significantly decreased compared to control and sham groups (respectively P= 0.03, P= 0.013, P= 0.03).
Conclusion: It seems that maternal use of aspirin during pregnancy can not cause fetal abnormalities. However, it can cause some changes in renal cortical and medullary tis-sue of rat embryos.
Narmin Ghaderi , Khosro Esazadeh , Alireza Shoae Hasani,
Volume 71, Issue 11 (2-2014)
Volume 71, Issue 11 (2-2014)
Abstract
Background: Apoptin is a protein from chicken anemia virus that could induce apoptosis specifically in the cancer cells but it has not any effect in the normal cells. Phage therapy is a novel field of cancer therapy and phage nanobioparticles (NBPs) such as λ phage could be modified to deliver and express genetic cassettes into eukaryotic cells safely in contrast with animal viruses. The bacteriophages like Lambda could be manipulated to deliver genetic cassettes into eukaryotic cells and express the gene safely. We developed the safe way for the expression of Apoptin gene via Lambda bacteriophage in the human tumors. Methods: At first the Apoptin clone was produced and then transferred into ZAP-CMV plasmid through BamH-I and HinD-III restriction sites. Then this construct inserted into the Lambda phage in the Escherichia coli host cell. The expression of Apoptin in the recombinant construct was evaluated via RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis. The anti tumor function of expressed protein was measured in the BT-474 cells that was hosted by nude mice. Results: Transfection of breast carcinoma cells by Lambda bacteriophage containing λZAP-Apoptin-CMV was inhibited the tumor growth significantly but did not any effect on normal cells. The expression of this protein was very high in tumor cells and prevented the death of tumor bearing nude mice. The penetration and spreading of Apoptin construct by bacteriophage Lambda was significantly high but the Apoptin plasmid had very little expression in BT-474 cell, directly. Transfection with NBPs carrying λZAP-CMV-Apoptin significantly inhibited growth of all the breast carcinoma cell lines in vitro, but had no effect on normal cells. Conclusion: Utilization of recombinant Lambda bacteriophage as a safe expression vector has been confirmed. Apoptin was induced apoptosis specifically in the tumors in vivo. Use of such construct is a very safe way to treat cancer in human. The results presented here reveal important features of λ nanobioparticles to serve as safe delivery and expression platform for human cancer therapy.
Bahareh Habibi , Behjat Seifi , Hamidreza Sadeghipour Roud-Sari, Ali Akbar Amir Zargar , Seyed Mohammad Hossain Noori Mugahi ,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (3-2014)
Volume 71, Issue 12 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background: Varicocele is a dilated vein of the pampiniform plexus that cause to det-rimental time-dependent effects so this study describes the effect of varicocele on the level of IL-6 and interferon gamma in serum and testis tissue, number of sertoli and spermatogonia cells, seminiferous tubules diameter and sperm activity in immature rats. Methods: Thirty six immature rats, 5-6 weeks aged were investigated in this study. The sham groups underwent sham operation and varicocele groups underwent partial liga-tion of the renal vein. Serum, testis and sperm samples were collected at 9, 11, and 13 weeks after induction of varicocele or sham operation to evaluate histological parame-ters (seminiferous tubules diameter, number of sertoli and spermatogonia cells), per-centage of sperm motility and viability and levels of cytokines. Testicular morphology was evaluated. Results: Varicocele significantly caused an increase in serum and testis IL-6 and inter-feron gamma, compared to related sham groups and previous varicocele groups (P<0.05). Varicocele significantly caused decreases in sertoli cells and spermatogonia cells number with increasing varicocele time, compared to related sham groups and previous varicocele groups (P<0.05). In the evaluation of seminiferous tubules diameter external, internal and epithelium diameter were decreased compared to sham related groups and previous varicocele groups. In all varicocele groups, all kind of sperm motility and viability decreased compared to the related sham-operated groups (P<0.05). Varicocele had deteriorating effects on testis tissue because our observations in varicocele groups demonstrated that the external, internal and germinal epithelium height was reduced by the time and in the evaluation of testicular cells, sertoli and spermatogonia cells number were decreased by the time compared to sham related groups and previous varicocele groups. Conclusion: This study suggests varicocele had a detrimental time-dependent effect on cytokines levels and decrease in sertoli and spermatogonia cells number, seminiferous tubules diameter and sperm indices.
