Search published articles
Showing 29 results for Uti
Pedarzadeh A, Kassaian S.e, Esfahanian F, Goudarzinejad H.r, Payedari N, Salarifar M, Hajizeinali A.m, Alidoosti M, Boroumand M.a,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Abstract
Background: Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of drug eluting stents (DES) in selected groups of patients with less complicated diabetes. We conducted this study to determine how an unselected group of diabetic patients in Iran fare following DES implantation.
Methods: Data were collected on 147 consecutive diabetic patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the implantation of at least one DES at the Tehran Heart Center from June 2003 to September 2005. Clinical follow-up was performed by timely scheduled visits at one, four and nine months following DES implantation. Nine months of follow-up was completed for 94.5% of the patients. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which include cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization (TVR). In-hospital complications were the secondary endpoint.
Results: A total of 158 coronary artery lesions were treated with DES in 147 diabetic patients (mean age = 56.4±8.92 years, 57.1% were men). During the nine-month follow-up, MACE occurred in 3.4% of patients, with a myocardial infarction rate of 1.4% and TVR rate of 1.4%. Considering one patient who underwent TVR due to acute stent thrombosis following angioplasty (during hospitalization) the total number of TVR reached 3 (2%). Only one patient (0.7%) died of cardiac death, which occurred after the procedure and before discharge. In-hospital complications occurred in six patients (4.1%) five patients suffered from myocardial infarction.
Conclusions: PCI with DES seems to be safe and effective in diabetic patients. However, more studies with larger study populations and longer follow-up are required to confirm this issue.
Golmohammadi T, Ansari M, Nikzamir A, Safary R, Elahi S,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Abstract
Background: Lead poisoning has proven to be one of the most important environmental health problems among developing countries with both direct and indirect effects on human life. Lead is known to cross the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and accumulates in soft and hard tissues. Lead can be excreted in urine, stool, milk, sweat, nails and saliva. During pregnancy and lactation, lead is released from bones into the blood along with Ca2+. The toxic effects of lead on various human tissues have been studied extensively, but few studies have addressed its impact on fetal development during pregnancy. Blood levels of lead are higher in people living in lead-polluted regions. It has been reported that Tehran (central and southern parts) is the most problematic city in terms of lead poisoning.
Methods: From 86 sets of mothers and newborns in a non-polluted area of rural Rasht, Iran, we examined specimens of maternal blood, cord blood and colostrum (86×3=258) and specimens from 85 sets of mothers and newborns in a polluted area of Tehran, Iran (85×3=255) for lead levels using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and analyzed the results by t-test, SPSS, and linear regression.
Results: The mean blood lead concentrations of mothers, cord blood of newborns and colostrum were 7.6±4.1, 5.9±3 and 4.2±2.5 μg/dl, respectively, in the non-polluted area and 9.1±8.4, 6.5±5.2 and 5.8±5.5 μg/dl, respectively, in the polluted area. The mean weights of the newborns in non-polluted and polluted areas were 3.2±0.5 kg and 3.2±4.5 kg, respectively.
Conclusions: Our data revealed an association between mean concentrations in blood lead of mothers and newborns and between mean concentrations of colostrum lead and newborn blood lead in both areas (p=0.01). There was no association between mean blood lead concentration of mothers with the weight of their newborns (p=0.89).
Khalili M B, Sharifi Yazdi M K, Ebadi M, Sadeh M,
Volume 65, Issue 9 (12-2007)
Volume 65, Issue 9 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background: The misdiagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) may lead to kidney deficiency and even pyelonephritis. Since different species may cause this disease, urine culture (UC) and antibiogram of the isolated species should be performed and results compared to urine analysis (UA) parameters to obtain the best diagnosis.
Methods: The urine specimens from 1509 patients (1195 women and 314 men) were processed for UA, UC and antibiogram. First of all, the sterile urine samples were cultured using differential media, including EMB and blood agar. After 24 hr incubation, the colonies were identified and differentiated by biochemical tests. Antibiograms for all isolated species were determined using Muller Hinton agar. All results obtained from this survey were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Of the 1509 samples, 986 (65.3%) were positive for pathogenic bacteria, 170 (17.2%) of which were from men and 816 (82.8%) from women. E. coli was the most prevalent with 591 cases (58.7%), followed by Enterobacter 115 (11.4%) and Klebsiella 88 (8.8%). Data analysis revealed that the correlations between the WBC, RBC, nitrite, crystal, and protein were significantly higher in culture-positive samples. Of the antibiotics tested, isolated species were most sensitive to amikacin and most resistant to ampicillin.
Conclusion: The present study revealed a correlation between pyuria and bacteruria however, it should be noted that the clinical signs and the presence of WBC in urine could not be used to confirm the UTI. In addition, since different bacterial species are able to cause UTI, in order to administer proper treatment while controlling improper use of antibiotics, thorough testing, including UA and UC together with antibiogram, is strongly recommended.
