Showing 74 results for RK
Noorbakhsh S, Shekarabi M, Kalbasi Z, Tabatabaei A, Tonekaboni H, Afsharkhas L, Vafaei-Shahi M,
Volume 68, Issue 5 (6 2010)
Abstract
Background: M. pneumoniae infection in children is usual and diagnosis of its neurologic complications for rapid treatment is very important. To compare the CSF- M. pneumoniae antibody level between febrile children with acute neurologic signs (Menigoencephalitis, Guillan Barre Syndrome (GBS), Transverse myelitis, Ataxia and so on) with unaffected ones.
Methods: A cross sectional/ case control study in pediatric wards of Rasoul-e-Akram & Mofid hospitals (2007-2009) was done. The amount of Specific M. pneumoniae IgG (ELISA) antibody level determined in CSF of 55 cases and in 10 controls. Chi square values (CI 95%, p< 0.05) calculated for all categorical variables. Sensitivity specificity Positive Predictive Value (PPV) Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of CSF antibody level determined by using the Area under the ROC Curve.
Results: Cases (n= 55) aged between five month to 13 years with mean age of 3.84±3.43 years. Area Under Curve (AUC) in ROC was 0.876 (%95 CI, 0.78- 0.96 p< 0.0001). Cut off level for antibody was 0.0025 with 73% sensitivity 90% specificity 100% PPV 28.8% NPV. CSF antibody level had significant difference between cases and controls [0.08± 0.26 Versus 0.001± 0.001 p: 0.02] It had poor agreement between cases and controls (Kappa= 0.27). Lowest amount seen in cases with aseptic meningitis highest amount observed in cases with GBS and cases with focal neurologic signs.
Conclusion: The presence of very low amount (0.0025) of M. pneumoniae antibody in CSF of febrile children with acute neurologic signs had 70% sensitivity and 90% specificity 100% PPV but had low (28.8%) NPV. M. pneumoniae would be a rare cause in cases with aseptic meningitis. Finding the M. pneumoniae-DNAs in CSF are not so frequent (2%) but in high suspicious cases adding this test to determining the CSF antibody level might be helpful.
Hemayatkar M, Davoudi N, Davami F, Majidzadeh-A K, Barkhordari F, Mahboudi F,
Volume 68, Issue 11 (4 2011)
Abstract
Background: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is one of the most important thrombolytic agentsused in patients with vascular occlusions such as acute ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction. A variety of recombinant
protein expression systems have been developed for heterologous gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts. In recent years, Leishmania tarentolae (L. tarentolae), a non-pathogenic trypanosomatid protozoa, has come under consideration because of its safety and immunogenicity as a vaccine vector and special attributes in the expression of complex proteins. This study was done to improve rt-PA expression in this protozoon and create the opportunity for the replacement of rt-PA gene with other genes for the production of other complex proteins.
Methods: Two expression cassettes were used for the integration of two copies of t-PA cDNA, one copy in each cassette, into the parasite genome by electroporation. The transformed clones were selected by antibiotic resistancy. The expression of active secreted rt-PA was confirmed by Western blot analysis and Chromolize assay.
Results: Appearance of a 64 kD band in nitrocellulose membrane in the Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of full-length rt-PA in the culture media. Chromolize assay showed the expression levels of active recombinant t-PA in single and double transfected L. tarentolae clones- 375 IU/ml and 480 IU/ml of the culture media,respectively.
Conclusion: The produced rt-PA in the culture media containing the transfected cells
was at least seven times higher than what has been reported in previous studies on L. tarentolae or on some other eukaryotic systems.
Abbasi Larki R, Seifi S, Lesan Pezeshki M,
Volume 68, Issue 11 (4 2011)
Abstract
Background: Prohepcidin, a liver-derived peptide with antimicrobial properties, is regulated by factors such as iron load and inflammation. Hepcidin is a central player in iron homeostasis. It downregulates the iron exporter ferroportin, thereby inhibiting iron absorption, release and recycling. Thus, prohepcidin increases the possibility of iron-limited erythropoiesis and development of anemia. In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), plasma hepcidin levels are elevated, which may contribute to iron deficiency in these patients. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between prohepcidin and serum biochemical parameters related to anemia and inflammation in the aforesaid patients.
