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Showing 26 results for Salari
Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and related risk factors in first degree relatives of patients with premature CAD Tehran Heart Center
Salarifar M, Kazemeini S.m, Haji Zeinali A.m,
Volume 65, Issue 1 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) has a familial predisposition and occurrence. We determined the prevalence of CAD and related risk factors in individuals with a history of premature CAD in their first-degree relatives.
Methods: This study included 700 healthy individuals with a history of premature CAD in their parents or siblings in Tehran Heart Center in 2003-2004. History of smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension was taken. Fasting levels of blood sugar (FBS), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, LDL and HDL were measured. Noninvasive studies for CAD were performed with resting echocardiography (ECG) and ECG with exercise tolerance test (ETT). Patients with positive findings for ischemia in these tests underwent a myocardial perfusion scan and if positive proceeded to coronary angiography.
Results: The mean age of our subjects was 35.2 (15-65) years. DM was found in 5.3%, smoking in 14.7%, hypertension in 20.6%, cholesterol above 200 mg/dl in 39.9%, TG above 150 mg/dl in 58.6%, LDL above 130 mg/dl in 38% and HDL below 40 mg/dl in 32.6%. In addition, 6.4% had ECG changes and 3% echocardiographic abnormalities in favor of ischemia. ETT was positive in 7.3% and myocardial perfusion scan in 2.1%. Coronary angiography showed 50-70% stenosis in eight patients (1.1%) and >70% in four patients (0.6%).
Conclusion: High cholesterol, TG and LDL and low HDL were found among our subjects. Risk factor determination in these individuals may prove to be beneficial. Noninvasive tests for CAD yield low true-positive results and are not recommended in the population as a whole. In certain subgroups, including those with persons older than 40 years and diabetic patients, these tests may be useful.
Morphine injection in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens and decreasing anxiety in rat
Vaezi Gh, Zarrindast M R, Salarian Zadeh A, Babapour S,
Volume 65, Issue 7 (4 2007)
Abstract

Background: Anxiety is a complex phenomenon with important results. In fact anxiety is a biologic process that has repetitive biological and physiological effect on the biological structure of brine. From long time ago anxiety and fear has bean one of the important psychological issues and for the control of anxiety different drugs with different mechanisms have been presented and understanding mechanisms that are involved lead us to newer drugs discovery. In this research the effect of morphine on the anxiety in the adult Male rats in the Ventral Tegmental area (VTA) and Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) was studied.

Methods: The elevated plus maze was used in combination with the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the maze (OAT %) and the percentage of entries into the open arms (OAE %) to measure anxiety. Increases in the OAT% and OAE% indicate an anxiolytic effect (reduction in anxiety), whereas decreases in the OAE% and OAT% indicate an anxiogenic effect. Adult male rats, weighing 200-240 grams, underwent surgery. After five days, the rats were injected with saline and three different doses of morphine (2.5, 5, and 7.5 µl/rat). Experiment one included the injections into the VTA. In the second experiment, these injections were in the NAc. Behavioral tests were conducted between 12 pm and 4 pm and each animal was used once for each experiment.

Results: In the first experiment, although these doses of morphine injected into the TVA had no effect on the OAE%, a dose of 5µl/rat increased the OAT%, showing a decrease in the animals' anxiety. In the second experiment, doses of 2.5µl/rat injected into the NAc induced a significant increase in the OAT% and OAE%, there by displaying decreased anxiety in the animal. However, no significant change in the activity of the animals was observed.

Conclusion: As a Result of these experiments, it seems that different doses of morphine can decrease anxiety, probably through interaction with gabaergic system.


Clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents in diabetic patients
Pedarzadeh A, Kassaian S.e, Esfahanian F, Goudarzinejad H.r, Payedari N, Salarifar M, Hajizeinali A.m, Alidoosti M, Boroumand M.a,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (3 2007)
Abstract

Background: Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of drug eluting stents (DES) in selected groups of patients with less complicated diabetes. We conducted this study to determine how an unselected group of diabetic patients in Iran fare following DES implantation.

Methods: Data were collected on 147 consecutive diabetic patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the implantation of at least one DES at the Tehran Heart Center from June 2003 to September 2005. Clinical follow-up was performed by timely scheduled visits at one, four and nine months following DES implantation. Nine months of follow-up was completed for 94.5% of the patients. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which include cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization (TVR). In-hospital complications were the secondary endpoint.

Results: A total of 158 coronary artery lesions were treated with DES in 147 diabetic patients (mean age = 56.4±8.92 years, 57.1% were men). During the nine-month follow-up, MACE occurred in 3.4% of patients, with a myocardial infarction rate of 1.4% and TVR rate of 1.4%. Considering one patient who underwent TVR due to acute stent thrombosis following angioplasty (during hospitalization) the total number of TVR reached 3 (2%). Only one patient (0.7%) died of cardiac death, which occurred after the procedure and before discharge. In-hospital complications occurred in six patients (4.1%) five patients suffered from myocardial infarction.

Conclusions: PCI with DES seems to be safe and effective in diabetic patients. However, more studies with larger study populations and longer follow-up are required to confirm this issue.


Acute and subacute cardiac complications following radiotherapy in patients with left breast cancer
A Salari, M Aghili, E Nemati Pour, H Ranjbarnejad,
Volume 66, Issue 5 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Radiation to some parts of the heart is unavoidable in the therapeutic course of primary tumors in many kinds of cancer, including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of acute and subacute cardiac complications following radiotherapy in patients with left breast cancer.
Methods: In this study, we enrolled 53 patients with left breast cancer who underwent mastectomy or lumpectomy between September 2005 and September 2006 in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, and subsequently underwent chemotherapy with anthracyclines (<450mg/m2) and Endoxan plus taxane/fFluorouracil followed by radiotherapy. In all patients, electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed before initiation of radiotherapy, immediately after radiotherapy and again three and six months later to check for radiotherapy-induced cardiac complications such as pericardial effusion, valvular lesions, left ventricular dysfunction, conduction system disturbances and other variables.
Results: Thirty-nine patients completed the follow-up period. Among these, 10 (25.6%) patients experienced cardiac complications following radiotherapy. Among these, mild pericardial effusion in seven (53.85%) patients, mild mitral regurgitation in three cases (23.08%) and Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) in two cases (15.38%) were the most common complications. We found no correlation between cardiac complication and tumor dose, dose fraction and type of chemotherapy protocol. We noted no cases of new or more serious complications, such as cardiomyopathies or coronary artery disease, nor any changes in ejection fraction by the end of the follow-up period.
Conclusion: In patients with left breast cancer, acute and subacute cardiac complications following radiotherapy are not serious and have no clinical significance. Further studies are needed for more assessments in this area.

HLA DR4 subtype relationship with rheumatoid arthritis: a study on Iranian patients
Jamshidi Ar, Tehrani Banihashemi Sa, Salari Ah, Taghipour R,
Volume 66, Issue 11 (3 2009)
Abstract

Background: There are several evidences that genetic factors besides environmental triggers have important role in initiating the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rheumatoid arthritis with different subtypes of HLA DR4 in Iranian patients.

Methods: In an un-matched case control study, 110 rheumatoid arthritis patients (case) and 56 knee osteoarthritis patients (control) of outpatient clinic in Shariati Hospital were entered to the study. After blood sampling from case and control groups, DNA was isolated by using salting-out method and HLA DR4 and its subtypes were detected. Association of HLA DR4 and its subtypes with rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic factor and clinical manifestations of diseases was evaluated.

Results: Eighty nine (80.9%) of rheumatoid arthritis patients were female and 21 were male. Thirty four of the RA patients (30.9%) and eleven subjects from the control group (19.6%) were HLA DR4 positive (p=0.12). The most frequent subtype of HLA DR4 in RA patients was 0404 and in control group was 0401 (p=0.03). There were not statistically significant association between HLA DR4 and age of disease onset, family history, morning stiffness and rheumatoid factor. Joint swelling and tenderness had association with HLA DR4 (p=0.04 and p=0.03).

Conclusion: Although there were no statistically significant association between rheumatoid arthritis and HLA DR4, but prevalence of this HLA was higher in patients than control. It is possible that in some ethnics, other HLAs may have role in pathogenesis of disease.


The effect of D2 agonist versus D2 antagonist on the fear behavior in the male rats using plus-maze method: the prospective study
Sabzehkhah S, Vaezi Gh H, Bakhtiarian A, Salarian A, Zare Haghighi M,
Volume 67, Issue 8 (6 2009)
Abstract

Background: Dopaminergic is the most important neurotransmitter is fear. The dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway has essential role in excitable behavior, and it's role in Parkinson disease. The aim of this research in study, the effect of dopaminergic pathway in fear response.
Methods: The elevated plus maze was used in combination with the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the maze (OAT%) and the percentage of entries into the open arms (OAE%) to measure fear. Increases in the OAT% and OAE% indicate an anxiolytic effect (reduction in anxiety), whereas decreases in the OAE% and OAT% indicate an anxiogenic effect. After five days, the rats were injected with saline and different doses of sulpiride and Bromocriptine.
Results: Results showed that intracerebroventricular administration of sulpiride, in the doses of 5, 20μg/rat and bromocriptine, D2 agonist in doses 65, 95μg/rat produced a significant effect comparing to sham groups (p<0.05). While intracerebroventricular administration of sulpiride 15, 10μg/rat, and bromocriptine 70, 80μg/rat, did not show any significant effect comparing with sham group (p<0.05). In the current research intracerebroventricular administration of sulpiride, D2 antagonist at the doses of 5, 10, 15, 20μg/rat and Bromocriptine, D2 agonist in the doses of 65, 70, 80, 95μg/rat were used and theire effect on the fear behavior were studied.
Conclusions: The possible effect of Dopaminergic system in the fear process, especially D2 receptor increase fear.


Renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease: the prevalence and risk factors, an angiographic study
Edalati Fard M, Khatami Smr, Sadeghian S, Salari Far M,
Volume 68, Issue 6 (6 2010)
Abstract

Background: The relationship between Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and the prevalence of Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) has been demonstrated. Despite high incidence of heart diseases and high frequency of CAD risk factors among Iranian population, this relation has not been clearly determined. This study estimated the prevalence of RAS and its determinants in Iranian angiographic candidates. We also tried to find which risk factors of atherosclerosis are associated more frequently with renal artery stenosis.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study that was performed at the Tehran Heart Center, in Tehran, Iran, 146 patients who were candidate for angiography with suspected CAD were consecutively included. Selective renal angiography was performed following coronary angiography in all patients with established coronary artery stenosis and the presence and severity of RAS was evaluated.

Results: Prevalence of RAS in study patients was 25.3% (men, 13.7% and women 47.1%, (p<0.001). We found that only 6.2% of the patients had bilateral R.A.S. Also, RAS≥50% was found in 17.1% of patients. Regarding number of defected coronary vessels, two- and three-vessel diseases were found in 30.0% and 39.0% of participants, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the number of involved coronaries and the severity as well as side of RAS (p=0.716) Significant multivariate predictors of RAS were female gender (p=0.001), advanced age, (p=0.046) duration of hypertension (p=0.032) and baseline serum creatinine concentration (p=0.018).

Conclusions: Routine angiographic assessment of renal arteries following coronary angiography is recommended especially in women as well as those with long-term duration of hypertension or renal dysfunction.


The predictive value of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in early diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy upon angioplasthy/ angiography
Pahlavan-Sabbagh Mr, Khatami Smr, Salari-Far M, Boroumand Aa, Davoudi S,
Volume 69, Issue 8 (6 2011)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is a new biomarker which can predict acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Usefulness of NGAL in the early diagnosis of all types of AKI is under question. We hypothesized NGAL is an early predictive biomarker of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).
Methods: In this process evaluation study, we enrolled 122 patients (Mean age 59.7±10.8 years) undergoing elective angiography/angioplasty with contrast media during April to September 2009. Serial urine samples were analyzed in a double-blind fashion by NGAL enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CIN was defined as a 25% increase in baseline serum creatinine. 
Results : The prevalence of CIN was 30.3%. Significant elevations in urinary NGAL concentrations were noted within 12-h and 24-h after the procedure in patients with CIN. NGAL concentrations after 12 hours was 90.62±105.63 vs. 27.6±45.8 ng/ml in patients with and without CIN, respectively P=0.0001, and 79.78±117.7 vs. 30.92±52.84 ng/ml, 24 hours afterwards P=0.002. Some patients had AKI after five days of exposure rather than the second day (P=0.0001). We found using a cut-off point of 8 ng/ml with a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and area under the ROC curve 94%, 25%, 91% and 0.75 respectively are good for the prediction of CIN in 12-h urinary NGAL and a cut-off point of 5.5 ng/ml with respective values of 97%, 24%, 95% and 0.70 for 24-h urinary NGAL.
Conclusion: Urine NGAL may represent a sensitive early biomarker of acute AKI after angiography/angioplasty. We recommend the routine measurement of NGAL in high risk patients receiving contrast agents.


The efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection in the hamstring and calf muscles with and without serial foot casting in gait improvement in children with cerebral palsy
Amirsalari S, Dalvand H, Dehghan L, Feizy A, Hosseini Sa, Shamsoddini A,
Volume 69, Issue 8 (6 2011)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in the hamstring and calf muscles with and without ankle serial casting in the improvement of gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods : This double-blind prospective clinical trial was performed on 25, 2 to 8-year-old children with hemiplegic or diplegic CP in Tehran, Iran in 2010. The participants were chosen by simple randomized sampling and were matched for age, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and type of CP and were randomly divided into two groups: children in the first group (13) only received BTX-A injection, but the second group (12) received BTX-A and serial foot casting starting one week after the injection.
Results : Comparison of the gross motor function, right and left knee spasticities and passive ROM of both knees between the two groups before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the injections were not statistically significant (P>0.1). Furthermore, comparison of the right and left ankle spasticities and passive ROM before the injections and in1 and 3-month follow-ups did not show a statistically significant difference (P>0.1), but the differences were significant in 6 and 12-month follow-ups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: BTX-A injection with serial foot casting vs. BTX-A alone was more effective in decreasing spasticity and improving passive ROM in the ankle of children with CP, but such injections in the hamstrings were not useful in these regards.


The effect of oral ascorbic acid pretreatment on feeding changes following injection in nucleus accumbens shell in adult male rats
Salari S, Abbasnejad M, Badreh F, Esmaeili Mahani S,
Volume 69, Issue 11 (4 2012)
Abstract

Background: Ascorbic acid (AA) is not synthesized in the brain but it is actively transported through blood-brain barrier by SVCT2 cotransporter and it is stored in high concentrations with heterogeneous distribution in areas such as nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) in the mammalian brain. Previous studies have shown that Ascorbic acid injection into AcbSh decreases feeding therefore, in the present study we evaluated the effects of oral Ascorbic acid pretreatment on changes in feeding upon its injection in AcbSh in adult male rats.

Methods: Sixty-three adult male rats (220-280 g) were divided into five treatment and five pretreatment groups. The treatment groups included the control (intact) group, sham-operated Ascorbic acid group that received normal saline as vehicle, and three other groups that received different doses of ascorbic acid (10, 50 and 250 µg/rat) by injection into AcbSh for four days. The pretreatment groups received Ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) for 15 days via gastric gavage before receiving the aforementioned doses in treatment groups into intra nucleus AcbSh. Feeding measurement was repeated every 12 hours by automatic metabolic cage.

Results: The results indicated that all injected doses of Ascorbic acid (10, 50 and 250 µg/rat) into nucleus accumbens shell decrease food intake (P<0.05) in rats and oral Ascorbic acid pretreatment had no effects in this regard.

Conclusion: Our findings show that ascorbic acid is an effective factor in feeding regulation. Oral pretreatment seems to have no influence on the central effects of ascorbic acid in the nucleus accumbens shell.


An assessment of Toxoplasmosis antibodies seropositivity in children suffering Autism
Shahla Afsharpaiman , Amir Skandari , Zareian Jahromi Maryam , Shokoofeh Radfar , Shahnaz Shirbazoo , Susan Amirsalari , Mohammad Torkaman ,
Volume 72, Issue 2 (May 2014)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii, is a mandatory intracellular protozoa, that many people worldwide are infected with. In children, the infection enters central nervous system and leads to inflammation of the gray matter. Autism, is a complex develop-mental disorder, altering social communication, with unknown origin. Neuropathologi-cal changes in autism are the same as those occurred in brain toxoplasmosis. The objective of this survey was to evaluate positive serology of toxoplasma gondii, in autistic children. Methods: This case-control study was done on 3-12 years old children, referring to the neurology and psychiatry sub-special clinics of Baqiyatallah hospital and also autistic children of Omid-e Asr and Navid-e Asr general rehabilitation centers in Tehran, Iran. The study performed at 2012-2013. Forty autistic children were placed in the case group and 40 children, suffering from no neuropsychiatric disease or other ones, were placed in the control group. A folder, containing demographic data, type of the disor-der, onset of diagnosis and child characteristics at birth, such as time of birth (preterm/ term) fulfilled for each child. Sampling was done with 5 ml blood, for determining IgM and IgG antibody levels against toxoplasma gondii, using ELISA method. Data ana-lyzed by the software SPSS ver. 17 and descriptive and analytic analysis were done, us-ing central and dispersion indexes and also chi-Square test. Results: The autistic group contained 34 boys and 6 girls (85 and 15 percent respectively), with the average age of 6 (±2.71) years old [minimum of 2.33 and maximum of 12]. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 4.01 (±1.87) years old. 87. The non-autistic group contained 17 boys and 23 girls (42.5 and 57.5 percent respectively), with the average age of 5.67 (±3.09) years old [minimum of two and maximum of 12]. IgM and IgG serology of all autistic children were negative, while in non-autistic group, 2.5 percent (1 child) were positive and 97.5 percent (39 ones) were negative. There were no statistically significant difference among these two groups according to the serology results. (P=0.31). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in comparing positive se-rology of toxoplasmosis, between the two groups. However, to obtain a perfect result, a larger sample size are required.
Brucella contamination in raw milk by polymerase chain reaction
Mohammad Khalili , Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian , Farzaneh Salari Aliabadi , Jalil Abshenas ,
Volume 74, Issue 7 (October 2016)
Abstract

Background: Human brucellosis is a significant public health problem in many middle east countries including Iran. Brucella organisms, which are small aerobic, facultative intracellular coccobacilli, localize in the reproductive organs of host animals, causing abortions and sterility. They are shed in large numbers in the animal’s urine, milk, placental fluid, and other fluids. Dairy product from raw milk are a potential threat to public health in endemic developing countries. The gold standard for the diagnosis of brucellosis is isolation of Brucella species. However, isolation Brucella species is time consuming and needed to level 3 biocontainment facilities and highly skilled technical personnel to handle samples and live bacteria for eventual identification. Handling Brucella species increase risk of laboratory infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high sensitivity and specifity overcomed to these disadvantages. The aim of this study was to detect Brucella species in milk from dairy cattle farms in Kerman province, Iran by PCR technique.

Methods: Forty and eight bulk tank milk (BTM) were collected from October 2015 to March 2016 from 48 dairy cattle farm including 4200 cows. DNA of milk samples extracted by lysis buffer and proteinase K method. All milk samples were examined by PCR to detect Brucella-specific DNA targeting IS 711. Positive samples must be showed 317 bp amplified, corresponding to the expected size of the IS 711 genome region in all Brucella species.

Results: Using IS711 primer were detected in 4 samples (8.3%) Brucella spp. from 48 BTM samples in this area.

Conclusion: The results indicate that brucellosis by Brucella species is endemic in the Kerman province dairy farms. Consumption of raw milk dairy products by individual farmers operating under poor hygienic conditions represents an high risk to public health. The need for implementing control measures and raising public awareness on zoonotic transmission of brucellosis are recommended. Vaccination of cattle is recommended for control of bovine brucellosis in enzootic areas with high prevalence rates.


Determine the burden of myocardial infarction
Kamran Ebrahimi , Shaker Salarilak , Kamal Khadem Vatan ,
Volume 75, Issue 3 (June 2017)
Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the world that is mostly due to vascular disease. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most lethal form of coronary heart disease Which is increasing in developing countries. This study was done to calculate and compare lost years of life due to death and disability for the most important cause of death (myocardial infarction) in the studied population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Urmia university of Medical Sciences in Western Azerbaijan Province, Iran during 2012 to 2013. Confirmation of the occurrence of myocardial Infarction in hospitalized patients was based on clinical symptoms, changes in electrocardiogram and increases of cardiac enzymes (CK-M Band Troponin). The burden of health from Myocardial Infarction was calculated- using the disability adjusted life years index (DALY). The morbidity data of MI was collected from myocardial infarction Registration System Department of Health, and mortality data were extracted based on death registration ICD10 (I 20-25).

Results: The total occurrence of MI was 7235 patients (60.6% men and 39.4% women) with the mean ages of 69±15 years. Number of disability adjusted life years (DALY) caused by MI was 53804 years (17.7 per thousand people) and the portion of early death Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature death was 52170 years (17.1 per thousand people), and Years of Life Lost (YLD) due to disability resulting from the disease was 1634 years (0.54 per thousand people). The disease burden in men was more than in women, and the greatest burden was in the age group of 80 and above in both sexes. Prevalence rate of the MI was estimated 376 (Per hundred thousand people) and the MI accounted for 18.8% of all causes of death.

Conclusion: The high burden of myocardial infarction, especially in men, raises the incidence of Myocardial Infarction a health priority and the need for proper planning in order to take effective measures for the prevention and treatment.


An overview of nanoparticles and their application to drug delivery in cancer: review article
Farzaneh Naserian , Fatemeh Heshmati , Maryam Mehdizadeh Omrani, Reza Salarian ,
Volume 76, Issue 4 (July 2018)
Abstract
Today, nanoscience has grown and developed in various medical and therapeutic areas, including cancer treatment. On the other hand, cancer and its types have been rumored and inclusive and many people suffer from this fatal and deadly disease. Currently, existing therapeutic method, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and etc., along with the therapeutic effect, cause complications that are unpleasant for patients. Hence, scientists and researchers are looking to develop and improve treatment options and methods to deal with this serious disease. Today, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become widespread, and its various fields, including nanoparticles, are widely used for a variety of applications, especially for delivery of drugs and diagnostic items and imaging cases. Nanotechnology-based release systems have a significant impact on the release of cancer drugs. Advances in bio-materials and bio-engineering are contributing to new approaches to nanoparticles that may create a new way for the improvement of cancer patients. Nano-technology in the drug release system has had a great impact on the selection of cancer cells, the release of a targeted drug, and overcoming the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. At the present many drug delivery systems are now made of nanoparticles, and various substances have been used as drug-stimulating agents or as a reinforcing agent to improve the efficacy of the treatment and durability and stability and also the safety of anticancer drugs. The materials used to release cancer drugs are divided into various categories such as polymer, magnetic, biomolecules. In the meantime, polymer nanoparticles have been organized in the carriers of anti-cancer nanoparticles due to the process of easy production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Although the loading of hydrophilic compounds is still confronted with limitations, due to the diversity of nanoparticle structures, it is possible to encapsulate various molecules. Also, surface changes and modification such as binding to antibodies and target ligands can also be applied to these materials, to act as target drug delivery to increase the effectiveness of treatment process. In this article, we will have an overview of cancer disease and cancer drugs and also nanoparticles and their contribution to cancer treatment.

Prognosis of multiple sclerosis disease using data mining approaches random forest and support vector machine based on genetic algorithm
Amir Hossein Hashemian , Sara Manochehri , Daryoush Afshari , Zohreh Manochehri , Nader Salari , Soodeh Shahsavari,
Volume 77, Issue 1 (April 2019)
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative inflammatory disease which is most commonly diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). But, since the MRI device uses of a magnetic field, if there are metal objects in the patient's body, it can disrupt the health of the patient, the functioning of the MRI, and distortion in the images. Due to limitations of using MRI device, screening seems necessary for those patients who have metal objects in their bodies. Therefore, this study is carried out to compare two models: support vector machine and random forest.
Methods: This analytical-modelling research was implemented on MS data collection, the specifications of which are recorded in health registry system in School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from May 2017 to August 2018. For the purpose of this study, a total of 317 subjects were selected as a sample; 188 subjects were diagnosed with MS and 128 subjects showed no symptoms of MS. In order to fit the support vector machine (SVM) model, radial basis kernel function was used. The parameters of this machine were optimized with genetic algorithm. After this step, the support vector machine and random forest (RF) were compared with respect to three factors: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results: Based upon the obtained results of study, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of SVM were 0.79, 0.80, and 0.78, respectively. In comparison, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of RF were found to be 0.76, 0.81, and 0.70, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, both models which were compared in current study showed desirable performance; however, in term of accuracy, as an important criteria for performance comparison in this area of research, it can be argued that support vector machine can do better than random forest in diagnosing multiple sclerosis.

A systematic review of the prevalence of neonatal mortality in the intensive care unit of hospitals in Iran
Masoud Mohammadi , Ali Akbar Vaisi-Raygani , Rostam Jalali , Akram Ghobadi , Nader Salari , Mitra Hemmati ,
Volume 77, Issue 9 (December 2019)
Abstract
Background: Infant mortality is important as a standard indicator for the development of health, educational and social health systems in each country. Considering the fact that in different studies of the country there are different statistics on the prevalence of infant mortality in the intensive care unit and the general statistics on the prevalence of mortality in neonates in the country are unclear and unclear, the aim of this study was systematic review and meta-analysis for determine the prevalence of mortality in infants admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of hospitals in Iran.
Methods: A meta-analysis was performed for relevant articles in scientific databases including scientific information database (SID) and Magiran, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar. Entrance criteria included cross-sectional studies between March 2000 to September 2018. The search process in these databases was performed using keywords: Neonatal, Intensive Care Unit, Mortality, and Iran. Non-relevant articles included review articles, interventions, cohorts and case-control studies, excluded from the study list. Heterogeneity of study was checked using I2 index and the possibility of publication bias by funnel plot and Egger test. Data were analyzed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software, version 3 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA).
Results: The overall prevalence of infant mortality in ICU hospitals was 21.8% (95% CI 14.4-31.6%), the highest prevalence of infant mortality in Isfahan was 64.4% percentage (95% CI 57.5-70.9%) and the lowest mortality rate in babies in Babol's intensive care unit with 5.1% (95% CI 3.8-6.7%). The results of the study showed that the prevalence of infant mortality was significantly reduced with increasing sample size (P<0.05). Also, with an increase in years of research, the frequency of infant mortality in the intensive care unit increases, which is also statistically significant respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of infant mortality in ICU hospitals in Iran, health policy makers need to take effective measures to raise awareness of parents as well as effective measures to reduce infant mortality.

Synthesis and loading of nanocurcumin on iron magnetic nanoparticles modified with chitosan
Zahra Hami , Amir Ahmad Salarian ,
Volume 77, Issue 11 (February 2020)
Abstract
Background: Curcuma longa generally known as turmeric includes curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids as components, which are known to have antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Iron, magnetite, and hematite as a micronutrient play an important role in physiological and chemical processes. Chitosan is a natural polymer derived from chitin and is recognized as versatile biomaterials because of their high biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and biodegradability to harmless products. The purpose of this research was to design synthesis and loading of nanocurcumin on iron magnetic nanoparticles modified with chitosan which is used as a targeted drug.
Methods: This laboratory research was conducted in Aja University of Medical Sciences from May to November 2017. Loading of nanocurcumin on iron magnetic nanoparticles modified with chitosan was done in two steps. In the first step, after preparing chitosan and iron magnetic nanoparticles, chitosan is placed as a coating polymer on surface of iron magnetic nanoparticles. In the next step, the final reaction is done by adding nanocurcumin on iron magnetic nanoparticles modified with chitosan. This causes nanocurcumin to penetrate into the polymeric layer core shell nanoparticles.
Results: Findings of transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope images show structure, morphology, physicochemical and the presence of nanocurcumin layers on chitosan in nanoparticles with diameter of 20 nm well. In Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the Fe-O peak indicates magnetic nanoparticles and peak of the O-H in nanocurcumin layers on chitosan. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectrum showing iron, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen peaks confirms the presence of these elements in the final composition and shows that chitosan and nanocurcumin groups are well dispersed on iron magnetic nanoparticles. The nanocurcumin loaded at 450 nm wavelength was evaluated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.
Conclusion: Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope image, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectrum, transmission electron microscope image, vibrating sample magnetometer analysis indicated that nanocurcumin has been successfully loaded on iron magnetic nanoparticles modified with chitosan and can be used as a targeted drug.

Metastasis of Non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphoma to the palate and maxillary alveolar ridge: case report
Zohreh Dalirsani, Atessa Pakfetrat, Nasrollah Saghravanian, Negin Samiee, Samaneh Salari ,
Volume 79, Issue 1 (April 2021)
Abstract
Background: Lymphoma is a malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells. External T-cell lymphoma is very rare. Lymphomas are neoplastic growth of lymphocytes caused by organisms like EBV, HIV, etc. This malignancy is classified as Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Oral lymphomas account for a small percentage of head and neck malignancies, and intraoral lymphoma is rare and mostly seen in Waldeyer's ring of immunocompromised patients.
Case presentation: A 67-year-old female was referred with a palatal wound that developed within two months. In medical history, she had a peptic ulcer since last year, and intestine lymphoma was diagnosed 4 months later. After that, her gastrointestinal lymphoma was treated with surgery and chemotherapy for 6 sessions. The oral examination revealed an endophytic ulcer with a granular surface in the left posterior part of the hard and soft palate and maxillary alveolar ridge. The lesion was under biopsy with clinical differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma or metastatic lymphoma or deep fungal infection. Microscopic examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed malignant mononucleated lymphocytes and hyperchromatic, polymorphic, dysplastic cells. Also, acinic cells and muscular cells were destructed. Moreover, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was positive for CD3, showing the presence of T lymphocytes. Therefore, diagnosis of metastasis of intestinal T-cell lymphoma to oral cavity was established. Because the patient had a history of intestinal lymphoma, she was referred to the oncologist for treatment. In further examinations, lung and liver metastasis were detected and the patient died on the second session of chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Malignant metastases to the oral cavity can occur in various forms, including swelling and ulcer, periodontal lesion and tooth luxation. Since, metastatic lesions in the oral cavity, could imitate the feature of inflammatory lesions, a thorough examination and taking history can be helpful in the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning to increase patients’ survival.
 

A systematic review on risk factors and protective factors related to Parkinson's disease
Negar Heidari , Paria Heidari, Nader Salari, Hakimeh Akbari, Masoud Mohammadi,
Volume 79, Issue 12 (March 2022)
Abstract
                                                                        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Background: Parkinson's disease is one of the chronic neurological diseases. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's, affecting 7.5 million people worldwide and its rate is expected to increase by 20% by 2020. three symptoms of tremor, muscle stiffness and movement disorders are among the main diagnostic symptoms of the disease. The prevalence of Parkinson's worldwide varies between 18 and 418 cases per 100,000 people per year. It is generally estimated that the prevalence of this disease in the general population is 0.3%. A systematic review study was performed to determine the factors associated with Parkinson's disease.
Methods: This study was a systematic review that was conducted by searching national and international databases until February 2020. Initially, all articles which had mentioned Parkinson-related factors were collected and accepted by researchers based on studies. Entry and exit criteria were met. Exclusion criteria included irrelevant items, duplication of studies, unclear procedure, and lack of access to the full text of the study. To reduce bias, articles were evaluated independently by two researchers, and the quality of articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist. All final articles submitted to the systematic review process were prepared by a template checklist. Checklists included article title, first author’s name, year of publication, place of study, risk factors, protective factors, and ineffective factors or the ones which their effects have not yet been determined, and the average age.
Results: In these studies, the following risk factors were reported: family history, agricultural occupation, literacy, stress, well water consumption, aging, environmental factors, genetic factors, pesticide exposure, and alcohol abuse. On the other hand, factors such as smoking and oilseeds, high levels of B-complex vitamins, female estrogen hormones, and selenium have been reported to protect against Parkinson's disease.
Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study and although there is no definitive treatment for this disease, protective factors and risk factors should be seriously considered by health policymakers for preventive measures.
 

Numbness in the jaw, the first symptom of multiple myeloma: a case report
Samaneh Salari, Atessa Pakfetrat, Nooshin Mohtasham, Farzaneh Khosravi, Mahdi Saeedi ,
Volume 81, Issue 2 (May 2023)
Abstract
Background: Jawbone involvement and destructive bone lesions in the mandible and maxilla are reported in 30% of patients with multiple myeloma. In general, plasma cell neoplasia rarely occurs in the maxillofacial area, and an incidence of 2.6-3.3 per 100,000 people is reported for solitary plasmacytoma in jawbones. This study aims to present and evaluate a patient with multiple myeloma and the first symptoms in the maxillofacial area.
Case Presentation: The patient was a 52 years old woman complaining of painful swelling in the left area of the face that had enlarged during the last month. She was referred to the maxillofacial disease department of the Dental School of Mashhad, Iran in Feb 2022. The patient has had paresthesia in the left area of the face since 6 months ago. In the extra-oral examination, a 4×10 cm mass was observed in the left mandibular angle extending anteriorly toward the sublingual area. The oral mucosa was normal. According to the clinical profile, malignancy was considered a differential diagnosis. Incisional biopsy of the lesion revealed the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. The positive result of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for CD138, performed on the specimen to confirm plasmacytoma and detection of small primary lytic lesions in the skull and spine confirmed multiple myeloma. The usual symptoms of multiple myeloma, including low back pain, were not observed. The patient underwent chemotherapy under the supervision of a hematologist.
Conclusion: Jawbone involvement is often less mentioned as the first symptom of multiple myeloma; however, compared to the vertebral column or skull lesions, these areas are easily biopsied, providing the possibility of early detection and treatment of multiple myeloma, hence a promising disease prognosis. The concurrence of destructive bone lesions and sensory changes in the maxillofacial area is a red flag. Precise radiographic evaluation and blood tests can help early detect multiple myeloma. Awareness of general dentists about the possibility of blood dyscrasia such as multiple myeloma with such early symptoms in patients can lead to early diagnosis of patients. This report reminds inexperienced clinicians of the special importance of sensory changes in the head and neck.

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