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Soltani Mohammadi S, Khajeh Nasiri A, Shoeibi G, Asheri H,
Volume 65, Issue 5 (3 2007)
Volume 65, Issue 5 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Propofol and Thiopental are intravenous anesthetics having relatively different hemodynamic influences and adverse effects. In addition, there is significant pain on intravenous injection of propofol. This study was performed to examine the effects of Propofol-Thiopental admixture on hemodynamic variables, pain on injection and hypnotic dose at the time of induction of general anesthesia.
Methods: One hundred and twenty-five ASA I or II patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomized into four groups for induction of anesthesia in a double-blinded manner. With an original concentration of Propofol of 1% and that of Thiopental of 2.5%, we used these drugs in each group as follows: group P100: Propofol alone group P75: ¾ Propofol and ¼ thiopental (volume/volume) group P50: ½ Propofol and ½ thiopental group T100: Thiopental alone (control group). Hemodynamic variables (before and after induction), score of pain on injection and hypnotic doses were recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: Admixture of Thiopental and Propofol reduces the injection pain of Propofol, as admixtures P75 and P50 were significantly less painful on injection than P100. Induction of hypnosis was significantly more rapid in group T100 than in groups P100 and P75. The interaction of Propofol and Thiopental with regard to their hypnotic effect is additive. Therefore a reduction in the dose of one was compensated by proportional increase in the dose of the other drug for a hypnotic effect. After anesthesia induction, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in group P100 than in groups P75, P50 and T100. The heart rate after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was significantly lower in group P100 than in groups P50 and T100.
Conclusion: Propofol-Thiopental admixture causes minimal pain on injection for intravenous induction of anesthesia with modified hemodynamic effects in comparison with each drug when used separately.
Kiani Asiabar A, Heidari M, Mohammady Tabar Sh, Faghihzadeh S,
Volume 65, Issue 6 (3 2007)
Volume 65, Issue 6 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Sexual function in women may be affected by their menstrual cycle. Lack of sexual drive is a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity. This study aims at determining the changes in sexual desire during the menstrual cycle and those associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and evaluates sexual desire during the menstrual cycle and the associated changes with PMS.
Methods: The sample for this cross-sectional study includes 150 women employed in factories in Tehran. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires and journals of premenstrual experiences.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that the mean age of the subjects was 31 years )standard deviation = 8.46(. The most frequent decrease in sexual desire was during the week prior to the start of menstrual bleeding (27.3%) and the least frequent was from the end of bleeding to one week before the next period of menstrual bleeding (5.3%). In 24.7% of the cases, an increase in sexual desire occurred during the middle of the menstrual cycle and 27.3% during the course of menstrual bleeding. Moreover, 10.7% of the subjects had an increase in sexual desire during the week before bleeding. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between changes in sexual desire and PMS (p<0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between changes in sexual desire and breast tenderness, joint and muscle pain.
Conclusions: The sexual desire of women, with or without PMS, changes during the menstrual cycle. The greatest decrease in sexual desire occurs during the first week before menstrual bleeding in women with PMS. Such information can greatly help toward understanding and treatment in sexual therapy for couples.
Khorsandi M T, Mohammadi M, Motasaddi Zarandy M, Mandegar M H, Yoosefnia M A, Sabetazad B,
Volume 65, Issue 7 (4 2007)
Volume 65, Issue 7 (4 2007)
Abstract
Background: Hearing is one of the most significant senses There fore, any defect can be frightening. The incidence of sever hearing loss following coronary artery bypass surgery has been estimated as one per thousand. This Prospective study carried out to determine hearing effects of coronary artery bypass surgery.
Methods: age, audiometric changes before and after surgery (hearing levels at multiple frequencies, speech reception threshold and speech discrimination score), minimum blood pressure during the operation, and the time on bypass, measured on One hundred consecutive patients who candidate for coronary artery bypass surgery and the results analysed.
Results: One hundred patients completed the tests. Based on hearing changes found on pre- and post-operative tests, the patients were divided into 3 groups: Those with no change (47 patients) according to their audiometric results those with slight changes ≤10 db (43 patients) and those having average deficits of more than 10 db (10 patients). All the patients were male. None of the patients had complete or severe sensorineural hearing loss. The third group had more prolonged pumping duration when compared with the others groups (p=0.002). Furthermore, 90 percent of patients with a sensorineural hearing loss more than 10 db had diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia as risk factors.
