Showing 31 results for Rezai
Mirhendi Sh, Adin H, Shidfar Mr, Kordbacheh P, Hashemi Sj, Moazeni M, Hosseinpur L, Rezaie Matehkolaie A,
Volume 66, Issue 9 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: The clinical importance of yeast infections has increased in recent decades. There are 10-15 pathogenic Candida species. The current morphological and physiological methods for identification of Candida species are generally not easy to interpret and may be expensive or time-consuming. In the present study, we introduce and use a new approach for the identification and differentiation of medically important yeast species of Candida. In this method, size polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer regions, ITS1 and ITS2, of the ribosomal DNA in various Candida species is used as the basis of species recognition.
Methods: The genomic DNA of 31 standard strains and 60 clinical isolates was extracted and PCR-amplified using two primer pairs (ITS1-ITS2 and ITS3-ITS4) separately. Both PCR products were mixed and analyzed after standard agarose gel electrophoresis. The species of the tested yeasts were identified by the electrophoretic patterns of the mixed PCR products of each sample, comparing the data obtained from the sequence analyses of ITS1 and ITS2 molecules.
Results: By this method, with the exception of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, we were able to clearly differentiate nearly all common pathogenic Candida species, including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. gulliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. kefyr, C. lusinaniae and C. rugosa. All standard and clinical strains were identified correctly, without expensive methods such as sequencing and capillary electrophoresis.
Conclusion: It seems that the PCR-FSP method introduced in this study is the easiest molecular approach for the identification of a wide range of pathogenic Candida species and is applicable for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes in reference laboratories.
Bitara Ma, Azar M, Miri Sm, Sheikhrezai A, Alikhani M, Allahverdi M, Sharif Tabrizi A, Tayebi Meybodi A,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (5 2010)
Abstract
Background: Meningiomas are among the most common tumors of the brain. Skull base meningiomas comprise s major part of brain meningiomas. They are difficult to treat because of proximity to major vital neuro-vascular structures which makes their surgical resection hazardous and fraught with a high rate of complications. Radiosurgery is considered as an alternative efficient way to treat them, which targets the tumor and its supplying vasculature. The standard treatment consists of tumor eradication and its supplying vessels through homogeneous dose of 201 rays of cobalt
60 source.
Methods: In a case-series study, we report 230 meningiomas referred to Iraninan Gamma Knife Center, treated by radiosurgery with type C Gamma Knife. Radio-surgery was performed at a mean dose of 15 Gy and 50% isodose.
Results: Two hundred and thirty of all meningioma cases refered to our institute were skull base lesions. Eighty (35%) were new case and the rest were previously treated microsurgically one or more times. None of the patients died after treatment and the most common post-operative complications were headache (30 patients) and peri- tumoral edema (12 patients).
Conclusion: Tumoral control is defined as reduced tumor volume or as no change in tumor volume. Tumor control was achieved in 218 (95%) patients. In those who were not treated microsurgically, clinical improvement was more pronounced. Thus when suitable (favorable tumor size and absence of progressive mass effect signs) the patients could be primarily treated with Gamma knife. Other patients could be managed complementarily with radiosurgery after they are treated surgically.
Faghihloo E, Rezaie F, Salimi V, Naseri M, Mamishi S, Mahmoodi M, Mokhtari-Azad T,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (5 2010)
Abstract
Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most important viral agent of acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. This virus is responsible for 50% brochiolitis and 25% pneumonia in infants. There are limited data of molecular epidemiology of HRSV from developing countries. This is the report on the molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in Iran. Methods: In this study, RT-PCR for second hypervariable region of the HRSV G glycoprotein was performed on 72 throat swabs collected from children less than 5 years of age with acute respiratory symptoms in 1386.
Results: Of the 72 throat swabs collected from children with acute respiratory symptoms, 14 (19.44%) were positive for HRSV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all HRSV-positive samples clustered in three genotypes of subgroup A: 12 strains (85/71%) in genotype GA2, 1 strain (7/1%) in genotype GA1, and 1 strain (7/1%) in genotype GA5. In this study we couldn’t identify any genotype of subgroup B.
Conclusion: Our results revealed that multiple genotypes of subgroup A were co- circulated during 1386 in children less than 5 years of age in Iran. Also this study revealed that genotype GA2 was predominant genotype in isolates were obtained from several cities (Tehran, Isfahan, Karaj, Qazvin, Bandar Abbas, Shahreza), so we speculate that this genotype may be predominant during 1386 in Iran. This study supported that RT-PCR for second variable region of G protein is an effective method for further studies of HRSV genotype designation in Iran.
Rezaie A, Mosavi Gh, Ahmadizadeh Ch, Jafari B,
Volume 69, Issue 3 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Rosa damascene has a special role in the Iranian traditional medicine due to its sedative, anticonvulsant and analgesic effects. Regarding its alkaloid, flavonoid and other organic compounds, this plant has always been used to reduce nervousness and treat depression and chronic insomnia. In the present time, synthetic drugs with sedative and anxiolytic properties are used for such problems but due to their side- effects and economic issues, the significance of natural medicines with fewer side- effects is of interest. Considering the importance of sedative and anxiolytic effects of Rosa damascene, we decided to compare this plant with synthetic drugs of the same properties.
Methods: Two different groups of male Wistar rats received either Rosa damascene extract in doses of 150, 300, 450 mg/kg or Diazepam and dimethyl sulphoxide in doses of 1.2 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes before assessing the sleep duration, sedation and preanesthetic effects induced by intraperitoneal ketamine, 40 mg/kg. The anti- anxiety effect was evaluated by using an elevated plus maze and a rota rod.
Results: The results showed a meaningful increase in the period of sleep induced by Ketamine (P≤0.01) and also a meaningful increase in time spent at the open arms of the device in the group receiving Rosa damascene extract (P≤0.01).
Conclusion: The results showed that the Rosa damascene extract dose 450mg/kg has sedative, preanesthetic and anxiolytic effects (P≤0.01).
Mousavi Gh, Mohajeri D, Rezaie A, Valilu M, Alimohamadi A,
Volume 70, Issue 2 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: Bone remodeling has always been the goal of surgeons for a long time. Recently, it was shown that statins that are commonly prescribed for lowering cholesterol also have beneficial effects on bone healing. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the probable effects of atorvastatin on osteogenesis in the rat femur.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 30 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The animals were divided randomly into one control and two experiment groups. After induction of anesthesia, a hole of 2 mm in diameter was made in femur width. The control group received physiological serum but the experiment groups one and two, respectively, received 10 and 20 mg/kg/PO of atorvastatin on daily basis. After euthanizing the rats, histopathological and histomorphometrical evaluations of the bones were performed 45 days after the intervention.
Results: In the control group, the defects seemed to be filled with woven bone and bone marrow, depictive of a poor osteogenic activity. In the experiment groups, many osteoblast groupings and young bone trabeculae had been formed and bone trabeculae were more organized. Histomorphometric results, showed that atorvastatin had significantly promoted bone healing in the experiment groups compared with the controls (P<0.001). Moreover, the analysis showed that atorvastatin had more significant effects in group three receiving high doses of the medication in comparison with group two (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that atorvastatin is capable of stimulating osteogenesis in rats.
Montakhab Yegane H, Babaahmadi Rezaiy H, Doosti M,
Volume 70, Issue 5 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Several dietary factors are involved
in cardiovascular coronary heart diseases, including trans fatty acids, which are generally formed during hydrogenation of vegetable oils, a process that causes conversion of liquid oils into semisolid fats. Nowadays, it is well-known that trans fatty acids form a major risk factor in the occurrence
and progression of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, it has been identified that some nuclear receptors, such as PPARs,are involved and play important roles in lipid homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we studied the effect of elaidic acid on
gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ).
Methods: Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were treated by 0.5, 1, and 2 mM concentrations of elaidic acid for 6 h.
The control group was treated by 50% ethanol (as solvent), equivalent to the amount of ethanol used in 2 mM concentration of elaidic acid.
Later, the total RNA was extracted and its cDNA was synthesized. Finally, the quantity of PPARγ gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.
Results: Overall,0.5, 1, and 2 mM
concentrations of elaidic acid decreased PPARγ gene expression in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line by -1.36, -1.68, and -3.24 folds compared with the control group, respectively.
Conclusion: By decreasing the expression of nuclear receptor PPARγ, elaidic acid causes, intensifies or
accelerates the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis.This finding shows the importance of reducing the consumption of elaidic acid
containing foods.
Zahra Rezai , Seydeh Sareh Heydari Bazardehi , Azizeh Ghasemi Nezhad , Amir Saeid Sadeghi , Batool Ghorbani Yekta ,
Volume 71, Issue 11 (February 2014)
Abstract
Background: To compare the success rate and side effects of letrozole and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone for medical termination of early pregnancy.
Methods: The patients requesting termination of pregnancy up to 63 days of gestation were randomized into two groups. The letrozole group received letrozole 10 mg daily for 3 days followed by 800 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol, while the placebo group received placebo for 3 days followed by the same dosage of misoprostol. The complete abortion rate and the side effects profiles of the two groups were compared. The primary outcome measure was the abortion rate.
Results: A total of 214 women were recruited. Overal complete abortion rate was 81.3%, complete abortion rate in the letrozole group was not significantly higher than that of the placebo group (84.1% compared 78.5%). After receiving 800 mcg misoprostol, 37 case (17.3%) had complete abortion that 13 cases (12%) of the misoprostol group and 24 patients (22.5%) of the cominabtion group and after receiving 1600 mcg, misoprostol, in 137 cases (77.4%) had complete abortion that 71 patients (75.5%) of the misoprostol group and 66 cases (79.5%) was obtained for the combination group. This difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). D & C in 40 cases (18.7%) reported that was not significantly different in the two groups, 17 cases (15.9 %) in the combination group versus 23 (21.5%) in the misoprostol group. Side effects such as fever, tachycardia, diarrhea and pain were similar in the two groups there were not significantly fewer women complaining of side effects in the letrozole group than those in the placebo group (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Combination of letrozole and misoprostol is as effective as misoprostol alone in complete abortion rate. Based on these results, the use of misoprostol in combination with letrozole is safe and not expensive.
Narges Sadat Taherzadeh , Farideh Zaini , Roshanak Daie Ghazvini , Sasan Rezaie , Mahmoud Mahmoudi , Maliheh Kadivar , Fatemeh Sadat Nayeri , Mahin Safara , Parivash Kordbacheh ,
Volume 73, Issue 11 (February 2016)
Abstract
Background: Over the last two decades invasive candidiasis has become an increasing problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Colonization of skin and mucous membranes with Candida spp. is important factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal infection and several colonized sites are major risk factors evoking higher frequencies of progression to invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to detect Candida colonization in NICU patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 neonates in NICUs at Imam Khomeini and Children Medical Center Hospitals in Tehran. Cutaneous and mucous membrane samples obtained at first, third, and seventh days of patients’ stay in NICUs during nine months from August 2013 to May 2014. The samples were primarily cultured on CHROMagar Candida medium. The cultured media were incubated at 35°C for 48h and evaluated based on colony color produced on CHROMagar Candida. In addition, isolated colonies were cultured on Corn Meal Agar medium supplemented with tween 80 for identification of Candida spp. based on their morphology. Finally, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was performed for definite identification of isolated species.
Results: Colonization by Candida spp. was occurred in 20.43% of neonates. Fifteen and four patients colonized with one and two different Candida spp., respectively. Isolated Candida spp. identified as; C. parapsilosis (n: 10), C. albicans (n: 7), C. tropicalis (n: 3), C. guilliermondii (n: 2), and C. krusei (n: 1). In present study non-albicans Candia species were dominant (69.56%) and C. parapsilosis was the most frequent isolate (43.47%). Using Fisher's exact test, the correlation between fungal colonization with low birth weight, low gestational age, and duration of hospital stay was found to be statistically significant (P=0.003).
Conclusion: The results of this study imply to the candida species colonization of neonates. Neonates in NICU are at the highest risk for severe infection with Candida parapsilosis. Therefore, isolation of C. parapsilosis as the most common species (43.47%) in present study was noteworthy.
Leeba Rezaie, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Hamid Reza Khankeh, Mehdi Rassafiani, Jalal Shakeri, Habibolah Khazaie,
Volume 73, Issue 11 (February 2016)
Abstract
Background: Self-immolation is a common method for suicide among women in developing countries. Culture is considered as an influential factor for attempting suicide by selfimmolation. Better understanding of the influence of culture will be useful to develop specific prevention strategies. Therefore, the study aimed to explore how the culture can influence on
attempting suicide by self-immolation among women.
Methods: The study was performed by a qualitative approach using directed content analysis in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, 2011- 2013. Our participants were selected purposefully among patients who attempted suicide by self-immolation (n= 9), their relatives (n= 6), and treatment staff (n= 6). We used semi-structure interview
for data gathering. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. Then, transcribed interview was analyzed by constant comparison.
Results: The main extracted theme was self-immolation sub-culture. Two main categories and 6 sub- categories were also emerged that explored the effect of culture on attempting suicide by self-immolation. The main categories were cultural restriction, and cultural acceptation. Marriage- divorced related traditions, living in extended family, and cultural
conversations and cultural meanings of self-immolation were among extracted subcategories. The category of cultural restriction described the role of culture in the occurrence of family conflicts as a predictor of attempting suicide by self-immolation, and cultural acceptation, the second category, explained how self-immolation is accepted as a
method of choice of suicide in the understudied culture.
Conclusion: Our finding showed that subculture of self-immolation provides influential conditions for attempting suicide by self-immolation. According to the findings, cultural restriction may facilitate conditions to occurrence of attempting self-immolation, and cultural acceptance provides conditions to perdurability of self-immolation as a method of
suicide. Considering these conditions is recommended in designing prevention programs.
Hoda Rezaie , Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Mohammad Mehdi Bagheri ,
Volume 75, Issue 6 (September 2017)
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes is increasing among pregnant women. It is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal diabetes control (based on HbA1c) on their hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in newborns.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 60 neonates born in Afzalipour Hospital (Kerman University of Medical Sciences) from May to November 2014 in two groups of eligible infants using the convenience sampling method. Information about the age, sex, weight, gestational age, maternal age, obstetric history, gestational diabetes through the checklist were collected. Then Doppler echocardiography, M- Mode, Doppler tissue was conducted on two groups. Echocardiographic criteria including ventricular septal thickness and blood HbA1c mothers in both groups were compared. To compare quantitative and qualitative variables between the two groups’ Independent samples t‐test and Chi-square test was used. A significant level of 0.05 was considered in all of the statistical samples and SPSS software, ver. 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to analyze the data.
Results: In this study, the birth weight of infants and the age of mothers did not differ between two groups (Respectively P=0.56, P=0.08) However, HbA1c was significantly higher in the infants of mothers with impaired glucose tolerance test (GTT) (P<0.001). In infants of mothers with impaired GTT, ventricular septal thickness was significantly higher than the healthy controls (P=0.03), Also there was a significant difference between two groups in tissue Doppler criteria (Ea) (P=0.04), In other echocardiographic criteria, no significant differences were reported (The LA/AO, LVPWT, LVEF, LVEF, LVFS, LVFS, LVEDd, LVESd, Sa and Aa, All P-values were ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus of mothers causes several complications in their infants. The prevalence of cardiomyopathy hypertrophy is higher in babies whose mothers have higher levels of HbA1c and a sign of poor control of blodd glucose level during pregnancy. |
Nahid Arefi Lisar , Parivash Kordbacheh , Sasan Rezaie , Mahin Safara , Roshanak Daie Ghazvini , Heidar Bakhshi , Zahra Omidvar Jalali ,
Volume 75, Issue 12 (March 2018)
Abstract
Background: Vaginal candidiasis is common in during pregnancy. It may lead to complications like abortions, premature birth, low birth weight, chorioamnionitis and fungal systemic neonatal infection. The aim of present study was identification of Candida species by mycological and molecular methods in pregnant women with vaginal candidiasis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis referred to Shahid Noorani Talesh Hospital, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from April to December 2015 (8 months). All specimens were examined by direct microscopy and culture on CHROMagar Candida medium for isolation and differentiation of major clinical-significant Candida species (spp.). Cultured media were incubated at 35 °C for 48 hours and evaluated based on color and number of grown colonies. If no growth was observed, the media were incubated for several additional days. Subcultures were done on Sabouraud dextrose agar (Merck, Germany) and Corn meal agar with Tween 80 media (Micromedia, Hungary) for further study. Identification of Candida spp. carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.
Results: In this study, vulvovaginal candidiasis was observed in 20 (25%) patients. Twenty-two isolates were obtained from culture of specimens on CHROMagar Candida medium (Paris, France). The most common isolated species was Candida albicans 16 (72.8%) and followed by Candida glabrata 5 (22.7%), Candida tropicalis 3 (13.6%) and Candida krusei 1 (4.5%) cases. Two patients had mixed infection with 2 different Candida species (C. albicans and C. glabrata) While using PCR-RFLP method, the Candida species were identified as 13 (59.1%) Candida albicans, 5 (22.7%) Candida glabra, 3 (13.6%) Candida tropicalis and 1 (4.5%) Candida krusei cases, respectively. In direct examination were seen yeast budding cells and pseudohyphae in 8 culture positive specimens. In the present study, results of conventional mycological method in differentiation of Candida spp. were consistent with molecular results in 80% of cases. There was also significant correlation between vulvovaginal candidiasis with clinical symptoms (P<0.0001), including diabetes mellitus (P<0.014), and taking antibacterial drugs (P<0.003) in pregnant women.
Conclusion: PCR-RFLP was able to identify correctly the Candida spp. as a complementary method.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal , Mona Moshiri, Abbas Mirshafiey, Masoumeh Douraghi , Farhad Rezaie, Mehrdad Gholami ,
Volume 76, Issue 11 (February 2019)
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are living organisms that are beneficial for human health. Lactobacillus species has been considered as probiotic bacteria due to their adjustment of human immune responses and therapeutic effects in inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus probiotic strains on toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) expression in HT29 cell line (a human colon cancer cell line) infected with S. enteritidis.
Methods: This experimental study was done in Food Microbiology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from March 2016 to February 2017. In this study, two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus PTCC 1643 and Lactobacillus casei PTCC 1608 were used. HT29 cells were cultured in RPMI medium containing fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Then, the cells were treated with the Lactobacillus strains, after or before challenge with S. enteritidis. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the capacity of probiotic lactobacilli to modulate TLR2 and TLR4 expression on treated and un-treated HT29 cells were assessed quantitatively using Real-time polymerase chain reaction technique with specific primers.
Results: Our findings indicated that after treatment of non-infected HT29 cells, with both the probiotics, the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 genes significantly increased. In contrast, the expression of these two genes in HT29 cells which were infected with S. Enteritidis was significantly reduced before and after treatment with each one of the probiotic bacteria. The anti-inflammatory effect of probiotic lactobacilli on S. enteritidis were confirmed in tests. This study showed that L. acidophilus and L. casei play a major role in boosting the innate immune responses, the TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels also decreased, pre and post-infection with S. enteritidis.
Conclusion: According to the results, both Lactobacillus strains have remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in pathogenicity of S. enteritidis, but L. acidophilus display greater anti-inflammatory activity than L. casei in this work. Additional in vivo and in vitro studies are required to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory effect.
Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan, Fares Najari, Bita Dadpour,
Volume 78, Issue 8 (November 2020)
Abstract
Background: Opioid poisoning is the most common type of poisoning in intensive care units (ICUs). This group usually includes patients who have been drug abusers for a long time and now require hospitalization either because of acute overdose or due to side effects of routine opioid use. This study aimed to compare the severity and prognosis of patients using common mortality predictors Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II, APACHE IV) on different days of hospitalization.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with opioid poisoning admitted to the ICU, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from the beginning of April 2016 to March 2017 (Persian Calendar). For all poisoned patients enrolled in the study, the four mortality predicting tools were filled daily in the first three days of hospitalization and then every other day until discharge from the ICU or patient's death.
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Results: Overall, 57 patients were evaluated of whom 72% (41 patients) were male. The mean age was 49.9±19.8 (median 53, range 18-94) years. The mean length of stay in the ICU was 13.5±17.5 (median 7, range: 75-75) days. The mortality rate was 17.5% (10 patients). The scores of SOFA, SAPS II, APACHE II, and APACHE IV were significantly higher in deceased patients than in discharged ones. The highest diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve) for all four predicting tools was observed in the second week of hospitalization. On the other hand, SAPS II (74%) on the first day, APACHE-II (76%) on the second day, APACHE-II (82%) on the third day, SOFA (77%) on day 4-5, and SAPS II (82%) on day 6-7 had the highest diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusion: In the present study scores of all four mortality predicting tools at admission were significantly associated with mortality. The accuracy of SAPS II, APACHE IV, and APACHE II are appropriate for estimating prognosis, especially after the second week of admission.
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Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi , Maryam Nazm Bojnordi , Nourrelah Rezaie, Mojtaba Hajihoseini, Ali Delbari ,
Volume 79, Issue 1 (April 2021)
Abstract
Background: Understanding hand structures is necessary to diagnose its diseases and injuries. Several methods have been used to teach the anatomy of this body part. In this article, we introduce a new educational tool and examine the impact of its use in learning anatomy.
Methods: Color images of different layers of hand structures were connected with a spring. On each page, the desired structure was cut and that part could be turned from another direction so that the tool was beyond a booklet and could create a three-dimensional image of the region. In this way, a multi-layered structure was made that looking at each part of it and going to the next part was equivalent to removing a layer from the palm of the hand and observing the layer beneath. After making the educational tool, 280 students who participated in the study were divided into two groups: control (A) and experimental (B). Both groups participated in a pre-test. After teaching the theory of hand anatomy for both groups, the control group received practical training using the traditional method and the experimental group using the proposed educational tool, and both groups participated in a post-test and the scores of the pre and post-test groups were compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 statistical software using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.
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Results: The pre-test scores of groups A and B were 3.48±1.197 and 3.49±1.481, respectively. The post-test scores of groups A and B were 6.97±1.504 and 10.54±1.303, respectively. Therefore, although the pre-test scores of groups A and B were not much different (P>0.05), the post-test scores of the two groups showed a significant difference (P<0.001). Students also expressed that using this educational tool has made learning hand anatomy more interesting for them.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the proposed educational tool is effective in the field of hand anatomy education.
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Alireza Rezaie, Narges Gholami, Leila Bazhdan, Maryam Haghighi Morad , Narjes Jaafari,
Volume 80, Issue 3 (June 2022)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is a non-invasive diagnosis of increasing the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid in patients involved in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) that is done with transbulbar sonography.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study all the non-toxic children under 18 who were referred to the neurology clinic of Loghman Hospital of Tehran from October 2017 to October 2018 with increased intracerebral pressure symptoms were studied. The increased intracerebral pressure symptoms were headache or vomiting or blurred vision or 6th nerve palsy and they had papillary edema. Also, if their diagnostic brain imaging measures were normal such as: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography scan (CT scan) and in some cases Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV), they were suspected to Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and were entered into the study consecutively. Their complete medical history and comorbidities and biographical information were recorded in the file. All patients were candidates for a lumbar puncture to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure. After full explanation to the parents and obtaining written consent from them before performing a lumbar puncture, patients in coordination with the ultrasound unit without delay in performing a lumbar puncture, first underwent trans orbital ultrasound in supine position and were awakened with closed eyes. Opticians were implanted in both eyes by a skilled sonographer. And then sedated with sedatives (ketamine or midazolam) prescribed by an anesthesiologist. It was placed in a sterile position in a supine semi-flexion position and with lateral decubitus aligned with the body. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure to cm of water was recorded using a serum set in the lumber intervertebral space 4-5. Then a sample was sent for analysis and smear.
Results: Out of 10 patients (age 2.5–14 year, mean 9 years) 10% were girls, 90% were boys, and mean BMI was 22.5 kg/m2. Their symptoms included: 80% Headache, 40% Vomiting, 40% Diplopia, 20% Blurred vision, 10% 6th nerve palsy, and 10% Tinnitus when being reffered. In All patients, CSF pressure was more than 25 cm H2o (mean 40 cm H2o), right and left eyes optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was more than the cutoff point (ONSD≤4.5 mm), the mean right ONSD was 6.31 mm and left eye was 6.64 mm.
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Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the measuring of optic nerve sheath diameter in patients suspected of increasing the pressure of idiopathic intracranial hypertension can be helpful as a non–invasive diagnosis method.
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Mahroo Rezaieenejad , Fedyeh Haghollahi, Nasim Eshraghi, Hossein Gholamzadeh , Marjan Ghaemi, Zinat Ghanbari,
Volume 82, Issue 1 (April 2024)
Abstract
Background: Given the significance of patient care in obstetrics and gynecology, we aimed to assess the satisfaction of Tehran University of Medical Sciences residents with their training program in this field.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 77 obstetrics and gynecology residents from the first to fourth year at Tehran University of Medical Sciences participated with informed consent, adhering to ethical principles, from April to October 2023 across four teaching hospitals: Imam Khomeini, Shariati, Mohib Yas, and Arash.The researcher developed a questionnaire consisting of 62 online questions, including 15 demographic questions and 47 related to satisfaction. Most of the questions are statements with five response options: strongly agree, agree no opinion, disagree, and strongly disagree. Each criterion was assessed and classified on a scale from one to five. The assistants' satisfaction levels were assessed in various areas, yielding an overall score of 47-235. Scores above 70% indicate high satisfaction, 50-69% reflects average satisfaction, and below 50% signifies dissatisfaction. It's important to clarify that the areas include clinics, with specific focus on rotation shifts for assistants in gynecology, oncology, prenatal care, and infertility. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, Version 22. Descriptive statistics included the median and range for continuous variables (number of surgeries and satisfaction scores) and frequency and percentage for nominal variables (quality of satisfaction) across three defined levels of desirability: appropriate, relatively appropriate, and unfavorable.
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Results: Satisfaction with the number of surgeries and educational quality at Imam Khomeini Hospital was higher than at other hospitals (P=0.07). Significant differences were noted in the gynecology and pelvic surgery departments, with residents at both Imam Khomeini and Arash hospitals reporting greater satisfaction in gynecology (P=0.018) and pelvic surgery (P=0.036). Additionally, regarding the conference program and educational mornings, Shariati Hospital reported a higher level of satisfaction in this area (P=0.47).
Conclusion: The satisfaction scores in various areas indicate that 64.5% of assistants at Imam Khomeini Hospital rated their educational status as appropriate, while 60% at Arash Hospital rated it as relatively good, and 25% at Yas Hospital found it unfavorable.
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Fatemeh Najafi, Masoumeh Amiri Delui, Maryam Moradi , Parastoo Sarkhosh, Zahra Rezaian, Farnoosh Sharifymood, Fateme Kameli ,
Volume 82, Issue 1 (April 2024)
Abstract
Background: one of the most common and important complications of COVID-19 is cough. The present study was designed with the aim of comparing the effect of althaea officinalis and eucalyptus nebulizer on the severity of cough in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: in this randomized clinical trial, from January 2022 to June 2022, 36 patients with COVID-19 were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Next, the severity of cough was recorded two hours before the intervention based on the visual analogue (VAS) in both groups until the patient was admitted to the hospital, then, one cc aqueous extract of althaea officinalis with five cc Normal Saline for the althaea officinalis group and four cc aqueous extract eucalyptus whit five cc Normal Saline for the eucalyptus group, were nebulized once a day for 15 minutes. Two hours after the intervention, the intensity of cough was again recorded in two groups. This intervention continued until the hospitalization of the patients. No intervention was done for the control group. The data was analyzed with Spss software at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: In this study before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of cough intensity (p>0.05), but after the intervention on the second and third days, there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of cough intensity. The rate of reduction in cough severity in althaea officinalis group was higher than the other two groups (p<0.05). Also, the results of Friedman's test indicated that althaea officinalis and eucalyptus nebulizers incense improved the severity of cough in patients over time.
Conclusion: the use of althaea officinalis and eucalyptus nebulizer improved the severity of cough in patients with COVID-19, but althaea officinalis nebulizer had a greater effect on cough severity compared to eucalyptus. It is suggested to use althaea officinalis nebulizer as well as eucalyptus as a treatment method along with other treatment methods.
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Navid Kalani , Hasan Zabetian, Shahram Shafa, Erfaneh Alirezai, Fatemeh Eftekharian, Reza Sahraei ,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (July 2024)
Abstract
Background: Recently, epinephrine is used to increase the depth and duration of local anesthetic pain, and it is widely used topically to reduce local anesthetic release and reduce bleeding caused by surgery.
Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial on 30 patients aged 18 to 85 years undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery referred to Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom from September to December 2022. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups, A (epinephrine+fentanyl+bupivacaine) and B (bupivacaine+fentanyl). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, arterial blood oxygen saturation percentage, and pulse rate were measured and recorded before drug administration, before spinal anesthesia, after anesthesia, and then every half hour until the end of surgery (15, 45, 30, 60, 75, 90, 120) and during recovery. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 software and descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Friedman) at a significance level of P<0.05.
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Results: Thirty patients aged 18 to 85 years (in two groups of 15) with anesthesia class I and II undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery were evaluated. The study groups are matched in terms of age and gender variables. There was no significant difference in mean systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate before and after anesthesia, 15, 45, 30, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes after drug injection, and at entry and exit from recovery between the Epinephrine+Fentanyl+Bupivacaine and Fentanyl+Bupivacaine groups. There was a significant difference in mean O2SAT before anesthesia, 15, 30, and 75 minutes after drug injection between the epinephrine+fentanyl+bupivacaine and fentanyl+ bupivacaine groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of the combination of epinephrine+fentanyl+intrathecal bupivacaine compared to the combination of fentanyl+bupivacaine did not have a significant difference in the studied variables of patients' vital signs.
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Khadijeh Rezaei Kahkhaei , Soha Shokri, Tayebeh Azarmehr, Mehdi Afshari , Maryam Nakhaee Moghadam , Kolsoum Rezaie Kahkhaie , Leili Rezaei Kahkhaei ,
Volume 82, Issue 7 (October 2024)
Abstract
Background: Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy, which may be spontaneous or induced. In general, therapeutic abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy in order to save the mother's life and prevent birth defects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of legal abortion in women referring to Amir al-Mominin Ali hospital in Zabol city.
Methods: This study is a descriptive-cross-sectional study. The studied population included women who had a legal abortion on March 1, 2022 to September 1, 2022 at Amir al-Mominin Ali Zabol Hospital (Zabol-Iran). The tool used was a checklist made by the researcher and approved by the faculty members of Zabol University of Medical Sciences. The researchers collected the necessary information, including demographic information, obstetrics and mother's illness, fetal disorders, test results, ultrasound screenings, pathology results of patients and other conditions that led to the issuance of an abortion license.
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Results: In the specified period of time, there were 100 abortion cases that were investigated, and 78 (78%) of these abortions had maternal causes and 22% had fetal causes. The most common maternal causes of abortion were cardiovascular problems (7%) and mothers' age. Also, the most fetal causes were cerebrospinal causes (23%). Mothers who had abortions of maternal origin were significantly older than mothers with abortions of fetal origin (p=0.009).
Conclusion: The present study showed that in Sistan region, most cases of legal abortion depended on fetal reasons and mothers' age.
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Maedeh Afshar, Mahboubeh Haddad , Aliakbar Heydari, Majid Khadem Rezaiyan ,
Volume 82, Issue 8 (November 2024)
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is the most frequently encountered zoonosis and one of the most important health challenges, especially in developing countries. This disease can be accompanied by bacteremia and may result in severe complications. A definitive diagnosis may be made by culture of the organism from blood, body fluids or tissues, although serum agglutination test is often recognized as the reference test. While bacteremic brucellosis is not uncommon, research on this topic remains limited. The present study was conducted to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and para-clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with bacteremic brucellosis.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, and para-clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with bacteremic brucellosis from March 2011 to February 2021 at Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. A list of adult patients with confirmed brucellosis was assembled from microbiology laboratory records. The inclusion criterion was a positive blood culture for Brucella, regardless of the Brucella serology results. According to the laboratory report, the BACTEC culture medium was used to identify the organism, and the reported results did not specify the Brucella species. Demographic data, clinical presentations, paraclinical findings (including Wright, 2ME Wright, and Coombs Wright), and clinical outcomes were extracted from archived medical records.
Results: The mean age was 38.8±18 years, and 17 patients (53.1%) were male. Cardiac diseases were the most common underlying disease, and 15.7% of patients were immunocompromised. Fever and mono-arthritis were the most common symptoms and signs, respectively. Serologic investigations were negative in 12 patients (37.5%). 84.4% of patients had anemia. There was no mortality among patients.
Conclusion: A significant property of patients with positive blood culture for Brucella may not be identified with serologic assays, so if there is strong clinical suspicion of brucellosis, blood culture should also be considered. According to this study, bacteremic brucellosis is not accompanied by mortality, and the patients respond well to common antibiotic regimens.