Mehraban D, Naderi G, Tahvildar S A,
Volume 66, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Volume 66, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Over the years, Trans Urethral Resection of Prostate (TURP), as a treatment modality for obstructing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), gained popularity throughout the world. It is considered the gold standard for the surgical management of BPH. However, there is not the same pattern in our country and open prostatectomy is more common. Specific evaluation should be done preoperatively. Cystoscopy is one of them that have special limited indications. The aim of this study was to define the rate of pathological findings in routine urethrocystoscopy before open prostatectomy.
Methods: In a prospective study from 2003 to 2005 in Dr Shariati hospital 120 patients prepared for open prostatectomy underwent routine cystoscopy, without absolute indications for cystoscopy.
Results: There was no special pathology observed in routine cystoscopy. The results of this study revealed that the mean of age in patients with meatal stricture was significantly lower than those without stricture (59.5±0.7 vs. 49.9±5.5 years, p=0.008). Also, the results of present study showed that in patients with meatal stricture serum creatinine level was significantly higher (2.2±1.34 vs. 1.2±0.42 mgr/dL, p=0.003). Furthermore, it was revealed that the mean of age in patients with bladder diverticulum was significantly higher compared with those without bladder diverticulum (76.3±3.1 vs. 68.4±4.9 years, p=0.001).
Conclusion: Routine cystoscopy is not necessary before open prostatectomy
Kashi Ah, Yadyad Mj, Hajiabdolbaghi M, Jafari S,
Volume 66, Issue 9 (12-2008)
Volume 66, Issue 9 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background: Behavioral Consultation Centers are the main organizations responsible for providing HIV/AIDS patients with services according to the Iranian Ministry of Health guidelines. In this study we assessed provision of these supposed services to Iranian HIV/AIDS patients referring to Behavioral Consultation Centers.
Methods: One hundred seventy one clinical files were selected by systematic random sampling from the files of all new HIV/AIDS patients accepted at Imam Khomeini behavioral consultation center who were registered during 2005-2006 and were followed for at least six months. Data were extracted from files and included consultation, vaccination, laboratory and treatment services.
Results: Family planning and HIV prevention methods consultation were performed for 32.5% and 2.29% of patients respectively. CD4 count was done for 69% of patients. 65.6% of patients who needed anti-retroviral treatment were given medication. Hepatitis B and Td vaccination were done for 21.7% and 3.5% of patients respectively. Coverage of pneumococal and influenza vaccinations was less than 5%. 79.5% of patients who needs tuberculosis prophylaxis were given medication. TB case finding was 14% during one year and the cure rate for patients under anti TB treatment were 95.8%.
Conclusion: Coverage of consultations and vaccination services are very low. Antiretroviral therapy coverage is intermediate. TB case finding and its cure rate are appropriate.
Hamid Ghaderi, Kourosh Shamimi, Fereydoon Moazzami, Seyed Hasan Emami Razavi, Ali Aminian, Seyed Mehdi Jalali, Reza Afghani, Morteza Noaparast, Seyyed Habibollah Dashti, Saeed Safari, Alireza Ahmadvand, Seyede Adeleh Mirjafari Daryasari, Fatemeh Sadat Naeemie,
Volume 68, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Volume 68, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-US
X-NONE
AR-SA
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: Appendicitis is more common during the second
and third decade of life and appendectomy scar is important in terms of
cosmetic issues. The scar is an important factor in the patient's satisfaction.
Conventional teaching has an emphasis on the closure of skin incision with
"separate" sutures. The aim of this study was to reconsider this dogma.
Methods: Among 321 patients with acute
appendicitis who came to the emergency unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in
Tehran, Iran since april 2007
till april 2008, 278 (86.6%) patients had
uncomplicated appendicitis and were enrolled in our clinical trial. The
patients were randomly assigned to two groups of interrupted suture closure (n=139) and subcuticular
suture closure (n=139). Anesthesia method and
surgical technique were similar between the two groups. All patients were
followed up post-operatively (four weeks) for the presence of infectious
drainage, pain, erythema, swelling and warmness at the surgical site.
Results: The patients' sex and
their mean age were not statistically different between the groups. There was
no significant difference in the frequency of surgical site complications between
the two groups (five cases in the "interrupted" group and eight cases in the
"subcuticular" group p=0.415).
Conclusion: This study showed that
appendectomy incision closure with subcuticular sutures did not increase the
risk of wound complications. From the point of better cosmetic outcome of
subcuticular sutures, this method may be the method of choice for the closure
of appendectomy incisions in uncomplicated appendicitis.
Peiman Haddad , Afsaneh Maddah Safaei , Armaghan Fard Esfahani ,
Volume 71, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Volume 71, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Bone is one of the most common sites of metastatic disease in malignancies. Many of the cases are asymptomatic and may be diagnosed in primary or secondary follow-up, but in symptomatic cases pain is the prominent symptom which is mostly exaggerated at nights. The improved survival of cancer patients with bony metastases in recent years, specially in breast and prostate cancer, has given a greater importance to the careful choice of treatments in this setting. This can lead to a better quality of life, lower treatment cost, prevention of disabilities, less delay in primary cancer therapies, and decrease of life-threatening events for the patients. Here we review the metastatic disease of the bone and its treatments, with emphasis on local and systemic radiation therapy. Current literature about bone metastasis and its treatments was reviewed through a search of available databases on internet for papers published in 1995-2013. Special attention was given to the research trials and studies performed by the authors on this setting. Treatment of bone metastases consist of analgesics, radiotherapy, surgery and bisphosphonates. Control of bone metastases is a challenging process, necessitating a multi-disciplinary approach and teamwork between the treating physicians. Radiotherapy is the most useful modality for this purpose in oncology, given both as a local and systemic therapy. We hope that this review would be able to help in choosing the best treatment option for this common palliative situation in Iranian cancer patients.
Shahla Afsharpaiman , Amir Skandari , Zareian Jahromi Maryam , Shokoofeh Radfar , Shahnaz Shirbazoo , Susan Amirsalari , Mohammad Torkaman ,
Volume 72, Issue 2 (5-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 2 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii, is a mandatory intracellular protozoa, that many people worldwide are infected with. In children, the infection enters central nervous system and leads to inflammation of the gray matter. Autism, is a complex develop-mental disorder, altering social communication, with unknown origin. Neuropathologi-cal changes in autism are the same as those occurred in brain toxoplasmosis. The objective of this survey was to evaluate positive serology of toxoplasma gondii, in autistic children. Methods: This case-control study was done on 3-12 years old children, referring to the neurology and psychiatry sub-special clinics of Baqiyatallah hospital and also autistic children of Omid-e Asr and Navid-e Asr general rehabilitation centers in Tehran, Iran. The study performed at 2012-2013. Forty autistic children were placed in the case group and 40 children, suffering from no neuropsychiatric disease or other ones, were placed in the control group. A folder, containing demographic data, type of the disor-der, onset of diagnosis and child characteristics at birth, such as time of birth (preterm/ term) fulfilled for each child. Sampling was done with 5 ml blood, for determining IgM and IgG antibody levels against toxoplasma gondii, using ELISA method. Data ana-lyzed by the software SPSS ver. 17 and descriptive and analytic analysis were done, us-ing central and dispersion indexes and also chi-Square test. Results: The autistic group contained 34 boys and 6 girls (85 and 15 percent respectively), with the average age of 6 (±2.71) years old [minimum of 2.33 and maximum of 12]. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 4.01 (±1.87) years old. 87. The non-autistic group contained 17 boys and 23 girls (42.5 and 57.5 percent respectively), with the average age of 5.67 (±3.09) years old [minimum of two and maximum of 12]. IgM and IgG serology of all autistic children were negative, while in non-autistic group, 2.5 percent (1 child) were positive and 97.5 percent (39 ones) were negative. There were no statistically significant difference among these two groups according to the serology results. (P=0.31). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in comparing positive se-rology of toxoplasmosis, between the two groups. However, to obtain a perfect result, a larger sample size are required.
Mohammad Abbasinazari , Afshin Mohammad Alizadeh , Yusef Jamshidi,
Volume 72, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background: Judicious use of antibiotics is essential considering the growth of antimi-crobial resistance and escalating costs in health care. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin used widely for the treatment of various infections in outpatient and in-patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ceftriaxone utilization before and after implementation of guidelines and physicians education. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, before-after intervention study was performed in 6 wards of a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. The study was conducted in three phases: pre-guideline, educational interventions and post guideline implementation. The pre intervention phase included chart analysis of current ceftriaxone use in 200 consecutive patients from the representative wards included in the study. The educational interventions included preparation and distribution of ceftriaxone guidelines as pamphlets among physicians working in the studied wards. Also the clinical pharmacist returned to each ward and trained physicians regarding the correct use of ceftriaxone. In the post intervention phase immediately after the instruction, and in the follow up phase, one month later, a prospective analysis of ceftriaxone utilization was performed by chart review of 200 patients to detect changes in ceftriaxone utilization pattern. Results: Four hundred cases were evaluated during study (200 before and 200 after physician’s education). The correct indication of ceftriaxone was 93% and 96% before and after the educational interventions respectively. Analysis showed that correct indi-cation of ceftriaxone did not change significantly before and after education (P= 0.188). Regarding to proper administration (dose, interval and duration) ceftriaxone utilization significantly changed after education (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Adoption of the guidelines with associated training resulted in significant improvement in ceftriaxone administration pattern in the hospitals.
Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti, Saeid Latifi-Navid , Saber Zahri ,
Volume 72, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent in development of gastroduode-nal diseases, such as chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers, mucosa associated lym-phoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. H. pylori has been associated with inflammation in cardia, showing the fact that infection with this bacterium could also be a risk factor for gastric cardia cancer. Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. This is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and ap-proximately 700,000 people succumb each year to gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been estimated that 69% of the Iranian population currently harbor H. pylori infection. The prevalence of duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer is high in Iranian populations. However, this has been largely influenced by geographic and/or ethnic origin. Epidemi-ology studies have shown that host, environmental, and bacterial factors determine the outcome of H. pylori infection. The bacterium contains allelic diversity and high genet-ic variability into core- and virulence-genes and that this diversity is geographically and ethnically structured. The genetic diversity within H. pylori is greater than within most other bacteria, and its diversity is more than 50-fold higher than that of human DNA. The maintenance of high diversification makes this bacterium to cope with particular challenges in individual hosts. It has been reported that the recombination contributed to the creation of new genes and gene family. Furthermore, the microevolution in cagA and vacA genes is a common event, leading to a change in the virulence phenotype. These factors contribute to the bacterial survival in acidic conditions in stomach and protect it from host immune system, causing tissue damage and clinical disease. In this review article, we discussed the correlation between H. pylori virulence factors and clin-ical outcomes, microevolution of H. pylori virulence genes in a single host, microevolu-tion of H. pylori during primary infection and progression of atrophic gastritis to ade-nocarcinoma, and H. pylori infection status in Iran. Finally, we put forward the hy-pothesis that if the pattern of nucleotide sequence evolution shifts from recombination (r) to mutation (m) and the r/m ratio is reduced, bacterial pathogenicity may be re-duced while maintaining the bacterial life. However, this hypothesis should be further studied with future experiments.
Somayeh Zamani, Fatemeh Fotouhi Chahouki, Zahra Nourmohammadi , Saeideh Sadeghi Neshat, Vahideh Mazaheri , Ali Torabi , Behrokh Farahmand ,
Volume 73, Issue 7 (10-2015)
Volume 73, Issue 7 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background: The influenza virus is one of the most important factors for higher morbidity and mortality in the world. Recently, researchers have been focused on influenza conserved antigenic proteins such as hemagglutinin stalk domain (HA2) for vaccine production and serological studies. The HA2 plays a major role in the fusion of the virus with host cells membrane. The immunity system enables to produce antibody against HA2. The aim of this study is polyclonal antibody production against influenza HA2. Methods: This study was done in the Influenza Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran for one year from September 2013 to October 2014. In the present study, recombinant HA2 protein was produced in prokaryotic system and purified using Nickel affinity chromatography. The purified HA2 was mixed with Freund’s adjuvant (complete and incomplete) and injected into two New Zealand white rabbits by intramuscularly and subcutaneously routes. Immunization was continued for several months with two weeks interval. Before each immunization, blood was drawn by venous puncture from the rabbit ear. Function of rabbit's sera was evaluated using radial immunodiffusion (RID) in both forms, Single RID (SRID) and Double RID (DRID). Finally, antiserum activity against HA2 was evaluated using western blotting as serological assay. Results: Sedimentary line and zone was observed in RID assays (SRID and DRID) represent interaction between HA2 protein and anti- HA2 antibody. As well as, western blotting results was positive for HA2 protein. Therefore, these results showed that polyclonal antibody produced against HA2 protein can identify HA2 protein antigenic sites. Conclusion: These findings show that humoral immune responses have properly been stimulated in rabbits and these antibodies can identify HA2 protein and may be suitable for other serological methods.
Majid Kermani , Mohsen Dowlati , Ahmad Jonidi Jafari , Roshanak Rezaei Kalantari ,
Volume 74, Issue 12 (3-2017)
Volume 74, Issue 12 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background: Air pollution, especially the phenomenon of dust and particulate matter can cause mortality of many civilians, and causes various diseases including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. One of the major pollutants in the air is particulate matter that concentration has increased over recent years. So, present study with aim of Quantification Health Endpoints Attributed to particulate matter in Tehran, Capital of Iran during the past decade (2005-2014) by AirQ software, version 2.2.3 (WHO European Centre for Environment and Health) was performed.
Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytic investigation. The process of performance this study lasted 12 months. Subject of this the study and research was in Environmental Health Engineering Department of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Exact data of every hour pollutants were taken from Department of environmental (DOE) Islamic Republic Iran and Air Quality Control Company of Tehran. Then validated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Statistical parameters for quantifying health effects were calculated in excel software. Finally, assessment of cases total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality and cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease, with AirQ software was performed.
