Showing 840 results for SE
Mohagheghi M A, Nahvi Jou A, Sedighi Z,
Volume 61, Issue 2 (14 2003)
Abstract
Opioids are increasingly being recognized as the primary treatment for cancer pain management. Optimal treatment of cancer pain involves assessing its characteristics, considering different management strategies, evaluating side effects and adverse drug reactions and establishing the most appropriate therapeutic regimen. This study was designed to review the current status of pain management for advanced cancer cases using opioid analgesics.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, disease characteristics, and opioids use indicators in 700 cases of advanced cancer patients.
Results: A total of 700 cancer cases, 42 percent females and 58 percent males, between 17-80 years age range (Mean age of 57.25) were studied retrospectively. Cancers of breast (21 percent), colorectal (12 percent), lung (7 percent), stomach (7 percent) and bone either primary or metastatic (6 percent ) in women and stomach (17 percent), lung (12 percent), colorectal (11 percent), prostate (9 percent ), and bone (8 percent ) in men were the most common causes of opioids prescription in study group respectively. Advanced primary cancer (in 52 percent), bone metastasis (in 32 percent), and treatment complications (in 7 percent ) were considered as physical basis for pain in patients. Morphine (by injection), Opium (by oral intake) and methadone (injection and/or oral) were the most common opioids prescribed. Using equianalgesic conversion chart, the daily dosages and therapeutics schedules of morphine administration were as follows:
43 percent received 21-30 mg. in 2-4 divided doses
27 percent received >30 mg. in 3-5 divided doses
21 percent received 11-20 mg. in 2-3 divided doses
9 percent received 5-10 mg. in 1-2 divided doses
Conclusion: Pain management of cancer patients is not adequate and opioid use is not rational. New educational and managerial strategies are needed to optimize cancer pain treatment in routine medical practice. To overcome current barriers, WHO stepwise model for cancer pain control and palliative care is recommended. Publishing Standard Treatment Guidelines for different levels of health care system is another recommended approach to optimize cancer pain.
Kaviani H, Ghasemzadeh H,
Volume 61, Issue 3 (14 2003)
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the comorbidity of depression and anxiety disorders.
Materials and Methods: 261 depressed (n=153) and anxious (n=108) patients were psychiatrically interviewed, and then tested by two scales, BAI and BD1 261 healthy subjects (matched with depressed and anxious patients) completed BAT and BDl as well.
Results: The results showed that %55.6 of depressed and %58.3 of anxious patients had respectively a comorbid anxiety and depression disorders.
Conclusion: The detection of symptoms overlap revealed that depressed patients experienced most of the anxiety symptoms, and anxious patients reported most of the depression symptoms. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among healthy subjects will be discussed.
Sedaghat Siahkal M, Nojoomi M, Kamali M, Tavajjohi Sh, Kashfi F,
Volume 61, Issue 5 (15 2003)
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of sub-fertility in Tehran (Iran).
Materials and Methods: The survey method was descriptive- Interview in 22 Municipal district (Iran) and a representative sample of women who were in their fertility age (25-45) were selected. After exclusion of 13 cases not meeting age criteria and 190 non-respondent cases 1987 remained.
Results: For this large city with a population of about seven million at the time of the study, we estimated the cumulative incidence of sub-fertility in 2001 to be 12.6% (95% confidence interval 11.2-14.1%). About 2.8% of this population was left with an unresolved infertility.
Conclusion: Between 11.2-14.1% of population of couples in Tehran experienced subfertility in their life and about 2.8% had unresolved infertility this must arise serious consideration to health programmer in Iran.
Radmehr H, Mirkhani S H, Sanatkar Far M, Soltatii Nia H, Emami S A, Ghorbandaei Pour I, Abolghasemi, Taghavi M, Moameni F,
Volume 61, Issue 6 (15 2003)
Abstract
Preoperative autologous blood donation is commonly used to reduce exposure to homologous blood transfusions among patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autologous transfusion on patients' hematocryte value, intra and postoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, the development of infective complications and other factors.