Conclusion: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a sequela in patients who undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery however, it was usually mild and asymptomatic. Pumping time during the operation is a significant factor in occurring of this complication. With proper treatment of underlying diseases and eliminating the risk factors with improvement of our cardiopulmonary pumps we probably can get better hearing results.
Golmohammadi T, Ansari M, Nikzamir A, Safary R, Elahi S,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (3 2007)
Volume 65, Issue 8 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Lead poisoning has proven to be one of the most important environmental health problems among developing countries with both direct and indirect effects on human life. Lead is known to cross the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and accumulates in soft and hard tissues. Lead can be excreted in urine, stool, milk, sweat, nails and saliva. During pregnancy and lactation, lead is released from bones into the blood along with Ca2+. The toxic effects of lead on various human tissues have been studied extensively, but few studies have addressed its impact on fetal development during pregnancy. Blood levels of lead are higher in people living in lead-polluted regions. It has been reported that Tehran (central and southern parts) is the most problematic city in terms of lead poisoning.
Methods: From 86 sets of mothers and newborns in a non-polluted area of rural Rasht, Iran, we examined specimens of maternal blood, cord blood and colostrum (86×3=258) and specimens from 85 sets of mothers and newborns in a polluted area of Tehran, Iran (85×3=255) for lead levels using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and analyzed the results by t-test, SPSS, and linear regression.
Results: The mean blood lead concentrations of mothers, cord blood of newborns and colostrum were 7.6±4.1, 5.9±3 and 4.2±2.5 μg/dl, respectively, in the non-polluted area and 9.1±8.4, 6.5±5.2 and 5.8±5.5 μg/dl, respectively, in the polluted area. The mean weights of the newborns in non-polluted and polluted areas were 3.2±0.5 kg and 3.2±4.5 kg, respectively.
Conclusions: Our data revealed an association between mean concentrations in blood lead of mothers and newborns and between mean concentrations of colostrum lead and newborn blood lead in both areas (p=0.01). There was no association between mean blood lead concentration of mothers with the weight of their newborns (p=0.89).
Mosleh A, Darbooy Sh, Khoshnevis Ansari Sh, Mohammadi M,
Volume 65, Issue 14 (Vol 65, Supplement 2 2008)
Volume 65, Issue 14 (Vol 65, Supplement 2 2008)
Abstract
Background: Rationalize of drug use in societies is one of the main responsibilities of health policy makers. In our country irrational use of dugs has increased in the recent years, for example one study in 1998 has shown that average number of medicines per prescription was 3.6, percentage of prescriptions containing antibiotics was 43% and percentage of prescriptions containing Injections was 39%. One of the best tools for evaluation of drug use is the WHO guideline for calculating prescribing indicators. In this study, we had an assessment about prescribing patterns in South of Tehran, Islamshahr and Rey Health Centers.
Methods: In order to evaluating prescribing indicators in Tehran University of Medical Sciences region 35 facilities which had pharmacy were selected according to WHO gridline and 4190 prescription from these facilities were studied. Indicators were calculated according to formulas has explained in article. Results: The average number of drug per prescription was 2.58, percentage of drug prescribed by generic name: 99.8%, percentage of encounters prescribed Antibiotics: 62.39% percentage of encounters prescribed Injection: 28.96% & the percentage of drugs prescribed from PHC formulary 99.46%. These findings were almost similar in the three Health Centers.
Conclusions: Health facilities are one of the most important bases to improve rational use of Drugs and general practitioners are the major chain in RUD cycle. Results show that we need to design intervention especially educational interventions to improve two WHO prescribing indicators, percentage of encounters prescribed Antibiotics & Injections in this region. For reaching this goals we need to design educational programs for physicians, pharmacists and people too. These educations can be as workshops, seminars, conferences or printed materials such as books, leaflets and etc
Najafi F, Ghaffarpour M, Najafi M R, Aghamohammadi A, Saadatnia M H,
Volume 66, Issue 1 (30 2008)
Volume 66, Issue 1 (30 2008)
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with multifocal areas of demyelination. Despite an increased understanding of the mechanisms causing MS, immunological factors that indicate disease activity are only starting to be discovered. Chronic brain inflammation is often associated with an increase in production of IgG in the CSF as determined by the IgG index (normal ≤0.77) and oligoclonal bands (OCBs). Different studies have found variable correlations between these two factors and disease progression. We herein evaluate the correlation of IgG index and OCB with disease progression in Iranian MS patients.