Seyed Mohammad Hossein Noori Mugahi, Tahmineh Mokhtari , Ameneh Omidi , Nasrin Takzaree ,
Volume 72, Issue 2 (5-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 2 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background: Considering nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in many biologic processes of cells and tissues such as in the digestive system and in this system act as a second messenger in pathological and physiological events in gastrointestinal region, in this study we investigated the effects of L-NG-Nitro arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) as the NO formation inhibitor on parietal cells of stomach in pregnant rats. Methods: Twenty four female rats were prepared and with eight weeks old and 200-250 g weight were used in this study. After matting of the female rats with the male rats, time of observing vaginal plaque considered as the zero day of pregnancy. Then the animals were divided into three groups of studying. Each group was containing eight rats. In this study, except the control group, the saline group received 2 ml/kg normal saline and experimental group received 20 ml/kg L-NAME interaperitoneally (IP), respectively on third, fourth, and fifth days of pregnancy for evaluation of its effects. On the 18th day of pregnancy, after anesthesia with ether, the animals were killed and dissected and the laparotomy was performed to separate the mother’s stomach. Then, the stomach was fixed in 10% formalin and after tissue passage, the sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E). Then the changes of count and diameter in parietal cells were observed via light microscopy and Image Tools III. Results: Results of this study after analysis showed the significant changes in parietal cells count (mean 61.3±4.32) and its diameters (mean 16.12±1.18 µm) in L-NAME group in comparison to control and the sham groups in pregnant rats (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed L-NAME with effects on NO synthesis can reduce the count of parietal cells and increase its diameter in pregnant rats and has destructive effects on structure of stomach parietal cells in pregnancy rats.
Mohammad Mashayekhi , Daryoush Mohajeri , Mohammad Reza Valilu,
Volume 72, Issue 5 (8-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 5 (8-2014)
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent oral cancer. Protec-tive effects of the consumption of vegetables and fruits on various forms of cancer in-cluding oral cancer have been determined. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) because of its lycopene and bioflavonoids contents possesses anti-carcinogenic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of tomato pulp on pre-neoplastic changes induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxid (4-NQO) in epithelial cells of lingual mucosa in the rats. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. Group 1 served as control. Groups 2 to 4 assigned to receive 30 ppm 4-NQO in drinking water for 12 consecutive weeks. When the feeding of 4-NQO was started to the rats of groups 3 and 4, they received tomato pulp (20 and 40 ml/kg bw) daily through the oral gavage. Finally, histological evaluations for carcinogenesis were performed for tongues epithelial tissue. Results: There were no pathological alterations in epithelial tissue of lingual mucosa in control rats. In the epithelial cells of lingual mucosa of 4-NQO treated rats, premalig-nant alterations appeared after 12 weeks of the last application of the drug. Administration of tomato pulp at both doses (20 and 40 ml/kg bw) during the experiment reduced the severity of the lesions, as well as caused a significant reduction in the frequency of pre-neoplastic lesions of tongue epithelial cells (P= 0.024 and P= 0.008). The incidence of severe epithelial cells dysplasia of lingual mucosa in the high dose treatment group was significantly smaller than of low dose treatment group (P= 0.037). Conclusion: The results obtained showed that tomato pulp is effective in inhibiting the development of neoplasms in epithelial cells of lingual mucosa induced by 4-NQO in the rat.
Mohammad Miryounesi , Zeinab Jamali , Masoumeh Razipour , Elahe Alavinejad , Mohammad Hossein Modarressi ,
Volume 72, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Volume 72, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: About 15% of couples have fertility problems and male factor in fertility accounts for half of the cases. In vitro generation of germ cells introduces a novel approach to male infertility and provides an effective system in gene tracking studies, however many aspects of this process have remained unclear. We aimed to promote mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) differentiation into germ cells and evaluate its effectiveness with tracking the expression of the Testis specific 10 (Tsga10) during this process. Methods: This is an in vitro study that was performed in department of Medical Genetics in Tehran University of Medical Sciences from February 2012 to March 2013. Mouse embryonic stem cells were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast as feeder layer. Then mESCs were differentiated into germ cells in the presence of Retinoic Acid. Based on developmental schedule of the postnatal testis, samples were taken on the 7th, 12th and 25th days of the culture and were subjected to expression analysis of a panel of germ cell specific genes (Stra8 as pre-meiotic, Dazl and Sycp3 as meiotic and Protamin1 and Spata19 as Post-meiotic). Expression of Testis Specific Gene 10 (Tsga10) at RNA and protein levels was then analyzed. Results: It was shown that transition of embryonic stem cells from mitosis to meiosis occurred between 7th and 12th days of mESC culture and post-meiotic gene expression did not occur until 25th day of the culture. Results showed low level of Tsga10 expression in undifferentiated stem cells. During transition from meiotic to post-meiotic phase, Tsga10 expression increased in 6.6 folds. This finding is in concordance with in vivo changes during transition from pre-pubertal to pubertal stage. Localization of processed and unprocessed form of the related protein was similar to those in vivo as well. Conclusion: Expression pattern of Tsga10, as a gene with critical function in spermatogenesis, is similar during in vitro and in vivo germ cell generation. The results suggest that in vitro derived germ cells could be a trusted model to study genes behavior during spermatogenesis.