Methods: Fifty-four stable patients with uremia who were on chronic hemodialysis were enrolled in the study. The patients were withheld from intravenous iron two weeks prior to laboratory measurements. Later, (total) prohepcidin was measured by ELISA method as were other parameters including serum iron, TIBC, TSAT, Hct, ferritin, albumin, CRP, ESR, cholesterol and triglyceride.
Results: Serum prohepcidin levels were higher than normal values in the patients, but they were not correlated to the serum iron, TIBC, TSAT, Hct, ferritin, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride (p>0.05). No significant association were also found with ESR (p=0.97, r= -0.005) or CRP (p=0.053, r =0.26).
Conclusion: Serum prohepcidin level was higher in chronic hemodialysis patients but it was not predictive of iron status or inflammatory conditions in these patients. Confirmation of these results may necessitate studies with larger sample sizes or measurement of the biologically active form of hepcidin.
Khanlarkhani N, Atlasi Ma, Ragerdi Kashani I, Naderian H, Taherian Aa, Nikzad H,
Volume 69, Issue 2 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have noticeable self-renewal ability and can differentiate into several cell lines such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and myocytes. Progesterone plays a significant role in the myelination of peripheral nerves. Regarding the role of progesterone on the myelination of peripheral nervous system, we evaluated its effects on the in-vitro expression of P0, S100 and Krox20 mRNA in adipose-derived stem cells.
Methods: In this experimental study, rat adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from the inguinal region of the animals and were evaluated by flow cytometry before culture. In preinduction phase, the cells were sequentially treated with various factors such as β- mercaptoethanol and all-trans-retinoic acid, followed by different induction mixtures. The cells were divided into four groups including two control groups (receiving either fibroblast and platelet derived-growth factors, or fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived-growth factor, forskolin and heregulin) and two experimental groups (receiving either fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived-growth factor, forskolin and progesterone, or fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived-growth factor, heregulin and progesterone). Expression of Schwann cell markers, S-100, P0 and Krox20 mRNA, was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.
Results: ADSCs expressed CD90, CD73, and CD31 but showed lack of CD45, and VEGFR2 expression. After the induction stage, S-100, P0 and Krox20 mRNA were expressed in the progesterone receiving experimental groups, but expression of S-100 and Krox20 mRNA were less than the control group which was receiving forskolin and heregulin (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Progesterone can promote the in-vitro expression of S-100, P0, and Krox20
genes in adipose-derived stem cells
Mesbah F, Bahri A, Ghasemi E, Talaei Khozani T, Mirkhani H, Parsanezhad Me,
Volume 69, Issue 3 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of
anovulatory infertility. Metformin which is effectively used for the treatment of anovulatory PCOS improves pregnancy rate and endometrial receptivity and reduces the risk of miscarriage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of metformin on the endometrium, the number of fetuses and hormonal levels of PCOS rats.
Methods: Forty female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly into four equal groups. Group I: control rats, group II: rats receiving metformin (150 mg/kg/day), group III: Estradiol Valerate-induced PCOS rats (4 mg/rat) and group IV: induced PCOS rats receiving metformin. Body weight and serum levels of glucose, LH, FSH, testosterone, progesterone and estradiol were measured. Following mating, each group was divided into two subgroups and the rats were sacrificed on the 5th and 15th day of gestation to evaluate endometrial reaction to implantation and fetus count, respectively. Results: Hormone assay showed a significant increase in testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH and blood glucose levels in group III compared to the controls (P≤0.01) and a significant decrease in blood glucose in group IV versus group III (P≤0.01). Progesterone concentration had no significant differences between groups III and the controls. Weight was higher in group III than group I but it had no decrease after metformin administration. No significant differences were detected regarding implantation rate and number of fetuses in all rats.
Conclusion: Metformin has significant effects on pregnancy rate and the hormonal and blood glucose levels of Estradiol Valerate-induced PCOS rats.