Methods: The IgG index was measured in 54 patients with multiple sclerosis. The progression index (PI), type of disease course and the presence of OCBs were compared in patients with normal, high and very high IgG index.
Results: PI was higher in patients with very high IgG indexes (0.10±0.13) vs. patients with high (0.06±0.05) and normal IgG indexes (0.05±0.07 p>0.05). Secondary progressive (SP) patients had higher IgG indexes than those with relapsing-remitting (RR) courses (2.04±1.24 for SP vs. 1.78±1.45 for RR p>0.05). The PI was higher in OCB-positive MS patients (0.08±0.10) vs. OCB-negative patients (0.05±0.04) (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Although the findings of this study need to be treated with some caution since this is not a prospective evaluation, the results indicate a trend toward better prognosis of the disease in patients with lower IgG index values. We think that the IgG index is a useful marker of disease activity in MS. Patients with IgG indexes above 1.1 could have an increased risk of progression and they would benefit from early treatment with immunomodulator agents. Our results did not reveal statistically significant prognostic value for IgG index in patients with multiple sclerosis. Thus the results warrant prospective studies to verify the prognostic value of intrathecal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis.
Rokniye Yazdi H, Shirmohammadi M,
Volume 66, Issue 2 (1 2008)
Volume 66, Issue 2 (1 2008)
Abstract
Background: Cirrhosis and portal hypertension influence the hepatic circulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of liver Doppler ultrasonography parameters in cirrhosis.
Methods: This case-control study involved 118 subjects. All case subjects had biopsy-proven hepatic cirrhosis. The controls were healthy people, case-matched for age and gender. All cases and controls underwent Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation. We compared the area under the ROC curve of each parameter for cases vs. controls using Fisher's exact test, with p <0.5 indicating significance.
Results: The means of the following parameters for case vs. control subjects were: frequency of portal venous flow inversion, portal vein diameter 12.67±2.72 vs. 10.59±1.69, and hepatic arterial resistance index 0.81±0.07 vs. 0.74±0.09. The mean hepatic artery pulsatility index (1.87±0.48 vs. 1.34±0.23), was significantly higher among the case subjects (P=0.001). The maximum flow rate of the portal vein was also significantly lower in the case subjects (16.50±5.59 vs. 36.74±8.74 cm/s, P=0.001). We did not observe significant differences in the means of the hepatic artery maximum flow rate and end-diastolic flow rate. For diagnosing cirrhosis, the application of 24.1 cm/s as the cutoff point for the portal vein maximum flow rate, we obtain an accuracy of 95.45% (91.23%-97.70%, CI=95%), whereas a cutoff point of 1.54 or more for the hepatic artery pulsatility index yields an accuracy of 85.71% (79.48%-90.29%, CI=95%). Utilizing a hepatic arterial resistance index of 0.765 or greater is associated with an accuracy of 71.05% (62.81%-78.11%, CI=95%) in diagnosing cirrhosis.
Conclusions: Doppler ultrasonography and assessment of hepatic artery and portal vein parameters are accurate methods in the diagnosis of cirrhosis.
Mohammadzadeh R, Kamal Hedayat D, Mohagheghi A, Tabatabaie A H, Darehzereshki A,
Volume 66, Issue 3 (2 2008)
Volume 66, Issue 3 (2 2008)
Abstract
Background: For the purpose of ascertaining myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia, the sensitivity of the initial 12-lead ECG is inadequate. It is risky to diagnose posterior MI using only precordial reciprocal changes, since the other leads may be more optimally positioned for the identification of electrocardiographic changes. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between electrocardiography changes and wall motion abnormalities in patients with posterior MI for earlier and better diagnosis of posterior MI.
Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled patients with posterior MI who had come to the Emergency Department of Shariati Hospital with their first episode of chest pain. A 12-lead surface electrocardiogram using posterior leads (V7-V9) was performed for all participants. Patients with ST elevation >0.05 mV or pathologic Q wave in the posterior leads, as well as those with specific changes indicating posterior MI in V1-V2, were evaluated by echocardiography in terms of wall motion abnormalities. All data were analyzed using SPSS and p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Of a total 79 patients enrolled, 48 (60.8%) were men, and the mean age was 57.35±8.22 years. Smoking (54.4%) and diabetes (48%) were the most prevalent risk factors. In the echocardiographic evaluation, all patients had wall motion abnormalities in the left ventricle and 19 patients (24.1%) had wall motion abnormalities in the right ventricle. The most frequent segment with motion abnormality among the all patients was the mid-posterior. The posterior leads showed better positive predictive value than the anterior leads for posterior wall motion abnormality.
