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Ditection of coronary artery disease: accuracy of 64- slice computed tomography versus converntional invasive angiography
Kazemi Khaledi A, Taghizadeh M,
Volume 66, Issue 8 (5 2008)
Abstract

Background: Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is a noninvasive method of detecting coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of 64-slice MSCT (64-MSCT) in daily practice, without patient selection.

Methods: Sixty-four consecutive suspected CAD patients underwent both 64-MSCT and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). The CT system The mean time span between MSCT and QCA was 7.2±3.9 days. For the 64-MSCT, detection or exclusion of CAD, defined as one or more areas of >50% stenosis within major epicardial coronary arteries, the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were evaluated both per patient and per segment.

Results: Sixty-one of the 64 coronary CT angiograms (95%) were of diagnostic image quality. QCA showed significant CAD in 64% (39/61) of the patients, with the other 36% (22/61) showing nonsignificant disease or no disease. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of 64-MSCT per patient were 92%, 86%, 90%, 92% and 96%, respectively. By the per-segment analysis, 695 of 791 coronary artery segments were assessable (88%). Of these, 64-MSCT showed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 92%, accuracy of 90%, PPV of 65%, and NPV of 96%, respectively, in detecting CAD.

Conclusions: Both per patient and per segment analyses for coronary 64-MSCT showed a higher diagnostic accuracy than QCA. This suggests 64-MSCT should primarily be used for risk stratification on a per patient basis as a noninvasive gate-keeper diagnostic method.


CELECOXIB - Chemoradiation therapy for reducing mucositis and other acute side effects in advance head and neck carcinoma
Mojahed Mm, Aghili M, Kazemian A, Farhan F, Izadi Sh,
Volume 66, Issue 11 (3 2009)
Abstract

Background: Chemo-radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis represents a therapeutic challenge frequently encountered in cancer patients. This side effect causes significant morbidity and may delay or interruption of treatment plan, cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2) is an inducible enzyme primarily expressed in inflamed and tumoral tissues. COX-2 inhibitors have shown promise to reduce chemoradiation induce toxicities. We conducted a phase III, randomized double blind clinical trial to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of celecoxib, a selective COX2 inhibitor, administered concurrently with chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Here in we report the first report about the role of COX-2 inhibitor in acute toxicicities.

Methods: Patients with stage III/IV (locally advance) head and neck carcinoma who referred to department of radiation-oncology were eligible. Patients were treated with chemotherapy with cisplatin concurrently with radiation (60-70Gy). Celecoxib (100mg qid) was started at the first day of radiotherapy and was given for a total of 8 weeks. Acute toxicities were evaluated every week by WHO scale.

Results: One hundred twenty two patients were enrolled into the study, (61 patients for each group). In repeated mesurment analysis of variance there is a significant difference in the time of onset of grade II acute toxicities between the two groups The mucositis, dysphagia, epidermitis and oral pain score changed significantly over the typical five weeks in two groups but these changes were more sever in placebo group (p=0.0001). In the analysis of the overall changes in the following laboratory parame-ters: WBC, hemoglobin and platelet showed that these parameters decreased over time in both groups without a significant difference between groups.

Conclusion: The results of these study showed that the use of a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) that is a safe and inexpensive drug may reduce acute toxicities of chemoradiation specially mucositis in head and neck carcinoma.


The relationship between polymorphisms in intron 8 of vitamin D receptor gene and occult HBV infection
Kazemi Arababadi M, Pourfathollah Aa, Jafarzadeh A, Hassanshahi Gh, Rezvani Me,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (6 2009)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a form of hepatitis in which despite absence of detectable HBsAg, HBV-DNA is present in peripheral blood of patients. The responsible mechanisms for progression of OBI yet to be clarified, but some investigators believed that the genetics and immunological parameters are different in resistant individuals and patients. Vitamin D3 and its receptor interaction could be involved in anti-viral immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in intron 8 of VDR with OBI.
Methods: In this experimental study, the plasma samples of 3700 blood donors were collected and tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by ELISA. The HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive samples were selected and screened for HBV-DNA using PCR. HBV-DNA positive samples were assigned as OBI cases and PCR-RFLP was performed to examine the polymorphisms in intron 8 of VDR genes.
Results: Results of current study indicated that 352 (9.5%) of 3700 blood samples were HBsAg- and anti-HBc+. HBV-DNA was detected in 57/352 (16.1%) of HBsAg- and anti-HBc+ samples. Our results showed that no significant difference was observed in Apa-1 polymorphisms of intron 8 of VDR and OBI patients.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that there are not any association between Apa-1 detected alleles and OBI, hence, it can be concluded that these alleles are not associated with OBI and other researchers should evaluate relation between other polymorphisms of VDR with OBI.