Pournaghi P, Sadrkhanlou R, Hasanzadeh Sh, Farshid Aa,
Volume 69, Issue 6 (6 2011)
Abstract
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Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting the whole body systems including the
female reproductive organs. Moreover, diabetes is an important cause of
infertility. Metformin is commonly used to control hyperglycemia in patients
with diabetes. This study was done to evaluate the ultrastructural changes of
ovarian follicles in diabetic rats and their response to metformin.
Methods: Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley female rats (170-210
g) were studied in three groups (Control, diabetic and metformin-treated rats).
In the second and third groups, diabetes was induced by injection of
streptozotocin (45 mg/kg).
The rats in the third group were later treated by metformin monohydrochloride
(100 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, rats
were sacrificed and their right ovaries were observed under transmission
electron microscope. Quantitative data were analyzed by student t-test in SAS
software.
Results: In comparison with the control group, significant decreases in zona pellucida
thickness and the mean number of microvilli were observed (respectively, P<0.01
and P<0.001) in diabetic rats. Significant
decreases in zona pellucida thickness were also observed in metformin-treated
rats (P<0.05) but changes in the number of
microvilli were non-significant. The number of organelles in oocyte cytoplasm
was higher and they were natural or natural-looking in metformin-treated rats
versus the diabetic ones. Reduction in the number of mitochondria and their
ballooning cristae were of the most noticeable changes in diabetic rats.
Conclusion: Diabetes
decreases the number of microvilli and oocyte organelles and diminishes zona
pellucida thickness leading to structural changes in the organelles but
metformin could improve the aforesaid conditions.
Rahbarimanesh A, Saberi H, Modarres Gilani Sh, Salamati P, Akhtarkhavari H, Haghshenas Z,
Volume 69, Issue 8 (6 2011)
Abstract
Background: Acute gastroenteritis is a major cause of
morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries.
Rotaviruses are recognized as the most common etiologic factors of
gastroenteritis. In this study, we determined the epidemiologic
features, clinical symptoms and molecular structure of rotavirus VP4(P)
genotypes in children with acute diarrhea in Bahrami Hospital in Tehran
Iran, during 2009 for justifying the routine use of rotavirus vaccines
in children.
Methods: One hundred fifty fecal samples from
150 children with acute diarrhea in Bahrami Pediatric Hospital in
Tehran, Iran were collected from January to December 2009. The patients’
mean age was 20.90+18.19 years (ranging from 1 month to 14 years).
Fecal samples were transported on ice to the laboratory of virology
department of Pasture Institute of Iran. The demographic and clinical
data for each case were entered in an author-devised questionnaire.
Group A rotavirus was detected by dsRNA-PAGE. Subsequently, rotavirus
genotyping (VP4) was performed by semi-nested multiple RT-PCR and the
phylogenetic tree of the Rotavirus nucleotides was constructed. The data
were analyzed by statistical tests including Wilcoxon signed and
Mann-Whitney U.
Results: Rotavirus was isolated in 19.3% of the
samples, more than 90% of which had long RNA patterns. The predominant
genotype (VP4) was P[8] (86%) and other genotypes respectively were P[6]
(6.9%) and P[4] (6.9%).
Conclusion: A high prevalence of the P[8]
genotype was found to be the cause of acute diarrhea. The analysis of
P[8] genotype sequence showed a high level of similarity of the virus in
this study with those of other Asian countries.
Soltan Dallal Mm, Nikkhahi F, Khirkhah A, Molaei S, Hosseyni Sk, Rastegar Lari A, Rahimi Foroushani A, Khoshzaban A, Kalafi Z,
Volume 69, Issue 10 (5 2012)
Abstract
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Background: Human
amniotic membrane (HAM) forms the inner wall of the membranous sac that surrounds and
protects the embryo during gestation.
The main advantages of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in the treatment of bacterial
keratitis are its epithelial bandage properties. Previous studies have
documented the presence of some antimicrobial proteins and peptides in amniotic
fluid such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, bactericidal or permeability increasing
protein, calprotectin (MRP8/14 protein complex), LL37, and neutrophil defensins (Human Neutrophil Peptides, HNP
1-3). Furthermore, the amniotic membrane does
not express HLA-A, B, C or DR surface antigens, which may help avoid rejection after its transplantation.
Thus, it can be used as a biological immune barrier. The purpose of this study was
to evaluate the effectiveness of the amniotic membrane's healing properties in
rabbits with pseudomonas keratitis.
Methods : By using an animal model, 14 rabbits were divided into two groups of controls and cases. A syringe was used to inoculate
the corneal stroma of the animals by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. After 20 hours
pseudomonas keratitis was created and amniotic membrane was transplanted to the
cornea of the case group. The infiltration size were observed on the first, third
and seventh days after the experiment.
Results : Corneal perforation was seen in the controls (P<0.001) but amniotic membrane
prevented perforation in the case group (P=0.02).
Conclusion: Transplantation of
amniotic membrane in the primary stages of pseudomonas keratitis treatment remarkably
prevents corneal perforation and it can be used to control the disease process.
Kaseb Mh, Mirkarimi Sh, Saberi S,
Volume 69, Issue 10 (5 2012)
Abstract
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Background: Anterior
knee pain is one of the most common complaints of patients in orthopedic
clinics. The first step in the treatment of this problem is conservative
treatment which includes administration of anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise
and changes in life style. Many patients respond well to these measures in
about six months, but a small number of patients may not respond to the conservative
treatment therefore, surgical procedures such as Maquet osteotomy or lateral
retinacular release may be needed in these cases. The aim of this study was to
determine the efficacy of intraosseous drilling and decompression of patella in
the treatment of chronic anterior knee pain.
Methods : This study was performed as a case series on ten patients with
chronic anterior knee pain attending the Orthopedic Clinic of Imam Khomeini
Hospital, in Tehran, Iran in 2009-2010. Eight of the patients were male and the rest were female. The
patients met the inclusion criteria and were followed up for at least 12 months after the surgery.
Results : The mean age of the patients was 27.8±4.66 yr and their mean BMI was 22.5±1.71 kg/m2. The mean pain severity before the interventions
was 8.2±0.78 based on VAS but it decreased to 2.5±1.26 post-surgically. An average
reduction of 5.7 scores were noticed in pain severity depicting a significant
reduction of pain (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: It may be concluded
that intraosseous drilling and decompression of patella is a safe and effective
method in the treatment of chronic anterior knee pain not responding to
conservative treatment.
Barkhordari Asgar, Hassanzadeh Taghi, Saidijam Masoud, Esmaeili Rasoul, Paoli Max,
Volume 69, Issue 12 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Hypercholesterolemia is considered a major risk factor for pancreatitis, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms are known to be associated with changes in lipid levels. We investigated the association between a polymorphism in the CETP gene (D442G) with plasma lipid levels and CETP activity in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Methods: This case/control study that be done in Hamadan university of medical sciences (from October 2008 to September 2009), included 102 patients with hypercholesterolemia and 200 healthy individuals. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to determine genotypic distribution and allelic frequencies of polymorphisms. The plasma CETP activity was measured by a kit in a fluorescence spectrometer. Lipid concentrations were measured by routine biochemical and enzymatic assays.
Results: Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity was significantly higher in the cases than the controls (P<0.05). The genotypic and allelic frequencies for this polymorphism were not statistically different between the patients with hypercholesterolemia and the controls (in controls: DD 96%, DG 4%, GG 0% and in cases: DD 86%, DG 10%, GG 4%), (P>0.05). Plasma HDL-C, LDL-C and TC were higher in both groups with GG and DG genotypes than with DD genotype, whereas serum CETP activity was lower in GG genotype compared with other genotypes (GD or DD), (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that D442G polymorphism of CETP gene was associated with changes in lipid profile and plasma CETP activity in the selected population and it might have a role in contributing to a genetic risk for developing coronary artery disease.
Khoshnevisan Alireza, Mirkoohi Maryam, Arjipour Mehdi,
Volume 70, Issue 3 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: Intracranial lipomas are rare benign neoplasms that comprise 1% of all primary brain tumors. Generally, occur in midline structure and usually identified incidentally on CT scans or in autopsies. The incidence of intracranial lipomas is about 0.08 to 0.46% on autopsies. These benign lesions are slow-growing, usually asymptomatic and rarely require surgery.