Conclusion: Electrocardiography of the posterior leads in patients with acute chest pain can help in earlier diagnosis and in time treatment of posterior MI.
Fouladdel Sh, Mohammadi-Karakani A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Azizi E,
Volume 66, Issue 7 (6 2008)
Volume 66, Issue 7 (6 2008)
Abstract
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Background: Paraquat
is an herbicide produced and used prevalently worldwide. Studies have shown
that lung fibrosis induced by paraquat can be prevented or delayed by certain
antioxidants, iron chelating agents, melatonin, and, recently, blood pressure
lowering drugs such as captopril.
Methods: The protective effects of captopril on paraquat
toxicity were studied using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry to determine the gene and
protein expression of p53 and Bcl-2 in lung tissue samples from rats treated with captopril
before and after exposure to paraquat.
Results: We found no significant difference in the gene and
protein expression of p53 in different tissue samples, except for mRNA levels in the
lung tissue of captopril-treated rats. However, the protein expression of Bcl-2 is greater in tissue
from rats exposed to paraquat alone and paraquat together with pre- and
posttreatment with captopril compared to tissue from untreated control rats and
from those treated with captopril alone, which can be due to inflammatory
responses of lung tissue. By RT-PCR, we were unable to detect Bcl-2 in lung tissue
samples.
Conclusion: These results show that paraquat does not induce
significant DNA
damage therefore, the gene and protein expression of p53 was not changed.
Paraquat does induce lung tissue inflammation, which in turn increases Bcl-2 protein expression.
Finally, captopril had no significant effect on the lung tissue toxicity
induced by paraquat. Considering these results and the cellular interactions in
lung tissue, we suggest that complementary assays and in-vitro cell culture experiments be performed to further elucidate
the molecular events underlying paraquat lung toxicity.
Baigmohammadi Mt, Mohammadi M, Mahmoodpour A, Karvandian K, Aghdashi M,
Volume 66, Issue 7 (6 2008)
Volume 66, Issue 7 (6 2008)
Abstract
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Background: Lead poisoning could be associated with
gastrointestinal renal, hematologic complications and neurologic deficit.
Case report: The patient was an opium addict, forty
one years old male, to hospital admitted with gastrointestinal signs,
constipation, abdominal pain, severe weakness of upper and lower limbs without
any sensory impairment and with anemia, leukocytosis, and slightly increased
liver function tests. Serum level of lead was more than 200µg/dl.
After treatment with dimercaprol (BAL),
CaNa2EDTA
for two five days sessions that followed with oral succimer for three days,
signs and symptoms relieved, all laboratory tests became normal and blood level
of lead reduced but the patient was discharged with quadriplegia. There was no
fecal or urinary incontinence.
Conclusions: Because of irreversibility and severity of lead related neuronal injury,
we should suspect to lead poisoning in each patient with neuronal involvement
and concurrent GI and hematologic signs.
Valadan M, Rezaee Z, Mohammadpour J, Moghadami Tabrizi N,
Volume 66, Issue 8 (5 2008)
Volume 66, Issue 8 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: As an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for patients with intrauterine diseases, hysteroscopy permits a good view of the uterine cavity, thereby increasing diagnostic accuracy. Complications often encountered during hysteroscopy primarily concern problems with cervical dilatation and include uterine perforation, cervical tears, and the creation of false tracts. In this study, we investigate the utility of vaginal misoprostol for cervical dilatation in women undergoing hysteroscopy.
Methods: This triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was carried out at Mirza Khoochak Khan Hospital, Tehran, Iran. We excluded women who were pregnant, had genital tract infection, or history of cervical trauma. We randomly assigned 80 women with abnormal uterine bleeding or intrauterine lesions to receive either 200 μg vaginal misoprostol or placebo. Ten to twelve hours prior to hysteroscopy, the placebo or misoprostol was administered to the posterior vaginal fornix. Data regarding cervical response and outcome of operative hysteroscopy, as well as complications, were analyzed.
