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Maryam Sajadian , Zahra Shahrivar , Abolfazl Mohammadee , Valentin Artonian,
Volume 74, Issue 8 (November 2016)
Volume 74, Issue 8 (November 2016)
Abstract
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in adults, and associated with comorbidities and negative consequences in many parents of children with ADHD. The aim of this study was to determine ADHD and personality disorder in parents of children with ADHD compared to the healthy group.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and the analytic study were conducted in 2015 in Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital Tehran and the sample group consisted of 45 adult subjects with ADHD children and 45 healthy adults who were chosen control method. questionnaires Conner’s adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder questionnaires, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II), Conner’s parent’s scales between the two groups were completed, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Symptom Checklist -90- Revised (SCL-90-R) were completed in the group controlling. And for parents who had a score above the cutting point for the diagnostic assessment of personality disorder Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders, to assess personality disorders, as well as for the diagnostic assessment of ADHD in adults Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA) was conducted.
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Results: The incidence of ADHD in parents of children with ADHD than parents with healthy children was 6/5 equivalent and the prevalence of B cluster disorders, C cluster disorders, passive-aggressive personality disorder and depressive personality disorder in parents of children with ADHD was higher than the cut-off point parents with healthy children (P˂0.01). The most common subtypes in parents of children with ADHD were respectively mixed (attention- hyperactivity) (38.5%) and attention deficit (30.8%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD and personality disorders in parents of children with ADHD are more than parents with healthy. |
Maryam Esmaili , Nahid Tahan , Seyed Mojtaba Miri , Ali Montazeri , Alireza Akbarzade Bagheban ,
Volume 75, Issue 2 (May 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 2 (May 2017)
Abstract
Background: Low back pain is one of the most important causes of disability among people around the world. Although only 2-5% of low back pain disorders resulting from herniation of lumbar intervertebral discs but surgery for lumbar disc herniation is a common procedure. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between some bio-psycho-social variables and treatment outcomes in patients who undergo first time single-level lumbar discectomy.
Methods: This is a prospective observational analytic study comprised 100 patients (age range 18-73 years) underwent single-level lumbar disc surgery. The patients who met our inclusion criteria and were willing to participate in the study were recruited from the neurosurgery ward of Logman and Imam Khomaini hospitals in Tehran, Iran, between October 2015 and March 2016. The patient completed SF-36 quality of life Questionnaires before, one and two months after surgery.
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Results: In comparison to standard values, before the surgery patients had significantly lower baseline SF-36 (36-Item Short Form Survey) Questionnaire value in all 8 domains. The role limitations due to physical health had greatest impact on quality of life. At the eight weeks’ follow-up SF-36 scores showed significant improvement in both physical and mental scales. Age had no significant impact on mental scales of weeks’ Questionnaire but in age less than 30 years there was a positive relation between the patient’s age at surgery and physical aspects of quality of life. Although there was no significant difference in physical aspects of SF-36 Questionnaire between males and females but males had a significantly higher mean mental health score than females after surgery. Smokers had lower value of mental scales of SF-36 Questionnaire than in nonsmokers. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that surgery for lumbar disc herniation had a great impact on both physical and mental scales of SF-36 Questionnaire two months after surgery. Factors such as age, sex, smoking and psychological factors can play the role of predictor for patient’s outcomes after lumbar disc surgery. |
Hassan Boskabadi, Maryam Zakerihamidi, Fatemeh Bagheri,
Volume 75, Issue 2 (May 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 2 (May 2017)
Abstract
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Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common cause for readmission in the early neonatal period 5 to 36 percent of healthy term infants who are discharged from hospital are again hospitalized due to severe to moderate hyperbilirubinemia. Detection of major and minor risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice helps to identify high-risk infants and prevent neonatal jaundice. This study was performed aiming to evaluate the major and minor risk factors associated with jaundice in infants hospitalized. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 2207 term infants (<15 days) with hyperbilirubinemia (>15 mg/dl) in neonatal clinic or emergency unit or neonatal intensive unit, of Mashhad Ghaem Hospital, Iran, from April 2010 to May 2016. The jaundice of infants was confirmed by the pediatrician and laboratory tests. Then the researcher-made questionnaire containing maternal information and neonatal characteristics was completed. Values were expressed as mean±SD. Student t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used as appropriate. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Sixty one percent of neonates had major risk factors and 80% of neonates had minor risk factor for jaundice. For neonatal jaundice, the most common major risk factors were significant weight loss (27.5%), jaundice visible in the first 24 hours (16.3%), history of treatment with phototherapy and exchange transfusion in sibling (14.8%), Gestational age of 35 to 36 week (9.9%), ABO incompatibility (9.2%), RH incompatibility (3.3%) and G6PD deficiency (3.33%), and the most common minor risk factors were age over 25 years (51.4%), male (49.7%), history of hyperbilirubinemia in sibling (22.3%), diabetic mother's infants (1.5%). Conclusion: The major risk factors for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were significant weight loss, jaundice visible in the first 24 hours, history of treatment with phototherapy and exchange transfusion in sibling, gestational age of 35 to 36 week, ABO incompatibility, RH incompatibility and G6PD deficiency. |
Maryam Ataie , Atefeh Solouk , Fatemeh Bagheri , Ehsan Seyed Jafari,
Volume 75, Issue 4 (July 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 4 (July 2017)
Abstract
An increase in the average age of the population and physical activities where the musculoskeletal system is involved as well as large number of people suffering from skeletal injuries which impose high costs on the society. Bone grafting is currently a standard clinical approach to treat or replace lost tissues. Autografts are the most common grafts, but they can lead to complications such as pain, infection, scarring and donor site morbidity. The alternative is allografts, but they also carry the risk of carrying infectious agents or immune rejection. Therefore, surgeons and researchers are looking for new therapeutic methods to improve bone tissue repair. The field of tissue engineering and the use of stem cells as an ideal cell source have emerged as a promising approach in recent years. Three main components in the field of tissue engineering include proper scaffolds, cells and growth factors that their combination leads to formation of tissue-engineered constructs, resulting in tissue repair and regeneration. The use of scaffolds with suitable properties could effectively improve the tissue function or even regenerate the damaged tissue. The main idea of tissue engineering is to design and fabricate an appropriate scaffold which can support cell attachment, proliferation, migration and differentiation to relevant tissue. Scaffold gives the tissue its structural and mechanical properties, for instance flexibility and stiffness that is related with the tissue functions. Biomaterials used to fabricate scaffolds can be categorized into natural or synthetic biodegradable or non-biodegradable materials. Polymers are the most widely used materials in tissue engineering. Growth factors are a group of proteins that cause cell proliferation and differentiation. Two main cell sources are specialized cells of desired tissue and stem cells. However, according to the low proliferation and limited accessibility to the cells of desired tissue, stem cells are better suggestion. Combination of mesenchymal stem cells harvested from bone marrow, adipose tissue and cord blood with proper scaffolds and growth factors could be a useful method in treatment of skeletal injuries. In this review paper, we focus on the application of mesenchymal stem cells in the repair of damaged bone, cartilage, meniscus, ligaments, tendons and spine tissue.