Local recurrence after breast conserving surgery in breast cancer: a study in Cancer Institute, Tehran
Farnaz Amouzegar- Hashemi, Alireza Alaleh, Ali Kazemian, Peiman Haddad,
Volume 67, Issue 12 (6 2010)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Breast conservative therapy is associated with similar outcomes in comparison with mastectomy. The aim of this study is assessment of local recurrence rate and related risk factors in patients who have been treated with radiotherapy after conservative surgery for breast cancer.

Methods: This is a cohort study which data of all breast cancer patients who have visited in follow up clinic in radiation oncology department of cancer institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital complex in Tehran, Iran, during years 2007-2009 were collected. All of the patients were investigated for local recurrence and the possible risk factors.

Results: Two hundred and seventy seven patients have entered the study and all have followed for at least one year since data entry. Median follow-up time from the start of radiotherapy were 35 months (12-148 mo). We had seven cases (2.5%) with local recurrences (2.5%) which most of them occurred in first year after treatment. Because of low rate of recurrence none of the variables such as margin and nodal status has significant correlation with local recurrence which this should be due to small number of patient and short time of follow up.

Conclusions: At median follow up of 35 months from the beginning of radiation therapy, local recurrence rate was 2.5% which is similar to the literature. We recommend to follow a larger group of patients for longer times to estimate recurrence risk after breast conservative therapy.


Induction of labor in term pregnancy: Sublingual versus vaginal misoprostol
Beigi A, Kazemipour Sm, Tabarestani H,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (5 2010)
Abstract
Background: Induction of labor implies stimulation of contractions before the spontaneous onset of labor and is indicated when have benefits to eighter mother or fetus. Uterine contractions and an appropriate cervix are two important factors in labor and are contributed to good outcomes. Nowadays, there are many therapeutic modalities for it such as misoprostol. Both vaginal and oral misoprostol may be used for eighter cervical ripening or labor induction. The tablets are stable at room temperature. Regarding the issue importance and lack of similar studies in Iran, this study was conducted to compare the efficacy of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol for labor induction. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial. In this survey, 250 women were randomly assigned to receive 25 g vaginal misoprostol plus sublingual placebo or 25 g sublingual misoprostol plus vaginal placebo in Arash hospital Tehran, Iran from 2008 to 2010. The maternal and fetal complications, Bishop Score, and time of pain onset and it’s interval with labor were monitored in two groups analyzed. Results: Mean Bishop Score, and time of pain onset and its interval with labor were similar in two groups (p>0.05). 43 patients (34.4%) in sublingual and 54 (43.2%) in vaginal group had normal vaginal delivery (p>0.05). The frequencies of maternal and fetal complications were similar between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It may be concluded that there is no difference between efficacy of sublingual and vaginal misoprostol in pregnancy outcomes, maternal and fetal complications and so each one may be used according to pregnant woman’s condition and physician attitude.
Long-term survival following two recurrences and re-irradiation courses for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case report
Haddad P, Moshtaghi M, Kazemian A, Jamali-Zavareh M,
Volume 68, Issue 7 (7 2010)
Abstract

Background: Local recurrence in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) presents is a major challenge. Patients experience substantial morbidity as well as poor survival if no further treatment is offered. Residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma is usually managed by chemotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), interstitial, and intracavitary brachytherapy or salvage surgery. This case presents the treatment of two consecutive localized recurrences of NPC.

Case presentation: The patient was a 59-year-old man who underwent a course of radical external-beam radiotherapy for a primary NPC in 1999, then another course of external radiation in 2004 for his first recurrence, and finally a course of brachytherapy for the second recurrence in 2005. The patient is well now in 2010, with no signs of disease five years after the third radiotherapy.

