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The comparison of the pennation angle of knee extensor muscles in young women with pronated foot posture and normal ones
Zinat Ashnagar, Mohammad-Reza Hadian, Rahimeh Mahmoodi,
Volume 81, Issue 9 (December 2023)
Abstract
Background: Foot posture is proposed as an important factor that may affect the lower limb alignment. Variations from the normal foot posture may contribute to musculoskeletal injuries of the lower extremity especially knee joint. Considering variations in foot posture and knee joint alignment, this study aimed to assess and compare pennation angles of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) in women with pronated foot posture and normal ones.
Methods: This observational, case-control study was carried out on 31 women with pronated foot posture (foot posture index: 6-12) and 31 women with normal foot posture (foot posture index: 0-5) in the age range of 18 to 35 years old.  Participants were recruited from female students of university communities using Non-probability Sampling method. Sampling was carried out from September 2019 up to February 2020 at the biomechanics laboratory of rehabilitation faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The pennation angle of VMO, VM and VL muscles was measured by using two dimensional. B-mode ultrasound imaging (USI) .A 7.5MHz linear transducer with 50mm footprint was used for the measurements. The ultrasound images were analyzed using Image J software. Three longitudinal scans were captured for each muscle pennation angle while the probe removed between each scan.
Results: The results of this study showed that there is no statistical significant difference between the pennation angles of  VMO, VM and VL in women’s foot posture compare to the normal ones (P>0.05).
However, the results of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of USI measurements showed “good” intrarater reliability for VMO (ICC=0.88), VM (ICC=0.87) and VL (ICC= 0.77) pennation angles.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the pennation angle of knee extensor muscles (VMO, VM, and VL), which was measured in non-weight bearing, is not different in young women with pronated foot compared to the normal ones. In addition, USI demonstrated good reliability for measuring VMO, VM and VL pennation angles.

Study of the relationship between acidosis and coagulation disorders in patients undergoing laparotomy admitted to the intensive care unit
Reza Baghbanian, Shirin Azizidoost , Kamran Mahmoodi , Mahbobeh Rashidi , Golshan Mirmomeni, Sina Ganji Nataj ,
Volume 82, Issue 12 (March 2025)
Abstract
Background: Coagulopathy is one of the most common causes of mortality in the intensive care unit. This study was designed and implemented to investigate the relationship between acidosis and coagulation disorders in patients undergoing laparotomy in the intensive care unit.
Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the files of 121 patients undergoing laparotomy in the intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahvaz during 2024. Demographic and clinical records and blood test results were extracted to measure parameters related to acidosis and coagulation tests. Then, the rates of coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, acidosis, and patient outcome were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 27 software.
Results: Most patients studied were male (72 (59.5%)) with a mean age of 54.18±21.1 years and a mean length of stay of 6.78±5.87 days. Hypertension (34 (28.1%)) was the most important comorbidity and peritonitis (54 (44.6%)) was the most important cause of hospitalization. The incidence rates of coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and acidosis were reported to be 29 (24%), 27 (22.3%) and 115 (95%), respectively. A total of 44 (36.5%) patients died during the study period. Although the rates of coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia were higher in patients with acidosis, these differences were not significant (P<0.05). The mortality rates among those without thrombocytopenia, mild, moderate, and severe thrombocytopenia were reported as 27 (28.7%), 4 (33.3%), 9 (81.1%), and 4 (100%), respectively, showing a significant difference (P=0.001). The mean pH in deceased patients was significantly lower than in others (0.13±7.19 vs. 0.88±7.25; P=0.005). The mortality rate in patients with coagulopathy was also significantly higher than in others (20 (69%) vs.24 (26.4%); P=0.000).
Conclusion: The incidence of acidosis and coagulation disorders in patients undergoing laparotomy and admitted to the intensive care unit is significant and is linked to poorer outcomes for these patients. However, acidosis was not found to be an independent risk factor for coagulation disorders in this population. Further research is necessary to confirm or refute these findings.

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