Hassan Boskabadi , Maryam Zakerihamidi , Abbas Boskabadi ,
Volume 75, Issue 4 (July 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 4 (July 2017)
Abstract
Background: Jaundice is the common cause of hospitalization of infants in the first month after birth. Therefore, detection of risk factors associated with jaundice can effect on its process and complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of diabetic mother's infants and comparing with infants with unknown jaundice.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, among 2,800 infants with jaundice in Ghaem hospital in Mashhad during the 2007 to 2014, features of 59 infants of diabetic mother's (case group) and 78 infants with unknown jaundice (control group) were analyzed. After confirming of jaundice (Bilirubin ≥ 17 mg/dl) in newborns based on examination of pediatrician and laboratory results, a researcher made questionnaire containing maternal demographic data, (maternal age, parity, maternal problems during pregnancy, route of delivery). Also neonatal characteristics including age, sex, birth weight, current weight, duration of hospitalization, current age, age of recovery and laboratory data (Bilirubin, direct bilirubin, hematocrit, platelet, sodium, potassium, blood urea nitrogen, Cr, TSH, T4) were assessed. After data collection and recording information in SPSS software, version 19.5 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA), by using tables, charts and statistical indices, the study was evaluated. Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney, Chi-square tests after normality control. Comparison of the two groups in normal distribution with t-test and for non-standard data with Mann-Whitney test. Also for definitive variables Chi-square test was used. P-value less than 0.50 was the significant level minimum.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, among 2,800 infants with jaundice in Ghaem hospital in Mashhad during the 2007 to 2014, features of 59 infants of diabetic mother's (case group) and 78 infants with unknown jaundice (control group) were analyzed. After confirming of jaundice (Bilirubin ≥ 17 mg/dl) in newborns based on examination of pediatrician and laboratory results, a researcher made questionnaire containing maternal demographic data, (maternal age, parity, maternal problems during pregnancy, route of delivery). Also neonatal characteristics including age, sex, birth weight, current weight, duration of hospitalization, current age, age of recovery and laboratory data (Bilirubin, direct bilirubin, hematocrit, platelet, sodium, potassium, blood urea nitrogen, Cr, TSH, T4) were assessed. After data collection and recording information in SPSS software, version 19.5 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA), by using tables, charts and statistical indices, the study was evaluated. Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney, Chi-square tests after normality control. Comparison of the two groups in normal distribution with t-test and for non-standard data with Mann-Whitney test. Also for definitive variables Chi-square test was used. P-value less than 0.50 was the significant level minimum.
| Results: In this study, the prevalence of jaundice due to maternal diabetes was 2.10 percent. Birth weight (P=0.02), current age (P=0.003), parity (P=0.000), maternal age (P=0.000), age of recovery (P=0.04), cesarean section (P=0.001), prematurity (P=0.000), maternal problems during pregnancy (P=0.000), abnormal physical examinations (P=0.001) in diabetic mother's infants and Bilirubin (P=0.000), length of hospitalization (P=0.003), in infants with unknown jaundice were higher. Conclusion: The infant of diabetic mother are at increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. Neonatal complications consist of high birth weight, preterm labor, more jaundice and late recovery, abnormal physical examinations. Also, maternal complications during pregnancy and cesarean section were high. |
Maryam Roham , Mohammad Javad Fatemi , Mitra Niazi , Mahnoush Momeni ,
Volume 75, Issue 5 (August 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 5 (August 2017)
Abstract
Background: Albumin is one of the most important proteins in the body by several important functions, it is essential in the maintenance of normal plasma colloid oncotic pressure and is the primary serum binding protein responsible for the transport of various substances in the circulation including fatty acids, hormones, and drugs. Decrease in the amount of serum Albumin (Hypoalbuminemia) is a common finding in the burn patients, but its relationship with mortality is not accurately clear. Our purpose of this study was to measure the amount of Albumin serum in burn patients and find out its relationship between the burned area and length of hospital stay.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged over 16 years who referred to the Motahari Hospital of September 2014 to February 2015 in the first 24 hours of their referral. The amount of Albumin was measured in two groups of discharged patients and patients who died while hospitalized, one week after hospital stay and in the time of discharge and death; and its relationship in terms of each other was determined by statistical analysis. We also assessed the relationship between burn and duration of hospital stay with the amount of Albumin on the day of patient’s admission.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged over 16 years who referred to the Motahari Hospital of September 2014 to February 2015 in the first 24 hours of their referral. The amount of Albumin was measured in two groups of discharged patients and patients who died while hospitalized, one week after hospital stay and in the time of discharge and death; and its relationship in terms of each other was determined by statistical analysis. We also assessed the relationship between burn and duration of hospital stay with the amount of Albumin on the day of patient’s admission.
| Results: This study showed that the average amount of albumin in the group of discharged patients in the time of admission, one week after and during admission was significantly higher than the group of expired patients (P<0.0001). Also there was a significant relation between the burned area and the amount of albumin (P<0.0001). The more the burned area, the less the amount of Albumin. But there was no significant relationship between the amount of albumin with age and length of hospital stay. |
Conclusion: Measuring the level of Albumin is one of the yardsticks that can be used for prognosis of recovery or death of burn patients, and its assessment at regular intervals in burn patients is essential.