Conclusion: Our experience of re-irradiation for this twice recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been promising with encouraging tumor control and acceptable treatment-related toxicity profile. This case indicates the efficacy of definitive re-irradiation for regional recurrence and the necessity for long-term observation for the salvageable early-stage local failure.


The clinical outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome without critical stenosis in angiography: a prospective cohort study
Nadia Hatmi Z, Kazemi Said A, Khoshkar Najar Sh,
Volume 69, Issue 8 (6 2011)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Previous studies were suggestive of a good prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and absence of any critical stenosis in coronary angiography but recent limited reports have revealed that patients with non-obstructive acute coronary syndrome are at a higher risk of future clinical coronary events.

Methods : A concurrent prospective cohort study was designed and 146 male patients with ACS and non-obstructive coronary artery disease were regarded as the unexposed group, while 191 female patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease were regarded as the exposed group. Coronary events were recorded within one year of follow-up. Prognostic factors were evaluated at baseline by using a standardized protocol.
Results : Of the 337 patients with ACS, 191 (56.6%) were female. Coronary events in female patients after one year of follow-up were: ST EMI 3 (1.6%), unstable angina pectoris 22 (11.5%), Q-wave MI 1 (0.5%) and no syncope. In male patients the outcomes were: ST EMI 4 (2.7%), unstable angina pectoris 29 (19.9%), Q-wave MI 1 (0.7%), and syncope 1 (0.7%). Multivariate adjusted relationships revealed that physical inactivity (P=0.035), dyslipidemia (P=0.001), low ankle brachial index (P=0.024) and age between 40-50 years (P=0.004) were significantly associated with coronary events in women. In male patients, body mass index of 30-39.99 (P=0.011) was associated with a higher rate of ST-segment elevated MI.
Conclusion: Prognostically, coronary events and clinical endpoints were significantly different between men and women with acute coronary syndrome. Persistence of symptoms over one year seems to relate to the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis.


Short- and long-term outcomes of angioplasty and stenting for high-risk extracranial carotid stenosis in carotid endarterectomy
Kazemi-Saleh Davood, Karimi Heidar, Saburi Amin, Niknam Z, Pishgoo Bahram, Karimi Pedram,
Volume 70, Issue 3 (4 2012)
Abstract

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a standard method for patient with significant carotid stenosis but direct surgical repair via carotid endarterectomy may not be a good option in some patients because of the overall health status that may make the surgery too risky. Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS), is a relatively new procedure for the treatment of carotid artery disease in patients who may not be fit enough to undergo surgery. In this investigation, we determined short- and long-term outcomes of stent angioplasty in high-risk patients for whom the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality is high.

Methods: We have followed 82 consecutive symptomatic patients with a ≥50% and asymptomatic patients with a ≥70%- 80% carotid stenosis within 15.9 months of angioplasty and stenting in Baqiyatallah and Jamaran hospitals from 2008-2010. All the patients were considered poor surgical candidates by experienced surgeons and anesthesiologists upon pre-surgical consultation.

Results: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 28 women and 54 men with a mean age of 69.7±9.2 years. The procedure was technically successful in 79 (96.3%) cases. There were 6 (7.3%) deaths, 5 (6.1%) strokes, 4 (4.9%) MIs and 4 (4.9%) TIAs during the follow-up period.

Conclusion: The clinical results during the short available follow-up period suggested stent angioplasty to be useful, effective, reliable and safe in the treatment of significant cervical carotid stenosis in high-risk patients. Further analytical investigations with longer follow-up periods for predicting risk factors are recommended.