Sayyed Alireza Talaei , Abolfazl Azami , Elham Mahdavi , Mahmoud Salami ,
Volume 73, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Volume 73, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background: Environmental signals have an essential role in the maturation of neural circuits during critical period of brain development. It has been shown that, change in visual signals during critical period of brain development changes structure and function of glutamate receptors in the visual cortex. After processing in visual cortex, part of visual signals goes to the hippocampus and makes memories. The aim of this study was evaluating effects of visual deprivation during critical period of brain development on AMPA receptor subunits expression in rats’ hippocampus. Methods: This experimental study was done in Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences at winter 2014 on male Wistar rats. Animals were divided to 2 groups (n= 36 for each) were kept in standard 12 hours light/12 hours dark condition (light reared, LR) or in complete darkness (dark reared, DR) from birth to the end of the experiments. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting techniques respectively, expression of mRNA and protein of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits was evaluated in rats’ hippocampus at ages 2, 4 and 6 weeks in both groups. After quantification of the expressions, the data were compared by two way analysis of variance. Results: The relative expression of GluR1 subunit decreased about 24% (P=0.004) in the hippocampus of 6 WLR rats in comparison to 2 WLR ones. The relative expression of the other AMPA receptor subunit, GluR2, also increased about 190% in the hippocampus of the 6WLR animals when compared to the 2 WLR rats (P< 0.0001). Dark rearing increased the relative expression of both subunits of AMPA receptors, GluR1 and GluR2, about 20 percent (P= 0.01) in the hippocampus of 6 WDR rats in comparison to 2 WLR animals. Conclusion: Dark rearing of rats during critical period of brain development changes the relative expression and also arrangement of both AMPA receptor subunits, GluR1 and GluR2 in the hippocampus, age dependently.
Mahdiye Bazmi, Mitra Haghayeghi , Roya Lari , Nasser Mahdavi Shahri , Morteza Behnam Rasouli,
Volume 73, Issue 4 (7-2015)
Volume 73, Issue 4 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background: Bone is a hard and dynamic tissue, which continually undergoes remodeling process. Longitudinal growth of bone is mediated by growth plate that is a cartilage structure at the end of long bones. During puberty, along with the closure (ossification) of growth plate, the longitudinal growth of bone will stop. Diazinon is one of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides that have been known to cause damage to the cells and tissues of the body by enhancing oxidative stress. Due to the dynamism and active process, bone and growth plate tissues are suitable models to investigate the effect of diazinon on bone development and bone growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diazinon on the epiphyseal growth plate width (including the proliferating cells zone and hypertrophy cells zone) of immature rat. Methods: This is an experimental study. This study was performed on 12 immature male in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in May 2014, Wistar rats that randomly divided into 2 groups: control group and diazinon group. All treatments were done by oral gavage during 28 days. The animals were sacrificed on day 28 and left femur bones were removed for histomorphometric studies of epiphyseal growth plate width. Assessments were done by ImageJ software, version 1.40g (Wayne Rasband, NIH, USA) and the significance of the results were performed by ANOVA analysis and Tukey’s test. Results: Epiphyseal growth plate width of diazinon group was significantly reduced (P=0.0126) in compared to control group. This reduction was associated with reduced of width of the proliferating zone (P=0.0001) and increased width of the hypertrophy zone (P=0.0166). Conclusion: Diazinon leads to reduction in the Epiphyseal growth plate width of immature male rats. Therefore it could be a factor in the impairment of bone longitudinal growth and premature closure of the growth plate.