Materials and Methods: Between June 2001 to April 2002, 208 patients were underwent cardiac surgery in cardiac surgery ward in Imam Khomeini Medical Center. One or more blood units donate from 104 Patients before cardiopulmonary bypass and heparin injection, and transfused to them after CPB and Protamin injection (autologous Group, group 1). 104 patients underwent cardiac surgery routinely (control group, group 2).
Results: Mean of age was 55.9±8.6 in group 1 and 56.6±9.3 in group 2 (P=NS). 73 male and 31 females were in group 1 and 79 males and 25 females were in group 2 (P=NS). Smoking, familial history, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, hypertension, stroke, and history of myocardial infarction was similar in two groups.
Severity of angina, urgency operation, number vessels disease, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, duration of aortic cross clamp time, use of internal thoracic artery graft, and number of grafts was similar in both groups. Mean of bleeding post operation was 548 cc in group 1 and 803 cc in-group 2 (P=0.003). Bleeding that need to operation was 1.8% in group 1 and 8.6% in group 2 (P=0.002). Wound infection, mediastinitis, renal failure, ventilatory prolonged, stroke, need to Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP), intraoperative bleeding, and hospital stay was similar in both groups. Mean of extubationt time was 10.2 hours in group 1 and 14.8 hours in group 2 (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Preoperative and intra-operative donations are safe and continue to contribute uniquely to blood conservation, providing important options in comprehensive blood conservation programs in current pediatric open-heart surgery.
Sadr-Hoseini S M, Saedi B,
Volume 61, Issue 6 (15 2003)
Abstract
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive fungal infection that spreads from nose and sinuses to brain in short time. Cunent hypothesis about brain involvement explains that infection initiates in nose and progresses into orbit through ethmoidat sinuses via erosion of lamina papyranea. Then infection spreads from orbit apex to cavernous sinus and brain. Therefore, in addition to medical therapy surgical debridement of the sinuses plays a major role in treatment of these patients. The aim of this study is introduction of a new point of view about extension of mucor from the nose to orbit and brain. Also we discuss clinical implication of this perspective on surgery.
Materials and Methods: Since 1997-2002 nine patients with mucormycosis involving nose. Sinuses and orbit were admitted in ENT ward of Imam Khomeini general hospital. 8 patients with positive pathology entered the study. Variable such as age, underlying diseases, symptoms, site of involvement, extent of debridement and its times, and outcome were studied.
Results: After review of the history, surgical reports and pathological results, we found these findings in almost all patients: 1) facial pain, facial anesthesia, paralysis of buccal branch of facial nerve, paralysis of extrocular muscles, chemosis, periorbital edema 2) involvement of cheek subcutaneous tissue, buccal fat pad, IOF, SOF, orbital apex, infraorbital and maxillary nerves 3) involvement of pterygoid fossa with or without infratemporal fossa extension. Three patients have survived. Causes of death in other five patients were pneumonia, hypokalemia, and arrythmis during anesthesia. Mucormycosis was under control in most of these patients.
Conclusion: Pterygopalatine fossa is the main source for replication and extension of mucor. After entrance to the nose, mucor reaches this site and after involvement of IOF and SOF rapidly extends to retrobulbar portion of the orbit. Paranasal sinuses, buccal space, cheek, palate and infratemporal fossa may be secondarily involved. Exploration and debridment of this area has beneficial effect on surviving of these patients.
Khlkhali K, Sadr Hosseini S M, Azizi M R, Dashti Khoidaki Gh A,
Volume 61, Issue 6 (15 2003)
Abstract
Kimura's disease (K.D) is an uncommon, benign, chronic inflammatory condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis involving subcutaneous tissue presenting as a tumor like lesion with a predilection for the head and neck region. If parotid gland is affected clinically it is often confused with parotid tumor with lymph node metastasis. It is difficult to diagnosis before tissue biopsy and fine middle aspiration (FNA) has only limited value. There is no evidence of malignant transformation and occasional spontaneous resolution occurs. Various treatment modalities have been suggested in the management of this condition but none is proved best and recurrence is common. we describe a 33 - year- old man with KD who presented with left parotid mass.
Fahimi D, Khosroshahi N, Al Hossein S M, Amin Nejad M, Ansari M,
Volume 61, Issue 6 (15 2003)
Abstract
Acute Pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in children that may lead to renal scarring. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is an important risk factor of renal damage but not the only one.
Materials and Methods: In order to determine the association between dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphic and voiding cystourethrographic findings, a retrospective study was performed on 50 children (100 renal units) with APN that had been admitted to Bahrami Hospital from 1995 through 1998. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and DMSA scan were performed in all patients within 1 to 2 weeks after termination of treatment and a second scan was performed 6 months later in patients whose kidneys showed cortical defects in the first one. The grade of reflux was based on international reflux classification (I-V). The DMSA scans were considered abnormal if one or more areas of decreased cortical uptake were noted (cortical defect). The scar was defined as persistence of these defects in the second scan. DMSA cortical defect and VUR were demonstrated in 42 (42%) and 26 (26%) of renal units respectively.
Results: Fourteen out of 26 renal units (54%) with reflux had cortical defects and 28 out of 74 renal units (38%) without reflux had cortical defects (P=0.15). Permanent renal scarring was noted in 25/ 42 of renal units (62 %) in second scan.
Conclusion: It seems that VCUG alone is insufficient as a screening modality to identity those kidneys at risk of damage and DMSA scan may provide additional information about this.
Rasooli Nejad M, Mohsen Poor B, Haji Abdulbaghy M,
Volume 62, Issue 2 (12 2004)
Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis rests on CSF examination by lumbar puncture. Before lumbar puncture, intracranial mass lesions that increase intracranial pressure, must be ruled out, so brain CT-scan may be considered . In this study we evaluated the accuracy of physical examination for intracranial mass in patients with meningismus.
Materials and Methods: 100 patients who had symptoms and signs of acute meningitis were evaluated and then brain scan was performed. After this, clinical manifestations were compared with CT results and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were analyzed.
Results: 73% of patients were men and 27% women. Most of patients were between 22 to 31 years old. 34% of patients had meningitis, 22% had SOL, 69% had one neurological symptom or sign at least. As a whole, sensitivity, specificity, pos. and neg. predictive values and accuracy in diagnosis of contradictions of L.P. are 90.9%, 37.1%, 28.9%, 93. 5%, 59% .
Conclusion: This study shows that with help of symptoms and signs fundoscopy in patients suspected to have meningitis, we can perform LP without brain CT preliminary.
Sadr Hoseini S M, Moheby A,
Volume 62, Issue 2 (12 2004)
Abstract
Sphenochoanal poyp is rare nasal mass that originates from sphenoid sinus. In anterior rhinoscopy it may be mistaken with antrochoanal polyp. CT of paranasal sinuses and nasal endoscopy has increased diagnostic accuracy. Simple polypectomy without removal of intra sinus mass is associated with increased risk of recurrence. Treatment of sphenochoanal polyp must include removal of intrasphenoid part via enlargement of the sphenoid sinus ostium. At present time the choice of the surgical approach for sphenochoanal polyp is endoscopic sinus surgery.
We introduce a case of sphenochoanal polyp and review its clinical, radiologic and pathologic findings and insist on endoscopic sinus surgery as a safe, effective treatment for it.
Shoeibi G, Akbari Nejad M, Hosein Gholizadeh A,
Volume 62, Issue 2 (12 2004)
Abstract
Background: Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) compared to general anesthesia has some pits and falls. Many drugs have been employed for this anesthesia. Propofol is accounted as the last advent anesthetic drug. It belongs to alkyl phenol families and has been accounted one of the best choices for the continuous infusion. Invention of midazolam as the first water soluble benzodiazepine was also an important event in anesthesia and it can be used as continuous infusion for the anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, alfentanyl plus propofol or midazolam were used for TIVA anesthesia in 60 female patients undergoing Dilatation and Curettage (D&C) in Dr.Shariati hospital in March 2002 till March 2003. They were allocated reandomly in two group of alfentanyl plus propofol (propofol group) or alfentanyl plus midazolam (midazolam group)
Results: There was no significant difference in mean of age between propofol group and midazolam group (P>0.05), also There was no significant difference in preanesthesia condition such as blood pressure and heart rate between propofol group and midazolam group (p>0.05). After induction of anesthesia there was a gross blood pressure decrease in both group that it was greater in midazolam group (85 mmHg versus 73 mmHg, P<0.05 ) following this, there was an increase in heart rate in both groups that it was modest in propofol group (98 Beat/Sec versus 118 Beat/Sec, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mean infused alfentanyl (P>0.05) also there was just one naloxane injection in midazolam group that have no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). Recovery room stay was significantly lower in propofol group (25 minutes versus 39 minutes, P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study was similar to Vuyk et.al.In their study there was a significant lower recovery time estimated by psychomotor reflexes and there was significant lower drowsiness, place and time orientation time compared to midazolam group. Finally according to the results of this study it can be resulted that TIVA with propofol is more suitable than midazolam and it can lower hospitalization time and cost. In future studies using other narcotics and other narcotics-anesthetic compounds with various dose can be mentioned.
Jamshidi A R, Safavi E, Naji A, Sedighi N, Gharib Doost F, Saber S, Gholshahi H, Jvadi Nejad Z , Bhadorani A,
Volume 62, Issue 2 (12 2004)
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary involvement is a common and serious complication of rheumatoid arthritis. This cross sectional study sought to determine the prevalence of pulmonary disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of history, physical examination, chest X-ray and PFT.
Materials and Methods: 103 patients (81 Women, 22 Men) fulfilling the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria for RA (Rheumatoid arthritis) were consecutively included in a cross sectional study. Detailed medical (including respiratory symptoms and the disease activity symptoms) and drug and occupational histories and smoking were obtained. All patients underwent a complete pulmonary and rheumatologic examination and conventional chest radiography. All patients underwent PFT that comprised spirometry and body plethysmography.Results for PFTs were expressed as percentage of predicted values for each individual adjusted for age, sex, and height.
Results: On the basis of history: Their mean age was 43.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 17-74) and the mean duration of the disease was 69.3 ± 15.6 months. Rheumatoid factor was positive in% 61.2. No patients were 0.5Pack/Year smoker in whole life. Prevalence of pulmonary involvement based on radiographic and pulmonary function test detected in 41 patients (39/7%). The most frequent respiratory clinical finding was dyspnea (33%), (NYHA grade I in 17.5% and NYHA grade II in 15.5%), Cough (with or without sputum) in 13.6 %, Crackle was the most sign in pulmonary examination (5.8%). Chest X-ray was abnormal in 13.3 % that the most common finding in this study was reticulonodular pattern in 20 patients (19.4 %), and pleural effusion detected in 7 patients (6.7%). PFT was abnormal in 30 patients (29.1 %). A significant decrease of FEF 25%-75% below 1.64 SD. Small airway involvements was the most abnormal finding of PFT. No relation between rheumatoid arthritis disease activity (ESR>30, Morning stiffness>30', Anemia, thrombocytosis) with pulmonary disease was seen.
Conclusion: This study suggests a high prevalence of lung involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Therefore we recommend a complete investigation in patients with RA with any respiratory symptom.
Noorizadeh M, Hajati J, Hoseinali Eazad M, Moosavi Shabestari T,
Volume 62, Issue 2 (12 2004)
Abstract
Background: Role of cytokines in regulation of immune system has been the subject of studies and clinical investigations. One of these cytokines, IL-2 has been well initially introduced as T cell Growth factor (TCGF), but subsequently it appeared that IL-2 is one of the important mediators affecting growth, development and activity of T, B, NK and LAK cells. Nowadays this cytokines has extensive use in clinical and research fields of immunotherapy of cancer and infectious disease.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we used Jurcat cell line for production and partial purification of IL-2 106 cell/ml were stimulated by PHA (1 µg/ml) and PMA (10 µg/ml) at the third day of the culture and then supernatant were collected after 22 hrs.
Results & Conclusion: In order to obtain sufficient amount of IL-2 and eliminate interfacing materials, supernatants were concentrated using Amicon 10 and 30 PM filters. After concentrating, bioassay and Elisa were performed to detect the biological activity and amount of produced IL-2.
Reversed phase-HPLC was used to confirm the IL-2 identity and purification.
F Ghaem Maghami , F Ensani , N Behtash , S E Hosseini Nejad ,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (11 2004)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the histologic results of biopsy in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cytologic diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed a series of cases with ASCUS pap smears from March 1999 to Feb 2002 in Imam Khomeini Hospital (n= 104), Who had cervical biopsy indirected colposcopy (103) and in Onec endocervical biopsy obtained without colposcopy. In 60 patients before colposcopy and biopsy repeat pap smear was tabled.
Results: Biopsy revealed 28.8% SIL (14 LSIL and 16 HSIL), 1 invasive carcinoma and 1 endometrial carcinoma. Pap smear repeated for 60 women before colposcopy examination, which 7 (11.7%) of them were normal. ASCUS persisted in 45 cases (75%) and 8 cases (13.3%) turned out to be SIL (6 LSIL, 2 HSIL) of 7 normal repeat smear, 2 marked as LSIL by biopsy. In colposcopic examination 22 of 103 (21.4%) had normal view which one of them was LSIL histologically.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, it seems immediate colposcopy and directed biopsy are appropriate procedures for management of ASCUS and to detect underlying SIL.
M Khosravi , S.a Keshavarz , M Hoseini ,
Volume 63, Issue 1 (5 2005)
Abstract
Background, Materials and Methods: In order to evaluation the newborn’s nutrintional status in Bojnoard, 566 healty, Single full term newborn were examined. In this examination, the indicators of weight for age, height for age, weight for height and head circumference for age in the beginning of birth were calculated and compared to National Center of Health Statistics Standards (NCHS), with making use of fifth percentile of reference society for malnutrition edge, was specified that, nutritional status in above newborn’s is better than reference society’s newborns. Results&Conclusion: The data analysis of this research showed that between mother’s near delivery weight (P = 0.037) and mother’s nutritional attitude (P= 0.004) and numbers of family( P = 0.006 ) with height for age, between newborn’s sex (P= 0.004), mother’s age(P= 0.038), mother’s near delivery weight(P = 0.042) and mother’s nutritional practice during pregnancy (P= 0.041) with weight for height and between mother’s age (P= 0.043), mother’s near delivery weight (P= 0.048), mother’s height (P= 0.025), mother’s nutritional knowledge (P = 0.046) with head circumference for age, there is significant statistic connection. Also there was a weak statistic connection between newborn’s nutritional status and grade of birth (P= 0.09), but there is no significant meaningful connection between wanted or unwanted newborn and mother’s nutritional knowledge.
A Madani , M Shakiba , N Taei , T Esfehani , P Mohseni ,
Volume 63, Issue 1 (5 2005)
Abstract
Background: Chronic renal failure defines as progressive and irreversible dysfunction of kidneys that could eventually terminated to end stage renal disease (GFR< 10% NL). Because of therapeutic problem and high mortality and morbidity and it &aposs implication quality of life , ESRD is one of the important dilemma of pediatric medicine .
Materials and Methods: In our study 216 patients evaluated .
Results: Male to female ratio was 1.1 . The peak of the presenting age of ESRD was 10 years old (8-12 y). Congenital urological malformation (30%) , glomerulopathies (20%) , hereditary nephropathies (14.3%) , multisystem diseases (7%) and nephrolithiasis (6.2%) are the most common etiologies of ESRD . VUR in 21% and congenital obstructive disease in 8.5% are the etiology of ESRD. In patients with age five years old and lesser common causes of ESRD are congenital urologic malformation and glomerulopathies. In other age groups , urologic malformation is the most common cause of ESRD. In etiologic assessment of two separate 7 years interval , (1988-1993) and (1996-2003) , there was not any significant change in frequency of etiologies but frequency of congenital obstructive uropathy decreased from 10 % to 5.7%. Total amount of VUR (VUR ± Neuropathic bladder) has not any change but frequency of primary reflux nephropathy decreased from 14.2% to 8%. In this study , in 145 patients hemodialysis continued and 28 cases had unsuccessful renal transplant (13.8%) . 7.4 % of patients had successful renal replacement therapy (RRT) and mortality rate was 7.4% . B
Conclusion: Based on that the most common cause of ESRD is all ages in congenital urologic malformations , early diagnosis and appropriate management of these cases are effective in decreasing incidence of ESRD and with respect to few cases of renal transplant and unsuccessful results in 65% of RRT , the approach of this problem should be revised.
Kaviani H, Poor Naseh M,
Volume 63, Issue 2 (12 2005)
Abstract
Background: This Study aimed to validate the temperament and character inventory (TCI) in an Iranian sample of men and women with different ages. TCI contains subscales designed to measure seven different personality traits and characteristics.
Materials and Methods: In the first step, subjects (n=1212) completed the questionnaire. In the second step, to examine the reliability of the questionnaire, 101 randomly chosen subjects were re-tested one to two months after the first test. Also, in order to examine the validity of the questionnaire, 100 subjects were interviewed by two psychologists using a checklist based on the Cloninger&aposs biological theory of personality. The interviewers, who were blind to the subjects&apos scores on the seven subscales, rated each subject for the seven traits and characteristics on a 10-point rating scale (from 1 to 10).
Results & Conclusion: The results showed normative data for the subscales novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), persistence (Per), self directiveness (SD), cooperation (Co) and self transcendence (ST) for different gender and age classes. Correlations between the scores and ratings of the test and re-test revealed significant coefficients, confirming reliability for all subscales. A good internal consistency was found for each subscale. The results also showed no significant correlations higher than 0.40 among NS, HA, Per and RD the temperament subscales were independent from each other. The only significant correlation, higher than 0.40, among the character subscales was between SD and Co. Applied and clinical implication of the present findings will be discussed.
Sedighi I, Rahimi H, Kakhodaee A, A Siadati ,
Volume 63, Issue 3 (12 2005)
Abstract
Background: Bacterial meningitis is a fatal disease with high mortality and morbidity that needs emergency management. But due to nonspecific signs and symptoms it&aposs diagnosis in children is difficult. Recently procalcitonin has been used for diagnosis of serious bacterial infections like bacterial meningitis. We conducted a prospective study in children for evaluation of procalcitonin in differential diagnosis of acute bacterial and viral meningitis.
Materials and Methods: In a prospective process research, we measured CSF procalcitonin levels in 43 children older than two months referred to Markaz Tebbi hospital. According to the results of universal PCR the patients were divided into two groups: bacterial meningitis (n=11) and nonbacterial meningitis (n=32). To analysis the results, Mann-Whitney test was used.
Results: CSF procalcitonin level in bacterial meningitis was significantly higher than viral meningitis (1.72±0.9 ng/ml and 0.71±0.04ng/ml respectively,Pvalue= 0.00). A serum procalcitonin level >0.5 ng/ml had high sensitivity and specificity ( 90.1% and 97.1% respectively) in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Conclusion: CSF procalcitonin level seems to be a valuable marker in differentiating between bacterial and viral meningitis.
Mehrdad R, Esmaeili Javid G, Hasan Zadeh H, Sotoodeh Manesh A, Ghasemi M,
Volume 63, Issue 4 (13 2005)
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to compare low-level laser therapy (LLLT) + exercise therapy with LLLT alone and exercise therapy alone, and to determine whether laser therapy is a useful treatment modality for chronic low back pain (LBP).
Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Patients with chronic LBP for at least 12 weeks were included. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ), Schober test, flexion, extension and lateral bending were used to evaluate back pain, disability score and lumbar range of motion. Irradiation was performed with GaAlAs (=810 nm, power density=226 mW/cm2) laser, two times a week, over a period of 6 weeks. Subjects were evaluated before the first treatment, at week 6 and 12 follow-up.
Results: The reduction in pain related to motion was significantly greater in the exercise + LLLT group compared with the exercise alone group (P = 0.004) but was not significant, compared with LLLT alone (P = 0.982). Disability score in LLLT + exercise therapy reduced more than the other two groups, and the difference with exercise alone group was significant (p = 0.03). Comparison of reduction of disability between LLLT alone and exercise therapy alone was not statistically significant. Improvement of lumbar range of motion in patients treated with LLLT + exercise therapy was better than the other two groups significantly, especially by Schober test and Flexion and lateral bending.
Conclusion: This study clearly shows that LLLT alone and especially LLLT combined with exercise can lead to better improvement in chronic LBP.
O Taziki, M Lesanpezeshki , R Abolghasemi,
Volume 64, Issue 1 (30 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: What constitutes adequate dialysis has been debated in the nephrology literature over the past years. We believed that short and infrequent dialysis session contributed to poor outcome. This result provides additional evidence that (KT/V) in a flawed concept upon which to based the dose dialysis in general. Base on published evidence from many source we proposed a new index of adequacy of hemodialysis to be called hemodialysis product (HDP).
Materials and Methods: The prospective study was performed on 100 dialysis patient in the Imam hospital dialysis ward in Tehran during 2002. delivered (KT/V) and (HDP) achieved for any patient separated. Results: 100 patients including 44 female and 56 male were studied. Result has shown (KT/V) d≥ 1 in 43% and (KT/V) d< 1 in 57%. HDP in patient with (KT/V) d > 1 were ≥ 36. HDP in patient with (KT/V) d < 1 were < 36. Correlation between (KT/V) d and albumin was significant (p< 0.03, Albumin ≥ 4 mg/dl). Correlation between (KT/V) d and cholesterol, hemoglobin, creatinine were not significant. Correlation between (KT/V) d and HDP was significant (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Finding above has shown that higher weekly delivered (KT/V) correlate with dialysis result increase hemodialysis product (HDP). More frequent and session dialysis results increase in HDP, provide better weekly (KT/V) d with normal albumin (show good caloric and protein intake).
Sh Rhezaii, A.m Hosseini , M Fallahi,
Volume 64, Issue 1 (30 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today, work related stress has become a common and costly problem in work places that most of studies in the last 30 decades have engaged in this problem. Several reports indicate that the occupations such as nursing which have high psychological job demands and low decision latitude are very stressful. This stress can cause harmful physical and psychological effects on nurses’ health. On the other hand, job stress may result in high rates of injury, tardiness and absenteeism at work place and reduced productivity and organizational commitment leading to low quality of nursing care. Numerous studies suggested that learning new activities and skills such as communication skills is one of the best strategies against job stress .The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of communication Skills training in reducing work stress level among nursing personnel in rehabilitation centers.
Materials and Methods: The quasi- experimental design was conducted. A sample of 48 nursing personnel participated in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two experimental or control groups. Subjects in experimental group participated in a 7- hour’s workshop, all subjects were pre and post tested (one month later) for job stress and communication skills with the Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and communication skills test.
Results: Results revealed the following: (1) subjects in both groups after pretest were the middle level of stress and communication skills. (2) After training the experimental group scored higher on the rating of communication skills than control group and had successfully maintained their improvements for 4 weeks. (3) After training the experimental group showed lower level of stress than control group and had successfully maintained their improvements for 4 weeks.
Conclusion: As a result of this research communication skills training could reduce level of stress among nursing personnel, thus. It is recommended to apply communication skills training programs for nursing personnel working at rehabilitation centers in order to assist them to coping with their job stress and improve the quality of nursing care.