Nourodevelopmental follow-up in high-risk infants: review article
Farin Soleimani , Nasibe Sharifi , Fereshteh Rasti Borujeni , Mina Amiri , Somayeh Khazaiyan , Azita Fathnezhad Kazemi ,
Volume 72, Issue 11 (February 2015)
Abstract
Growing and developing are influenced by genetic, social and environmental factors and it's most important and initial phase step is formed of the early life of the fetus and infant. According to the world health organization, the incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight are increasing in most countries that most of it related to developing countries. Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are one the most important causes of death in the world and therefore are considered as one of the major health problems that can affect growing and developing so that it can threaten public health. Advances in medical technology in recent decades at intensive care unit, increased survival of premature infants and high-risk specialist care is needed, but failed, to reduce the complications of premature birth but it couldn’t reduce complications of preterm birth. There is also an increased recognition of the potential disconnect between perinatal outcomes and long-term outcomes. The administration of oxygen and postnatal steroids are prime examples of interventions that may have immediate positive effects but negative long-term effects. Many premature babies will be encounter with mobility problems, cognitive, neurosensory impairments, cerebral palsy, cognitive and language delays, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness and hearing loss, behavioral and psychosocial disorders, learning difficulties and dysfunction in scholastic performances in the future. These disadvantages appear to persist into adulthood and therefore have broad implications for society. Without a doubt, one of the tragedies of the world is people with physical or mental damage caused by premature birth, many of these disorders are not early diagnosed and the prediction of long term complications of infants discharged from the NICU is difficult. Although nourodevelopmental follow-up of these babies is a necessary part of the neonatal assessment but there is no standard process for it. The present review article aims to introduce the care process and tools that is used for following-up these babies, also introduces the application of screening tools for neuro-developmental care.
Relationship between type of brain injury with Bispectral Index monitoring in intubated ICU trauma patients
Omid Moradi Moghaddam, Mohammad Niyakan Lahiji , Valiollah Hassani , Farid Kazemi Gezik, Ehsan Farazi ,
Volume 73, Issue 2 (May 2015)
Abstract
Background: Bispectral Index (BIS) may be used in traumatic brain injured patients with different anatomical sites of injury to evaluate the level of consciousness. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relation between type of brain injury and the presence or absence of frontal lobe damage based on brain CT-scan with BIS monitoring in intubated acute head trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Participants of this cross-sectional study consisted of 30 intubated head trauma patients over the age of 15 years old, without any known history of visual or hearing impairments, neurologic disorders, mental retardation, or frontal skin laceration, who were admitted to the ICU in Rasool Akram University Hospital, Tehran. Patients who needed muscle relaxant administration, or those who showed instability of vital signs, hypoxemia, disorders of the blood biochemistry, or blood gases, liver or kidney failure, convulsion or hypoxic encephalopathy during the study were excluded. In the first three days of admission, each patient underwent monitoring of BIS every sixty minutes for just six hours a day. All the hypnotic drugs were discontinued six hours prior to the start of monitoring and fentanyl was the only opioid, which was administered if an analgesic was required. Statistical analysis were used to evaluate the data and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of all patients was 43.6 years with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 18.96. Presence or absence of frontal lobe injury, had no statistically significant correlations with mean BIS in each three days of study and the mean BIS total. However, mean BIS in the second and third days had statistically significant differences in different types of cranial lesions (contusion, subdural hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc) which usually have different prognoses. Conclusion: Different kinds of acute traumatic cranial lesions with different prognosis may have different values in BIS monitoring. Presence or absence of frontal lobe injury, had no statistically significant correlations with BIS values.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome assessment after traumatic brain injury
Shahrooz Kazemi , Mozhgan Shakeri Hosseinabad , Maryam Ameri , Batol Ghorbani Yekta ,
Volume 73, Issue 10 (January 2016)
Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most important complications associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). ARDS is caused by inflammation of the lungs and hypoxic damage with lung physiology abnormalities associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology of ARDS and the prevalence of risk factors.

Methods: This prospective study performed on patients with acute traumatic head injury hospitalization in the intensive care unit of the Shohaday-e Haftom-e-Tir Hospital (September 2012 to September 2013) done. About 12 months, the data were evaluated. Information including age, sex, education, employment, drug and alcohol addiction, were collected and analyzed. The inclusion criteria were head traumatic patients and exclusion was the patients with chest trauma. Questionnaire was designed with doctors supervision of neurosurgery. Then the collected data were analysis.