Reza Habibian , Nowruz Delirezh , Amir Abbas Farshid ,
Volume 73, Issue 5 (8-2015)
Volume 73, Issue 5 (8-2015)
Abstract
Background: Allergic Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system that is well known by increased inflammatory cells in the airways and causes difficulty in respiration. The prevalence of allergic asthma is increasing worldwide, and it has become a significant cause of health challenge especially in developed countries. Inhaled β2-agonists and Inhaled or oral corticosteroids are common medications for treating the disease, but they cannot be used for long periods of time because of frequently occurring side effects and they can’t change the main pathogenesis of the problem. Deficiency in regulatory system against inflammation could be an important factor in allergic asthma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential of cellular immunosuppressive therapy of inflammatory disorders. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of MSC therapy on mechanisms of allergic asthma in mice model. Methods: This experimental study was conducted from August 2014 to March 2015. The animals were housed and maintained in Biotechnology Center of Urmia University, Iran. Mice were sensitized by intra-peritoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide emulsion and then were challenged intra-nasally with OVA. Before allergen challenge on day 14, experimental mice received tail vein injection of MSCs in PBS. Regulatory T cells of spleen, cytokines and IgE analysis were carried out using lungs wash as well as serum samples. Results: Our results showed that MSCs significantly reduced total cells and eosinophilia, serum OVA-specific IgE concentration in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. Also results showed that MSCs markedly inhibited expressions of Th2 cytokines and elevated levels of Treg cells and Treg cytokines. Conclusion: In the present study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of MSCs on airway inflammation using mice model of allergic asthma. The mice were sensitized with OVA and compared to the results of dexamethasone administration. Our results demonstrated that administration of MSCs could be used as a potential therapeutic approach for the allergic asthma.
Sallahadin Feizollah , Shiva Khezri ,
Volume 73, Issue 8 (11-2015)
Volume 73, Issue 8 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The hippocampus is a vital center for learning and memory it is extremely vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. The male hormones could be neuroprotective for the CNS. The current study is an attempt to investigate the effect of testosterone on learning and spatial memory following the demyelination of CA1 area by the injection of ethidium bromide in the rats' hippocampus. Methods: This experimental study has been conducted on healthy rats in the faculty of science of the Urmia University from September 2013 to February 2015. For demyelination in all previously gonadectomized healthy rats, 3µl ethidium bromide was injected into the CA1 area of rats by stereotaxic surgery. In addition, the treatment groups received 1µl testosterone (6µg/µl) during a 20-day timeframe on a daily basis after demyelination by the ethidium bromide. The control groups had no drug injection. The process of the learning and spatial memory of the rats were closely monitored by the radial Maze. The demyelination and remyelination in the hippocampus were checked by the myelin-specific coloring (Luxol fast blue and Cresyl violet). Results: The histological results suggest that the testosterone is capable of minimizing the destructive impacts of ethidium bromide in the treatment group as well as enhancing the remyelination process. In the group treated by testosterone, the percentage of the pyknotic cells 20 days after demyelination induction, represented a significant reduction compared to that of ethidium bromide group (P=0.008). The behavioral studies analyses show that the amount of the food finding time in those groups received ethidium bromide was significantly longer than those of the control groups (P=0.001). Furthermore, the application of the testosterone in the treatment groups reduced the extent of demyelination while the memory impairment induced by the ethidium bromide was significantly improved (P=0.001). Conclusion: Testosterone can act as a neuroprotective factor that reduces the extent of demyelination and the number of pyknotic cells. It also may improve the learning and memory impairment induced by ethidium bromide.
Noorahmad Latifi , Navid Rezvani , Mohammad Javad Fatemi , Majid Nourian , Shirin Araghi , Tooran Bagheri,
Volume 73, Issue 11 (2-2016)
Volume 73, Issue 11 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background: Graft survival has been considered the major problem in reconstructive surgery. Clinical studies have helped us to understand the role of PRP in increasing skin survival. Our goal in this study was to examine the treatment effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on autologous full thickness skin graft survival in male rats.
Methods: This experimental study was performed on 36 rats of Sprague-Dawley race with weighing approximately 250 to 300 gr on May 2015 in animal laboratory of Hazrat Fatima Hospital. After anesthesia, rats were divided into 3 groups. We injected platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the first group, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the second and saline in the third group after removing the skin. Microscopic analysis was performed with camera (Canon powershot SX200, Tokyo, Japan) on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after surgery. We used image analysis system (ImageJ, ver. 1.45) to examine necrosis and survival rate. Samples were studied with H&E staining on day 28 microscopically for histological analysis of vascular density and angiogenesis.