|
Results: The results of this study showed that the number of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and respiratory mortality caused by exposure to Particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (PM10) in the past decade is 11776, 12121 and 33066 cases respectively. Also the total number of hospital admission due to cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease in the past decade is 20990 and 54352 cases in 2005-2014 years. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, during the last decade the level of air pollution and Concentration of pollutants in Tehran Increased. Effects and health consequences due to exposure to Particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (PM10) in Tehran Metropolis Is very severe and increased mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among the citizens of Tehran. |
Ehsan Aali , Razzagh Mahmoudi , Masoud Kazeminia , Reza Hazrati , Farzin Azarpey ,
Volume 75, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Herbal essential oils are volatile, natural, complex compounds formed by medicinal plants as secondary metabolites. As reported by international organization for standardization (ISO), the term "essential oils" (EOs) is defined for a product obtained from vegetable raw materials or fruit using distillation with water or steam. The EOs are generally complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds include hydrocarbons (terpenes and sesquiterpenes) and oxygenated compounds (alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, phenols, and phenol ethers) compounds. In medicinal plants, the EOs chemical profile usually very varies because of both intrinsic (sexual, seasonal, ontogenetic, and genetic variations) and extrinsic (ecological and environmental aspects) factors, also the EOs composition differs not only in the number and type of molecules but also in their stereochemical structures, and can be very different according to the extraction method. EOs represents a “green” alternative in the nutritional and pharmaceutical fields due to reported antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties thus, in recent times; EOs has gained great popularity as consumers have developed a particular ever-growing awareness toward the use of natural ingredients, especially in food and household. Therefore, the present review provides a comprehensive summary on the method of preparation of EOs from medicinal plants, chemical composition analysis, their biological and pharmacological effects and their potential benefits on health level. Present information was compiled using keywords “Essential oil, Medicinal Plants and Natural additive in scientific database as Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, Google scholar and SID, until 2005 to 2015. EOs have great antimicrobial activity and mostly destroy bacteria, fungi and viruses without harmful effects on consumer’s health. Finding of this study showed that the Thymol, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Cumin Aldehyde, Carvacrol, Germacrene, Linalool were the main components. Also, EOs have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and many other pharmacological properties which enhance their potential application. EOs have potential biological and pharmacological activities and so have many applications in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Fateme Khosravi Node , Farida Behzadian , Vahideh Mazaheri , Hadiseh Shokouhi , Maryam Saleh , Behrokh Farahmand ,
Volume 75, Issue 8 (11-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 8 (11-2017)
Abstract
Background: Each year, Human influenza A (H1N1) virus causes moderate to severe infections with a high prevalence throughout the world. Accordingly, the rapid, sensitive and cost-effective laboratory diagnosis based on viral antigen detection is important. Moreover, the generation of specific antibodies directed against Influenza antigens is essential to the success of both basic and applied research programs. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the major surface envelope glycoprotein of influenza virus, which is subsequently cleaved into two subunits, HA1 and HA2. Since most antigenic sites are in the HA1 domain of HA, HA1 domain of influenza virus was studied as antigen to produce polyclonal antibody.
Methods: In this experimental study we expressed and purified the recombinant HA1 protein in the second half of 2015 at department of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran and then prepared the polyclonal rabbit antibody against it. The vector of pET28aHA1 expressing HA1-His tagged protein of H1N1 influenza A/PR/8/34 virus was used for large scale production of HA1 into E. Coli (BL21). By changing expression conditions such as IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) concentration, time and temperature of incubation, the expression conditions for HA1 were optimized. The total cell protein harvested and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. All above mentioned experiments monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Results: The efficiency of HA1 recombinant protein was high, equal to 400-600 mg/ml of cell lysate. The polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing the rabbits using recombinant HA1 with Freund’s adjuvant according to standard protocols. Efficiency of the antiserum evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Determination of antibody level in the collected antiserum using serum-based ELISA showed that the specific antibody has risen well through the immunization schedule.
Conclusion: Our data shows that this polyclonal antibody has potential to be produced in rabbit. It will also be used in the future in influenza diagnosis as well as in other immunological applications such as western blot analyses, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry.
Methods: In this experimental study we expressed and purified the recombinant HA1 protein in the second half of 2015 at department of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran and then prepared the polyclonal rabbit antibody against it. The vector of pET28aHA1 expressing HA1-His tagged protein of H1N1 influenza A/PR/8/34 virus was used for large scale production of HA1 into E. Coli (BL21). By changing expression conditions such as IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) concentration, time and temperature of incubation, the expression conditions for HA1 were optimized. The total cell protein harvested and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. All above mentioned experiments monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Results: The efficiency of HA1 recombinant protein was high, equal to 400-600 mg/ml of cell lysate. The polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing the rabbits using recombinant HA1 with Freund’s adjuvant according to standard protocols. Efficiency of the antiserum evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Determination of antibody level in the collected antiserum using serum-based ELISA showed that the specific antibody has risen well through the immunization schedule.
Conclusion: Our data shows that this polyclonal antibody has potential to be produced in rabbit. It will also be used in the future in influenza diagnosis as well as in other immunological applications such as western blot analyses, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry.
Shadi Khazaei, Shahrbanoo Keyhanian , Mahila Monajati , Shahram Ala, Ebrahim Salehifar ,
Volume 75, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used in the hematology-oncology units and is frequently associated with adverse effects. High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is indicated in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), osteosarcoma, systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma and primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. The side effect profile of MTX varies markedly according to dose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the uses and adverse effects of HDMTX in a cancer center in north of Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Emam Sajjad Hospital, Ramsar, Iran from June 2016 to July 2017. Doses more than 500 mg/m2 of MTX was considered as a high-dose. Hydration status, evaluation of the renal and hepatic function, blood tests, urine pH, doses and frequencies of leucovorin administration, measurement of serum levels of MTX and side effects were evaluated. Recommendations of UpToDate 2017 were considered as standards of administration of HDMTX.