Results: The mean cervical width, as estimated by Hegar dilator, was significantly greater in the treated group (7.8±1.6mm) than that in the control group (5.6±2.2mm, p<0.001). In the misoprostol group, 28 (70%) patients required cervical dilatation, compared with 38(95%) in the placebo group (p=0.001). A significantly shorter median time of cervical dilatation to Hegar number 9 was found in the treated subjects than in the controls (60 vs. 180 seconds, p<0.001). The mean operative time was significantly shorter in the treated group (8.8±8.7 minutes) compared with that of the control group (13.1±10.1 minutes, p=0.043).
Conclusions: Vaginal misoprostol before operative hysteroscopy lessens the need for cervical dilatation, facilitating hysteroscopic surgery.
Gholam Alemohammad M, Rahimi E,
Volume 66, Issue 11 (3 2009)
Volume 66, Issue 11 (3 2009)
Abstract
Background: Direct monitoring of arterial pressure using a transducer system is not affordable in most operating rooms and ICU wards in Iran. It is, however, possible to use an aneroid manometer instead, but it is not standardized yet, nor studied enough and its measurements may not be interpretable.
Methods: To study the correlation of the arterial pressure readings between a manometer and a transducer system, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure was measured 105 times using both systems via arterial cannulation in seven patients during surgery. Mean arterial pressure was directly recorded in the transducer system, while it was calculated in the manometer system. In the manometer system, the extension tube was filled with saline halfway from the patient and the other empty end was connected to a manometer. The transducer and the air-fluid interface in the extension tube were positioned at same level. Correlation of the arterial pressures between the systems was tested using linear regression and Pearson correlation.
Results: Mean arterial pressure differed by 2 (1-3) mmHg [mean (CI 95%)] between the systems, however, pulse pressure was lower in the manometer system by 37 (33-41) mmHg. The mean arterial pressure in the transducer system (MAPT) correlated well and linearly with the systolic arterial pressure in the manometer system (SAPM) by R=0.966. Therefore, MAPT can be regarded as a function of SAPM through the following formula: MAPT = (1.03 ´ SAPM) - 7.34.
Conclusion: The mean arterial pressure in the transducer system can be reliably estimated by monitoring the systolic arterial pressure in the manometer system.
M Mohammadpour, M Jabbarvand Behrouz,
Volume 66, Issue 12 (5 2009)
Volume 66, Issue 12 (5 2009)
Abstract
The response of living tissues to the surgical trauma is associated with varying degrees of tissue repair and involves two distinct processes including replacement and regeneration. Replacement results in scar tissue formation instead of restoration of the normal architecture. However, regeneration leads to restoration of the original architecture leaving no sign of injury. Anti-proliferative agents are used to inhibit tissue responses to surgical trauma. Among them mitomycin- C and 5- FU had gained increasing applications in ophthalmic surgeries, including filtering glaucoma surgeries, laser vision correction with excimer laser by ablative surface refractive surgery, reconstructive surgeries for ocular surface disorders and removal of neoplastic tissues and secondary operations on nasolacrimal ducts. In this review article, the various aspects of applications of these agents including their mechanism of action, function, mode of application and complications in different ophthalmology fields are discussed.
Mohammadi M, Mirjalili A, Habibi Gh, Falahi Sh, Sarafnejad A, Eatemadi A, Boutorabi Sm,
Volume 67, Issue 1 (4 2009)
Volume 67, Issue 1 (4 2009)
Abstract
Background: Anti-dsDNA antibodies frequently found in the sera Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients, particularly in active disease stage. Nowadays exploit different eukaryotic and prokaryotic dsDNA as antigen source and different reagents as binder. The aim of this study to compared two dsDNA different sources and tow different kinds of reagents for binder in ELISA test.
Methods: In this study bacterial genomic DNA from E.coli (ATCC 25922) and genomic DNA from calf thymus extracted with high purity and were used as antigens for IgG anti-dsDNA detection by ELISA. To coat dsDNA in microtiter wells, tow different kinds of reagents including methylated -BSA and poly-l-lysine (for pre-coating) are used. Sera from systemic lupus erythematosus patients and from normal blood donors are used to assess sensitivity and specificity of our ELISA test in compared with IF test and commercial kits.
Results: Our results displayed pre-coating of microtiter plates with methylated -BSA reduce nonspecific binding reaction and the relative sensitivity and specificity of ELISA increased when calf thymus DNA is employed as antigenic source in compared with IF test and commercial kits 80%, 88% and 100%, 98% respectively, but when E.coli DNA is used 73%, 69% and 85%, 79%, respectively.
Conclusion: The genomic DNA from calf thymus is a potentially useful source of antigen for detection of anti-dsDNA by ELISA. Also the use of methylatted- BSA could have an effective role in reducing of nonspecific binding reactions.
Mohammadinia Ar, Bakhtavar K, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Habibollahi P, Keramati Mr, Fereshtehnejad Sm,
Volume 67, Issue 2 (5 2009)
Volume 67, Issue 2 (5 2009)
Abstract
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Methods: Sixty patients with various degrees of
fatty infiltration on liver biopsy and twenty normal subjects without any sign
of hepatic fat infiltration in ultrasonography examined using standard colour
and spectral doppler sonography. The waveforms of Hepatic Vein were classified
into three groups: regular triphasic waveform, biphasic waveform without a
reverse flow, and monophasic or flat waveform. The hepatic artery resistance
index was calculated as the mean of three different measurements.
Results: The mean BMI in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group and normal subjects was 26.9(SD=3.3) and 22.4(SD=1.7) Kg/m2, respectively with a
range of 22
up to 44 Kg/m2. Abnormal Hepatic Vein
waveforms (biphasic and monophasic) were found more frequently in doppler
sonography (p<0.001)
in patients with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (12 biphasic and 17 monophasic) compared to normal subjects. Hepatic artery resistance
index was significantly lower in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients [0.7(SD=0.1)] compared to normal
ones [0.8(SD=0.0)]
(p<0.001).
Conclusions: The incidence of abnormal hepatic vein waveforms is significantly higher in
patients with fatty infiltration compared to those who had no abnormality in
liver ultrasonography and these patients had a significant lower hepatic artery
resistance index. supportFields]> ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA
Majid Mahmoodi , Saeid Rajabalian , A Foroumadi , Saeid Hidarykeshel , Malihe Sadat Safavi , A Khoshzaban , Korous Divsalar , Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: 4-Aryl-4H-chromenes are novel anticancer agents which induce apoptosis in cancer cells. These compounds were found to induce apoptosis by targeting the tubulin/microtubule system in cell proliferation process. The aim of this study was to report cyototoxic and apoptosis inducing activities of a new series of synthesized 4-aryl-4H-chromenes compounds. Methods: The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthesized 4-aryl-4H-chromenes was investigated against a paned of human cancer cell lines including MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), A549 (lung carcinoma), HEPG-2 (liver carcinoma), SW-480 (colon adenocarcinoma), U87-MG (glioblastoma), 1321N1 (astrocytoma), and DAOY (medulloblastoma). The percentage of growth inhibitory activity was evaluated using MTT colorimetric assay versus controls not treated with test derivatives. The data for etoposide, a well known anticancer drug, was included for comparison. For each compound, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were determined. Apoptosis inducing activity were assessed by DAPI staining. Results: Preliminary screening showed that those chromenes analogs bearing phenyl-isoxazole-3-yl substitution or the derivatives containing methoxyphenyl in chromene ring exhibited cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing activity comparable with or even superior than the reference drug, etoposide. The compounds without this type of substitution have lower activity. Conclusions: Replacement of 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl group with thiazol ring in the synthesized derivatives reduced the cytotoxic activity. However, the derivatives with phenyl-isoxazole analogue showed potent cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing activity.
Majid Dadmehr , A Fattahzade , Shahab Kamali Ardakani , Farzad Bateni , Farideh Nejat , Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi , Behzad Eftekhar , Sara Ganji , Fatemeh Dadmehr , Bashir Nazparvar , Saeid Ansari ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated the variations in the anatomy of each segment of circle of Willis whereas a few have addressed the variations of this arterial circle as a whole. In this study the entire circle of Willis and its variations were studied in a cohort of Iranian people and compared with previous reports.
Methods: Anatomical variations of the circle of Willis in 132 brains of Iranian cadavers (102 male adults and 30 fetuses and infants) were studied. The dissection process was digitally filmed for further studies. Using computer software the external diameters of the vessels were measured and the circle variations were classified. The variations of the circle as a whole and segmental variations were compared with previous studies.
Results: Uni-and bilateral hypoplasia of posterior communicating arteries (PcoAs) constituted the most common variation in our study which was similar to previous works. Aplasia of the anterior cerebral artery (A1) and the posterior cerebral artery (P1) were not observed. In 3.3% of fetuses and infants and 3% of adult instances both right and left posterior communicating arteries were absent. There was one case of anterior communicating artery (AcoA) aplasia in adult group.
Conclusions: The anatomical variations discovered in Iranian circle of Willis in this study were not significantly different to those of more diverse populations reported in the literature. The main differences between the fetal and adult disposition are the diameter of the PcoA and the circular part of the P1.
Behnaz Haeri Behbahani , Ahmad Reza Dorosty , Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: The sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI) percentiles of CDC2000 standard which is used in determining obesity in Iranian children was compared with child real obesity identified by fat mass index (FMI) and obesity status in these children based on BMI and FMI was compared too.
Methods: Weight, height and triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness were measured in 1800 primary school children in Sabzevar, Iran. Fat mass (estimated from TSF) and weight were divided by height squared to calculate FMI and BMI, respectively. FMI at or above the 90th percentile of age- and sex- specific data in this study was considered as criterion for real obesity, and BMI≥95th and 85th
Conclusions: The efficacy of BMI in determining childhood obesity may be less than expected and it appears that FMI in comparison with BMI, is a better indicator of obesity in children, but more studies in this area are required.
Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri , Parisa Rahnama , Pejman Shadpour , Babak Teimourpour ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Data mining as a multidisciplinary field is rooted in the fields such as statistics, mathematics, computer science and artificial intelligence and has been gaining momentum in scientific, managerial, and executive applications in health care. Data mining can be defined as the automated extraction of valuable, practical and hidden knowledge and information from large data. Applying data mining in medical records and data is of utmost importance for health care givers and providers and brings vital and valuable outcomes. Data mining can help doctors come up with better recommendations and plans for treatment which actually in many respects have significant impact on patients’ life and satisfaction In this paper we have proposed and utilized data mining methods to extract hidden information in medical records of pelvis stone patients with ureteral stone. We have tried to design a decision support system model to be applicable for selecting type of treatment for these groups of patients.
Methods: We gathered needed information from Shahid Hashemi Nejad hospital. In this research we have used decision tree as a data mining tool, for selecting suitable treatment for patients with ureteral stone. This model can predict probability of success of each treatment.
Results: In this research we extracted effective attributes in selecting type of treatment for patients with ureteral stone.
Conclusions: By using this model we can have eight percent improvement in number of patients who have stone free output after treating. In fact, this model has a better functionality than expert system of hospitals.
Saeideh Dahaghin , Ahmadreza Jamshidi , Seyed Arash Tehrani Banihashemi , Jaleh Gholami , Mohammad Hossein Forouzanfar , Masomeh Akhlaghi , Alireza Khabazi , Elham Noorolahzadeh , Mojgan Barghamdi , Bozorgmehr Arabzadeh , ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in the world. This study presents the evidence on the prevalence of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis in urban community. To add to the evidence on the prevalence of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis in urban community.
Methods: Inhabitants (age≥15 yrs) in 22 randomly selected districts (Tehran) participated in a Community-Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) evaluating major rheumatic disorders, including osteoarthritis. Eventually, 10, 291 inhabitants completed a Questionnaire (75% response-rate). Trained interviewers asked participants whether they had had any pain, swelling, tenderness, or morning stiffness in the right/ left hand during previous seven days. Participants underwent a complete physical examination if they had any musculoskeletal complaint or extra-articular manifestation of rheumatic disease. Osteoarthritis was defined as presence of palpable nodules (Heberden’s/ Bouchard’s nodes, CMC1’s squaring), pain, tenderness, swelling, or a combination of them on that joint (DIP-PIP-MCP-CMC1). Clinical hand osteoarthritis was positive if at least one joint showed osteoarthritis.
Results: Symptomatic hand osteoarthritis was present in 2.8%(CI 2.3-3.4) (52.6% female, mean age 37.1±16.3). Prevalence was higher in females (4.3% vs. 1.3%, p=0.000) and increased with age (0.1% in people <30 versus 23% in people >70, p=0.000). The most common signs in the DIP, PIP and CMC1 joints were bony enlargement, followed by tenderness and pain on movement.
Conclusions: our study confirms the evidence of high prevalence of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis in an urban community. The prevalence, pattern of hand joints involvement and relationship with age and sex in this study performed in an Eastern community resemble those in Westerners, which calls for further attention by appropriate services.
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