Results: Our findings showed the area of necrosis in animals injected with PRP on days 7 and 14, was meaningfully less than control group (P= 0.0001). There was no meaningful difference between control and PRP groups (P> 0.05). The area of necrosis in animals injected with PRF did not have any significant difference with control group from beginning to 21st day (P< 0.0001). there was no meaningful difference in vascular density between control and PRP group, whereas in animals injected with PRF the vascular density was significantly less than control group (P= 0.002).
Conclusion: According to our results in this study, we can conclude that using autologous PRP can enhance the process of healing soft tissue injury and be affective at increasing graft survival. This method is suggested to be conducted for patients highly at risk of graft loss and also for those who are in need of early treatments.
Katayoon Kangarlu Haghighi , Shahrbanoo Oryan , Mohamreza Zarindast , Mohamad Nasehi ,
Volume 74, Issue 4 (7-2016)
Volume 74, Issue 4 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background: As a psychoactive plant, Cannabis sativa (Marijuana) is widely used throughout the world. Several investigations have indicated that administration of Marijuana affects various cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. These include anxiety-like behaviors and learning and memory deficit. It has been shown that three main cannabinoid receptors [i.e. CB1, CB2 and CB3 are involved in cannabinoids’ functions. CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in the central nervous system regions such as hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and the cortex. Therefore, the neuropsychological functions of endocannabinoids are thought to be more linked to CB1 receptors. Among other brain regions, CB1 is highly expressed in the amygdala which is an integral component of the limbic circuitry. The amygdala plays a major role in the control of emotional behavior, including conditioned fear and anxiety. In present study we examined the possible roles of basolateral amygdala (BLA) GABAB receptors in arachydonilcyclopropylamide (ACPA)-induced anxiolytic-like effect and aversive memory deficit in adult male mice.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted from September 2013 to December 2014 in Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, School of Cognitive Sciences, Tehran and Male albino NMRI mice (Pasture Institute, Iran), weighting 27-30 g, were used. Bilateral guide-cannulae were implanted to allow intra BLA microinjection of the drugs. We used Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) to examine memory and anxiety behavior (test-retest protocol). ACPA administrate intra-peritoneal and GABAB agonist and antagonist administrated intra-amygdala.
Results: Data showed that pre-test treatment with ACPA induced anxiolytic-like and aversive memory deficit The results revealed that pre-test intra-BLA infusion of baclofen (GABAB receptor agonist) impaired the aversive memory while phaclofen (GABAB receptor antagonist) improved it. Interestingly, pretreatment with a sub-threshold dose of baclofen reversed and potentiated anxiolytic-like effect and aversive memory deficit induced by ACPA, respectively. Conversely, similar effect with sub-threshold dose of phaclofen showed that this drug only restored aversive memory deficit but did not alter anxiolytic-like effect induced by ACPA.
Conclusion: Data indicated that BLA GABAB receptors have critical and different roles in anxiolytic-like effect and aversive memory deficit induced by ACPA.
Maria Zahiri , Khalil Pourkhalili , Sadegh Darvishi , Hossein Heydari , Zahra Akbari,
Volume 77, Issue 10 (1-2020)
Volume 77, Issue 10 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) is a type of blue-green algae and contains a source of biological compounds. These microalgae have many beneficial health effects. Recently, fucoidan, known sulfated polysaccharide component of AFA algae, has been claimed to stimulate stem-cell mobilization in animal models. Stem cells play an essential role in tissue repair process. In this study, we use excisional full thickness wound model to investigate the effectiveness of trademark AFA extract on skin wound repair process.
Methods: In this experimental study, 21 adult male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) were used and under general anesthesia (intraperitoneally with a ketamine/xylazine solution), two round excisional wounds were created under sterile conditions by a 6 mm punch on the dorsum (paravertebral area) of all rats. Animals were randomly assigned into 3 groups. In groups 1 and 2 (SE-200, SE-400), StemEnhance© (StemTech Health Sciences Inc. British Columbia, Canada) were given respectively 200 or 400 mg/kg by oral gavage once daily and in group 3 (Sham), distilled water (DW) was given to all subjects. Post-wounding gavage of StemEnhance or DW started from 1st day and continued to 7th day. The wound surface area was monitored daily by digital camera and assessed by Image Tool™ software, version 3.5 (UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA). At 9th day post-wounding animals were sacrificed and repaired tissues were harvested by and assessed by a 8 mm punch. Repaired skin areas were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histopathological parameters of healing including inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and fibroblast count were assessed by pathologist. Our study was conducted in the Physiology Department of Medical School, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from October 2016 to March 2016.