Results: Forty-four courses of HDMTX were evaluated in this study. HDMTX were prescribed for lymphoma (30 cases), ALL (8 cases) and osteosarcoma (6 cases). In all patients, hydration was done with 1340.9±894 normal saline plus 25 ml sodium bicarbonate 8.4%, one to two hours before HDMTX. The solution used for dilution of MTX was 5% dextrose (1022.7±105.5 ml). Urine pH was not measured in any patient. The frequency of leucovorin administration was 5.64±3.03 times with doses of 17.6±1.7 mg/m2 every 6 hours. Serum levels of MTX were not measured in any patient. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine measurement was carried out before administration of HDMTX in all patients. The most common adverse effects were nausea (64.4%), anxiety (44%) and headache (43.2%).
Conclusion: The appropriate aspects of HDMTX usage were good hydration, urine alkalinization with bicarbonate and administration of leucovorin in patients receiving HDMTX, whereas monitoring of serum levels of MTX and administration of bicarbonate based on urinary pH were not done in any of the patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Emam Sajjad Hospital, Ramsar, Iran from June 2016 to July 2017. Doses more than 500 mg/m2 of MTX was considered as a high-dose. Hydration status, evaluation of the renal and hepatic function, blood tests, urine pH, doses and frequencies of leucovorin administration, measurement of serum levels of MTX and side effects were evaluated. Recommendations of UpToDate 2017 were considered as standards of administration of HDMTX.
Results: Forty-four courses of HDMTX were evaluated in this study. HDMTX were prescribed for lymphoma (30 cases), ALL (8 cases) and osteosarcoma (6 cases). In all patients, hydration was done with 1340.9±894 normal saline plus 25 ml sodium bicarbonate 8.4%, one to two hours before HDMTX. The solution used for dilution of MTX was 5% dextrose (1022.7±105.5 ml). Urine pH was not measured in any patient. The frequency of leucovorin administration was 5.64±3.03 times with doses of 17.6±1.7 mg/m2 every 6 hours. Serum levels of MTX were not measured in any patient. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine measurement was carried out before administration of HDMTX in all patients. The most common adverse effects were nausea (64.4%), anxiety (44%) and headache (43.2%).
Conclusion: The appropriate aspects of HDMTX usage were good hydration, urine alkalinization with bicarbonate and administration of leucovorin in patients receiving HDMTX, whereas monitoring of serum levels of MTX and administration of bicarbonate based on urinary pH were not done in any of the patients.
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad, Abolghasem Pourreza, Neda Akbarpour,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Volume 76, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a child neurodevelopmental disorder has increased significantly during the past 3 decades worldwide and in Iran. This chronic disease does not cause premature death and there is no definitive treatment. Thus, the cost of ASD is extremely heavy and overwhelming. The purpose of this study is to calculate the economic burden of ASD in Iran.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted to calculate all-important ASD costs. Two hundred and ninety autism patients in Tehran participated in this study in 2017 with the support of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to estimate direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs.
Results: The annual economic burden of ASD is estimated to be 223,561,841 Rials ($6,883 2014 USD) per patient in Tehran, Iran in 2017. Approximately 32%, 52% and 16% of the total cost were direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs. The average ASD direct cost was $5,765 of which 38% was direct medical costs and 62% was direct non-medical costs. The average annual ASD direct medical cost was $2,215 per patient of which 70%, 16% and 7% were related to rehabilitation, medicine and doctor visit costs. The average annual ASD direct non-medical cost was $3,550 per patient of which 35% was the cost of parents’ immigration to Tehran to receive health care services. The average annual ASD indirect cost for productivity loss from unemployment or reduced work productivity was estimated at $1,118. The largest cost component was parents’ productivity loss due to caregiving (70%).
Conclusion: Autism imposes substantial direct and indirect economic effects on patients and their families. Hence, health policy makers must take the most effective measures to make best use of scarce societal resources, to reduce the cost of the disease for patients and their families and subsequently, reduce its psychosocial burden.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted to calculate all-important ASD costs. Two hundred and ninety autism patients in Tehran participated in this study in 2017 with the support of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to estimate direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs.
Results: The annual economic burden of ASD is estimated to be 223,561,841 Rials ($6,883 2014 USD) per patient in Tehran, Iran in 2017. Approximately 32%, 52% and 16% of the total cost were direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs. The average ASD direct cost was $5,765 of which 38% was direct medical costs and 62% was direct non-medical costs. The average annual ASD direct medical cost was $2,215 per patient of which 70%, 16% and 7% were related to rehabilitation, medicine and doctor visit costs. The average annual ASD direct non-medical cost was $3,550 per patient of which 35% was the cost of parents’ immigration to Tehran to receive health care services. The average annual ASD indirect cost for productivity loss from unemployment or reduced work productivity was estimated at $1,118. The largest cost component was parents’ productivity loss due to caregiving (70%).
