Search published articles
Showing 113 results for Type of Study: Brief Report
Saeedeh Parvaresh, Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki , Elaheh Hayatbakhsh , Maedeh Jafari, Fatemeh Karami Robati ,
Volume 80, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Volume 80, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background: Tic disturbances are a group of developmental neurological disorders that often occur in childhood because of abrupt and automatic constrictions of muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with a tic disorders.
Methods: This present case-control research was performed on 63 children with tic disorders and 63 children who were healthy and were referred to Besat clinics in Kerman, Iran from October 2019 to October 2020. The clinical information of patients with tic disorders was collected using a questionnaire. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D3 levels were assessed in patients with tic disturbances after identifying tic disorder.
Methods: This present case-control research was performed on 63 children with tic disorders and 63 children who were healthy and were referred to Besat clinics in Kerman, Iran from October 2019 to October 2020. The clinical information of patients with tic disorders was collected using a questionnaire. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D3 levels were assessed in patients with tic disturbances after identifying tic disorder.
|
Results: In the group of children with tic disorders, the highest number of patients were girls and in the group of children who were healthy, the highest number of patients were girls. The average age of patients in the case group was 10.37±0.31 years old and the average age of patients in the control group was 10.06±0.41 years old. The average age difference between the children with tic disorders and healthy children was not statistically significant (P=0.971). The average body mass index (BMI) in the case group was 16.98±0.35 and the average BMI in the control group was 16.0±84.56. The average body mass index difference between the children with tic and healthy children was not statistically significant (P=0.838). The mean serum Vit 25(OH) D3 levels in the control group were higher than the average serum level of vitamin D in the case group. The mean serum vitamin D level difference between the children with tic disorders and healthy children was statistically considerable (P=0.036).
Conclusion: The results showed that the average serum level of vitamin D in children with tic disorders was significantly lower than in children who were healthy. To investigate and confirm this relationship, more long-term studies with a larger number of patients are needed. |
Leila Shirani-Bidabadi , Abass Aghaei-Afshar , Saeideh Kazemi , Ismaeil Alizadeh, Moghadameh Mirzaee , Mohammad-Amin Gorouhi ,
Volume 80, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Volume 80, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background: Head lice is one of the threats to public health in advanced and developing societies. In previous studies in Kerman Province, the rate of head lice infection was reported to be 3.8%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of head lice infection among female students of elementary schools of Kerman, and to identify the factors involved.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study from September 2019 to March 2019. The statistical population in the present study was female students from first to sixth grade of elementary school in districts one and two of Kerman. In selected schools, 2850 female students were examined by census. 179 people were randomly selected from different classes and after the examination; a questionnaire was completed for each of them. The extracted data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests. Odds Ratio was analyzed with 95% confidence (at the level of P<0.05).
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study from September 2019 to March 2019. The statistical population in the present study was female students from first to sixth grade of elementary school in districts one and two of Kerman. In selected schools, 2850 female students were examined by census. 179 people were randomly selected from different classes and after the examination; a questionnaire was completed for each of them. The extracted data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests. Odds Ratio was analyzed with 95% confidence (at the level of P<0.05).
|
Results: Female students whose mothers were illiterate were 3.51 times more likely to develop head lice. Students who bathed once a week were 0.03 times more likely, and those who shared personal items were 3.6 times more likely to develop the disease. In terms of father occupation, the highest incidence of head lice among the subjects was 8 people (66.7%) related to people whose father job was free and the lowest was related to other occupations of 4 people (33.4%). There was no significant relationship between father's job and head lice infection in the subjects (P=0.061).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the high infection rate of head lice in elementary school students of Kerman. This high level of infestation can cause more contamination among female students consequently, and may cause students to drop out of the school. Serious attention to reducing this infection by holding educational classes for school principals and teachers, as well as parents, seems necessary. |
Marzieh Khademi, Maryam Masaeli, Mehdi Azarmnia, Masoud Shahabian, Maziar Karamnejad, Mohammad Reza Azimi Aval , Azadeh Asghari Birbaneh,
Volume 80, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Volume 80, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Trauma is one of the most common causes of death in all ages. Considering the prevalence of trauma in the general population, and its costs and complications, it is important to use aiding tools to accelerate the diagnosis in order to act in time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in diagnosing nerve and tendon injuries in the upper extremities.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out at the emergency department of the Besat Hospital, Tehran from march 2018 to march 2019. The statistical population was all patients who had been referred with deep lacerations in upper extremities and had injuries in the superficial or deep compartments (nerves/ tendons). For all the patients who met the inclusion criteria, bedside sonography with 11 Mhz Linear probe was performed by the researcher and under the supervision of the radiologist. The results were compared with the results from local exploration of the wounds. Local exploration of the wounds was also done under the surgeon's supervision. After completing the sample size and data collection, SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out at the emergency department of the Besat Hospital, Tehran from march 2018 to march 2019. The statistical population was all patients who had been referred with deep lacerations in upper extremities and had injuries in the superficial or deep compartments (nerves/ tendons). For all the patients who met the inclusion criteria, bedside sonography with 11 Mhz Linear probe was performed by the researcher and under the supervision of the radiologist. The results were compared with the results from local exploration of the wounds. Local exploration of the wounds was also done under the surgeon's supervision. After completing the sample size and data collection, SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis
|
Results: In this study, from 144 patients with penetrating trauma in the upper extremities, 56 patients were suspected with nerve injuries and 50 patients were suspected with tendon injuries. After evaluation with an ultrasound probe, 21 out of 23 cases suspected of nerve injuries were confirmed by local exploration. Local exploration confirmed that 27 out of 28 cases were suspected of tendon injuries. The accuracy of ultrasound in the assessment of nerve damage was estimated at 99.64% and in tendon damage at 92%, and the sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of nerve damage was 91.30% and in the diagnosis of tendon damage was 96.42%.
Conclusion: By the results of this research it can be concluded, that ultrasound leads to a faster diagnosis. It provides a wider field of view, can reduce possible secondary injuries and increases the accuracy of the diagnosis. |
Leila Sadati, Peigham Heidarpoor, Babak Sabet , Shahram Yazdani ,
Volume 80, Issue 5 (8-2022)
Volume 80, Issue 5 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background: The training and education of competent and qualified surgeons have been one of the challenges of the surgical profession. The concept of surgical competence has been affected widely due to a series of developments in the new disease emergence, various surgical techniques and the introduction of advanced tools and equipment into the operating. The development of surgical competence and achieving this goal requires accurate identification and analysis of the dimensions of competence. This study was done to explain the concept of surgical competence using the 8-step Walker and Avant approach.
Methods: This study is a qualitative study that was conducted from May- October 2016 at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The present study is a qualitative and conceptual analysis study, which is done with Walker&Avant's eight-step approach to determine the defining characteristics of the concept of surgical competence. A systematic search was conducted between 1990 and 2020 by keywords search such as surgery, surgical, operation OR laparoscopy AND competence competency development competency proficient, proficiency, expertise, clinical, in the database like Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, Magiran, Scopus, Web of Science. Twenty articles were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Moreover, the defining features of the concept were extracted from it.
Methods: This study is a qualitative study that was conducted from May- October 2016 at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The present study is a qualitative and conceptual analysis study, which is done with Walker&Avant's eight-step approach to determine the defining characteristics of the concept of surgical competence. A systematic search was conducted between 1990 and 2020 by keywords search such as surgery, surgical, operation OR laparoscopy AND competence competency development competency proficient, proficiency, expertise, clinical, in the database like Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, Magiran, Scopus, Web of Science. Twenty articles were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Moreover, the defining features of the concept were extracted from it.
|
Results: Based on the results of this study, the concept of surgical competence was defined and the four dimensions of elements, goals, components and the process of developing surgical competence were identified. Then, by clarifying the characteristics of surgical competence, a model of surgical competence development was drawn. Surgical competence development depends on the acquisition of specialized knowledge and numerous skills that are acquired through experience and deliberated practice under the supervision of others in the surgical community of practice and over time.
Conclusion: Surgical competence is a set of observable and measurable skills that allows a surgeon to manage the surgical process independently pbt while maintaining the patient's safety. It includes specialized knowledge, communication skills, cognitive and technical skills, and basic surgical skills. |
Hossein Ghorbani, Mohammad Ranaee, Alireza Firouzjahi, Zahra Ahmadnia, Samaneh Rouhi, Farzane Jafarian, Rouzbeh Mohammadi Abandansari , Somayeh Ahmadi Gorji,
Volume 80, Issue 5 (8-2022)
Volume 80, Issue 5 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background: Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis is common in tropical and subtropical regions. To prevent and treat these diseases, information on the distribution and frequency of these parasites in different geographical areas is needed. Due to the importance of diseases in the northern provinces of Iran, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis.
Methods: From April 2011 to March 2020, stool samples from patients who were referred to Rouhani hospital in Mazandaran province, Babol, were gathered. For stool samples, microscopic detection was performed immediately using the wet expansion method, followed by a formal-ether concentration process. Based on the sample size calculation, the minimum number of patients with Strongyloides stercoralis infection was considered to be 380 patients from the years 2011-2020. Mean and standard deviation indices were used to describe quantitative data and numbers and percentages were used to describe qualitative data.
Methods: From April 2011 to March 2020, stool samples from patients who were referred to Rouhani hospital in Mazandaran province, Babol, were gathered. For stool samples, microscopic detection was performed immediately using the wet expansion method, followed by a formal-ether concentration process. Based on the sample size calculation, the minimum number of patients with Strongyloides stercoralis infection was considered to be 380 patients from the years 2011-2020. Mean and standard deviation indices were used to describe quantitative data and numbers and percentages were used to describe qualitative data.
|
Results: Out of the total number of 39,800 archived patient files that were reviewed, a total of 420 (1.05%) patients were confirmed for the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis in their feces. The age range of patients was 3 to 89 years. The population of male patients (249 patients) was higher than females (171 patients). In patients with positive Strongyloides stercoralis, disease symptoms were positive in 206 patients and negative in 214 patients. The most common underlying disease in patients was abdominal pain (220 patients). 271 patients received steroids.
Conclusion: Strongyloides stercoralis infection was detected in the northern region of Iran. The prevalence of this parasite was higher in men, the elderly, and people with underlying comorbidities. These results can be used to identify and compare areas where the prevalence of infection is higher. Therefore, revealing the effect of Strongyloides stercoralis infection on public health makes the need for in-depth clinical and diagnostic studies important. People with chronic diseases, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, should be screened for parasitic diseases. |
Monireh Rahimkhani,, Zahra Rajabi,
Volume 80, Issue 7 (10-2022)
Volume 80, Issue 7 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background: Considering the frequency of MRSA strains in hospitals and medical centers as well as in different communities, it seems necessary and important to observe the use of appropriate drugs in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and reduce the economic costs of treatment. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA isolated from blood and wound samples of patients. The study patients were hospitalized in different departments in a number of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study from September 2021 to February 2022, the blood and wound samples of the patients were collected and referred to laboratory. Staphylococcus aureus had identified by phenotypic and biotypic tests. MRSA isolates were screened by showing resistance to Cefoxitin by disc diffusion method and finally confirmed by examining the mecA gene by PCR. The microbial resistance pattern of MRSA was also measured by disk diffusion method and resistance to Vancomycin was confirmed by E.test.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study from September 2021 to February 2022, the blood and wound samples of the patients were collected and referred to laboratory. Staphylococcus aureus had identified by phenotypic and biotypic tests. MRSA isolates were screened by showing resistance to Cefoxitin by disc diffusion method and finally confirmed by examining the mecA gene by PCR. The microbial resistance pattern of MRSA was also measured by disk diffusion method and resistance to Vancomycin was confirmed by E.test.
|
Results: 41 isolates from 87 Staphylococcus aureus samples were confirmed as MRSA by present the mecA gene. The mecA gene was detected in all MRSA by PCR method. The antibiotic resistance pattern showed the highest sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid with 100% sensitivity and the highest resistance to three antibiotics Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone and Cloxacillin with 97.57%by disk diffusion method. The most MRSA strains were isolated from the ICU department with 13 cases and the least MRSA strains were isolated from the two NICU and pediatric departments with one case.The majority of the population infected with MRSA belonged to the age group of 40-65 years.
Conclusion: The prevalence of microbial resistance with high dispersion was obtained among MRSA strains isolated from clinical samples; which indicates a significant increase in resistant strains and requires a quick and timely diagnosis to prescribe the appropriate antibiotic. |
Mohamad Ali Damghani , Ayeh Shamsadini , Elham Abbaszade,
Volume 81, Issue 6 (9-2023)
Volume 81, Issue 6 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: Otalgia is defined as pain localizing in the ear that can be primary or referred. By careful history and physical examination, all causes in this extensive differential diagnosis can be excluded. Given that otalgia is one of the most common causes for patients to visit the clinic and has a wide variety of differential diagnosis, the purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of different etiologies of ear pain in patients referred to referral clinic.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients presenting with otalgia. After entering the study, the patient underwent a thorough examination of the ear, nose, throat, head and neck, teeth and salivary glands by a resident under the supervision of a senior otologist, and based on the findings, relevant para clinical procedures such as x-ray, CT scan or stroboscopy were performed. Data collection was done based on a data log check list. Samples were collected during six months. SPSS software version 20 was used for analyses.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients presenting with otalgia. After entering the study, the patient underwent a thorough examination of the ear, nose, throat, head and neck, teeth and salivary glands by a resident under the supervision of a senior otologist, and based on the findings, relevant para clinical procedures such as x-ray, CT scan or stroboscopy were performed. Data collection was done based on a data log check list. Samples were collected during six months. SPSS software version 20 was used for analyses.
|
Results: The most common causes of otalgia were acute otitis media 29%, external otitis 17% and chronic otitis media 15%. Cerumen and referral ear pain were next in line (13.5%). There was significant relationship between otalgia with age groups (The age between 13 and 30 years were the most referred due to otalgia). There was no significant relationship between otalgia and gender, underlying disease, economic status, smoking and opium use.
|
Conclusion: Given that otalgia is a common complaint in patients referred to the clinic, knowing its causes and origin is useful in diagnosing, proper treating it and avoiding unnecessary para clinical procedures and empirical treatment. The most common causes of otalgia in this study were acute otitis media, otitis externa and chronic otitis media, respectively. Referral otalgia and cerumen impaction were the next causes. Among the age groups, the age between 13 and 30 years were the most referred due to otalgia, but there was no significant relationship with any of the variables of gender, economic status and smoking and opium use.
Mohammad Mahdi Gholamian , Mehrnoush Dianatkhah, Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi, Ehsan Shirvani,
Volume 81, Issue 8 (11-2023)
Volume 81, Issue 8 (11-2023)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adherence to the ESC 2020 guideline for the management of NSTE-ACS patients admitted to Shahid Chamran Cardiology Hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2021.
Methods: In this retrospective study which was done during April 2021 to September 2021 we reviewed the hospital documents of 239 NSTE-ACS patients, in regard to prescribed medication during the admission period in Shahid Chamran Heart Center. Guideline-adherence was evaluated according to ESC2020 guideline. Totally 18 items were evaluated including Antiplatelet (Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, and Prasugrel) Anticoagulant (Heparin or Enoxaparin), PPI, Statin, Beta blocker, and RAAS blockers (including ACEI/ARB or MRA). In each section the selected drug and the administered dose were compared with the guideline and the guideline adherence for each part was expressed as percent.
Methods: In this retrospective study which was done during April 2021 to September 2021 we reviewed the hospital documents of 239 NSTE-ACS patients, in regard to prescribed medication during the admission period in Shahid Chamran Heart Center. Guideline-adherence was evaluated according to ESC2020 guideline. Totally 18 items were evaluated including Antiplatelet (Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, and Prasugrel) Anticoagulant (Heparin or Enoxaparin), PPI, Statin, Beta blocker, and RAAS blockers (including ACEI/ARB or MRA). In each section the selected drug and the administered dose were compared with the guideline and the guideline adherence for each part was expressed as percent.
|
Results: Almost complete guideline adherence was described for 12 out of 18 reviewed items (77%). However, guideline adherence in relation to the type of medicine chosen as an antiplatelet was reported to be very low, and only 1.2% of the cases received ticagrelor or prasugrel which are the guideline recommended antiplatelet agent. Additionally, most of the administered GP2b3a antagonist agents such as eptifibatide were not in accordance with the guideline (Guideline adherence 39.74%). Also, the choice of the anticoagulant agent was among the items with low guideline adherence (29.76%) and the cross-over between anticoagulants (changing heparin to enoxaparin or vice versa) which has been inhibited by the guideline was seen with high incidence in this center (78 cases).
Conclusion: The present study showed relatively high guideline adherence in the most aspects of medical management. However, compliance was reported to be low in relation to the antiplatelet selection, the choice of the anticoagulant agent, and the indication for GP2b3a antagonist use, which maybe due to the higher cost of recommended agents, and shortage of some medications and dosage forms in Iran. |
Jafar Hassanzadeh, Haleh Ghaem Maralani , Fatemeh Jafari , Aboubakr Jafarnezhad,
Volume 81, Issue 11 (2-2024)
Volume 81, Issue 11 (2-2024)
Abstract
Background: It is necessary to examine different dimensions of psychometrics in different sciences, and paying attention to the accuracy and precision of the results can lead to the construction of reliable and valid tools; In this article, exploratory factor analysis has been done using SPSS software, version 26.