Maryam Khanmohamadi , Amir Seyed Ali Mehbod , Mojtaba Noraeepour , Mojtaba Didehdar ,
Volume 75, Issue 7 (October 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 7 (October 2017)
Abstract
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection, affecting up to 75% of women during their lifetimes. Approximately 5% of patients may experience recurrent VVC. Candida albicans is the most common causative agent of VVC. The objectives of this study were identification of candida species isolated of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis by molecular method in Arak city.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, between Jun 2015 to March 2016 from 210 patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis referred to gynecology and obstetrics clinics in Arak city, Iran. Vaginal sampling was performed by wet sterile swabs. Samples were collected from vaginal discharge, vaginal posterior fornix, and sides of the vaginal wall. The swabs were investigated for direct exam and cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium contain chloramphenicol. Yeast isolates DNA were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Fungal genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate colony, glass bead method and after amplification of ITS1-ITS4 region with PCR assay, digested by MSP I restriction enzyme.
Results: From 210 patients with vulvovaginitis, 95 (45.2%) patients showed VVC. These patients were positive for Candida growth in culture and were infected with one Candida species. The age range of women with vulvovaginitis was between 14-60 years and the most VVC cases were in age group of 21-30 years. The most common Candida species isolated were Candida. albicans (70.5%), C. glabrata (20%), C. tropicalis (7.4%) and C. parapsilosis (2.1%).
Conclusion: Regarding to the results of this study, C. albicans was the most common Candida species, isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis and approximately 30% of this infection causing by non-albicans species of Candida.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, between Jun 2015 to March 2016 from 210 patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis referred to gynecology and obstetrics clinics in Arak city, Iran. Vaginal sampling was performed by wet sterile swabs. Samples were collected from vaginal discharge, vaginal posterior fornix, and sides of the vaginal wall. The swabs were investigated for direct exam and cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium contain chloramphenicol. Yeast isolates DNA were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Fungal genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate colony, glass bead method and after amplification of ITS1-ITS4 region with PCR assay, digested by MSP I restriction enzyme.
Results: From 210 patients with vulvovaginitis, 95 (45.2%) patients showed VVC. These patients were positive for Candida growth in culture and were infected with one Candida species. The age range of women with vulvovaginitis was between 14-60 years and the most VVC cases were in age group of 21-30 years. The most common Candida species isolated were Candida. albicans (70.5%), C. glabrata (20%), C. tropicalis (7.4%) and C. parapsilosis (2.1%).
Conclusion: Regarding to the results of this study, C. albicans was the most common Candida species, isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis and approximately 30% of this infection causing by non-albicans species of Candida.
Fateme Khosravi Node , Farida Behzadian , Vahideh Mazaheri , Hadiseh Shokouhi , Maryam Saleh , Behrokh Farahmand ,
Volume 75, Issue 8 (November 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 8 (November 2017)
Abstract
Background: Each year, Human influenza A (H1N1) virus causes moderate to severe infections with a high prevalence throughout the world. Accordingly, the rapid, sensitive and cost-effective laboratory diagnosis based on viral antigen detection is important. Moreover, the generation of specific antibodies directed against Influenza antigens is essential to the success of both basic and applied research programs. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the major surface envelope glycoprotein of influenza virus, which is subsequently cleaved into two subunits, HA1 and HA2. Since most antigenic sites are in the HA1 domain of HA, HA1 domain of influenza virus was studied as antigen to produce polyclonal antibody.
Methods: In this experimental study we expressed and purified the recombinant HA1 protein in the second half of 2015 at department of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran and then prepared the polyclonal rabbit antibody against it. The vector of pET28aHA1 expressing HA1-His tagged protein of H1N1 influenza A/PR/8/34 virus was used for large scale production of HA1 into E. Coli (BL21). By changing expression conditions such as IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) concentration, time and temperature of incubation, the expression conditions for HA1 were optimized. The total cell protein harvested and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. All above mentioned experiments monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Results: The efficiency of HA1 recombinant protein was high, equal to 400-600 mg/ml of cell lysate. The polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing the rabbits using recombinant HA1 with Freund’s adjuvant according to standard protocols. Efficiency of the antiserum evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Determination of antibody level in the collected antiserum using serum-based ELISA showed that the specific antibody has risen well through the immunization schedule.
Conclusion: Our data shows that this polyclonal antibody has potential to be produced in rabbit. It will also be used in the future in influenza diagnosis as well as in other immunological applications such as western blot analyses, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry.
Methods: In this experimental study we expressed and purified the recombinant HA1 protein in the second half of 2015 at department of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran and then prepared the polyclonal rabbit antibody against it. The vector of pET28aHA1 expressing HA1-His tagged protein of H1N1 influenza A/PR/8/34 virus was used for large scale production of HA1 into E. Coli (BL21). By changing expression conditions such as IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) concentration, time and temperature of incubation, the expression conditions for HA1 were optimized. The total cell protein harvested and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. All above mentioned experiments monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Results: The efficiency of HA1 recombinant protein was high, equal to 400-600 mg/ml of cell lysate. The polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing the rabbits using recombinant HA1 with Freund’s adjuvant according to standard protocols. Efficiency of the antiserum evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Determination of antibody level in the collected antiserum using serum-based ELISA showed that the specific antibody has risen well through the immunization schedule.