Case Presentation: We report a 20 years old male who complained of headache since two years ago. On CT examination, a quadrigeminal cistern lipoma without any pressure effect on neural structures demonstrated. His headache remitted with conservative measures. Here, we have a review on the literature and explain CT scan and MRI findings.
Conclusion: According to the literature and present case, it seems that direct surgical excision of tumor is not justified in the majority of cases and symptoms of patients greatly respond to conservative measures and, at most, in cases of hydrocephalus, CSF shunting relieves their symptoms.
Hassanzadeh T, Barkhordari A,
Volume 70, Issue 7 (6 2012)
Abstract
Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia are major risk factors for the disease. Considering the role of hyperlipidemia as the underlying cause of cardiovascular mortalities and morbidities, and the limited and conflicting results of studies on CETP gene polymorphisms in Iran, we aimed to study -971 G/A polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein gene in patients with primary hyperlipidemia.
Methods: In this case-control study performed in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (from May 2010 to April 2011), we recruited 200 patients with primary hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol >250 mg/dl and/or triglyceride >200 mg/dl) as the cases and 200 healthy individuals with normal cholesterol and triglyceride as the control group. Gene segments were replicated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and -971 G/A polymorphism genotypes were identified by RFLP technique. Subsequently, plasma CETP activity was measured enzymeatically by a kit in a fluorescence spectrometer.
Results: The allele and genotype frequencies were not significantly different (P>0.05) between the two groups (in the control group: AA 24%, GA 47% and GG 28.5% and in the case group: AA 18%, GA 51% and GG 31%). In the case group, homozygous individuals with A alleles (AA genotype) had greater cholesterol and HDL-c concentrations than those with other alleles (GG and GA). In both cases and controls, individuals with AA genotype had lower CETP concentrations.
Conclusion: We conclude that -971 G/A polymorphism in CETP gene promoter can affect lipid profile and alter CETP activity.
Sh Savad, P Mehdipor, H Shirdast, L Nekoohesh, L Nekoohesh, R Shirkoohi, V Nikoui, M Miryounesi, Mh Modaresi,
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5 2013)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Non-coding RNAs especially miRNAs have important regulatory roles in cancer. MiRNAs are 21-24 nucleotides which have different levels of expression between tumors and normal tissues. In this study, we have analyzed expression level of miR-520d in three different groups of breast cancer.
Methods: Fifty nine samples were divided into different groups according to their immunohistochemistry (IHC) classification: estrogen receptor (ER) positive and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive group (as group I) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive group (as group II) and Triple negative group (as group III). After small RNA extraction from tissues, cDNAs were synthesized and Real time RT-PCR carried out using DNA binding dye. Expression levels were analyzed by LinRegPCR and REST software.
Results: MiR-520d under- expressed in all of three different groups. The expression ratio in groups I ,II, and III were 0.193, 0.167, 0.21, respectively, but only the result from group II was significant (P=0.017). According to the different clinicopathological status of breast cancer, miR-520d underexpressed significantly not only in patients with metastatic lymph node (P=0.019) but also in patients which have cancer at stage III (P=0.036).
Conclusion: In this study, we found that miR-520d possibly acts as a tumor suppressor. It may be useful for diagnosis of tumor from normal tissue. In addition, miR-520d significantly underexpressed in HER-2 positive group of breast cancers. Therefore, it may be useful as an additional diagnostic test in this group of breast tumors along with other biomarkers.
Sadegh Saberi Saberi , Amir Sobhani Eraghi , Mahmood Farzan , Hossein Safar-Ali Farkhani , Shirin Mardookhpour , Mahmood Mirzaaghapour ,
Volume 71, Issue 11 (February 2014)
Abstract
Background: Rotational deformity after intramedullary nailing is a well-known complication. Femoral malrotation is the most common form of mal::::union:::: but it is underrecognized in part because of the difficulty in accurately assessing rotation as well as the variation that exists in normal anatomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate femoral malrotation following intramedullary nailing of the femur.
Methods: We studied 70 patients who had referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital and had undergone antegrade intramedullary fixation for isolated femoral shaft fracture during 3-year period from 2008 to 2011. Inclusion criteria including isolated femoral shaft fracture that had undergone antegrade intramedullary nailing. Exclusion criteria including spontaneous ipsilateral tibial fracture or pelvic fracture, contralateral femoral fracture, femoral fracture that had fixed using plate or external fixator or retrograde intramedullary nailing. During operation, the patients were assessed clinically for rotational deformity and then in the postoperative follow-up period, degree of rotation was identified with CT scan. Postoperative computed tomography measurements of rotation were compared with the opposite side.
Results: There were 70 patients, 56 men and 14 women. The average age of the patients was 28.21±14.39 patients (55/7%) had external rotation and 31 patients (44/3%) had internal rotation. The mean of malrotation degree in physical examination was 4/67 and The mean of malrotation degree in CT scan was 7. Degree of malrotation deformity, less of 5º, 5 to 10º and 10 to 15º was less of 8.6%, 75.7% and 15.7% respectively. Degree of malrotation didn’t relate to age, sex, fracture location and activity of the patients (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Rotational deformity in 28% of the patients was equal to more 15º. This complication didn’t relate to fracture location. The patients with external rotation deformity had more symptoms than the patients with internal rotational deformity but there isn’t significant relation in this study.
Roghayyeh Borji , Mohammad Reza Khatami, Mohammad Reza Abbasi , Alipasha Meysamie , Khosro Barkhordari , Farah Ayatollah Esfahani, Mina Pashang, Laleh Ghadirian ,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (March 2014)
Abstract
Background: The mortality due to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) in patients with chronic renal failure is more common than normal population. This study evalu-ates the impacts of prophylactic dialysis on decreasing mortality and morbidity of non- dialysis-dependent patients with renal failure after CABG surgery.
Methods: In this study, fifty non-dialysis-dependent patients who were suffering from renal failure and needed to CABG, were selected by convenience sampling method. Se-quentially, they were allocated to prophylactic dialysis (n=20) and no prophylactic dialysis (n=30) groups, using a randomized block design. Exclusion criteria were under 18 year old patients and doing CABG for second time. Mortality rate and some complications such as acute renal failure, brain accident and atrial arrhythmias were compared between two groups after CABG. All cardiac surgeries were performed in a single centre and through a median sternotomy. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The mean age of patients was (65.3±9.9). The patients included %16 (n.8) of women and %84 (n.42) of men. There were 20 patients in intervention and 30 patients in control groups. Baseline characteristics were similar in two groups. Comparison be-tween intervention and control groups after surgery did not show any difference in mortality (P=0.14), acute renal failure (P=0.4), cerebrovascular accidents (P=1) and atrial arrhythmias (P=0.3), need to second surgery due to bleeding (P=1), need to dialysis (P=0.14), need to rehospitalization (P=1), duration of ventilator use (P=0.4), duration of need to hospitalization (P=0.11), duration of a patients stay in the Intensive Care Unit (P=0.4) and deep sternal infection (P=0.7) rates.
Conclusion: According the results of this study, prophylactic dialysis, before conduct-ing CABG, does not have any significant effect on mortality and other complications. The only exception is lung complications in non-dialysis-dependent patients with renal failure.
Shahla Afsharpaiman , Amir Skandari , Zareian Jahromi Maryam , Shokoofeh Radfar , Shahnaz Shirbazoo , Susan Amirsalari , Mohammad Torkaman ,
Volume 72, Issue 2 (May 2014)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii, is a mandatory intracellular protozoa, that many people worldwide are infected with. In children, the infection enters central nervous system and leads to inflammation of the gray matter. Autism, is a complex develop-mental disorder, altering social communication, with unknown origin. Neuropathologi-cal changes in autism are the same as those occurred in brain toxoplasmosis. The objective of this survey was to evaluate positive serology of toxoplasma gondii, in autistic children.
Methods: This case-control study was done on 3-12 years old children, referring to the neurology and psychiatry sub-special clinics of Baqiyatallah hospital and also autistic children of Omid-e Asr and Navid-e Asr general rehabilitation centers in Tehran, Iran. The study performed at 2012-2013. Forty autistic children were placed in the case group and 40 children, suffering from no neuropsychiatric disease or other ones, were placed in the control group. A folder, containing demographic data, type of the disor-der, onset of diagnosis and child characteristics at birth, such as time of birth (preterm/ term) fulfilled for each child. Sampling was done with 5 ml blood, for determining IgM and IgG antibody levels against toxoplasma gondii, using ELISA method. Data ana-lyzed by the software SPSS ver. 17 and descriptive and analytic analysis were done, us-ing central and dispersion indexes and also chi-Square test.
Results: The autistic group contained 34 boys and 6 girls (85 and 15 percent respectively), with the average age of 6 (±2.71) years old [minimum of 2.33 and maximum of 12]. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 4.01 (±1.87) years old. 87. The non-autistic group contained 17 boys and 23 girls (42.5 and 57.5 percent respectively), with the average age of 5.67 (±3.09) years old [minimum of two and maximum of 12]. IgM and IgG serology of all autistic children were negative, while in non-autistic group, 2.5 percent (1 child) were positive and 97.5 percent (39 ones) were negative. There were no statistically significant difference among these two groups according to the serology results.
(P=0.31).
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in comparing positive se-rology of toxoplasmosis, between the two groups. However, to obtain a perfect result, a larger sample size are required.
Mehdi Mohebi , Khalil Pourkhalili , Mahnaz Kesmati , Samad Akbarzadeh , Zahra Akbari ,
Volume 72, Issue 3 (June 2014)
Abstract
Background: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are mainly abused by athletes for improvement of muscle performance. Data suggest that the effect of AAS on neurobiochemicals related to behavioral response, may be underlies psychological adverse effects. Physical activity has beneficial psychophysiological effects, which may be related to increased serum levels of endogenous opioid peptides during exercise. In the present study we aimed to study the effect of chronic administration of nandrolone decanoate on beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin level in exercising rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned in two main groups of sedentary and trained (2 weeks swimming exercise). Animals in each group were divided in two subgroups of control (received nandrolone solvent) and drug treatment (received nandrolone 15 mg/kg, 5 times/week). After two weeks of swimming exercise and drug treatment, serum levels of beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin were measured using ELIZA.
Results: Our data showed that two weeks of swimming exercise training significantly increased serum beta-endorphin (114±5 vs. 98±5 ng/l in control group, P= 0.038) and met-enkephalin levels (1556±42 vs. 1475±27 ng/l in control group, P= 0.25). However, chronic administration of nandrolone decanoate in trained group considerably de-creased beta-endorphin (84±4 vs. 114±5 ng/l in control group, P= 0.002) and met-enkephalin levels (1378±36 vs. 1556±42 ng/l in control group, P= 0.011). The effect of supraphysiologic doses of nandrolone decanoate in control sedentary group was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: In the present study we show that chronic nandrolone decanoate admin-istration attenuates effects of two weeks swimming exercise on serum opioid peptide and reduces the level of beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin. Keeping in mind that opi-oidergic system play an important role in behavior, athletes abusing anabolic steroid drugs may potentially experience changes in mood and behavior.
Reza Yazdani , Mazdak Ganjalikhani Hakemi, Roya Sherkat , Abbas Rezaei , Rahim Farahani , Behrouz Beiranvand ,
Volume 72, Issue 9 (December 2014)
Abstract
Background: Asthma as an airway disease is identified by increase network respon-siveness of the trachea and bronchus to a specific stimulus. Th17 cells through produc-tion of IL-17 have important role in inflammation and autoimmune diseases .In some studies has been shown which IL-17 as major cytokine of Th17 probably has im-portant role in the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma.
Methods: Total mRNA extracted from whole blood samples and sputum of 23 asthma patients and 23 normal controls. Then, total RNA was converted into cDNA according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Finally, the transcript levels of IL-17 were quanti-fied by the real-time quantitative PCR. Twenty-three patients with asthma were diag-nosed and selected according to the global initiative for asthma (GINA) and none of the patients had taken the medication at least three week before sampling. Healthy in-dividuals did not have any history of allergy, asthma and other inflammatory diseases at the time of sampling. All of experiments have done in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran during May to February, 2013.