Conclusion: Autism imposes substantial direct and indirect economic effects on patients and their families. Hence, health policy makers must take the most effective measures to make best use of scarce societal resources, to reduce the cost of the disease for patients and their families and subsequently, reduce its psychosocial burden.
Mansour Rezaei , Abdullah Jalilian , Behzad Mahaki , Maryam Veismoradi ,
Volume 77, Issue 3 (6-2019)
Volume 77, Issue 3 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases in women and causes more deaths rather than other cancers. The increasing trend of breast cancer in Iran makes clear the need of extensive breast cancer research in this area. Some studies showed that in the variety countries and even in the different areas in one country has different risk of breast cancer incidence and this is a reason that there is a correlation between region of life and risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial structure associated with the incidence of breast cancer based on statistical models and identification of areas with high incidence of breast cancer in Iran.
Methods: This ecological study was conducted in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from February to July 2018. Data on breast cancer patients in all provinces of Iran (30 provinces) were investigated since 2004 to 2009. Risk factors in this study included fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, overweight or obesity, and human development index. In this study, we have used routine and spatial Poisson's generalized linear mixed models for data analysis.
Results: In both routine and spatial models, direct and significant correlation was found between the incidence of breast cancer and the human development index (P<0.05). In addition to human development index, overweight or obesity factors were also had direct and significant relationship to the incidence of breast cancer in the spatial Poisson's generalized linear mixed model (P<0.05). In the spatial Poisson's generalized linear mixed model with correlation structure of Besag Yorg Molie (BYM), two provinces of Gilan and East Azerbaijan had the highest risk of breast cancer incidence and province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad had the lowest risk of breast cancer incidence.
Conclusion: The results showed that the distribution of breast cancer incidence in Iran has a spatial structure. That is, the adjacent provinces have similar incidences of this disease.
Methods: This ecological study was conducted in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from February to July 2018. Data on breast cancer patients in all provinces of Iran (30 provinces) were investigated since 2004 to 2009. Risk factors in this study included fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, overweight or obesity, and human development index. In this study, we have used routine and spatial Poisson's generalized linear mixed models for data analysis.
Results: In both routine and spatial models, direct and significant correlation was found between the incidence of breast cancer and the human development index (P<0.05). In addition to human development index, overweight or obesity factors were also had direct and significant relationship to the incidence of breast cancer in the spatial Poisson's generalized linear mixed model (P<0.05). In the spatial Poisson's generalized linear mixed model with correlation structure of Besag Yorg Molie (BYM), two provinces of Gilan and East Azerbaijan had the highest risk of breast cancer incidence and province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad had the lowest risk of breast cancer incidence.
Conclusion: The results showed that the distribution of breast cancer incidence in Iran has a spatial structure. That is, the adjacent provinces have similar incidences of this disease.
Ali Ameri ,
Volume 77, Issue 7 (10-2019)
Volume 77, Issue 7 (10-2019)
Abstract
Background: Deep learning has revolutionized artificial intelligence and has transformed many fields. It allows processing high-dimensional data (such as signals or images) without the need for feature engineering. The aim of this research is to develop a deep learning-based system to decode motor intent from electromyogram (EMG) signals.
Methods: A myoelectric system based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed, as an alternative to conventional classification methods that depend on feature engineering. The proposed model was validated with 10 able-bodied subjects during single and combined wrist motions. Eight EMG channels were recorded using eight pairs of surface electrodes attached around the subject’s dominant forearm. The raw EMG data from windows of 167ms (200 samples) in 8 channels were arranged as 200×8 matrices. For each subject, a CNN was trained using the EMG matrices as the input and the corresponding motion classes as the target. The resulting model was tested using a 4-fold cross-validation. The performance of the proposed approach was compared to that of a standard SVM-based model that used a set of time-domain (TD) features including mean absolute value, zero crossings, slope sign changes, waveform length, and mean frequency.
Results: In spite of the proven performance and popularity of the TD features, no significant difference (P=0.19) was found between the classification accuracies of the two methods. The advantage of the proposed model is that it does not need manual extraction of features, as the CNN can automatically learn and extract required representations from the EMG data.
Conclusion: These results indicate the capacity of CNNs to learn and extract rich and complex information from biological signals. Because both amplitude and frequency of EMG increases with increasing muscle force, both temporal and spectral characteristics of EMG are needed for efficient estimation of motor intent. The TD set, also includes these types of features. The high performance of the CNN model shows its capability to learn temporal and spectral representations from raw EMG data.
Methods: A myoelectric system based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed, as an alternative to conventional classification methods that depend on feature engineering. The proposed model was validated with 10 able-bodied subjects during single and combined wrist motions. Eight EMG channels were recorded using eight pairs of surface electrodes attached around the subject’s dominant forearm. The raw EMG data from windows of 167ms (200 samples) in 8 channels were arranged as 200×8 matrices. For each subject, a CNN was trained using the EMG matrices as the input and the corresponding motion classes as the target. The resulting model was tested using a 4-fold cross-validation. The performance of the proposed approach was compared to that of a standard SVM-based model that used a set of time-domain (TD) features including mean absolute value, zero crossings, slope sign changes, waveform length, and mean frequency.