Conclusion: Our data shows that this polyclonal antibody has potential to be produced in rabbit. It will also be used in the future in influenza diagnosis as well as in other immunological applications such as western blot analyses, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry.
Fateme Noorian Zavareh, Maryam Ameri , Roya Kordrostami , Nahid Dadashzade ,
Volume 75, Issue 8 (November 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 8 (November 2017)
Abstract
Background: Sex determination from human remains is a challenge for forensic experts. Many studies have shown that the finger length ratios might be characteristic for sexual dimorphism. The aim of this study was to determine sexual dimorphism in finger length ratios among Iranian population.
Methods: The study group comprised of a random sample of 100 healthy people without congenital or acquired skeletal malformation or other obvious diagnosed disease, with the age range from 19 to 35 years in Tehran and Kashan cities, Iran, from March to the end of August of 2017. The number of male and female samples were equal. The lengths of second (2D), third (3D), forth (4D) and fifth (5D) finger of both hands were measured from the basal crease of the finger proximal to the palm to the tip of the finger using a ruler with a precision of 0.01 millimeters. Exploratory analysis were performed. Different finger ratios including 2D:3D, 2D:4D, 2D:5D, 3D:4D, 3D:5D and 4D:5D were calculated.
Results: The mean ratio of right fingers R 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, 3:4, 3:5, 4:5 and mean ratio of left fingers L 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, 3:4, 3:5, 4:5 were not equal in the groups compared. The index and ring finger ratio is found to be higher in males than females. Ratios of L 2:4, 3:4 and R 2:3, 2:4, 2:5 showed higher values in males.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the 2D:4D ratio is the most decisive ratio which can demarcate between male and female in Iranian population. It may prove useful to determine the sex of an isolated hand in medicolegal examinations.
Methods: The study group comprised of a random sample of 100 healthy people without congenital or acquired skeletal malformation or other obvious diagnosed disease, with the age range from 19 to 35 years in Tehran and Kashan cities, Iran, from March to the end of August of 2017. The number of male and female samples were equal. The lengths of second (2D), third (3D), forth (4D) and fifth (5D) finger of both hands were measured from the basal crease of the finger proximal to the palm to the tip of the finger using a ruler with a precision of 0.01 millimeters. Exploratory analysis were performed. Different finger ratios including 2D:3D, 2D:4D, 2D:5D, 3D:4D, 3D:5D and 4D:5D were calculated.
Results: The mean ratio of right fingers R 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, 3:4, 3:5, 4:5 and mean ratio of left fingers L 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, 3:4, 3:5, 4:5 were not equal in the groups compared. The index and ring finger ratio is found to be higher in males than females. Ratios of L 2:4, 3:4 and R 2:3, 2:4, 2:5 showed higher values in males.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the 2D:4D ratio is the most decisive ratio which can demarcate between male and female in Iranian population. It may prove useful to determine the sex of an isolated hand in medicolegal examinations.
Hassan Boskabadi , Maryam Zakerihamidi ,
Volume 75, Issue 10 (January 2018)
Volume 75, Issue 10 (January 2018)
Abstract
Background: The length of maternal hospitalization in uncomplicated delivery has declined and it has become common event around the world. With the expansion of early maternal discharge from hospital in recent years, the identification, follow-up and proper treatment of neonatal problems such as jaundice have been confronted with challenges. Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common disease among neonates especially preterm neonates during the first week of life. This study was performed aiming to investigate maternal hospitalization duration after delivery and its effect on neonatal jaundice level.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 1347 newborns with the jaundice hospitalized in neonatal clinic or emergency unit or neonatal intensive units of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, during May 2011 to November 2017 were investigated. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing three parts. First part was maternal demographic information (age, long hospitalization, and mode of delivery), Second part was neonatal information (serum bilirubin, hematocrit and platelet) and third part was laboratory information (serum bilirubin, hematocrit, and platelet). The relationship between the severity of jaundice in hospitalized infants and maternal hospitalization duration were evaluated. Values were expressed as mean±SD. Student t-test, chi-square and Pearson coefficient tests were used as appropriate. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: 752 (fifty six percent) of mothers are discharged from the hospital at the end of first day. The mean maternal hospitalization duration was 1.31±0.57 days in normal delivery and 1.73±0.65 days in cesarean delivery (P=0.000). Pearson correlation test showed that increasing the duration of maternal hospitalization, some issues were observed including as decreasing serum bilirubin level (P=0.000) in newborns, increasing the admission age in hospital (P=0.045), decreasing daily weight loss rate (P=0.012) and decreasing the percentage of daily weight loss (P=0.002).
Conclusion: By increasing the hospitalization duration of the mother in hospital, serum bilirubin level, rate and percentage of daily weight loss in the newborns would be decreased.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 1347 newborns with the jaundice hospitalized in neonatal clinic or emergency unit or neonatal intensive units of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, during May 2011 to November 2017 were investigated. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing three parts. First part was maternal demographic information (age, long hospitalization, and mode of delivery), Second part was neonatal information (serum bilirubin, hematocrit and platelet) and third part was laboratory information (serum bilirubin, hematocrit, and platelet). The relationship between the severity of jaundice in hospitalized infants and maternal hospitalization duration were evaluated. Values were expressed as mean±SD. Student t-test, chi-square and Pearson coefficient tests were used as appropriate. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: 752 (fifty six percent) of mothers are discharged from the hospital at the end of first day. The mean maternal hospitalization duration was 1.31±0.57 days in normal delivery and 1.73±0.65 days in cesarean delivery (P=0.000). Pearson correlation test showed that increasing the duration of maternal hospitalization, some issues were observed including as decreasing serum bilirubin level (P=0.000) in newborns, increasing the admission age in hospital (P=0.045), decreasing daily weight loss rate (P=0.012) and decreasing the percentage of daily weight loss (P=0.002).
Conclusion: By increasing the hospitalization duration of the mother in hospital, serum bilirubin level, rate and percentage of daily weight loss in the newborns would be decreased.
Farzad Firouzi Jahantigh, Iraj Najafi , Maryam Ostovare ,
Volume 75, Issue 10 (January 2018)
Volume 75, Issue 10 (January 2018)
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal dialysis is one of the most commonly used treatment methods for the patients with end stage renal failure. In recent years, the mortality rate of patients under this treatment has decreased; however, long-term survival is still an important challenge for health systems. The present study aimed to predict the survival of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.
Methods: In this retrospective study, according to the difference of relative importance of demographic characteristics, laboratory data, dialysis adequacy parameters and nutritional status in various patients, the factors affecting the survival of peritoneal dialysis patients have been identified by random forest algorithm. Then, the clinical and laboratory data of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment were evaluated retrospectively from July 1996 to April 2014 in 18 peritoneal dialysis centers, using multi-class one against all support vector machine (OAA-SVM) and multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine (MBT-SVM) algorithms.
Results: 3097 patients were studied with the mean age of 50.63±15.67 years and average follow-up time of 24.48±19.13 months. The results of the random forest algorithm have identified 35 factors as the most important predictors of peritoneal dialysis patient’s survival. Then, the prediction of peritoneal dialysis patients’ survival status was evaluated using one against all support vector machine and multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine algorithms in 5 classes of patients including “still on peritoneal dialysis”, “transferred to hemodialysis”, “received a kidney transplant”, “died” and “improved kidney function”. The reliability of survival prediction algorithms were 51.99% and 89.57% respectively.
Conclusion: An accurate prediction model would be a potentially useful way to evaluate patients’ survival at peritoneal dialysis that increased clinical scrutiny and timely intervention could be brought to bear. So, in this research, the multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine algorithm has a high precision in predicting the survival of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients considering multiple evaluation indices and different class distribution functions.
Methods: In this retrospective study, according to the difference of relative importance of demographic characteristics, laboratory data, dialysis adequacy parameters and nutritional status in various patients, the factors affecting the survival of peritoneal dialysis patients have been identified by random forest algorithm. Then, the clinical and laboratory data of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment were evaluated retrospectively from July 1996 to April 2014 in 18 peritoneal dialysis centers, using multi-class one against all support vector machine (OAA-SVM) and multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine (MBT-SVM) algorithms.
Results: 3097 patients were studied with the mean age of 50.63±15.67 years and average follow-up time of 24.48±19.13 months. The results of the random forest algorithm have identified 35 factors as the most important predictors of peritoneal dialysis patient’s survival. Then, the prediction of peritoneal dialysis patients’ survival status was evaluated using one against all support vector machine and multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine algorithms in 5 classes of patients including “still on peritoneal dialysis”, “transferred to hemodialysis”, “received a kidney transplant”, “died” and “improved kidney function”. The reliability of survival prediction algorithms were 51.99% and 89.57% respectively.
Conclusion: An accurate prediction model would be a potentially useful way to evaluate patients’ survival at peritoneal dialysis that increased clinical scrutiny and timely intervention could be brought to bear. So, in this research, the multi-space mapped binary tree support vector machine algorithm has a high precision in predicting the survival of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients considering multiple evaluation indices and different class distribution functions.
Alireza Yousefi , Mohammad Sobhani Shahmirzadi , Mohammad Ali Vakili , Maryam Kochaki , Kambiz Eftekhari,
Volume 75, Issue 11 (February 2018)
Volume 75, Issue 11 (February 2018)
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis A is one of the most common viral infections in the world. In children, the manifestations of infection are usually milder but in adults they are more severe. The risk of acute hepatic failure increases when the infection occurred in the older ages. The aim of the study was to evaluate of serum hepatitis A antibodies in children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on two hundred children (two groups of hundred individuals each) aged 6 months to 10 years old hospitalized in the emergency department of Taleghani Hospital (Gorgan city) from May to July 2016. The first group aged 6 months to 3 years and the second group 3 to 10 years old. After obtaining the parental consent, 3 ml of blood sample were taken to determine immunoglobulin M (IgM) against HAV using commercial ELISA kits (Dia.Pro Diagnostic, Milano, Italy) and the children’s’ demographic data were recorded.
Results: The study was conducted on two hundred children. Of these patients 127 (63.5 percent) were boys and 73 (36.5 percent) girls. Overall, 11 percent [twenty-two patients including eight (8 percent) in the first group and Thirteen (13 percent) in the second group] were serologically positive for hepatitis A. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and sex. (P= 0.239) and (P= 0.535). Only 11 percent of children under 10 years old were infected by hepatitis A and 89 percent of children had no history of contact or infection.
Conclusion: Based on this study, the incidence of hepatitis A infection was about 11% in children under 10 years old, which indicates a reduction in exposure with this virus. It may seem reasonable based on health policy but the adverse effect of this trend is later probability of contacts with Hepatitis A patients and occurrence of HAV in older ages. Therefore, we can conclude that HAV infection has been shifted to older ages.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on two hundred children (two groups of hundred individuals each) aged 6 months to 10 years old hospitalized in the emergency department of Taleghani Hospital (Gorgan city) from May to July 2016. The first group aged 6 months to 3 years and the second group 3 to 10 years old. After obtaining the parental consent, 3 ml of blood sample were taken to determine immunoglobulin M (IgM) against HAV using commercial ELISA kits (Dia.Pro Diagnostic, Milano, Italy) and the children’s’ demographic data were recorded.
Results: The study was conducted on two hundred children. Of these patients 127 (63.5 percent) were boys and 73 (36.5 percent) girls. Overall, 11 percent [twenty-two patients including eight (8 percent) in the first group and Thirteen (13 percent) in the second group] were serologically positive for hepatitis A. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and sex. (P= 0.239) and (P= 0.535). Only 11 percent of children under 10 years old were infected by hepatitis A and 89 percent of children had no history of contact or infection.
Conclusion: Based on this study, the incidence of hepatitis A infection was about 11% in children under 10 years old, which indicates a reduction in exposure with this virus. It may seem reasonable based on health policy but the adverse effect of this trend is later probability of contacts with Hepatitis A patients and occurrence of HAV in older ages. Therefore, we can conclude that HAV infection has been shifted to older ages.
Maryam Asgari, Masoud Mohammadi,
Volume 75, Issue 11 (February 2018)
Volume 75, Issue 11 (February 2018)
Abstract
Farideh Zafari Zangeneh , Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh , Maryam Bagheri ,
Volume 76, Issue 1 (April 2018)
Volume 76, Issue 1 (April 2018)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common neuroendocrine-metabolic disorders at the infertile age. Patients with PCO often at risk for secondary complications including metabolic difficulties (impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus), reproductive (hirsutism, hypeandrogenism, infertility) and psychological features (worsened quality of life, anxiety, depression). Studies of the past decade suggest that the quality of life is important in the improvement of this syndrome. The purpose of this study was to provide an accurate pattern in the lifestyle of these women.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted to assess the lifestyle of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who referred to Vali-e-Asr Infertile Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, from March to February 2015. After filling the consent form, 168 women participated in this study with the age range of 20-40 years and the body mass index (BMI) less than 28 m2/kg. The dimensions of lifestyle in this study were evaluated by the following questionnaires: general qualities of life (GHQ-28), Pittsburgh sleep quality, depression-anxiety-stress (DASS-42) and researcher-made demographic questionnaire.
Results: The mean of BMI and weight in study group were higher than control group (P= 0.002) (P< 0.001). Symptoms of PCOS such as irregular cycle (P< 0.001) and hirsutism (P< 0.001) in the study group were greater than the control group. Sleep problems such as drug use (P= 0.048), late sleep (P= 0.024), and sleep adequacy (P= 0.049) were also higher in the study group than control group.
Conclusion: These results indicate that environmental factors can easily effect on the quality of life in PCO women. The pattern of sleep is not desirable. Menstrual disorder effects on the mood and the impact of the low income generates negative emotions and affects their quality of life, since the cost of treatment for infertility is high for the low-income families. Therefore, this study indicates that having proper weight and proper sleep can help to plan a correct pattern of lifestyle in these patients.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted to assess the lifestyle of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who referred to Vali-e-Asr Infertile Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, from March to February 2015. After filling the consent form, 168 women participated in this study with the age range of 20-40 years and the body mass index (BMI) less than 28 m2/kg. The dimensions of lifestyle in this study were evaluated by the following questionnaires: general qualities of life (GHQ-28), Pittsburgh sleep quality, depression-anxiety-stress (DASS-42) and researcher-made demographic questionnaire.
Results: The mean of BMI and weight in study group were higher than control group (P= 0.002) (P< 0.001). Symptoms of PCOS such as irregular cycle (P< 0.001) and hirsutism (P< 0.001) in the study group were greater than the control group. Sleep problems such as drug use (P= 0.048), late sleep (P= 0.024), and sleep adequacy (P= 0.049) were also higher in the study group than control group.
Conclusion: These results indicate that environmental factors can easily effect on the quality of life in PCO women. The pattern of sleep is not desirable. Menstrual disorder effects on the mood and the impact of the low income generates negative emotions and affects their quality of life, since the cost of treatment for infertility is high for the low-income families. Therefore, this study indicates that having proper weight and proper sleep can help to plan a correct pattern of lifestyle in these patients.
Farzaneh Naserian , Fatemeh Heshmati , Maryam Mehdizadeh Omrani, Reza Salarian ,
Volume 76, Issue 4 (July 2018)
Volume 76, Issue 4 (July 2018)
Abstract
Today, nanoscience has grown and developed in various medical and therapeutic areas, including cancer treatment. On the other hand, cancer and its types have been rumored and inclusive and many people suffer from this fatal and deadly disease. Currently, existing therapeutic method, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and etc., along with the therapeutic effect, cause complications that are unpleasant for patients. Hence, scientists and researchers are looking to develop and improve treatment options and methods to deal with this serious disease. Today, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become widespread, and its various fields, including nanoparticles, are widely used for a variety of applications, especially for delivery of drugs and diagnostic items and imaging cases. Nanotechnology-based release systems have a significant impact on the release of cancer drugs. Advances in bio-materials and bio-engineering are contributing to new approaches to nanoparticles that may create a new way for the improvement of cancer patients. Nano-technology in the drug release system has had a great impact on the selection of cancer cells, the release of a targeted drug, and overcoming the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. At the present many drug delivery systems are now made of nanoparticles, and various substances have been used as drug-stimulating agents or as a reinforcing agent to improve the efficacy of the treatment and durability and stability and also the safety of anticancer drugs. The materials used to release cancer drugs are divided into various categories such as polymer, magnetic, biomolecules. In the meantime, polymer nanoparticles have been organized in the carriers of anti-cancer nanoparticles due to the process of easy production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Although the loading of hydrophilic compounds is still confronted with limitations, due to the diversity of nanoparticle structures, it is possible to encapsulate various molecules. Also, surface changes and modification such as binding to antibodies and target ligands can also be applied to these materials, to act as target drug delivery to increase the effectiveness of treatment process. In this article, we will have an overview of cancer disease and cancer drugs and also nanoparticles and their contribution to cancer treatment.
Kamran Aghakhani , Maryam Ameri ,
Volume 76, Issue 6 (September 2018)
Volume 76, Issue 6 (September 2018)
Abstract
Although electrical energy is one of the best and cleanest energy sources, the proper protection and utilization of it, always and everywhere is problematic. One of the most important problems is electric shock and the dangers that can sometimes be lost in the lives of people. When a body or part of it is completely located in a strong power supply field or a contact with a device that is connected to a high voltage power supply, the person experiences an electrical burn. Electrical burn injuries account for about 5% of beds in large burn centers. The type of complications due to electrical burns varies according to the location of the current flow, its severity and tissue resistance. But usually the most severe physical and emotional complications are in the upper arms and legs of the body. While electrical injuries primarily result in burns, they may also cause fractures or dislocations secondary to blunt force trauma or muscle contractions. In high voltage injuries, most damage occur internally. On the other hand, psychological trauma and subsequent disability and unemployment problems affect the lives of electric burn victims. Understanding and managing the short-term and long-term complications of electrical burns is important in addition to proper and timely treatment of the injured person. Electric current with a high voltage of 1000 Volts causes a wide and deep burn which may not be estimated exactly at the onset of a visit by the doctor and also patient himself. So, it should be mentioned the issues legally, to the patients and their relatives, in terms of the severity of lesions and the complications of probable amputation. On the other hand, because prevention is always better than cure, so appropriate information through the mass media can reduce the number patients and their complications. In this review study, introducing various types of electrical burns and the reported statistics, various complications of electrical burn are discussed. Awareness of the incidence of electrical burns in the population and its various complications can help to plan and manage the problems of electric burn injuries, as well as adopting strategies to prevent these incidents.
Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi , Bahareh Sedaghati-Khayat , Sara Behnami , Fereidoun Azizi , Maryam Sadat Daneshpour ,
Volume 76, Issue 7 (October 2018)
Volume 76, Issue 7 (October 2018)
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a combination of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Given that genetic factors have been shown to contribute to individual susceptibility to MetS, the identification of genetic markers for disease risk is essential. Recent studies revealed that rs780094 and rs1260326 of glucokinase regulatory gene (GCKR) are associated with serum triglycerides, plasma glucose levels and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of GCKR gene variants with metabolic syndrome and its components.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted from April to August 2017. In this study, 8710 adults (3522 males and 5188 females), over 19 years, were randomly selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) population. Based on joint interim statement (JIS) criteria, the subjects were divided into two groups: case and control. Genotyping was performed by HumanOmniExpress-24 v1.0 BeadChips (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA).
Results: Allele frequencies were in conformity with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Comparisons of allele frequencies by the Chi-square test revealed that frequencies of TT genotype of both polymorphisms were significantly higher among patient group than healthy group. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender and CRP revealed that the GCKR polymorphisms (rs1260326: odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.6, rs780094: odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.2) were significantly associated with MetS. Frequency of TT genotype was more in persons who had C-reactive protein (CRP) levels above 3 mg/l. The minor T allele of both polymorphisms was significantly associated with increases in the blood serum concentration triglyceride and to a decrease in fasting plasma glucose levels.
Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that, rs780094 and rs1260326 common polymorphisms of the GCKR gene were associated with serum triglycerides levels, fasting plasma glucose levels, and metabolic syndrome in a sample of the Tehranian population (TLGS), as it was already confirmed the inverse effect of this polymorphisms on triglycerides and glucose levels in previous studies.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted from April to August 2017. In this study, 8710 adults (3522 males and 5188 females), over 19 years, were randomly selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) population. Based on joint interim statement (JIS) criteria, the subjects were divided into two groups: case and control. Genotyping was performed by HumanOmniExpress-24 v1.0 BeadChips (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA).
Results: Allele frequencies were in conformity with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Comparisons of allele frequencies by the Chi-square test revealed that frequencies of TT genotype of both polymorphisms were significantly higher among patient group than healthy group. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender and CRP revealed that the GCKR polymorphisms (rs1260326: odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.6, rs780094: odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.2) were significantly associated with MetS. Frequency of TT genotype was more in persons who had C-reactive protein (CRP) levels above 3 mg/l. The minor T allele of both polymorphisms was significantly associated with increases in the blood serum concentration triglyceride and to a decrease in fasting plasma glucose levels.
Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that, rs780094 and rs1260326 common polymorphisms of the GCKR gene were associated with serum triglycerides levels, fasting plasma glucose levels, and metabolic syndrome in a sample of the Tehranian population (TLGS), as it was already confirmed the inverse effect of this polymorphisms on triglycerides and glucose levels in previous studies.
Maryam Ameri , Soheila Ghorbani, Ebrahim Ameri , Forouzan Fares ,
Volume 76, Issue 8 (November 2018)
Volume 76, Issue 8 (November 2018)
Abstract
Background: In forensic anthropological identification, we usually use body remains. Accurate sex estimation from these remains is very important and needs the knowledge of specific population standards of that area. Sometimes, human remains are damaged by environmental circumstances. So, we must examine single bones for sex estimation. One of the relatively resistant bones to environmental conditions are hand bones. Specific hand phalanges and metacarpals have significantly different dimensions in two sexes depending to each population and can be a helpful tool to estimate the gender of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of estimating gender using phalanges and metacarpals dimensions in Iranian people.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on the X-ray images of adult people hands between the months of March and September 2017. They referred to Shafayahyaian Hospital, the educational and referral center of orthopedic disease of Iran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran. 200 adult persons (100 male and 100 female) without any background of specific disease, entered in our study. In each case, the length of D: distal phalanx, M: middle phalanx, P: proximal phalanx, MC: metacarpal, Fl: finger length, and T: total (Distal phalanx+middle phalanx+proximal phalanx+soft tissue of the finger tip) were measured in millimeter and reported in ratio. All analyses were done using SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Student t-test showed that many ratios were significantly different between two genders. It is concluded that the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges could be used for sex determination. The most valuable ratios were FL1/FL3 and MC4/MC5. Multivariate logistic regression test reported an equation by which the gender is predictable. Z= 5.856+ -3.904 X FL1/FL3+ -1.865 X MC4/MC5.
Conclusion: If “Z=0”, the gender is male and if “Z=1”, it is female without any doubt. In our knowledge, this study provides the first population sex estimation formulae from the hand bones in Iranian population. However, we need further studies in larger groups to use this equation for sex determination in forensic contexts.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on the X-ray images of adult people hands between the months of March and September 2017. They referred to Shafayahyaian Hospital, the educational and referral center of orthopedic disease of Iran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran. 200 adult persons (100 male and 100 female) without any background of specific disease, entered in our study. In each case, the length of D: distal phalanx, M: middle phalanx, P: proximal phalanx, MC: metacarpal, Fl: finger length, and T: total (Distal phalanx+middle phalanx+proximal phalanx+soft tissue of the finger tip) were measured in millimeter and reported in ratio. All analyses were done using SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Student t-test showed that many ratios were significantly different between two genders. It is concluded that the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges could be used for sex determination. The most valuable ratios were FL1/FL3 and MC4/MC5. Multivariate logistic regression test reported an equation by which the gender is predictable. Z= 5.856+ -3.904 X FL1/FL3+ -1.865 X MC4/MC5.
Conclusion: If “Z=0”, the gender is male and if “Z=1”, it is female without any doubt. In our knowledge, this study provides the first population sex estimation formulae from the hand bones in Iranian population. However, we need further studies in larger groups to use this equation for sex determination in forensic contexts.
Glareh Koochakpoor, Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani , Maryam Sadat Daneshpour , Parvin Mirmiran , Fereidoun Azizi ,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (January 2019)
Volume 76, Issue 10 (January 2019)
Abstract
Background: There are contradictions in the role of genetic variations and food group intake on metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was aimed at examining the interaction between food groups and CCND2 rs11063069, ZNT8 rs13266634 and MC4R rs12970134 polymorphisms, regarding MetS and its components.
Methods: In this matched nested case-control study (2006-2014), the data of 1634 (817 pairs) case and controls were selected among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). The cases and controls were matched by age, sex and number of follow-up years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Polymorphisms were genotyped.
Results: A significant interaction was observed between rs12970134 and green vegetable, read meat, and soft drink, in relation to the risk of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglyceride (TG) and high fasting blood glucose (FBG), respectively (P<0.05). The consumption of vegetables altered the effect of rs11063069 on MetS. Among G allele carriers, being in the highest quartiles of vegetables intake had a decrease risk of MetS, compared to those in the lowest quartile (P=0.007), but this trend was not observed in AA genotype carrier. There was also a significant interaction between rs13266634 and salty snack and fish intakes, in relation to the risk of abdominal obesity (P<0.05). Increasing salty meals by CT+TT genotypes carriers increased the odds ratio of abdominal obesity, while in the CC genotype, this increase was not observed. A significant interaction was also observed between rs11063069 with other vegetables, red-yellow vegetable and fruit intake respectively, regarding the risk of high FBG, low HDL-C and high blood pressure (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the interaction between food groups and MC4R, ZNT8 and CCND2 polymorphisms. To reduce the risk of MetS, high risk allele carriers of rs12970134 must avoid meat consumption, while in high risk allele carriers of rs11063069 and rs13266634, vegetables and fish should be consumed.
Methods: In this matched nested case-control study (2006-2014), the data of 1634 (817 pairs) case and controls were selected among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). The cases and controls were matched by age, sex and number of follow-up years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Polymorphisms were genotyped.
Results: A significant interaction was observed between rs12970134 and green vegetable, read meat, and soft drink, in relation to the risk of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglyceride (TG) and high fasting blood glucose (FBG), respectively (P<0.05). The consumption of vegetables altered the effect of rs11063069 on MetS. Among G allele carriers, being in the highest quartiles of vegetables intake had a decrease risk of MetS, compared to those in the lowest quartile (P=0.007), but this trend was not observed in AA genotype carrier. There was also a significant interaction between rs13266634 and salty snack and fish intakes, in relation to the risk of abdominal obesity (P<0.05). Increasing salty meals by CT+TT genotypes carriers increased the odds ratio of abdominal obesity, while in the CC genotype, this increase was not observed. A significant interaction was also observed between rs11063069 with other vegetables, red-yellow vegetable and fruit intake respectively, regarding the risk of high FBG, low HDL-C and high blood pressure (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the interaction between food groups and MC4R, ZNT8 and CCND2 polymorphisms. To reduce the risk of MetS, high risk allele carriers of rs12970134 must avoid meat consumption, while in high risk allele carriers of rs11063069 and rs13266634, vegetables and fish should be consumed.
Maryam Mohammadlou , Maryam Abdollahi , Parviz Kokhaei,
Volume 76, Issue 11 (February 2019)
Volume 76, Issue 11 (February 2019)
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of B CD5+cells and is the most common type of leukemia in adults. The disease is more common in men over 50 years in western countries. CLL is associated with defective apoptosis in B cells. CLL was traditionally regarded as a disease that occurs before naïve B cells meet the antigen in the lymph nodes. Laboratory diagnosis requires white blood cell count, blood smear and immunophenotyping of lymphoid cells by flow cytometry. The disease most often associated with the accumulation of CD5+ CD19+ and CD23+ B cell with reduced number of surface membrane immunoglobulin in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Clinical progression of CLL is heterogeneous, some patients need treatment immediately after diagnosis, and others do not require treatment for many years after diagnosis. Over the past decades, considerable effort has been made to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous clinical course of the disease and finding prognostic markers for clinical classification. Patients with advanced Binet or Rai stages of disease require treatment. In addition to the interactions that exist between CLL cells, number of non-tumor cell types such as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), nurse like cells (NLCs), follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), T cells, and some cytokines like IL-4 in tumor microenvironment play an important role in the CLL pathogenesis. Various factors including: IGVH mutation status, genetic variation, patient age and presence of other disorders are important for disease management and the type of treatment. CLL patients carrying p53 pathway dysfunction have poor prognosis and poor responses to therapy and very short survival. Available treatments include chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, or drugs targeting B cell receptor signaling, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) or inhibitors of apoptosis, such as BCL2 and new class of small molecules. Understanding the CLL biology is important in identifying high-risk patients as well as the drug and relevant therapeutic methods for better management of patients. In this review paper, the microenvironment and genetic abnormalities in the CLL as well as new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on the new understanding of molecular biology of CLL are discussed.
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