Results: This study showed a significant increase in transcript levels of IL-17 in the blood (287±79 versus 1/18±0/13) and sputum samples of the patients (64±28 versus 0/9±0/1) in comparison with normal individuals (P= 0.000, P= 0.029 respectively). It al-so revealed that the expression levels of the cytokines in the serum samples of the asthmatics were significantly more than their levels in patient’s sputum samples (P= 0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the cytokines expression levels in serum samples and sputum samples of the controls (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, we showed which the expression of IL-17 was increased in serum and sputum of asthmatic patients compared to healthy controls, this could re-sult in elevation of neutrophils population and activation of pulmonary neutrophil.
Fatemeh Ganjzadeh , Reza Shirkoohi ,
Volume 73, Issue 1 (April 2015)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world after lung cancer also is the fifth cause of cancer mortality. About 90 percent of cancer mortality is because of metastasis and devastating between cell attachments, especially tight cell junctions. Epithelial mesenchymal transition is a phenomena involved in metastasis and starts with cell detachment. Occludin is the integral membrane protein which is located in tight junctions. Obviously distressing tight junction, which facilitates the stages of metastasis in cancer cells are very critical step. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the importance of occludin expression and its relationship with invasiveness in human breast cancer. Methods: In a cross sectional study we evaluated 30 patients who were referred to Caner Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran, from March 2013 to April 2013. Samples were derived from fresh frozen tumor of patients suffering from breast cancer after inform consent assignment in the Tumor Bank of Iran (TBI). RNA was extracted from tumor tissue followed by reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), conventional Real-time PCR and data analysis for the occludin gene expression. Data were analyzed based on clinical staging of breast cancer patients which were cited in data bank of TBI. Results: Results of this study have demonstrated that the occludin gene expression was increased with the advanced stage. In 22 of patients the expression of gene was elevated compared with normal samples. On the other hand, the expression was significantly increased in stage II in comparison with stage I. Conclusion: The expression of occludin has increased by elevation of stage compared with normal tissue. It is suggested that alteration in the expression of this gene might be a possible factor which could affect on patient’s prognosis the same as other factors which are belonging to the same family. Increasing in expression of this gene might be considered as one of the possible markers which predict the possibility of invasion and metastasis.
Jalal Moludi , Seyedali Keshavarz , Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad, Abas Rahimi Frooshani , Ali Sadeghpour , Sajad Salarkia , Farhad Gholizadeh ,
Volume 73, Issue 2 (May 2015)
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia after cardiac surgery. AF leads to longer duration of hospitalization, thromboembolism, and impaired hemodynamics after heart surgery. One of the most important causes of postoperative AF, inflammation, and oxidative stress status. For this reason, it is useful to control the dysrhythmia. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) as an antioxidant that has an important role in reducing the incidence of postoperative AF. The present study aimed at administering CoQ10 as a way to reduce the incidence of post-CABG atrial fibrillation.
Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled trial study, 80 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center from April to November 2014, randomized are divided into intervention and control groups to receive placebo or CoQ10 The surgical characteristics of the patients in two groups were similar. The intervention group will receive the oral CoQ10 supplement 150 mg/d for 7 days before surgery. After operation two groups were compared regarding important outcomes such as postoperative arrhythmia, intensive care unite (ICU) stay and hospital stay. Atrial arrhythmias are considered significant If more than 10 minutes duration atrial and with a shorter duration of arrhythmia, but with recurrence again.
Results: Thirty-eight women and forty-two men with a mean age of 58.37±7.98 years were enrolled in the study in two CoQ10 and placebo groups (each consisting of 40 patients). The incidence of postoperative AF was 45% in the control group to 20% in the intervention group decreased after supplementation (P=0.030). ICU stay and length of in-hospital stay did not significant. The incidence of arrhythmias ventricular tachycardia (VT) and VF in this period was not significant (P=0.865).
Conclusion: Q10 supplements have low side effects. Due to the reduction in the incidence of AF in patients after, CABG, these supplements can be recommended for the prevention of AF.