Results: Macroscopic imaging of wound area revealed that there was statistically significant difference in wound area reduction between SE-200 group and sham group on day 6 post wounding (P=0.032). Moreover, histological findings showed that the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and microvessel density decreased in both StemEnhace-treated groups. There were no significant differences between two treatment groups.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results it seems that the extract of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae algae positively affects wound healing process by ameliorating inflammatory response in early healing phases.
Methods: In this experimental study, 21 adult male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) were used and under general anesthesia (intraperitoneally with a ketamine/xylazine solution), two round excisional wounds were created under sterile conditions by a 6 mm punch on the dorsum (paravertebral area) of all rats. Animals were randomly assigned into 3 groups. In groups 1 and 2 (SE-200, SE-400), StemEnhance© (StemTech Health Sciences Inc. British Columbia, Canada) were given respectively 200 or 400 mg/kg by oral gavage once daily and in group 3 (Sham), distilled water (DW) was given to all subjects. Post-wounding gavage of StemEnhance or DW started from 1st day and continued to 7th day. The wound surface area was monitored daily by digital camera and assessed by Image Tool™ software, version 3.5 (UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA). At 9th day post-wounding animals were sacrificed and repaired tissues were harvested by and assessed by a 8 mm punch. Repaired skin areas were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histopathological parameters of healing including inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and fibroblast count were assessed by pathologist. Our study was conducted in the Physiology Department of Medical School, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from October 2016 to March 2016.
Results: Macroscopic imaging of wound area revealed that there was statistically significant difference in wound area reduction between SE-200 group and sham group on day 6 post wounding (P=0.032). Moreover, histological findings showed that the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and microvessel density decreased in both StemEnhace-treated groups. There were no significant differences between two treatment groups.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results it seems that the extract of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae algae positively affects wound healing process by ameliorating inflammatory response in early healing phases.
Samane Jahanabadi, Samira Dabestani Tafti ,
Volume 80, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Volume 80, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Pioglitazone is the selective PPAR-γ receptor agonist, which is prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and may also have antidepressant effects. Nitric oxide (NO) has been involved in some crucial roles, including learning, cognition and neurogenesis as well as some neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. Reduced estrogen levels throughout ovariectomy, postpartum and menopause make women more likely to suffer from depression. The existing study was designed to examine the antidepressant-like effects of pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, and the probable involvement of NO with the use of non-specific NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) or an NO precursor (L-arginine) in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice.
Methods: The present study was conducted experimentally on female NMRI mice from April to December 2019 at the Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Female mice were subjected to bilaterally ovariectomy, and various doses of pioglitazone (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) were administered either alone or in combination with non-specific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) or a NO precursor (L-arginine). Antidepressant-like activity of pioglitazone was evaluated in the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, the open field test was done to evaluate the locomotor activity of mice following different treatments.
Results: OVX mice demonstrated a major increase in immobility time versus sham therapy following procedure (P≤0.05). Mice were injected with 40 mg/kg pioglitazone Intraperitoneally, 4 h before the behavioral test, exhibited marked antidepressant-like effects in OVX mice (P≤0.01, P≤0.05 in FST and TST, respectively). Co-administration of sub-effective dose of L-NAME (2 mg/kg) with a sub-effective dose of pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) resulted in a strong antidepressant-like effect in OVX mice (P≤0.01), whereas L-arginine inhibited this effect. The various treatments did not change the total locomotion of mice in OFT.
Methods: The present study was conducted experimentally on female NMRI mice from April to December 2019 at the Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Female mice were subjected to bilaterally ovariectomy, and various doses of pioglitazone (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) were administered either alone or in combination with non-specific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) or a NO precursor (L-arginine). Antidepressant-like activity of pioglitazone was evaluated in the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, the open field test was done to evaluate the locomotor activity of mice following different treatments.
Results: OVX mice demonstrated a major increase in immobility time versus sham therapy following procedure (P≤0.05). Mice were injected with 40 mg/kg pioglitazone Intraperitoneally, 4 h before the behavioral test, exhibited marked antidepressant-like effects in OVX mice (P≤0.01, P≤0.05 in FST and TST, respectively). Co-administration of sub-effective dose of L-NAME (2 mg/kg) with a sub-effective dose of pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) resulted in a strong antidepressant-like effect in OVX mice (P≤0.01), whereas L-arginine inhibited this effect. The various treatments did not change the total locomotion of mice in OFT.
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Conclusion: Antidepressant-like effects of pioglitazone may be associated with inhibition of the NO synthase/NO in OVX mice and provided a new strategy for depression.
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Investigating the frequency of anterograde amnesia after endoscopy with midazolam as a premedication
Mehrdad Sayadinia, Seyed Mohamad Seyed Mirzayi , Majid Vatankhah, Mehrdad Malekshoar, Tayyebeh Zarei, Bibi Mona Razavi,
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background: Endoscopy is a common medical procedure that often involves the administration of sedative agents to ensure patient comfort and cooperation. Midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, is commonly used as a premedication for its anxiolytic and amnestic properties. Despite its widespread use, there is limited research specifically assessing the occurrence of anterograde amnesia, a potential side effect associated with midazolam administration during endoscopic procedures. Understanding the frequency of this adverse effect is crucial for optimizing patient safety and procedural outcomes.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study After obtaining approval and ethical clearance, patients eligible for endoscopy at Bandar Abbas Shahid Mohammadi Hospital were included in the study. They received 2mg midazolam intravenously before the procedure, followed by propofol for anesthesia maintenance. A memory test involving personal details was conducted before and after the procedure to assess progressive amnesia. Additionally, patients were asked about the procedure 5 minutes before discharge.
Results: 342 endoscopy candidates participated, with an average age of 46.77 years, over half being men. Less than a quarter had a diploma. Average endoscopy time was 2.96 minutes, mostly ASA class 2. Recall scores after midazolam injection and endoscopy were 5.22 and 2.87, respectively. Post-graduate education showed a significant difference in midazolam amnesia. No significant gender difference was observed. Longer endoscopy duration correlated with decreased recall scores. ASA class 2 patients had lower post-endoscopy recall scores than ASA class 1. Recall scores decreased with age, with the highest in the 19-29 age range, a statistically significant finding.
Conclusion: This study In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the factors influencing midazolam anterograde amnesia. Key findings include a significant association between higher education levels, particularly post-graduate education, and increased recall scores after midazolam injection. Gender did not show a significant impact on midazolam amnesia, but the duration of endoscopy played a crucial role. Additionally, patients in ASA class 2 exhibited lower recall scores than those in class 1, highlighting the influence of overall health status. Age also emerged as a factor, with the youngest age group showing the highest recall scores after endoscopy. These findings contribute to our understanding of factors affecting midazolam-induced amnesia during endoscopy procedures.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study After obtaining approval and ethical clearance, patients eligible for endoscopy at Bandar Abbas Shahid Mohammadi Hospital were included in the study. They received 2mg midazolam intravenously before the procedure, followed by propofol for anesthesia maintenance. A memory test involving personal details was conducted before and after the procedure to assess progressive amnesia. Additionally, patients were asked about the procedure 5 minutes before discharge.
Results: 342 endoscopy candidates participated, with an average age of 46.77 years, over half being men. Less than a quarter had a diploma. Average endoscopy time was 2.96 minutes, mostly ASA class 2. Recall scores after midazolam injection and endoscopy were 5.22 and 2.87, respectively. Post-graduate education showed a significant difference in midazolam amnesia. No significant gender difference was observed. Longer endoscopy duration correlated with decreased recall scores. ASA class 2 patients had lower post-endoscopy recall scores than ASA class 1. Recall scores decreased with age, with the highest in the 19-29 age range, a statistically significant finding.
Conclusion: This study In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the factors influencing midazolam anterograde amnesia. Key findings include a significant association between higher education levels, particularly post-graduate education, and increased recall scores after midazolam injection. Gender did not show a significant impact on midazolam amnesia, but the duration of endoscopy played a crucial role. Additionally, patients in ASA class 2 exhibited lower recall scores than those in class 1, highlighting the influence of overall health status. Age also emerged as a factor, with the youngest age group showing the highest recall scores after endoscopy. These findings contribute to our understanding of factors affecting midazolam-induced amnesia during endoscopy procedures.
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