Results: In spite of the proven performance and popularity of the TD features, no significant difference (P=0.19) was found between the classification accuracies of the two methods. The advantage of the proposed model is that it does not need manual extraction of features, as the CNN can automatically learn and extract required representations from the EMG data.
Conclusion: These results indicate the capacity of CNNs to learn and extract rich and complex information from biological signals. Because both amplitude and frequency of EMG increases with increasing muscle force, both temporal and spectral characteristics of EMG are needed for efficient estimation of motor intent. The TD set, also includes these types of features. The high performance of the CNN model shows its capability to learn temporal and spectral representations from raw EMG data.
Alireza Rai, Siros Amiri, Mohammadreza Sobhiyeh,
Volume 78, Issue 4 (7-2020)
Volume 78, Issue 4 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background: The ineffectiveness of hemodialysis fistulas causes high costs and increases mortality and morbidity rates. The efficacy of drug-coated balloon and nondrug-coated balloon in dysfunctional arteriovenous Fistula was evaluated over six month period.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of a total of 50 hemodialysis patients who referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah for failing of arteriovenous fistula in 2018 year, were randomly divided into two separate groups of drug-coated balloon angioplasty and non-drug coated balloon angioplasty. All of these procedures were done with the same surgeon. Patients were followed-up for 6 months. Variables and data of patients like age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and location of arteriovenous fistula were documented and analyzed by SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using statistical tests. T-test and chi-square test were used for data analysis and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of a total of 50 hemodialysis patients who referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah for failing of arteriovenous fistula in 2018 year, were randomly divided into two separate groups of drug-coated balloon angioplasty and non-drug coated balloon angioplasty. All of these procedures were done with the same surgeon. Patients were followed-up for 6 months. Variables and data of patients like age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and location of arteriovenous fistula were documented and analyzed by SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using statistical tests. T-test and chi-square test were used for data analysis and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.
|
Results: The success rate of drug-coated balloon angioplasty versus plain balloon angioplasty in the efficacy of arteriovenous fistulas increased significantly (19 vs. 6 and 13 vs. 12, respectively, P<0.05). There is also a significant relationship between age and diabetes over the lifetime of the arteriovenous fistula. According to results, the efficacy of arteriovenous fistula in the elderly patients (>65 years) and the diabetes mellitus patients were lower than other risk factors causing end-stage renal disease.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of drug-coated balloons rather than non drug-coated balloon is more effective in the efficiency of arteriovenous artery fistula. |
Mohammad Sadra Modaresi , Arta Amir Jamshidi , Mohammad Reza Modaresi ,
Volume 78, Issue 8 (11-2020)
Volume 78, Issue 8 (11-2020)
Abstract
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disease, which is caused by defection in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR gene codes chloride channels to modulate the homeostasis of epithelial environments. Defective CFTR affects various organs such as the lungs, pancreas, intestine, liver and skin; however, lung impairment is the main reason for mortality in these patients. About 2000 mutations in this gene have been discovered, but nearly 150 mutations lead to serious symptoms. CFTR mutations are classified into six major classes based on phenotypic manifestations such as structural instability of channels, defective processing, malfunctioning chloride-ion transfers and decreased number of chloride channels in the cell membranes. These cause various symptoms such as respiratory infection, intestinal obstruction, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and malabsorption. Significant improvements in diagnostic tools and methods such as newborn screening, chloride sweat test and gene sequencing have increased the incidence and the prevalence of CF. Enormous studies have also been done on CF recognition and treatment procedures, which have resulted in 30 years of growth in the life expectancy of the patients. Despite the recent achievements, due to the high complexity of this disease and the involvement of various organs, the available treatments are nonpermanent. In the past few years, new combinatorial drugs have been introduced which potentiate and correct CFTR and ameliorate the CF symptoms. Recently, novel genetic engineering methods like CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN have been utilized to correct the mutated CFTR gene with high accuracy and eradicate the symptoms. Studying this disease at its distinct levels from subcellular to organs could help to find new treatments. Systematic research in finding common attributes between different states of the disease is very beneficial. Interdisciplinary research groups with various expertise in mathematics, biology and engineering could have a great impact on describing the full picture of the disease and development of new treatment strategies. The main part of this article provides a comprehensive overview of cystic fibrosis with emphasis on the key studies on genetics and their effects on cellular and physiological levels. In this work, conventional and new treatment methods have also been discussed. |
Related Websites
Site Keywords
Cardiology, Anatomy, Biology, Epidemiology, Immunology, Neuroscience, Physical therapy, Physiology, Dermatology, Endocrinology and metabolicSite Statistics
- Registered users: 7729 users
- Online users: 0 users
- Guest users: 389 users
- All visits: 15350244 visits
- Visits in 24 Hours: 12328 visits
- Total articles: 11217 articles
- Published articles: 4922 articles
© 2024 , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, CC BY-NC 4.0
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb