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Showing 39 results for Tehrani
p16 immunohistochemistric marker in normal and tumoral myometrium: a study on 136 cases
Forouhesh Tehrani Z, Paikari Ar, Malaieri A,
Volume 68, Issue 9 (6 2010)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Uterine smooth muscle tumors classified as leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma and tumors with uncertain malignant potential. The leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma are separated tumors biologically. Uterine smooth muscle tumors with uncertain malignant potential include a group of tumors which are not specifically placed into two others groups which result in a serious problem in a way of their treatment. In the present study expression of marker "p16" in smooth muscle tumors of uterine and normal myometrium has been investigated.
Methods: The entire paraffin blocks related to hysterectomy cases with diagnosis of normal myometrium, leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma (3768 cases) available in pathology lab. in Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 1372 to 1387 were investigated. Among them 62 normal myometrium, 62 leiomyoma and 12 leiomyosarcoma had been chosen and after staining for marker "p16" were investigated separately.
Results: There were a statistically significant difference in both intensity and percentage of staining for this marker between leiomyoma and leiomiosarcoma (p< 0.001) and between leiomyosarcoma and normal myometrium (p< 0.001) but not between leiomyoma and normal myometrium (p= 3.6).
Conclusion: Based on this study if strong and more than focal immunoreactivity for marker "p16" suppose as positive then leiomyosarcoma will be positive for this marker but leiomyoma and normal myometrium will not be and this could be considered as a good guide for categorizing the uterine smooth muscle tumors.


Utility of immunohistochemistry method in expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 in endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinoma
Janbazvatan A, Foruhesh Tehrani Z, Izadi Mood N, Malayeri A,
Volume 68, Issue 11 (4 2011)
Abstract

Background: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is widely used in the diagnosis of lung and thyroid carcinomas. Although there have been reports of TTF-1 immunoreactivity in tumors other than those originating from the lung or thyroid, endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas have not been studied in large numbers in this regard.

Methods: Thirteen endocervical adenocarcinomas, 39 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas and four uterine serous carcinomas which had no neuroendocrine component were retrieved, stained by TTF-1 and examined. A semiquantitative grading system was used to evaluate the distribution of TTF-1 staining (0= negative, 1+  5%, 2+= 5% to 25%, 3+= 26% to 50%, 4+= 51% to 75% and 5+  75%). A qualitative system was also used to evaluate the intensity of TTF-1 staining (weak, moderate and strong).

Results: TTF-1 expression was seen in 1 out of 13 (7.7%) endocervical adenocarcinoma samples, showing 1+ distribution rate and weak intensity. The positive sample was moderately differentiated. TTF-1 expression was present in 2 out of 39 (5.1%) endometrioid adenocarcinoma samples (one grade I and the other grade II) with 1+ distribution rate and weak intensity. There was no apparent correlation between the degree of differentiation and TTF-1 positivity in the studied adenocarcinomas. None of the four endometrial serous carcinomas were positive for TTF-1.

Conclusion: Although some recent studies cast doubt about the specificity of TTF-1 for lung and thyroid carcinoma, our study showed that TTF-1 was negative in endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas and established the specificity of TTF-1 for lung and thyroid carcinomas.


The effects of Ethanol Extract of Propolis (EEP) on the experimentally induced Candida keratitis in rabbits
Ahangari Aa, Ownagh A, Tehrani A, Tukmechi A,
Volume 69, Issue 1 (4 2011)
Abstract
Background: Propolis (bee glue) is a resinous substance obtained from bee hives living on various plant sources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on the experimentally induced Candidial keratitis in rabbits. Methods: The alcoholic extract of propolis was prepared by 80% ethyl alcohol. After suppressing the immune system of 24 male rabbits, experimental Candida albicans keratitis was induced in the animals under local anesthesia and sterile conditions. The animals were later divided into four groups including the control or glycerin group and a nystatin and two 500 and 1000µg/ml EEP groups. Treatment continued for 21 days and after sacrificing the animals by humane methods, histopathological samples of the rabbits’ eyes were prepared. Results: Keratitis was developed in the eyes of all rabbits a week after the yeast inoculation. In the control group in which animals received glycerin, keratitis persisted until day 21. Clinical signs of keratitis disappeared in the Nystatin and 1000µg/ml EEP groups after 14 and 21 days, respectively. The clinical signs of keratitis partially ameliorated in the animals receiving 500µg/ml EEP. Histopathological examination revealed no differences between groups receiving nystatin or 1000µg/ml EEP. Conclusion: It is concluded that, ethanol extract of propolis could completely treat Candida albicans keratitis in 1000µg/ml concentrations. This extract can be used as a safe antifungal agent against Candida albicans and it is a good substitute for synthetic antifungal agents like nystatin.
Designing and constructing an 100 bp DNA Ladder by combining PCR and enzyme digestion methods
Saidijam M, Khanahmad Shahreza H, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Karimizare S, Shabab N, Behdani M,
Volume 69, Issue 2 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Molecular DNA markers are one of the most important tools in molecular biology labs. The size of DNA molecules is determined by comparing them with known bands of markers during gel electrophoresis. There are many different protocols to produce these kinds of molecular markers. In this study we have suggested an efficient strategy to produce molecular weight markers in industrial proportions. Methods: To achieve the desired sizes of DNA fragments, a combination of two previously known methods, restriction enzyme digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were used. The enzymatic digestion process was based on designing and constructing plasmids which equaled in size with the desired length of DNA fragments and produced the desired DNA fragment upon linearization. In the PCR method, the desired length of DNA fragments were cloned in multiple cloning sites of pTZ57R plasmid and in a PCR reaction, the new constructed plasmid was used as a template to produce the final fragment. Results: Upon application of this strategy, 2000 and 3000 bp DNA fragments were produced by enzymatic digestion of plasmids of the same size. Moreover, 100 to 1500 bp fragments were produced during PCR using only a set of forward and reverse primers at the flanking region of pTZ57R multiple cloning site. Conclusion: The highest advantage of this cost-benefit approach is to produce different types of molecular weight markers by using an effective and short protocol
Determining the interobserver reproducibility of Pap smears in the diagnosis of epithelial cell abnormalities
Izadi-Mood N, Sarmadi S, Heydari-Farzan F, Haeri H, Forouhesh-Tehrani Z,
Volume 69, Issue 4 (6 2011)
Abstract

800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Cancer of uterine cervix is the second cause of death in women in the world and the most common cause in developing countries. Because the majority of women with invasive cervical cancer of the uterine have not previously undergone screening, many clinicians assume that Pap smear has a high degree of accuracy but problems such as false positive and false negative interpretations, as well as interobserver variability have questioned its validity.
Methods : We retrieved 162 positive cervical smears that had been originally interpreted as ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, SCC, AGC and adenocarcinoma from the cytology archives of Women's Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The slides were rescreened by an experienced pathologist and reclassified in the mentioned categories. All the 162 slides were reviewed by three more pathologists in a blind study using interpretative criteria utilized in their daily routine to evaluate interobserver reproducibility. To increase the level of interobserver agreement, the diagnostic categories were reduced to squamous Vs. glandular abnormalities and invasive (SCC and adenocarcinoma) Vs. non-invasive abnormalities.
Results : The results obtained in this study indicated slight interobserver agreement (k=0.26). The most reproducible category was the invasive category (SCC in addition to adenocarcinoma) and the least agreement was seen for HSIL (k=0.19).
Conclusion: This study showed that reproducibility of cytological interpretation of conventional Pap smears varies among interpretive categories and the overall interobserver agreement is slight. Since convening on the reduction of interobserver discrepancy in Pap smear interpretations necessitates more reliable information of interpretative variability, larger studies need to be undertaken.


The association between serum chemerin concentration and polycystic ovarian syndrome
Haghighi S, Yaghmaei P, Hashemi F, Saadati N, Ramezani Tehrani F, Hedayati M,
Volume 70, Issue 5 (5 2012)
Abstract

Background: Adipokines are proteins which are secreted from the adipose tissue. These groups of proteins are involved in the control of metabolism. Chemerin is one of these adipokines with different proposed biological roles. Serum levels of chemerin have been associated with increased body mass index, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum chemerin concentrations and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Methods: This case-control study was performed in Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2011. On 45 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and 45 normal individuals as the control group. The participants were selected by easy given sampling method. Body mass index, fasting chemerin and serum insulin concentrations were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELIZA) method. Fasting serum glucose was measured by the enzyme-calorimetric method and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was measured by the calculation of relevant equation. Data was analyzed using independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient by SPSS version 18.

Results: Serum chemerin, insulin, and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome than the control group. There was no significant correlation between body mass index, serum levels of insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, or chemerin in cases and controls.

Conclusion: This study showed that serum chemerin levels increase in polycystic ovarian syndrome. The findings also suggest that changes in chemerin serum levels could be considered as a criterion for polycystic ovarian syndrome.


Ten-year evaluation of cardiac myxoma in Shahid Modarres Hospital
Seyed Masoud Majidi Tehrani, Hamid Ghaderi , Mahnoosh Foroughi , Manouchehr Hekmat, Mahmoud Beheshti Monfared, Hassan Tatari , Seyed Mohsen Mirhosseini , Zargham Hossein Ahmadi, Zahra Ansari Aval, Seyedeh Adeleh Mirjafari,
Volume 72, Issue 2 (May 2014)
Abstract
Background: Primary cardiac tumors are rare tumors which should be operated urgently. In this study, cardiac myxoma have been evaluated from diagnosis until dis-charge in a 10 years period and then results including presenting symptoms, approach to the patients were compared with similar study in this center a decade ago. Methods: Patients who underwent operation for myxoma from year 2003 until 2013 in the Shahid Modarres Hospital were included in this study. Results: Eighteen patients included in the study, 11 female and seven male. Patients’ ages were in the range of 13 to 76 years (mean 53 years). Mean time from diagnosis to operation was 5.8 days and mean time from surgery to discharge was 8.6±6.1 days. Most common presenting symptoms were first clinical presentation in four patients. In all patents echocardiography was the main diagnostic modality. In addition to trans thoracic echocardiography (TTE), in five patients TEE was used and in 13 patients coronary angiography was used to rule out concomitant coronary artery disease. 94.4% of all tumors (17 cases) were primary cardiac tumors and only one tumor (5.6%) was recurrent. In 16 patients (88.9%) tumor were found in the Left Atrium (L.A) and in one case, tumor was found in both atria and in another case, tumor was in the ventricle. After tumor excision, atrial septum was repaired primarily in seven cases (38.9%) and with pericardial patch in 9 cases. One patient underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and another patient underwent concomitant pulmonary valve repair. 14 patients (77.8%) discharged from hospital without any post operative complication. Heart block occurred in one patient and cerebral emboli with secondary cerebrovascular accident (CVA) developed in two patients. One patient died (5.6%). Conclusion: Comparing results from two similar studies in two consecutive decades revealed that mean time from diagnosis to operation obviously was reduced but ad-vances in diagnostic modalities were unable to change clinical presentation or reduce age of tumor diagnosis or complications or size.
The frequency of clinical and laboratory findings of hypernatremia and factors affecting its severity in term newborns
Hajieh Borna , Shiva Rafati, Fathemeh Haj Ebrahim Tehrani,
Volume 72, Issue 8 (November 2014)
Abstract
Background: Hypernatremic dehydration in neonate is a serious potentially life treating can damage the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and laboratory signs of hypernatremic dehydration in term infant. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed from April 2010 to March 2012 in 111 neonates with sodium>145 mmol/l who were admitted at the Mostafa Khomeini and Hazrat Zainab Hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The incidence of clinical and laboratory findings and relationship between some risk factors influencing the severity of hypernatremia were reviewed. The patients were subdivided in two groups: Na<150 mmol/l (group 1) and Na≥150 mmol/l (group 2). Premature infants less than 37 weeks, congenital malformations, formula fed, sepsis and organic disease were excluded. The Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used for statistical data analysis. P<0.05 were considered significant. Results: One hundred and eleven of 2015 (5.2%) patients had hypernatremia. Fifty eight (52.25%) infants were male and sodium ranging was from 146 to 175 mmol/l with an average of 150.3 mg/dl. The most common clinical findings in both groups 1 and 2 were lethargy (81%, 84.5%), fever (74.1%, 73.6%), poor feeding (67.3%, 73.6%), weight loss (60.2%, 84.9%) and a decrease in urine volume (31%, 52.8%). Oliguria, restlessness, seizures, weight loss, orange urine, pathologic hyperbilirubinemia were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (P<0.05). There was correlation between severity of hyprnatremia and weight (P=0.022) and age of neonate (P=0.046), time of first feeding (P=0.016), serum creatinie>1.5 mg/dl (P=0.016) and bilirubin level (P=0.01). The relationship between type of nutrition, type of delivery, parity, maternal age, sex, gestational age, discharge, maternal education level were not significant. Conclusion: Sufficient attention to the warning signs of hypernatremia such as lethargy, weight loss, oliguria, poor feeding, fever, restlessness and determination of serum sodium levels in suspected cases can significantly reduce the potential complications of hypernatremic dehydration in neonate.
Effect of Alpha-2 adenoceptor inhibitors on the growth of ovarian follicles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Farideh Zafari Zangeneh, Ensieh Tehraninejad , Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh , Marsieh Mohebbi,
Volume 73, Issue 10 (January 2016)
Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common complex condition. Evidences from studies on women with PCOS and rat PCO model suggest that the sympathetic regulatory drive to the ovary may be unbalanced (hyperactivity). Findings that support the involvement of sympathetic nervous system in the pathophysiology of PCOS are that the catecholaminergic nerve fibers in the polycystic ovaries of women with PCOS are denser than in normal ovaries. The purpose of this study was reduction of this hyperactivity.

Methods: This study was clinical trial and was performed in Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during January 2013 to 2015. A total of 61 women between aged 20-40 years and BMI under 28 kg/m2, who were previously diagnosed with PCOS were assessed. The diagnosis of PCOS was made according to joint criteria of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ESHRE/ASRM). The study objectives were explained to the patients before they entered the study, and an informed consent was obtained from all. They were divided into three groups as follows: (i) two study group (n=39) and (ii) control group (n=22). For evaluating effects of alpha-2 inhibitors (Clonidine and Yohimbine) by Eliza, the following variables were evaluated before and after drug therapy: serum cortisol adrenaline (A) noradrenalin (NA) beta-endorphin (&beta-End) insulin as well as sex hormones including FSH, LH and Estradiol.

Results: Our results showed that, Clonidine as central anti-adrenergic drug causes 61% of all pregnancies in the study group. This is high percentage of the pregnancy rate compared with yohimbine (P< 0.001). Yohimbine (Indol alkaloid) as alpha-2 adenoceptor antagonist increases follicular development in this disease. This follicle growth is higher than clonidine (P< 0.01).

Conclusion: Our findings showed that increasing the pregnancy rate and follicular development represent the strategic role of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in polycystic ovary syndrome and) SNS may thus offer a novel biological and pharmacological target in treatment of PCOS.


Sexual dysfunction and the underlying medical problems in post-menopausal women
Soheila Nazarpour , Masoumeh Simbar , Rameza Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani , Hamid Alavi Majd ,
Volume 73, Issue 11 (February 2016)
Abstract

Background: Sexual dysfunction could be under the influence of some underlying medical problems. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between medical problems and sexual function in post-menopausal women.

Methods: This is a community-based, descriptive-correlation study of 405 post-menopausal women residing in Chalus and Nowshahr cities, North of Iran, aged 40 to 65 years old from October 2013 to May 2014. A multistage, randomized sampling was conducted. The data was acquired through interviews using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire, and was analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests such as multiple linear regression and logistic regression models.

Results: 51.4% of the subjects had medical conditions. Cardiovascular disorders were the most common diseases among the subjects. 61% of the women were suffering from female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Sexual dysfunction in patients with medical conditions was significantly higher (P= 0.037). Scores of arousal (P= 0.000), orgasm (P= 0.018), and satisfaction (P= 0.026), as well as the FSFI total score (P= 0.005), were significantly lower in subjects with cardiovascular disorders. Scores of desire (P= 0.001), arousal (P= 0.006), lubrication (P= 0.010), orgasm (P= 0.004), and satisfaction (P= 0.022), as well as the FSFI total score (P= 0.017), were significantly lower in subjects with diabetes. Scores of pain were significantly lower in subjects with musculoskeletal disorders (P= 0.041), they experienced more pain during intercourse. In domains of arousal (P= 0.030), satisfaction (P= 0.040), and pain (P= 0.044), the scores of those taking antihypertensive medications were significantly lower than the scores of the rest of the subjects. Scores of desire (P= 0.001), arousal (P= 0.006), orgasm (P= 0.006), and satisfaction (P= 0.048), as well as the FSFI total score (P= 0.006), were significantly lower in those taking antidiabetic drugs. And lastly, the mean satisfaction score in women whose spouse had medical conditions was significantly lower (P= 0.040).

Conclusion: Cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and musculoskeletal disorders could have a negative impact on sexual function in post-menopausal women. Thus, these diseases must be considered and treated in order to improve women’s health, particularly their sexual function.


The effect of listening to Quran on umbilical cord cortisol level during caesarean section under spinal anesthesia
Shiva Rafati , Hajie Borna , Fateme Hajebrahim Tehrani , Seid Mohammad Bager Akhavi Rad, Zahra Abdolla Poor,
Volume 74, Issue 2 (May 2016)
Abstract

Background: Surgery and pain increases cortisol levels with inducing hormonal responses. By reducing stress, adverse effects of cortisol can be controlled and accelerated the healing process. Religious practices like listening to Quran have important roles in reducing anxiety. Moreover, the level of cortisol hormone of the blood is one of the best indicators of the stress level. The aim of this study was to investigating the effect of listening to Quran on the plasma cortisol level of the umbilical cord in cesarean with spinal anesthesia.

Methods: A clinical trial study was designed and conducted on sixty primigravid mothers who were hospitalized to deliver their first baby by elective caesarian operation, 30 of them were selected as intervention group and 30 of them were selected as control group. For the subjects of the intervention group, the personal information questionnaires were completed and their vital signs were recorded. Also, their blood was sampled for measuring cortisol level. Then they listened to Quran. After spinal anesthesia, vital signs were recorded and the blood of umbilical cord was sampled for measuring the cortisol level. For the subjects of the control group, all the steps were done except listening to Quran. Two groups were statistically homogenous in the variables of age, gestational age, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and cortisol levels before the intervention. The mean and SD cortisol in intervention group before and after listening to the Quran were 39.08±10.71 versus 41.10±5.05.

Results: The reduction of cortisol level of the intervention group (who listened to Quran) was significantly greater than of the control group P=0.035. Systolic blood pressure of the intervention group in the operating ward had statistically significant reduction relation to the systolic blood pressure before operation P=0.043. However systolic blood pressure of the control group in the operating ward had not statistically significant reduction relation to the systolic blood pressure before operation P=0.357. Listening to Quran has no effect on diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate.

Conclusion: Listening to Quran before caesarean affects the change of plasma cortisol level and the systolic blood pressure.


Determination of propineb residue in consumed tea
Behnaz Tehrani, Soheil Sobhanardakani,
Volume 74, Issue 6 (September 2016)
Abstract

Background: The use of pesticides is essential to pests control in horticultural crops for the production of an adequate food supply for an increasing world population and for the control of insect-borne diseases. Therefore, pesticide residues in environment and food have a negative impact on the health of living organisms especially human. In this regard, the present study was carried out for assessment and comparing of propineb residues in Iranian tea and imported consumed tea.

Methods: In this experimental study, according to the Cochran's sample size formula, 12 samples from 4 brand of imported tea and 6 samples from 2 brand of Iranian tea were collected from market basket of Hamadan City in 2015. After preparation and processing the samples in the laboratory, propineb residues in samples determined using a spectrophotometric method to a wavelength range of 400 nm in 5 replications. Recovery tests were carried out using pesticide-free samples. Also, all statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package version 19 (Chicago, IL, USA).

Results: The mean concentration of propineb residues in Iranian tea samples were 1.60±0.27 µg/kg and in imported tea samples were 0.78±0.63 µg/kg, respectively and lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) provided by the European Commission (100 ppb). The results of the comparison of the mean concentration of pesticide residues between Iranian and imported tea samples revealed no statistically significant differences between all the samples together (P=0.17).

Conclusion: The results showed that the residues of propineb were found in all analyzed tea specimens. But according to the mean concentrations of propineb residues in tea samples marketed in Hamedan City were lower than MRL, therefore, no adverse health effects have been established from controlled consuming of tea. Also, concerning increased use of agricultural inputs especially kind of pesticides for pest management by farmers, regular periodic monitoring of chemical pollutants content in Iranian and imported tea are recommended for food safety.


The prevalence and assessment of blood transfusions in newborns
Hajieh Borna , Shiva Rafati , Fathemeh Haj Ebrahim Tehrani , Someieh Gadimii ,
Volume 75, Issue 3 (June 2017)
Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion is common in infants. Due to the weakened immune system of newborns and the risk of blood transfusion complications, it is necessary to pay more attention following or after to blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of blood transfusions in hospitalized neonates.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 1106 infants admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Mustafa Khomeini University Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from spring 2009 to 2012. Frequency and the reason for of blood components transfusion including fresh frozen plasma, platelets, whole blood, packed red blood cells, cryoprecipitate and relationship with gestational age, sex, birth weight, Apgar score, duration of hospitalization, use of mechanical ventilation were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistical software, version 16 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and statistical test, chi-square test, independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: Among 1106 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, 221 infants (%19.98) received blood products. 82 of all (37%) were female and 139 (%63) were female. 113 (51%) of neonate were preterm and 108 (48%) were term. From 361 times of blood transfusions, 121 infant (54.75%) received at least one blood product. The frequency of blood transfusion was between 39 and 1 times, with an average of 3.65 times per infant. Frequency of fresh frozen plasma infusion was 173 (47.9%), packed cell 122 (33%), platelet 32 (8.8%), cryoprecipitate 20 (5.1%) and whole blood 3 unit (0.83%). The most common causes for fresh frozen plasma transfusion was replacement therapy 140 (80%), for packed cell, to correct symptomatic anemia 68 (55.6%), for platelet transfusions was to prevent bleeding in  neonates with thrombocytopenia 20 (62.5%) and cryoprecipitate for bleeding caused by DIC in 18 infant (90%). There was significant relation between frequency of blood transfusions with gestational age (P=0.002), birth weight (P=0.01), cause of hospitalization (P=0.001) using of ventilator (P=0.002), and length of hospital stay (P=0.001).

Conclusion: With attention to the guidelines of blood transfusions and controlling factors affecting premature birth and low weight infants, reducing length of hospital stay and duration of mechanical ventilation, frequency and complications of blood transfusion can be effectively decreased.


Relationship between LncRNA THRIL expression controlling TNF-alpha pathway in glioblastoma cell line under temozolomide treatment
Leila Hassani , Golnaz Asaadi Tehrani , Sina Mirza Ahmadi ,
Volume 76, Issue 7 (October 2018)
Abstract
Background: Glioma is one of the most common and deadliest primary malignant tumors in the brain. A large part of the gene expression products are non-coding protein RNA. LncRNA THRIL gene is an antisense LncRNA and one of the most important mediators of the NF-KB signaling pathway, that express in many tissues of the body, including the central nerve system (CNS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the alternation in the expression of LncRNA THRIL gene in cells of the adenocarcinoma glioblastoma T98G cell line, under treatment with temozolomide chemotherapy drug.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Research Center of Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Iran, from April to September 2017. Cells of T98G cell line was treated with various doses of temozolomide chemotherapy drug (25-50-100 μM) and at different times (72-48-48 hours), Respectively RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. Then LncRNA THRIL gene expression was studied by real-time PCR method and the results were analyzed by relative quantitative and livak methods.
Results: The THRIL gene expression in 24 hours’ time with 25 and 100 μM doses (P< 0.001) had significant decreased expression and 50 μM dose had non-significant increase. It had significant increase in 48 hours time with 50 μM dose (P< 0.001), except 25 μM (P< 0.001) and 100 μM (P< 0.001) doses had significant decreased expression. It had significant increase during 72 hours time with 50 μM dose (P< 0.001), in contrast 25 μM (P> 0.001) and 100 μM (P< 0.001) concentrations of temozolomide chemotherapy drug demonstrated decreased expression of the LncRNA THRIL gene (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: As a result, the THRIL gene expression alterations after cancer cells treatment by temozolomide chemotherapy drug depends on the time and dose of the drug and the 48 hours treatment time with 50 μM dose (P< 0.001) had the highest effect on cancer cells of the T98G cell line, due to the expression of the THRIL gene.

Perceived challenges of the schools iron aid national plan from stakeholder perspectives
Ali Alami , Fatemeh Zarei , Hadi Tehrani , Zahra Hosseini , Alireza Jafari ,
Volume 77, Issue 4 (July 2019)
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency in the body is the main cause of anemia, and iron supplementation is probably the best option for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women and young children. This study aimed to explain the challenges of national iron supplementation in female school’s base on the perspective of the stakeholders.
Methods: This study was a qualitative study of content analysis. The data of this study were conducted by focus group discussion, semi-deep interviews with the participation of the target community of students, parents of students, school principals and school health instructors, general manager of the Office of Community Nutrition (Department of Education) includes manager, deputy and school health officer, from October 2016 to January 2017 in city of Gonabad, Iran. Participants were selected through targeted sampling and data collection continued to saturation. Data were analyzed using contractual content analysis method based on five steps of Graneheim and Lundman. Data management was done with NVivo software, version 11 (QSR International, Victoria, Australia), but data analysis and interpretation were done manually.
Results: The findings from group discussions and semi-deep interviews with stakeholders were categorized into twelve themes. The main strength, perceived in "Perceived Individual Benefits" and "Perceived Executive or Management Benefits". The main perceived weakness was "Physical Disadvantages", "Tablets Disadvantages", "Disadvantages of Programming" and "Disadvantages of the Program". The main perceived barriers was "Educational and Information Barriers", "Barriers of Pill Consumption" and "Management and Administrative Barriers". "Modifying the Executive Program", "Individual Perception Modification" and "Reform the Shape of Pills" were suggested as a corrective mechanism from participants’ view point.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the most important challenges of the "Schools Iron Aid National Plan" were "Educational and Information Barriers", "Administrative barriers", and "Barriers to Pill Consumption". Therefore, in order to do better, the Iron Supplementation Program requires intervention at individual, interpersonal, inter-organizational, and intra-organizational levels to provide comprehensive support for the program and, ultimately, increase program productivity.

Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections: adopted IWGDF guidline
Mohammad Reza Amini , Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani, Neda Mehrdad, Mahnaz Sanjari, Maryam Aalaa, Neda Alijani,
Volume 79, Issue 2 (May 2021)
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot infection is the most common complication of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) leading to amputation. The treatment requires special attention to disease conditions, proper diagnosis, appropriate sampling for cultures, careful selection of antibiotics, rapid determination of the patient’s need for surgical intervention, and wound care. Clearly a systematic approach or, if possible, an evidence-based approach by using clinical guidelines about diabetic foot infections will lead to better outcomes. In this regard, this article aims to adopt the IWGDF clinical practice guideline on DFU infection.
Methods: In this study, the adoption of the international evidence-based clinical guidelines on the DFU infection was carried out using the ADAPTE methodology, which involved three stages of setup, adoption, and finalization. AGREE II tool was used to evaluate the quality of the selected clinical guideline.
Results: The results of this adopted clinical guideline according to the national facilities and access to equipment are described with 26 recommendations along with related reasons for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcer infections. The recommendation categorized into six different categories including Classification/ Diagnosis, Osteomyelitis, Assessing severity, Microbiological considerations, Surgical treatment, Antimicrobial therapy.
Conclusion: The mentioned recommendations in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcer infections extracted based on the methodology of systematic review studies. Actually the opinion of experts have been prepared and adjusted according to the limitations, equipment and facilities in the country. But in general, there are some challenges in diabetic foot infections should be considered as well. So monitoring the treatment of infection, optimal duration of antibiotic treatment, optimal treatment of infection in low-income countries, time and type of imaging studies, selection of medical or surgical treatments and hospitalization conditions are some of these challenges. However the definition and practical clinical application for the concept of bacterial bioburden of the wound for wound healing, evaluating the cost-effectiveness of new technologies in improving treatment and appropriate interpretation of microbiological (genotypic) microbiological tests are important too.

Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of RMI and ROMA indices in comparison to HE4 and CA125 parameters for estimating the risk of malignancy of adnexal masses.
Afsaneh Tehranian, Akram Ghahghaei-Nezamabadi, Nasim Yarmohammadi, Maryam Ganjeh, Khadije Maajaani, Reihaneh Aghajani,
Volume 79, Issue 3 (june 2021)
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cancer-related cause of death in women worldwide and is often diagnosed at advanced stages. Regarding the low sensitivity and specificity of the currently available diagnostic techniques, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of RMI and ROMA indexes and comparing these two indexes with CA-125 and HE4 parameters for the diagnosis and differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Also, we determined the optimal cut-off level of these markers in patients who attended Arash Women’s Hospital.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 137 women with ovarian mass who were attended the gynecology clinic of Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran, Iran (April 2017-April 2019), and were eligible according to the inclusion criteria. We included patients with an adnexal mass over 3 cm. Our exclusion criteria were as the following: pregnancy, age under 18 and over 90 years, taking hormonal agents, renal failure, suspected ovarian torsion, ovarian cancer and taking antibiotics, nitric oxide compounds, and heavy metals. Based on serum CA125, HE4, and ultrasound findings, ROMA and RMI indexes were determined for each patient, and the sensitivity and specificity of HE4, RMI, ROMA, and CA125 were compared with the result of the operative histopathologic assessment.
Results: According to the area under the ROC curve, regardless of the patients' menopausal status, the highest diagnostic value was dedicated to RMI with 89% under the curve area and 95% confidence interval (81.6-96.4%). Diagnostic values of other markers were as the following: 87.7%(95%CI=80.3-95%) for HE4, 87.3(95%CI=79.1-95.4%) for CA125, and 86.2%(95%CI=78.7-93.6%) for ROMA. In terms of menopausal status, HE4 had the highest diagnostic value in premenopausal patients, while in the menopausal group CA125 had the highest diagnostic value.
Conclusion: Measurement of HE4 before menopause and CA125 during menopause seems to be helpful in the early detection of ovarian cancers in women with ovarian masses.

Evaluation of demographic information and consequences of in vitro fertilization in pregnant women in 2019-2020
Elham Naghshineh, Minoo Movahedi , Hatav Tehrani , Maryam Hajhashemi , Ferdows Mehrabian, Fatemeh Jahani, Fedyeh Haghollahi,
Volume 79, Issue 12 (March 2022)
Abstract
Background: Assisted reproductive techniques have increased the chances of pregnancy for couples looking for a way to treat their infertility. To increase the effectiveness of these methods, studies are needed to identify the determinants of a successful pregnancy with these techniques.
Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional retrospective study that was performed on 253 couples who were referred for infertility treatment to the infertility clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan from April 2019 to March 2020 to evaluate the results of pregnancy in vitro fertilization. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from patient records were collected and entered into checklists.
Results: Out of 253 couples, eighty-five (33.6%) became pregnant by IVF. The mean age of women with successful pregnancies was 33.96±5.2 years and in the unsuccessful pregnancies was 35.84±5.07 years. The results of this study showed that women who had a successful pregnancy after IVF were significantly younger than women who did not have a successful pregnancy (P=0.006). In the classification of patients into two groups of positive and negative pregnancies, younger age, adequate vitamin D levels, and higher sperm motility were the determinants of pregnancy in the first period of fertilization (Fresh protocol). Also, the existence of a failed history of infertility treatment in couples has been introduced as a negative factor for IVF fertility. 13(15.9%) abortions occurred and 11(12.9%) infants who were born with this method needed intensive care.
Conclusion: Lower age at the time of fertilization, higher vitamin D levels, and more active sperms were found to have important and prognostic roles in the success of pregnancy by in vitro fertilization technique.
The results of the present study showed that, Increased unsuccessful treatment has been associated with the history of failed treatment. Therefore, to respond to the relationship between previous infertility treatments and success in subsequent pregnancies in the IVF process, It is recommended to conduct studies with larger sample size and at a higher time efficiency.

The success of simultaneous balloon dacryoplasty and stenting in failed congenital nasolacrimal duct intubations and its indications
Mansooreh Jamshidian Tehrani , Haniyeh Zeidabadinejad, Fereshteh Tayebi, Mohammad Reza Khalili, Bita Momenaei ,
Volume 80, Issue 12 (March 2023)
Abstract
Background: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is one of the most prevalent orbital diseases in children and treatment of recalcitrant cases is always challenging. The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of balloon dacryoplasty and stenting in persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction following previous intubation of nasolacrimal duct.
Methods: Our study was an interventional study from January 2015 to January 2018 on 16 lacrimal systems of 11 patients (5 males and 6 females) with congenital obstruction of the lacrimal duct (CNLDO) and a history of unsuccessful probing and stenting, in Farabi Hospital of Tehran (affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences). Children who presented to our hospital and had previously been probed with or without intubation by another surgeon first underwent reprobing and re-intubation with a Crawford tube. Endoscopy of the nasolacrimal system was performed in suspected cases of false stent passage or in the presence of a history indicating nasal pathology. Crawford's Monoka tube was removed after two months. Balloon dacryoplasty with intubation was performed as the third surgery in cases who did not respond to probing and stenting after 3-6 months. The success after six months was evaluated using fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) and also the resolution of the patients' symptoms.

Results: The age of the patients was 67±35.01 months (range: 26-121). The site of the canalicular stenosis in our patients was in the common canaliculi or within 2-3 mm from it. After 6 months, surgery was successfully performed in 13 lacrimal systems (81.25%). One patient with congenital lacrimal duct obstruction and Down syndrome and two other patients did not respond to balloon dacryoplasty and stenting and subsequently underwent dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).
Conclusion: Balloon dacryoplasty combined with Monocrawford intubation is an effective surgical procedure that should be considered in cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction who have not responded to the probing and stenting of the lacrimal system.

 

A systematic review on the effect of brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer
Mostafa Kazemi , Mohammad Hossain Dadkhah Tehrani , Ali Asghar Khaleghi, Masoud Mohammadi ,
Volume 81, Issue 9 (December 2023)
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, which is associated with a high prevalence, especially in the elderly male population. Treatment options for non-metastatic prostate cancer usually include active surveillance, radiotherapy and surgery, so the aim of the present study is a systematic review of brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Methods: The study conducted is a systematic review article in which a review of the treatment of prostate cancer with brachytherapy has been done. The information used is taken from articles published in Persian and English in Google scholar, SID and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2022. The selected keywords in this article included Brachy therapy, Prostate cancer, Radio therapy, Prostate neoplasms, High dose rate, Low dose rate and External beam radio therapy. Selection of studies was done according to PRISMA guidelines.
Results: Brachytherapy can be classified into 2 types of permanent implantation and temporary implantation based on the length of the treatment period. In permanent brachytherapy implants for prostate cancer, iodine (125I) or palladium (103Pd) are used as radioactive sources for low dose rate cases and for high dose rate brachytherapy. Iridium (192Ir) is used. Brachytherapy is usually used in two ways, either as a monotherapy in which LDR and HDR are used to treat some low-risk patients, or as a booster treatment after other treatments such as EBRT, which here may be part of the treatment process before, after, or during treatment. In contrast to brachytherapy alone, brachytherapy plus EBRT is an appropriate approach in patients with intermediate-risk and high-risk disease. In high-risk patients, the combined use of EBRT and HDR-BT can lead to better results than EBRT alone. Brachytherapy treatment is not suitable for every disease.
Conclusion: One of the main advantages of this treatment method is the ability to administer a high dose of radiation while minimizing radiation exposure to adjacent healthy organs. Since optimal dose distribution occurs in the treatment, quality treatment can be ensured. The results obtained from both forms of brachytherapy are generally suitable and comparable to other treatment methods with fewer side effects.

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