Results: In this study, the incidence of ARDS was 23.8% and prevalence of metabolic acidosis was 31.4%. Most injury with metabolic acidosis was Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) 48 (60%) and Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) was Next Level with 39 (48%) Correlation between Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) were significantly decreased (P< 0.0001). The level of consciousness in patients with skull fractures significantly lower than those without fractures (P= 0.009) [(2.3±4.6) vs (4.02±7.07)]. Prevalence of metabolic acidosis during hospitalization was 80 patients (31.4%).

Conclusion: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common complication of traumatic brain injury. Management and treatment is essential to reduce the mortality. In this study it was found the age of patients with ARDS was higher than patients without complications. ARDS risk factor for high blood pressure was higher in men. Most victims were pedestrians. The most common injury associated with ARDS was SDH. Our analysis demonstrates that Acute respiratory distress syndrome is common after traumatic brain injury. Management of traumatic brain injury is necessary to manage and reduce the mortality.


Study of genetics, phenotypic and behavioral properties of eubacteria and archaebacteria
Hamid Kazemian , Zahra Pakbaz , Seyed Mostafa Hosseini , Mohammad Reza Pourmand ,
Volume 74, Issue 3 (June 2016)
Abstract

Background: The genome of the bacteria has considerable diversity in terms of sequence of nucleotide bases and change over the time. With the advancement of bioinformatics science possibility of the vast comparison to living organisms has risen. During the last two decades many information about genome sequencing of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria have been published. Using this information and to find connections between them and many phenotypic characteristics and behavior of bacteria could be used in many studies. In this study we compared some of the genetic, phenotypic and behavioral properties of archaebacteria and eubacteria.

Methods: In this analytical study, genomic Information of 286 species of archaebacteria and 122 species of eubacteria were collected from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) site which was conducted in April to June 2015. Mean of gene size, gene number, protein number and C+G content compared in the two groups of archaebacteria and eubacteria. Association of genomic characterization of bacteria with several other characteristics were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 19 (Chicago, IL, USA). For this purpose, the Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson), Student’s t-test and ANOVA test (One-way analysis of variance) was used. The P values less than 0.05 was considered as significant level.

Results: There was significant association between means discrepancy in two group (P= 0.01). The genome size of eubacteria and archaebacteria have significant association with some of the characteristics of bacteria, such as the C+G content, the number of proteins, genes and habitats of the bacteria (P= 0.01). As well as there was significant association between genome size and features such as number of pseudogene, mobility and type of breathing in eubacteria (P= 0.01) but not in archaebacterial (P˃ 0.05).

Conclusion: Many characteristics of eubacteria and archaebacteria are significantly associated with genomic properties. Comparison genomics of bacteria will help in identification of evolutionary origins as well as differences between different categories of bacterial.


Effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the survival of skin flap in rats
Abbas Kazemi Ashtiani , Peyman Khoshnood , Mohammad Javad Fatemi , Seyed Jaber Mousavi , Seyed Aboozar Hoseini ,
Volume 74, Issue 10 (January 2017)
Abstract

Background: The use of random flaps is one of the most common methods of reconstructive surgery because they are easy to use and quick to do. However, the absence of axial vessels especially in the distal areas can cause ischemia and loss of total or part of the flap. Different methods and systemic and topical medications have been recommended to prevent ischemia in random flaps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood in random flap survival in rats.

Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Animal Laboratory of Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital in 2012. In this study twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing approximately 300 to 350 g were selected and divided randomly into two groups. In both groups after anesthesia, a flap was created in the posterior part of each rat with a size of 2 x 6 cm. In the intervention group we injected stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood into the flap, and after eight days the effects on the survival of flaps were examined by digital photography and then pathological examination was performed.

Results: The mean of viable flap in the stem cell group was 6.57 cm2 and in control group 4.71 cm2. The minimum and maximum flap survival in the intervention group were 4.71 and 8.75, and the minimum and maximum flap survived in control group were 1.86 and 7.77. This difference was significant and showed that the viable parts of flap were more in the intervention group (P=0.49). In pathologic examinations epidermal and muscle necrosis of the skin were reported in 3 cases in the intervention group and 5 cases in control group.

Conclusion: This study showed that cord blood stem cells can be effective somehow in reducing ischemia and increasing random flap survival. However, similar studies are recommended in order to compare the results of this drug and placebo or other proven effective drugs.

Essential oils as natural medicinal substances: review article
Ehsan Aali , Razzagh Mahmoudi , Masoud Kazeminia , Reza Hazrati , Farzin Azarpey ,
Volume 75, Issue 7 (October 2017)
Abstract
Herbal essential oils are volatile, natural, complex compounds formed by medicinal plants as secondary metabolites. As reported by international organization for standardization (ISO), the term "essential oils" (EOs) is defined for a product obtained from vegetable raw materials or fruit using distillation with water or steam. The EOs are generally complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds include hydrocarbons (terpenes and sesquiterpenes) and oxygenated compounds (alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, phenols, and phenol ethers) compounds. In medicinal plants, the EOs chemical profile usually very varies because of both intrinsic (sexual, seasonal, ontogenetic, and genetic variations) and extrinsic (ecological and environmental aspects) factors, also the EOs composition differs not only in the number and type of molecules but also in their stereochemical structures, and can be very different according to the extraction method. EOs represents a “green” alternative in the nutritional and pharmaceutical fields due to reported antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties thus, in recent times; EOs has gained great popularity as consumers have developed a particular ever-growing awareness toward the use of natural ingredients, especially in food and household. Therefore, the present review provides a comprehensive summary on the method of preparation of EOs from medicinal plants, chemical composition analysis, their biological and pharmacological effects and their potential benefits on health level. Present information was compiled using keywords “Essential oil, Medicinal Plants and Natural additive in scientific database as Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, Google scholar and SID, until 2005 to 2015. EOs have great antimicrobial activity and mostly destroy bacteria, fungi and viruses without harmful effects on consumer’s health. Finding of this study showed that the Thymol, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Cumin Aldehyde, Carvacrol, Germacrene, Linalool were the main components. Also, EOs have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and many other pharmacological properties which enhance their potential application. EOs have potential biological and pharmacological activities and so have many applications in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Cardiac involvement in patients with thalassemia major and control group: a case-control study
Toba Kazemi , Tayyebeh Chahkandi , Saideh Zanjani , Davood Jafari , Seyed Ali Moezi ,
Volume 75, Issue 10 (January 2018)
Abstract
Background: The most common cause of death in thalassemic patients is cardiac involvement especially cardiomyopathy. If the early stages of heart disease in people with thalassemia are diagnosed, mortality of patients reduced significantly. In this case-control study we compare the clinical symptoms, signs and para-clinic finding in thalassemia patients with control group.
Methods: In this case-control study, thalassemia patients who had visited in special clinic of Vali-e-Asr hospital of Birjand University Medical Sciences during January of 2013 to May of 2014 compared with normal subjects. They matched by age and sex. After explaining the aims of the project, the written consent was received from both groups. Clinical examinations including history taking and auscultation of heart and lungs were performed by Pediatrician. Moreover, using the standard methods, the measurement of height, weight and blood pressure were performed. In following, electrocardiography (ECG) was taken in both groups. Also, both groups underwent transthoracic echocardiography by one cardiologist.
Results: 42 thalassemia patients and 42 healthy subjects was compared in this study. Dyspnea was the only different symptom in the two groups. (23.8% in case and 4.8% in control P=0.01) In physical examination respiratory rate (RR) is only higher in patients with thalassemia that controls, but heart rate (HR), abnormal heart and lung sounds were not different significantly between two groups. In ECG, PR interval and QTc interval in patients with thalassemia was longer than healthy subject. In echocardiography, ejection fraction was lower but left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and size of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was significantly higher than those in the control group.
Conclusion: According the result of this study, dyspnea was higher in patients with thalassemia from normal subjects and PR interval and QT interval was longer in thalassemic patients. As well as the size of the left ventricle, size of right ventricle, pulmonary artery pressure were higher than normal population. Also, LV ejection fraction was lower in thalassemia than normal population.

A review of the etiology and biomarkers of pancreatic cancer, with emphasis on the role of diabetes: review article
Akram Pourshams, Bahram Kazemi , Sima Kalantari ,
Volume 75, Issue 11 (February 2018)
Abstract
Cancer is the major cause of death in the world and the rate of mortality is higher in developed countries. Therefore, lifestyle could be effective in promoting the cancer. The pancreatic tumors, are 8th cause of mortality due to cancer, which have several types, among them ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common and includes 85% of cases. Since, it is almost impossible to diagnosis the tumor in early stages of the disease, it contributes to high rates of mortality, although if it diagnosis in early stage and the surgery performed for them only 10-20% of patients will be survived. Metastasis occurs when the tumor is smaller than 2 cm in size and because the pancreas is located in the depth of abdomen, typically, it happens after tumor is spread to other organs. A combination of medical imaging, blood tests, and examination of tissue samples are usually made for diagnosis and based on the cancer stage, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are chosen as treatment options. Some rare genetic variations can cause pancreatic cancer and about 5-10% of cases are linked to inherited genes. However, major risk factors are including age, obesity, tobacco smoking and diabetes. Smoking counts for about 25% of cases, and the diabetes is the main symptoms of pancreatic cancer, which observed in about 80% of cases. But, it is still unclear whether diabetes is a predisposing factor in pancreatic cancer, or the outcome of tumor progression. Recent studies have shown that, diabetes is unique in pancreatic cancer which is not related to common types. Currently, CA 19-9 is the only reliable tumor marker for pancreatic cancer that its frequency also increases in non-bad conditions, such as pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice, so is not sensitive and specific enough for diagnosis of this cancer. Due to researches continue to find more specific markers. In this review the etiology of pancreatic cancer, diabetes associated with this type of cancer and significant biomarkers for diagnosis will be considered.

A review of various aspects of health promotion behavior during pregnancy: review article
Azita Fathnezhad Kazemi , Sepideh Hajian , Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani , Mehdi Khabazkhob,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (January 2019)
Abstract
Pregnancy as a natural event leads to changes in various aspects of physiology, psychology, and social life. The adoption of a health promoting lifestyle is an important strategy for achieving the desired outcomes of pregnancy and is important on the future health of mother and child. The aim of this study was to assess the various aspects of health promotion behaviors during pregnancy. The data was obtained with advanced search in the Iranmedex, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), IranDoc, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Articles containing full text were collected using the proper keywords for Persian articles and their equivalent in Mesh included “Health promotion" OR "Behavior health "OR “Health Promoting Lifestyle” AND pregnancy for English articles with a time limitation of 2010 to 2017. At first 3247 articles obtained after reviewing and evaluation of the references, 4 Persian and 25 English articles with observational and qualitative design were included. A review of studies showed that finding a way to pass pregnancy safely is the most important concern for mothers. Pregnant women do some actions to reach favorable outcomes and they have a high incentive to adopt health behaviors during pregnancy due to fear of fetal health, but there is some obstacle to adopt health behaviors including individual factors like that lack of time and inadequate information about pregnancy or health-related functions and social factors including health system problems and cultural factors. In addition age, level of education, individual’s beliefs and factors associated with pregnancy such as high-risk pregnancy and environmental factors such as social support and health system performance play an important role in the adoption of health behaviors. In order to increase the potential of pregnant women to adopt healthy behaviors, changing the health system approach and paying attention to social determinants of health, in order to carry out the necessary interventions, it is recommended to conduct qualitative studies and appropriate design for deep study of the subject in the cultural background.

Comparison of quality of life in anogenital warts with control group
Armaghan Kazeminejad, Jamshid Yazadani Charati , Ghasem Rahmatpour , Abbas Masoudzadeh , Sahar Bagheri ,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (January 2019)
Abstract
Background: Genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, 1% of sexually active population have anogenital warts (AGWs). According to previous studies, the disease affects people's quality of life and imposes financial costs on health systems.
Methods: The present study is a case-control study at spring of 2018. The quality of life of 65 patients with anogenital warts that were referred to Boali-sina Hospital in Sari, Iran compared with 65 control subjects. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires was used.
Results: According to the results, among the patients with anogenital warts, the quality of sexual contact in majority them were not affected by the disease (70%). The total cost of treatment was less than the monthly income of the family until the time of participating in the study (92%). There was no significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of physical health scores and mental health scores in the control and patient groups. (Respectively P=0.14, P=0.93). There was no significant relationship between the mean of physical health scores with disease severity. However, there was a significant difference between the mental health score in the two groups of patients with low and high levels of severity (P=0.01). Physical health scores in the whole sample have a significant relationship with gender, so that, in women, physical health score was lower than that of male, but the mean score of mental health in both male and female patients was not significantly different (P=0.18). In the control group the score of mental health was lower in women (P=0.041).
Conclusion: In patients with anogenital wart, quality of life doesn’t change significantly, although, mental health scores directly related with disease severity.

Differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions by apparent diffusion coefficient value in mass and non-mass lesions
Masoumeh Gity , Behnaz Moradi, Rasool Arami , Ali Arabkheradmand, Mohamad Ali Kazemi,
Volume 77, Issue 1 (April 2019)
Abstract
Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is one of methods in evaluation of breast lesions. We aimed to investigate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in breast tumors and their accuracy in differentiating benign versus malignant lesions.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 72 patients with 88 breast lesions were investigated by 1.5-T breast MRI from 2015 to 2017 in Athari Imaging Center in Tehran, Iran. Nearly all patients has undergone histopathology evaluation. One small region of interest (ROI) were placed on the most restricted region inside the solid part on the ADC map. Care was taken to avoid cystic or necrotic, fatty regions and hematoma inside the mass. A large round ROIs were placed in healthy fibroglandular tissue of contralateral breast ADC values were measured and compared in normal breast tissue and in most restricted parts of breast lesions (mass and non-mass). After determining cut-off for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated.
Results: Mean age of patients was 43.3 years. The average tumor size of benign and malignant lesions were calculated 26.0 mm, 35.3 mm respectively and 23 mm and 46 mm in mass and non-mass respectively. Invasive ductal carcinoma include the majority of pathology result (in 37.5% of the patients). Our results revealed that the measured ADC values in normal breast tissue were higher than breast lesions (P≤0.01). Mean ADC value in benign lesions was 1.40×10-3 mm²/s and for malignant lesion was 1.08×10-3 mm²/s. ADC value in the normal breast tissue was 1.79×10-3 mm2/s and was significantly higher than ADC value of breast lesions (benign and malignant). Cut-off value in non-mass was not valid, but in mass was 1.19×10-3 mm²/s with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive and accuracy of 89.7%, 83.8%, 87.5%, 86.6%, and 87.1% respectively.
Conclusion: In DWI imaging, ADC value can differentiate benign and malignant masses with high sensitivity and specificity but not helpful in non-mass lesions.

Validity of self-reported hypertension in Mashhad population: brief report
Hamid Reza Bahrami Taghanaki , Ehsan Mosa Farkhani , Saeed Bokaie , Seyed Javad Hoseini , Pegah Bahrami Taghanaki , Sima Barid Kazemi ,
Volume 77, Issue 4 (July 2019)
Abstract
Background: Researchers and health specialists are increasingly obtaining information on chronic illnesses from self-reports. This study validates self-reports of hypertension, based on a recently fielded survey in Mashhad City, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used the results of 2015 census in Mashhad City, a population based survey of people over the age of 30 (n=300745) to determine the proportion of self-reported hypertension. In this study, the data of the studied population was extracted from the databank of Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR®) and patients with ICD10 codes including I10 and I11 approved by doctors as a reference. Finally using SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc (https://www.medcalc.org/calc/odds_ratio.php), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value were calculated with 95% confidence interval.
Results: Sensitivity of self-reported hypertension was 23.92% (CI95%: 23.43-24.41), specificity 97.03% (CI95%: 96.97-97.09), Positive Linkelihood Ratio 8.06% (CI95%: 7.82-8.30), Negative Linkelihood Ratio 0.78% (CI95%: 0.78-0.79), Positive Predictive Value 46.34% (CI95%: 45.60-47.08), Negative Predictive Value 92.25% (CI95%: 92.20-92.29). The self-reported sensitivity to hypertension in males, Iranian individuals, single, aged 60 and over, body mass index lower 18.5 individual with university education was higher, which was 24.67%, 31.09%, 30.07%, 32.43% and 26.03% respectively.
Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of self-reported hypertension was poor in this study, but specificity and positive and negative predictive values were fairly good.

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