Methods: This research was a brief report that was conducted between 30 January 2023 to 10 October 2023. Reliability means reproducibility and continuity of results in the same conditions, and validity means matching the test with the purpose for which it was designed. Validity includes face, content, criterion and construct validity. To determine construct validity, various methods are used including: convergent validity, divergent validity, internal consistency and factor analysis. Factor analysis is a method that aims to simplify a complex set of data and allows researchers to find a specific pattern among many variables and complex relationships between them which includes exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis is a statistical technique that is used to estimate hidden factors or variables and reduce the large number of variables.
| Results: exploratory factor analysis is a statistical method that is used by reducing the number of variables and exploring the underlying structure of a large set of variables with the aim of discovering factors or hidden variables, and its basic assumption is that any variable may be related to any factor. It tries to use factor loadings to discover the factorial structure of the data and by identifying the basic structures, grouping the factors by considering the common meaning of the variables. Conclusion: Reliability means repeatability and validity of the degree of accuracy of the results which are measured through different methods. Exploratory factor analysis uses construct validity measurement methods to simplify the data and provide more reliable and valid tools, so it is very important to pay attention to the accurate and correct measurement of the results in the validation of health system tools. |
Ghazal Mansouri, Fatemeh Nouri Koohbanani , Fatemeh Karami Robati , Robabe Hosseinisadat,
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: Choosing a specialty in medicine is an important decision for the individual. It is also important decision for the health system. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the interest of specialized assistants to continue studying in subspecialized fields.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the factors affecting the interest of 261 specialized assistants to continue their studies in subspecialized fields from March 2021 to March 2022. All the specialized assistants of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU), whose assistantship continued until the end of March 2022, were included in the study by census method. The data collection tool was a 4-part questionnaire. 1) demographic information including 13 questions (age, gender, marital status, city where the family lives, place of residence to complete the residency course, specialized field, level of education, grade point average, parents' education, parents' occupation and having first-degree relatives with subspecialized degrees), 2) the willingness or unwillingness to continue studying in subspecialized fields and the field of interest, 3) the reasons for the assistants' interest in continuing their education, included 14 questions, and 4) the reasons for the assistants' lack of interest in continuing their education, included 14 questions.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the factors affecting the interest of 261 specialized assistants to continue their studies in subspecialized fields from March 2021 to March 2022. All the specialized assistants of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU), whose assistantship continued until the end of March 2022, were included in the study by census method. The data collection tool was a 4-part questionnaire. 1) demographic information including 13 questions (age, gender, marital status, city where the family lives, place of residence to complete the residency course, specialized field, level of education, grade point average, parents' education, parents' occupation and having first-degree relatives with subspecialized degrees), 2) the willingness or unwillingness to continue studying in subspecialized fields and the field of interest, 3) the reasons for the assistants' interest in continuing their education, included 14 questions, and 4) the reasons for the assistants' lack of interest in continuing their education, included 14 questions.
|
Results: The average age of the assistants was 31.53±3.90 years old. Most of the assistants were women (57.9%). 57.5 percent of the assistants were interested in continuing their studies in subspecialized fields. The most important reason for residents' interest in continuing their studies was "increasing practical-clinical knowledge" (80.1%). The most interest in continuing education was observed in internal assistants (17.33%). The assistant's age, specialist field and having first-degree relatives with a subspecialist degree had a significant relationship with the interest of the assistants to continue studying in subspecialist fields.
Conclusion: The results showed that a significant percentage of assistants were interested in continuing their studies in subspecialized fields. Age, the assistant's specialty and having first-degree relatives with a subspecialist degree had a significant effect on this interest. |
Mohamad Sarkheil, Mehran Mohseni, Akbar Ali Asgharzadeh , Ali Rasouli Bozcheloie ,
Volume 82, Issue 5 (8-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 5 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background: Based on the recommendation of the European Committee and ICRP, DRL values should be determined at the local, national and regional levels for CTDIvol (Computed Tomography Dose Index volume) and DLP (Dose Length Product) dose indicators. According to the radiation protection guidelines, it is essential study has determined DRL in Saveh hospitals
Methods: This study was conducted with two methods based on the results and calculations obtained from the annual Quality Control (QC) reports and the Data Collection (DC) method related to patient scans. In this study, by referring to the annual reports of each device and using radiation components during dosimetry and determining CTDIair or CTDIw, the correction factor was obtained. Using this factor and existing equations, DLP and CTDIvol were calculated based on quality control standards. The second quartile or the median was determined as DRL for head, sinus, chest and abdomen/pelvis imaging protocols and its values were compared with each other and other studies. This study was conducted in February and March 2023 in three hospitals in Saveh city.
Results: The diagnostic reference levels of CTDIvol index were obtained in both QC and DC methods for head (32.76 and 32.36), sinus (11.73 and 9.89), chest (6.06 and 5.11) and abdomen/pelvis (11.86 and 10.56) imaging. The highest DRL values of DLP index in both QC and DC methods are for head, abdomen/pelvis, chest and sinus CT scans, respectively. In the QC method, these values were (603.99), (478.15), (187.15), and (132.65) respectively, and in the DC method, the values were (601.84), (427.76), (219.01), and (114.81) mG.cm.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the lack of significant difference between the DRL values of CTDIvol and DLP indicators in both QC and DC methods, it is recommended that the centers, if they have the acceptance criteria for annual quality control, can determine the DRL by referring to the device console information from the DC method.
Methods: This study was conducted with two methods based on the results and calculations obtained from the annual Quality Control (QC) reports and the Data Collection (DC) method related to patient scans. In this study, by referring to the annual reports of each device and using radiation components during dosimetry and determining CTDIair or CTDIw, the correction factor was obtained. Using this factor and existing equations, DLP and CTDIvol were calculated based on quality control standards. The second quartile or the median was determined as DRL for head, sinus, chest and abdomen/pelvis imaging protocols and its values were compared with each other and other studies. This study was conducted in February and March 2023 in three hospitals in Saveh city.
Results: The diagnostic reference levels of CTDIvol index were obtained in both QC and DC methods for head (32.76 and 32.36), sinus (11.73 and 9.89), chest (6.06 and 5.11) and abdomen/pelvis (11.86 and 10.56) imaging. The highest DRL values of DLP index in both QC and DC methods are for head, abdomen/pelvis, chest and sinus CT scans, respectively. In the QC method, these values were (603.99), (478.15), (187.15), and (132.65) respectively, and in the DC method, the values were (601.84), (427.76), (219.01), and (114.81) mG.cm.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the lack of significant difference between the DRL values of CTDIvol and DLP indicators in both QC and DC methods, it is recommended that the centers, if they have the acceptance criteria for annual quality control, can determine the DRL by referring to the device console information from the DC method.
Farkhondeh Ajdari, Abolfazl Gheshlaghi , Aida Shakiba, Shirin Haghighat, Marzieh Jamalidoust, Jamal Sarvari ,
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background: The exact cause chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is still unknown. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) may play a role in the development of CLL, Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of CMV in patients with CLL and its relationship with blood and genetic factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2020 and October 2022 on 40 CLL patients that referred to Dr. Daneshbod Pathobiology Laboratory (Shiraz, Iran). After taking blood and separating the buffy coat, viral DNA was extracted using a commercial DNA extraction kit and the CMV burden was measured using Real-time PCR assay. Moreover, a blood cell count test was performed. The amount of lactate dehydrogenase of the serum was measured using the kit. Also, common chromosomal disorders and CD38 marker related data were extracted from the file patients. SPSS software and Student's t-test were used to result analysis.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.25 ± 10.49 years. Of the 40 patients, 28 were men (70%). The average number of white blood cells was 46.06±1.49* 109, which was significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.031). Real-time PCR results showed that two patients (5%) have detectable amounts of CMV virus genome. The level of lactate dehydrogenase, CD38 marker, and the number of malignant cells in male and female patients did not differ significantly (p=0.362). Moreover, chromosomal abnormalities include deletions in 11q (ATM) and 17P (TP53), were observed in 3 (7.5%) and 4 (10%) patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Our finding indicated the CMV might not involve in the pathogenesis of CLL disease. More studies are recommended for clarify this finding.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2020 and October 2022 on 40 CLL patients that referred to Dr. Daneshbod Pathobiology Laboratory (Shiraz, Iran). After taking blood and separating the buffy coat, viral DNA was extracted using a commercial DNA extraction kit and the CMV burden was measured using Real-time PCR assay. Moreover, a blood cell count test was performed. The amount of lactate dehydrogenase of the serum was measured using the kit. Also, common chromosomal disorders and CD38 marker related data were extracted from the file patients. SPSS software and Student's t-test were used to result analysis.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.25 ± 10.49 years. Of the 40 patients, 28 were men (70%). The average number of white blood cells was 46.06±1.49* 109, which was significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.031). Real-time PCR results showed that two patients (5%) have detectable amounts of CMV virus genome. The level of lactate dehydrogenase, CD38 marker, and the number of malignant cells in male and female patients did not differ significantly (p=0.362). Moreover, chromosomal abnormalities include deletions in 11q (ATM) and 17P (TP53), were observed in 3 (7.5%) and 4 (10%) patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Our finding indicated the CMV might not involve in the pathogenesis of CLL disease. More studies are recommended for clarify this finding.
Moslem Taheri Soodejani , Roghayeh Torkpour ,
Volume 83, Issue 6 (9-2025)
Volume 83, Issue 6 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents one of the most significant neurodevelopmental disorders in early childhood, where early diagnosis, particularly in children under five years of age, is crucial for effective interventions. Although global autism incidence has risen due to improved awareness, enhanced screening programs, and broader diagnostic criteria, epidemiological data from middle-income countries like Iran remain limited, especially for children under five. This study aimed to examine autism incidence trends among Iranian children under five from 1990 to 2021, stratified by sex and province.
Methods: This ecological study was conducted from October 2024 to March 2025, analyzing data extracted from the Global burden of disease (GBD) database (1990-2021). Age-specific incidence data for children under five were obtained by sex and province. Incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated for gender and provincial comparisons. Joinpoint regression analysis assessed annual trends and identified significant inflection points. Heat maps illustrated geographical distributions, while trend graphs stratified by sex and province were generated using GraphPad Prism.
Results: The incidence rate of autism in children under five gradually increased from 1990 to 2005, followed by a sharp rise between 2005 and 2009, reaching its peak during this period. A subsequent decline was observed from 2009 to 2021. The male-to-female ratio remained consistently stable at approximately 3:1 throughout the study period and across all provinces. Notable provincial disparities were observed, with border provinces exhibiting greater fluctuations compared to central regions.
Conclusion: In contrast to the continuous global increase, autism incidence among Iranian children under five demonstrated an initial rise followed by a sustained decline after 2009. This trend may be attributed to declining birth rates, demographic shifts, evolving diagnostic criteria, improved prenatal care, and persistent challenges in early screening and case registration, alongside regional disparities in access to diagnostic services. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced early-screening programs, equitable resource distribution, and evidence-based child mental health policies in Iran.
Methods: This ecological study was conducted from October 2024 to March 2025, analyzing data extracted from the Global burden of disease (GBD) database (1990-2021). Age-specific incidence data for children under five were obtained by sex and province. Incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated for gender and provincial comparisons. Joinpoint regression analysis assessed annual trends and identified significant inflection points. Heat maps illustrated geographical distributions, while trend graphs stratified by sex and province were generated using GraphPad Prism.
Results: The incidence rate of autism in children under five gradually increased from 1990 to 2005, followed by a sharp rise between 2005 and 2009, reaching its peak during this period. A subsequent decline was observed from 2009 to 2021. The male-to-female ratio remained consistently stable at approximately 3:1 throughout the study period and across all provinces. Notable provincial disparities were observed, with border provinces exhibiting greater fluctuations compared to central regions.
Conclusion: In contrast to the continuous global increase, autism incidence among Iranian children under five demonstrated an initial rise followed by a sustained decline after 2009. This trend may be attributed to declining birth rates, demographic shifts, evolving diagnostic criteria, improved prenatal care, and persistent challenges in early screening and case registration, alongside regional disparities in access to diagnostic services. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced early-screening programs, equitable resource distribution, and evidence-based child mental health policies in Iran.
Related Websites
Site Keywords
Cardiology, Anatomy, Biology, Epidemiology, Immunology, Neuroscience, Physical therapy, Physiology, Dermatology, Endocrinology and metabolicSite Statistics
- Registered users: 8199 users
- Online users: 1 users
- Guest users: 475 users
- All visits: 37407438 visits
- Visits in 24 Hours: 25955 visits
- Total articles: 12013 articles
- Published articles: 5086 articles
© 2026 , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, CC BY-NC 4.0
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb