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Marziyeh Najafi, Sima Marzban, Roya Rajaee, Behrooz Pouragha,
Volume 81, Issue 12 (3-2024)
Volume 81, Issue 12 (3-2024)
Abstract
Managing overweight and obesity is associated with lower risks of chronic diseases like diabetes. Digital health, particularly smartphones or m-health, effectively manages body weight. Technologies such as telemedicine services, mobile health (mHealth) or the use of mobile phones or portable digital devices in healthcare services and wearable devices can be used in this field. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the impact of digital health technologies on weight management in diabetic patients.
Methods: The present study is a systematic review study that was initially searched using a systematic review of published studies in the field of digital health for weight management in diabetic patients from October 1401 to October 1402. Our study was conducted in two rigorous steps. Firstly, we performed a systematic review by searching for publications on Digital Health Solutions for Body Weight Management in Diabetic Patients until 12 October 2022. We meticulously combed through two comprehensive databases, PubMed and Web of Science, using a set of specific and relevant keywords. After a thorough screening and full-text assessment, we handpicked eight documents for this study. We cross-referenced with the companies' websites producing the identified applications to enrich our findings further.
Methods: The present study is a systematic review study that was initially searched using a systematic review of published studies in the field of digital health for weight management in diabetic patients from October 1401 to October 1402. Our study was conducted in two rigorous steps. Firstly, we performed a systematic review by searching for publications on Digital Health Solutions for Body Weight Management in Diabetic Patients until 12 October 2022. We meticulously combed through two comprehensive databases, PubMed and Web of Science, using a set of specific and relevant keywords. After a thorough screening and full-text assessment, we handpicked eight documents for this study. We cross-referenced with the companies' websites producing the identified applications to enrich our findings further.
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Results: In the initial search, 223 documents were identified and after screening and qualitative evaluation, eight documents were selected for this study. Our research uncovered a range of mHealth apps that have shown promise in weight management for diabetic patients. These apps have demonstrated potential efficacy, high acceptability, and favorable user experiences. Importantly, they have also improved diabetes management and quality of life for the users.
Conclusion: Our review of digital health solutions has not only illuminated their potential in weight management for diabetic patients but also opened up new avenues for a more personalized, engaging, and practical approach to this issue. As technology continues to advance, these interventions hold the potential to revolutionize diabetes self-management, significantly enhance the quality of life, and contribute to better health outcomes for individuals living with diabetes. |
Maryam Behmaram, Mohammad Ghasem Hanafi, Ahmad Fakhri Zadeh , Mahsa Akhavan Sabagh , Elham Farhadi,
Volume 82, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
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Background: Increasing the prevalence of non-contagious and chronic disorders such as Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) takes the attention of researchers. NAFLD recognized by abnormal accumulation in the liver tissue. The aim of present study is investigating the association between liver size liver enzymes and degree of fatty liver in patients with NAFLD.
Methods: Based on the inclusion criteria, 100 Patients were selected from those referred to the radiology and ultrasonography clinic in Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, for fatty liver evaluation. The study was carried out during May 2022 to April 2023. Liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were measured. Based on the ultrasonography results, patients were divided into four groups: healthy, mild fatty liver, moderate fatty liver, and severe fatty liver. Ultrasonography was carried out by an experienced expert. All demographic information of patients was collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V25).
Methods: Based on the inclusion criteria, 100 Patients were selected from those referred to the radiology and ultrasonography clinic in Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, for fatty liver evaluation. The study was carried out during May 2022 to April 2023. Liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were measured. Based on the ultrasonography results, patients were divided into four groups: healthy, mild fatty liver, moderate fatty liver, and severe fatty liver. Ultrasonography was carried out by an experienced expert. All demographic information of patients was collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V25).
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Results: According to ultrasonography results, the mean of span was 148.4 ± 14.7 cm, which was significantly higher in patients with grade II of NAFLD (P<0.001). Further analysis revealed the highest difference between grades I and II (P<0.001). Also, a significant difference between grades II and III and grades III and I were found (P<0.001). Our data showed a significant relationship between body mass index (BMI) and NAFLD grades (P<0.001). The mean of BMI in grade I was significantly lower than in grades II and III (P<0.05). Our findings demonstrated that the mean of ALT in grade I was significantly lower than in grades II and III (P<0.05). In this line, the highest AST level was seen in grade III (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Our study showed that as NAFLD progresses, the enzymes and size of the liver increase. Based on ultrasound findings, the increasing liver size suggests NAFLD grade II, while the rise in AST and BMI suggests NAFLD grade II -III and progression of cirrhosis. |
Mohsen Sadat Shahabi , Ahmad Shalbaf ,
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders in the world. Due to the life quality decline caused by this disease and its growing nature, timely detection and treatment is of paramount importance. In the present study Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal utilized for the precise detection of MDD using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Methods.
Methods: In this analytic study, which is done in Shahid Beheshti University of medical Sciences in 2023, fifty eight subjects were investigated using an experienced psychiatrist that 30 subjects diagnosed as MDD and 28 determined to be healthy. Nineteen channels EEG signals in resting state with eyes closed situation acquired for five minutes from all of the participants including 36 men and 22 women with the average age of 39.3 years. The EEG signals were preprocessed to remove contaminating signals from brain-originated signals. The EEGLAB package in MATLAB utilized to re-reference channels to the average reference, apply a band-pass filter between 1 and 40 Hz and to remove non-brain components of the signal using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The cleaned data segmented to the three seconds windows with 50 percent overlapping. These segments were used as the input to the AI models. Deep Learning (DL) models utilized in the present study were EEGNet, ShallowConvNet and DeepConvNet which were developed based on the deep convolutional models for the classification of healthy and MDD brain signals. The main difference between these models laid in the number of specific convolutional layers and the model complexity.
Methods: In this analytic study, which is done in Shahid Beheshti University of medical Sciences in 2023, fifty eight subjects were investigated using an experienced psychiatrist that 30 subjects diagnosed as MDD and 28 determined to be healthy. Nineteen channels EEG signals in resting state with eyes closed situation acquired for five minutes from all of the participants including 36 men and 22 women with the average age of 39.3 years. The EEG signals were preprocessed to remove contaminating signals from brain-originated signals. The EEGLAB package in MATLAB utilized to re-reference channels to the average reference, apply a band-pass filter between 1 and 40 Hz and to remove non-brain components of the signal using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The cleaned data segmented to the three seconds windows with 50 percent overlapping. These segments were used as the input to the AI models. Deep Learning (DL) models utilized in the present study were EEGNet, ShallowConvNet and DeepConvNet which were developed based on the deep convolutional models for the classification of healthy and MDD brain signals. The main difference between these models laid in the number of specific convolutional layers and the model complexity.
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Results: MDD and Healthy signals classification has been done using EEGNet, ShallowConvNet and DeepConvNet models and accuracy of 92.3%, 83.2% and 92.2% were achieved, respectively. Also EEGNet acquired the highest sensitivity of 98.9% and specificity of 79.1%.
Conclusion: The detection of MDD patients using EEG signals with high accuracy and generalizability is possible and proposed AI models can be utilized in the clinical settings as assistant tools. |
Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani , Mitra Tajari, Mohadese Hozouri,
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: In people with diabetes, metabolic changes can affect the body's response to physical activity. On the other hand, for people with diabetes, exercise can be a powerful tool to manage diabetes and improve overall health through key regulatory proteins such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1/2), dynamin-like protein (DLP1), and autophagy-related protein 13 (ATG13). In diabetes, AMPK regulation is often disrupted, contributing to the metabolic imbalances that characterize diabetes. In diabetes, disruption of DLP1 protein as a key regulator of mitochondrial fission leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and metabolic imbalance. ATG13, as an autophagy regulator causes the recycling of damaged cells and damaged components.
Methods: This study was conducted in May to July 2023. In this experimental research, 12 two-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams participated. To induce type two diabetes, nicotinamide solution with a dose of 110 mg/kg and streptozotocin (STZ) with a dose of 60 mg/kg were injected, and blood glucose between 126 and 260 mg/dl was determined as the index of diabetes induction. Then the diabetic rats were randomly divided into training (six heads) and control groups (six heads). The moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) group trained for 4 weeks and four sessions every week. The MIIT program consisted of 4 rounds of 3 minutes with an intensity equal to 55-75% of the maximum speed and active rest periods of two minutes with an intensity of 35-45% of the maximum speed. After 24 hours from the last training, the rats were anesthetized and the soleus muscle tissue was isolated and the proteins were measured by western blot methods.
Methods: This study was conducted in May to July 2023. In this experimental research, 12 two-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams participated. To induce type two diabetes, nicotinamide solution with a dose of 110 mg/kg and streptozotocin (STZ) with a dose of 60 mg/kg were injected, and blood glucose between 126 and 260 mg/dl was determined as the index of diabetes induction. Then the diabetic rats were randomly divided into training (six heads) and control groups (six heads). The moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) group trained for 4 weeks and four sessions every week. The MIIT program consisted of 4 rounds of 3 minutes with an intensity equal to 55-75% of the maximum speed and active rest periods of two minutes with an intensity of 35-45% of the maximum speed. After 24 hours from the last training, the rats were anesthetized and the soleus muscle tissue was isolated and the proteins were measured by western blot methods.
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Results: The results showed that MIIT causes a non-significant increase in AMPK protein (P=0.29) and ATG13 (P=0.079), while it has a significant decrease in DLP1 (P=0.002).
Conclusion: It seems that MIIT, through decreasing DLP1, can have a beneficial effect on energy metabolism and autophagy process in order to optimize cells mitochondria in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. |
Ghazal Mansouri, Fatemeh Nouri Koohbanani , Fatemeh Karami Robati , Robabe Hosseinisadat,
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: Choosing a specialty in medicine is an important decision for the individual. It is also important decision for the health system. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the interest of specialized assistants to continue studying in subspecialized fields.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the factors affecting the interest of 261 specialized assistants to continue their studies in subspecialized fields from March 2021 to March 2022. All the specialized assistants of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU), whose assistantship continued until the end of March 2022, were included in the study by census method. The data collection tool was a 4-part questionnaire. 1) demographic information including 13 questions (age, gender, marital status, city where the family lives, place of residence to complete the residency course, specialized field, level of education, grade point average, parents' education, parents' occupation and having first-degree relatives with subspecialized degrees), 2) the willingness or unwillingness to continue studying in subspecialized fields and the field of interest, 3) the reasons for the assistants' interest in continuing their education, included 14 questions, and 4) the reasons for the assistants' lack of interest in continuing their education, included 14 questions.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the factors affecting the interest of 261 specialized assistants to continue their studies in subspecialized fields from March 2021 to March 2022. All the specialized assistants of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU), whose assistantship continued until the end of March 2022, were included in the study by census method. The data collection tool was a 4-part questionnaire. 1) demographic information including 13 questions (age, gender, marital status, city where the family lives, place of residence to complete the residency course, specialized field, level of education, grade point average, parents' education, parents' occupation and having first-degree relatives with subspecialized degrees), 2) the willingness or unwillingness to continue studying in subspecialized fields and the field of interest, 3) the reasons for the assistants' interest in continuing their education, included 14 questions, and 4) the reasons for the assistants' lack of interest in continuing their education, included 14 questions.
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Results: The average age of the assistants was 31.53±3.90 years old. Most of the assistants were women (57.9%). 57.5 percent of the assistants were interested in continuing their studies in subspecialized fields. The most important reason for residents' interest in continuing their studies was "increasing practical-clinical knowledge" (80.1%). The most interest in continuing education was observed in internal assistants (17.33%). The assistant's age, specialist field and having first-degree relatives with a subspecialist degree had a significant relationship with the interest of the assistants to continue studying in subspecialist fields.
Conclusion: The results showed that a significant percentage of assistants were interested in continuing their studies in subspecialized fields. Age, the assistant's specialty and having first-degree relatives with a subspecialist degree had a significant effect on this interest. |
Fatemeh Khaksarmadani, Azim Motamedfar, Mohammad Momen Gharibvand,
Volume 82, Issue 3 (6-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 3 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide and remains a major cause of mortality. The axillary lymph node (ALN) status, especially in the absence of distant metastasis, is a significant prognostic indicator in breast cancer management. Non-invasive methods, such as ultrasound, have gained prominence in the diagnostic landscape, particularly for evaluating dense breast tissue where traditional imaging may have limitations. This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting malignant ALNs among breast cancer patients.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 150 women diagnosed with breast cancer who visited Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, between 2021 and 2022. Patients were initially examined clinically, and subsequently, ALN evaluations were performed using a GE S6 logic ultrasound machine. Key radiologic parameters including lymph node size, morphology, cortical thickness, and vascular distribution were assessed. Stata software was used for data analysis, and pathology results were considered the gold standard to determine ultrasound’s sensitivity and specificity in detecting malignancy.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 150 women diagnosed with breast cancer who visited Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, between 2021 and 2022. Patients were initially examined clinically, and subsequently, ALN evaluations were performed using a GE S6 logic ultrasound machine. Key radiologic parameters including lymph node size, morphology, cortical thickness, and vascular distribution were assessed. Stata software was used for data analysis, and pathology results were considered the gold standard to determine ultrasound’s sensitivity and specificity in detecting malignancy.
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Results: We found 77.7% of the 150 patients had metastatic ALNs, indicating a high rate of lymphatic spread in this population. Ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 86.09% and a specificity of 51.52% in detecting malignant nodes. Radiological signs of cancer, like abnormal morphology and increased cortical thickness, were strongly linked to positive pathological findings. This shows that ultrasound is a useful tool for diagnosis.
Conclusion: The results indicate that ultrasound, as a non-invasive and accessible modality, can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying malignant ALNs in breast cancer patients. Integrating ultrasound with physical examination could enhance diagnostic precision, potentially reducing the need for invasive procedures such as biopsies. However, more research is necessary to establish the role of ultrasound in clinical protocols and investigate its potential to guide customized treatment strategies. Such advancements could optimize patient outcomes, enhance resource allocation, and ultimately contribute to more effective breast cancer management. |
Khadije Sohrabi, Abbas Ali Gaeini , Elham Shirzad , Shahram Khorshidi , Shahriar Nafissi, Hamid Reza Fateh,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. It is classified into five types (from type 0 to 4) based on the age of onset of symptoms and maximum motor function. This autosomal recessive mutation results in progressive weakness and atrophy of the proximal muscles. Due to the high cost of treatment, the critical timing of intervention, and the varied responses of patients, many individuals do not sufficiently benefit from current therapeutic methods. This study evaluates the impact of resistance training on the quality of life and fatigue in patients with SMA type III, considering the potential benefits of such training.
Methods: The present study was developmental and semi-experimental. Fourteen ambulatory patients with SMA type III were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The exercise group engaged in lower limb resistance training at an intensity of 6 to 8 on an adult resistance exercise scale for 10 weeks (25 sessions). During this period, the control group maintained their usual daily activities. Patients in the exercise group did not engage in any exercise activity other than the protocol of the present study. Patients' quality of life was measured with the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, and fatigue severity was measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), both evaluated pre- and post-intervention. The assessments and exercises were conducted in the occupational therapy department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran, from July 2023 to September 2023.
| Results: Analysis of the results showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the exercise group compared to the control group in the subscales of physical functioning and fatigue within the quality of life assessment. Additionally, notable differences were found between the groups on the fatigue intensity scale. However, No significant difference was observed in the patients' Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements. Conclusion: Progressive resistance training of the lower limbs enhances the quality of life and reduces fatigue in patients with SMA type III. |
Navid Qaraei, Mohammad Ali Jafari, Maedeh Jafari , Fatemeh Karami Robati , Saeedeh Parvaresh,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Nephrolithiasis is one of the oldest known systemic diseases of kidney and urinary tract in children. This study aimed to compare the serum level of vitamin D in children with nephrolithiasis and healthy children.
Methods: The present descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to September 2019. 74 children with kidney stones and 63 healthy children referring to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman were selected by simple sampling method. Healthy children who were considered as the control group were matched with the case group in terms of age and gender. All patients underwent kidney and urinary tract ultrasound. The diagnosis of kidney stones was based on the radiologist's opinion. Demographic characteristics of patients (age and sex) were recorded. Patients' blood tests were checked for vitamin D and calcium. Descriptive and analytical methods and SPSS software version 21 were used to analyze the data.
Methods: The present descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to September 2019. 74 children with kidney stones and 63 healthy children referring to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman were selected by simple sampling method. Healthy children who were considered as the control group were matched with the case group in terms of age and gender. All patients underwent kidney and urinary tract ultrasound. The diagnosis of kidney stones was based on the radiologist's opinion. Demographic characteristics of patients (age and sex) were recorded. Patients' blood tests were checked for vitamin D and calcium. Descriptive and analytical methods and SPSS software version 21 were used to analyze the data.
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Results: The average age of children with kidney stones and healthy children was 5.41±1.8 and 10.06±0.41 years old, respectively (P=0.971). The most number of patients were boys (58.1%). 29.7% of patients and 15.9% of healthy children had a family history of kidney stones (P=0.056). 71.6% of patients had unilateral kidney stones and 28% had bilateral kidney stones. The mean serum level of vitamin D was higher in healthy children (P=0.021). The average calcium was higher in children with kidney stones (P=0.001). The average calcium was higher in children with kidney stones who had a family history of kidney stones (P=0.018). Average calcium was higher in children with bilateral kidney stones (11.4±1.1) (P=0.033). The mean calcium was higher in children with kidney stones with vitamin D deficiency (P=0.001) and sufficient vitamin D levels (P=0.037).
Conclusion: The average level of vitamin D serum in healthy children was significantly higher than that of children with kidney stones, and the average level of calcium in children with kidney stones was significantly higher than that of healthy children. Larger studies with more patients are needed to investigate these relationships. |
Navid Kalani , Hasan Zabetian, Shahram Shafa, Erfaneh Alirezai, Fatemeh Eftekharian, Reza Sahraei ,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Recently, epinephrine is used to increase the depth and duration of local anesthetic pain, and it is widely used topically to reduce local anesthetic release and reduce bleeding caused by surgery.
Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial on 30 patients aged 18 to 85 years undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery referred to Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom from September to December 2022. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups, A (epinephrine+fentanyl+bupivacaine) and B (bupivacaine+fentanyl). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, arterial blood oxygen saturation percentage, and pulse rate were measured and recorded before drug administration, before spinal anesthesia, after anesthesia, and then every half hour until the end of surgery (15, 45, 30, 60, 75, 90, 120) and during recovery. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 software and descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Friedman) at a significance level of P<0.05.
Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial on 30 patients aged 18 to 85 years undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery referred to Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom from September to December 2022. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups, A (epinephrine+fentanyl+bupivacaine) and B (bupivacaine+fentanyl). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, arterial blood oxygen saturation percentage, and pulse rate were measured and recorded before drug administration, before spinal anesthesia, after anesthesia, and then every half hour until the end of surgery (15, 45, 30, 60, 75, 90, 120) and during recovery. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 software and descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Friedman) at a significance level of P<0.05.
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Results: Thirty patients aged 18 to 85 years (in two groups of 15) with anesthesia class I and II undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery were evaluated. The study groups are matched in terms of age and gender variables. There was no significant difference in mean systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate before and after anesthesia, 15, 45, 30, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes after drug injection, and at entry and exit from recovery between the Epinephrine+Fentanyl+Bupivacaine and Fentanyl+Bupivacaine groups. There was a significant difference in mean O2SAT before anesthesia, 15, 30, and 75 minutes after drug injection between the epinephrine+fentanyl+bupivacaine and fentanyl+ bupivacaine groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of the combination of epinephrine+fentanyl+intrathecal bupivacaine compared to the combination of fentanyl+bupivacaine did not have a significant difference in the studied variables of patients' vital signs. |
Yunus Soleymani, Farahnaz Aghahoseini, Peyman Sheikhzadeh,
Volume 82, Issue 5 (8-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 5 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background: Nuclear medicine imaging has shown high accuracy in evaluating the metabolism of colon cancer lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of radiomics features extracted from nuclear medicine images as non-invasive biomarkers of lesion metabolism in patients with colon cancer by examining the correlation of these features with SUV (standardized uptake value) max values.
Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted from July 2022 to July 2023 in the nuclear medicine department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) images of 60 patients with primary colon cancer were used. Colon cancer lesions were manually delineated on PET images by an experienced physician and saved as VOIs (volumes of interest). Thirty-two textural radiomics features were extracted from each VOI, including feature groups of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM), neighborhood grey-level difference matrix (NGLDM), and gray-level zone length matrix (GLZLM). Then, the correlation of these features with SUVmax values was investigated using the Spearman correlation coefficient statistical test. Also, the value of p<0.05 was considered as the significance level of the test.
Results: A comprehensive analysis revealed that more than 96% of the examined radiomics features specifically, 31 out of 32 exhibited a statistically significant correlation with lesion metabolism values, as indicated by p-values less than 0.05. Among these features, GLZLM_HGZE stood out with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9881, alongside a significance level of less than 0.0001. Similarly, GLZLM_SZHGE also demonstrated a strong correlation, with a coefficient of 0.9723 and a significance level below 0.0001, indicating a robust relationship with SUVmax values. In contrast, GLZLM_LZHGE was the only feature that failed to show a significant correlation with lesion metabolism values (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The radiomics method has the potential to be used as a completely non-invasive method to evaluate the metabolism of colon cancer lesions and facilitate the monitoring and treatment of patients with colon cancer.
Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted from July 2022 to July 2023 in the nuclear medicine department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) images of 60 patients with primary colon cancer were used. Colon cancer lesions were manually delineated on PET images by an experienced physician and saved as VOIs (volumes of interest). Thirty-two textural radiomics features were extracted from each VOI, including feature groups of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM), neighborhood grey-level difference matrix (NGLDM), and gray-level zone length matrix (GLZLM). Then, the correlation of these features with SUVmax values was investigated using the Spearman correlation coefficient statistical test. Also, the value of p<0.05 was considered as the significance level of the test.
Results: A comprehensive analysis revealed that more than 96% of the examined radiomics features specifically, 31 out of 32 exhibited a statistically significant correlation with lesion metabolism values, as indicated by p-values less than 0.05. Among these features, GLZLM_HGZE stood out with a high correlation coefficient of 0.9881, alongside a significance level of less than 0.0001. Similarly, GLZLM_SZHGE also demonstrated a strong correlation, with a coefficient of 0.9723 and a significance level below 0.0001, indicating a robust relationship with SUVmax values. In contrast, GLZLM_LZHGE was the only feature that failed to show a significant correlation with lesion metabolism values (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The radiomics method has the potential to be used as a completely non-invasive method to evaluate the metabolism of colon cancer lesions and facilitate the monitoring and treatment of patients with colon cancer.
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Shahla Ahmadi Halili , Zahra Soltani, Saeed Hesam, Maryam Khombi Shooshtari ,
Volume 82, Issue 5 (8-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 5 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes worldwide. In diabetic patients, although renal biopsies performed with less frequency, it is important because these patients may have glomerular disorders other than diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the results of renal biopsies performed on diabetic patients referred to diabetic clinics in Imam Khomeini and Golestan hospitals in Ahvaz, southwest Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, information related to biopsy samples from 67 patients recognize with diabetes who underwent renal biopsy from August 2103 to September 2018, collected and recorded retrospectively. The presence of diabetic nephropathy and other renal diseases was confirmed by pathological evaluation of all renal biopsy specimens. Then, the data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 software.
Results: The results of this study presented that diabetic nephropathy (67.2%), diabetic nephropathy along with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (7.5%), acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (6%) and membrane glomerulonephritis (6%) were the most frequent diagnosis in diabetic patients with renal disorder. Furthermore, in the described cases, class IV (47.9%), III (35.4%) and II (12.5%) and I (4.2%) were the most common classes of nephropathy, respectively. Interestingly, there was no significant association between age, sex, proteinuria and hematuria with the frequency of nephropathy in the patient who underwent renal biopsy. Also, in this study, the frequency of class I and II nephropathy was 100% in patients older than 50 years, while 64.7% of class III was in patients under 50 years of age, which was also statistically significant (P=0.018). On the other hand, in the studied patients, there were not significant different between the frequency of diabetic nephropathy class and proteinuria, azotemia, and hematuria (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, to reduce the risk of complications and costs, it seems crucial to be more wary in pick out diabetic patients for renal biopsy and to enhance the threshold of renal biopsy in diabetic patients as much as possible.
Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, information related to biopsy samples from 67 patients recognize with diabetes who underwent renal biopsy from August 2103 to September 2018, collected and recorded retrospectively. The presence of diabetic nephropathy and other renal diseases was confirmed by pathological evaluation of all renal biopsy specimens. Then, the data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 software.
Results: The results of this study presented that diabetic nephropathy (67.2%), diabetic nephropathy along with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (7.5%), acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (6%) and membrane glomerulonephritis (6%) were the most frequent diagnosis in diabetic patients with renal disorder. Furthermore, in the described cases, class IV (47.9%), III (35.4%) and II (12.5%) and I (4.2%) were the most common classes of nephropathy, respectively. Interestingly, there was no significant association between age, sex, proteinuria and hematuria with the frequency of nephropathy in the patient who underwent renal biopsy. Also, in this study, the frequency of class I and II nephropathy was 100% in patients older than 50 years, while 64.7% of class III was in patients under 50 years of age, which was also statistically significant (P=0.018). On the other hand, in the studied patients, there were not significant different between the frequency of diabetic nephropathy class and proteinuria, azotemia, and hematuria (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, to reduce the risk of complications and costs, it seems crucial to be more wary in pick out diabetic patients for renal biopsy and to enhance the threshold of renal biopsy in diabetic patients as much as possible.
Mohammad Hossein Rabbani , Parvin Farzanegi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ,
Volume 82, Issue 6 (9-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 6 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise and the consumption of certain supplements, such as ursolic acid, may reduce sarcopenia and osteoporosis by activating or inhibiting specific genes and signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and ursolic acid supplementation on the expression of genes related to inflammatory and autophagy pathways in type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted from May 2023 to October 2023 at Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch. A total of 30 male Wistar rats (12 months old, mean weight 390 g) were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) healthy (normal), 2) diabetic, 3) diabetic+exercise, 4) diabetic+supplement, 5) diabetic+exercise+ supplement. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The aerobic exercise protocol was performed five days a week for eight weeks. The supplement groups received a daily intraperitoneal injection of ursolic acid (250 mg/kg body weight).
Methods: This experimental study was conducted from May 2023 to October 2023 at Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch. A total of 30 male Wistar rats (12 months old, mean weight 390 g) were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) healthy (normal), 2) diabetic, 3) diabetic+exercise, 4) diabetic+supplement, 5) diabetic+exercise+ supplement. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The aerobic exercise protocol was performed five days a week for eight weeks. The supplement groups received a daily intraperitoneal injection of ursolic acid (250 mg/kg body weight).
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Results: Data analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the expression levels of LC3, Becline-1, TNFα, IL-1β Akt, and FOXO3 genes (P=0.000). The results of the post hoc test also showed that the expression level of LC3, Becline-1, TNFα, IL-1β genes in the model group increased significantly compared to the normal group (P=0.000). A significant difference was observed between intervention groups (P<0.05). The results of the follow-up test also showed that the level of expression of Akt genes in the model group was significantly decreased compared to the normal group (P=0.000). No significant difference was observed between intervention groups (P<0.05).
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Conclusion: The results of the study showed that regular aerobic training and Ursolic acid consumption can affect inflammatory and autophagy pathways. These effects reduce cell atrophy through changes in some biological signals and help improve muscle function in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, aerobic training and Ursolic acid consumption can serve as an effective strategy for improving metabolic status and preventing cellular damage in this patient population.
Majid Jahanshahi , Morteza Taheri , Seyyed Abdollahadi Daneshi , Mostafa Haji Rezaei ,
Volume 82, Issue 6 (9-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 6 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a therapeutic approach for patients with raised intracranial pressure and cerebral edema. Although DC is not a complicated procedure, it is associated with significant complications and morbidities that significantly affect clinical outcomes. This study investigates the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation disorders after DC and evaluates related factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 79 patients who underwent DC at Shohadaye Haftome Tir Hospital, one of the main trauma centers in Tehran. The patients' files and the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) were reviewed to collect demographic, clinical, and radiologic data. After identifying patients with post-operative (after DC) CSF circulation disorders, the relevant factors were determined using multivariate logistic regression.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 79 patients who underwent DC at Shohadaye Haftome Tir Hospital, one of the main trauma centers in Tehran. The patients' files and the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) were reviewed to collect demographic, clinical, and radiologic data. After identifying patients with post-operative (after DC) CSF circulation disorders, the relevant factors were determined using multivariate logistic regression.
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Results: Overall, seventy-nine patients were studied. The mean age of patients was 40.56±12.64 years and 82.3% were male. Forty-seven patients (59.5%) underwent DC due to traumatic causes and thirty-two patients (40.5%) due to vascular pathologies. In total, 36.7% (nineteen) of patients were affected by some degree of subdural hygromas of which 13 patients (44.8%) progressed to clinical and radiologic hydrocephalus. 19% (fifteen patients) developed hydrocephalus within the first six months after surgery. Considering the clinical variables, the GCS of patients was the only one that showed a significant relationship with CSF circulation disorders. Regarding radiological variables, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was the only relevant factor. In addition, from the surgical perspective, performing duraplasty (autograft or allograft) and reoperation demonstrated significant relationships with CSF circulation disorders. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that having intraventricular hemorrhage (OR, 6.15-6.9414: CI95%, P=0.003) and reoperation (75.91: OR, 3.88-3.6, 1485/43: CI95%, P=0.004) were two independent factors associated with hydrocephalus in DC patients.
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Conclusion: In patients who have undergone decompressive craniectomy, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and reoperation can be independent risk factors for CSF circulation disorders. Although the incidence and presence of IVH cannot be controlled, careful and meticulous surgical technique and skill can significantly improve the outcome of decompressive craniectomy by reducing the need for reoperation
Mohammad Gholami , Alireza Mahmoudabadi, Maryam Moradi , Hossein Nezami, Hamideh Mohammadzadeh ,
Volume 82, Issue 7 (10-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 7 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss, and its prevalence increases with age. Different studies have reported different results regarding the association of cardiovascular diseases with androgenetic alopecia. The present study aimed to The present study aimed to Investigating the relationship between androgenetic alopecia and the thickness of the intima media of the carotid artery in the referrals to the specialized skin and hair clinic of Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi Hospital.
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Methods: This case-control study was conducted from October 2021 to June 2022 on 100 patients referred to the Skin and Hair Clinic of Allameh Bahloul Hospital in two groups of 50 cases and controls, aged less than 40 years. The subjects were matched in terms of age and gender. Patients with alopecia were classified into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe based on the diagnosis of the treating physician. The thickness of the intima-media layer of the carotid artery was measured using ultrasound.
Results: There were 37 males and 13 females in both the case and control groups. The mean age in the case group was 29.50 and 30.28 years, respectively. In addition, the duration of alopecia in the case group was 6.9 years. Although the results indicated that the carotid artery intima-media thickness was higher in patients with androgenetic alopecia, no statistically significant relationship was found between androgenetic alopecia and carotid artery intima-media thickness (P=0.66). There was also a statistical relationship between the carotid artery intima-media thickness and the duration of alopecia (P=0.03). Conclusion: Considering the relationship between the thickness of the intima media of the carotid artery and the duration of alopecia, it can be said that there is a possible relationship between alopecia and atherosclerosis, but to prove it, studies with a larger sample size are needed. |
Sara Rezapour , Mehrab Deylami, Marjan Kazeminia,
Volume 82, Issue 7 (10-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 7 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: The mandibular first molar teeth are the most common teeth that undergo endodontic treatment and are anatomically very challenging. Adequate knowledge of the danger zone in the mesial root of the first mandibular molars helps reduce the risk of misdiagnosis of perforation during treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the dentin thickness of the danger zone in the mesial canals of the mandibular first molar in CBCT(Cone Beam Coomputed Tomography) images at intervals of 3, 4, 5 mm below the orifice canal.
Methods: In this study, CBCT images of 144 mandibular first molars from 74 patients aged 18 to 66 years were examined. Mean orifice to Furcation was calculated and mean distal dentin thickness of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals was measured at 3, 4 and 5 mm below the orifice. The mean thickness of the distal dentin was examined in terms of age, sex and maxillary side.
Results: The lowest mean distal wall thickness of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals was 5 mm below the orifice of the canal. The mean distal wall thickness of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were higher in men than women (P <0.05). The mean distal wall thickness did not show a significant relationship with age. (P=0.745) except in the area of 3 and 5 mm below the orifice in the mesiobuccal canal which was significantly associated with age (P=0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two mandibular sides (P=0.543) except in the 4 mm area below the orifice in the mesiolingual canal (P <0.05).
Methods: In this study, CBCT images of 144 mandibular first molars from 74 patients aged 18 to 66 years were examined. Mean orifice to Furcation was calculated and mean distal dentin thickness of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals was measured at 3, 4 and 5 mm below the orifice. The mean thickness of the distal dentin was examined in terms of age, sex and maxillary side.
Results: The lowest mean distal wall thickness of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals was 5 mm below the orifice of the canal. The mean distal wall thickness of mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were higher in men than women (P <0.05). The mean distal wall thickness did not show a significant relationship with age. (P=0.745) except in the area of 3 and 5 mm below the orifice in the mesiobuccal canal which was significantly associated with age (P=0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two mandibular sides (P=0.543) except in the 4 mm area below the orifice in the mesiolingual canal (P <0.05).
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Conclusion: The present study showed that the danger zone is observed in the distal dentin of the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of the mandibular first molar teeth in men and women 5 mm below the orifice of the canal. The mean dentin thickness of the distal wall was lower in women than in men.
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Seyed Mohammad Reza Hadavi , Maryam Zahedi, Navid Kalani, Naeimeh Ossadat Asmarian , Reza Sahraei ,
Volume 82, Issue 9 (12-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 9 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background: Shoulder labral repair surgery is associated with significant postoperative pain and restricted mobility. Inadequate pain management may lead to delayed rehabilitation, increased risk of chronic pain development, and higher opioid consumption. This study aimed to compare postoperative pain intensity during the first two weeks following shoulder labral repair between patients receiving interscalene block alone versus those receiving interscalene block combined with intravenous morphine.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial, 120 patients undergoing open rotator cuff repair at Chamran Hospital, Shiraz (June-December 2024) were allocated using balanced block randomization. Group 1 received preoperative interscalene block with 30 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, while Group 2 received the same block plus intravenous morphine (1% mg/kg). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as mean and percentage and appropriate statistical tests such as Repeated measurement and Anova using SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was considered to be (P<0.05).
Results: Demographic characteristics (age, sex, weight, ASA class) showed no significant intergroup differences (p>0.05). Pain scores were significantly lower at all time points in the combination therapy group compared to the block-only group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the combination of interscalene block with morphine was significantly more effective in reducing pain after rotator cuff surgery than interscalene block alone. This finding suggests that the use of morphine as an additional analgesic can enhance the analgesic effects of interscalene block and provide better pain relief. The combination of these two methods may cause a positive interaction in pain relief and reduce the need for other medications, which consequently prevents the side effects caused by additional analgesic drugs, and patients who receive the combination of these two treatment methods experience greater comfort and better functional improvement. However, it is recommended that further studies focusing on the precise dosage and timing of drug combinations be conducted to obtain more precise results regarding the optimization of pain management after rotator cuff surgery. Also, examining the long-term effects of this treatment method could help to better understand its advantages and disadvantages.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial, 120 patients undergoing open rotator cuff repair at Chamran Hospital, Shiraz (June-December 2024) were allocated using balanced block randomization. Group 1 received preoperative interscalene block with 30 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, while Group 2 received the same block plus intravenous morphine (1% mg/kg). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as mean and percentage and appropriate statistical tests such as Repeated measurement and Anova using SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was considered to be (P<0.05).
Results: Demographic characteristics (age, sex, weight, ASA class) showed no significant intergroup differences (p>0.05). Pain scores were significantly lower at all time points in the combination therapy group compared to the block-only group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the combination of interscalene block with morphine was significantly more effective in reducing pain after rotator cuff surgery than interscalene block alone. This finding suggests that the use of morphine as an additional analgesic can enhance the analgesic effects of interscalene block and provide better pain relief. The combination of these two methods may cause a positive interaction in pain relief and reduce the need for other medications, which consequently prevents the side effects caused by additional analgesic drugs, and patients who receive the combination of these two treatment methods experience greater comfort and better functional improvement. However, it is recommended that further studies focusing on the precise dosage and timing of drug combinations be conducted to obtain more precise results regarding the optimization of pain management after rotator cuff surgery. Also, examining the long-term effects of this treatment method could help to better understand its advantages and disadvantages.
Mahdieh Soltani , Seyyede Zohreh Seyyedsalehi, Reyhane Mahdavi,
Volume 82, Issue 9 (12-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 9 (12-2024)
Abstract
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With the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence across clinical disciplines, a variety of artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become indispensable tools for endowing computer systems with advanced analytical power. Dentistry, as an information‑rich branch of medicine, routinely generates and must interpret large, complex datasets from imaging and diagnostic records. Consequently, researchers have increasingly directed their attention toward intelligent, automated techniques for analyzing dental data. This study therefore surveys and synthesizes the methods that have been applied to the intelligent and automated analysis of such data, highlighting the prevailing trends in current literature.The majority of the examined investigations relied on panoramic radiographic images of the teeth orthopantomograms (OPG) as their primary source material. Three overarching technical objectives repeatedly emerged: first, tooth diagnosis, meaning the reliable separation and identification of each individual tooth from its neighbors; second, sample segmentation, that is, the piece‑by‑piece analysis of visual information within the image; and third, semantic segmentation, namely, the contextual interpretation of information extracted from the radiograph. Depending upon which of these objectives was pursued, researchers selected different neural‑network architectures and configurations. Across the reviewed corpus, input images were typically subjected to preprocessing steps such as normalization, noise reduction, and contrast enhancement before being supplied to a neural network for training, thereby preparing the data for subsequent machine interpretation. In several instances, the raw output produced by the neural network underwent additional post‑processing, a stage designed to refine the preliminary results and enhance overall accuracy. The comparative analysis presented here concentrates on how effectively the various neural‑network models fulfilled the three technical objectives described above. The surveyed articles reveal two dominant analytical approaches. In the intelligent problem‑solving paradigm, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) overwhelmingly predominate. Conversely, in the automated paradigm, investigators favor classical, non‑learning algorithmic techniques. Work employing ANNs consistently emphasizes image comprehension, segmentation, feature extraction, feature classification, network modeling, and careful variable tuning to promote effective learning that aligns with each study’s stated objectives.
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Mohammad Haji Aghajani , Mohammad Parsa Mahjoob , Reza Miri , Roxana Sadeghi , Fatemeh Omidi , Maryam Roozitalab,
Volume 82, Issue 9 (12-2024)
Volume 82, Issue 9 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background: Changes in the heart during pregnancy, especially changes in the left side of the heart, have been evaluated in various studies. However, alterations in the right ventricle have not been well studied. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the changes in echocardiographic indices of the right ventricle in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 pregnant women, as case group, in their second trimester who were referred to the perinatology clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, were examined by trans-thoracic echocardiography From April 4, 2023, to April 10, 2024. The results of the control group were compared with 30 age-matched non-pregnant and healthy women, as the control group. Exclusion criteria included multiple gestation, maternal age > 40, underlying cardiovascular disease, and significant obstetric or fetal complications. Hemodynamics and demographic data including age, height, weight, and body mass index were recorded and compared. Also, the anatomical and functional indices of the right ventricle were evaluated and compared.
Results: 60 participants were enrolled in this study. The two investigated groups were similar in terms of age, but the weight, height, and BMI were significantly different in the two groups; Such that weight and body mass index were significantly higher in pregnant women and height in non-pregnant women (p<0.05). Comparison of echocardiographic indices showed that tricuspid regurgitation gradient (TRG) and fractional area change (FAC) were significantly different in the two groups (in pregnant women, TRG index was higher and FAC index was lower (p<0.05)). Right atrium area, RV length, base of RV, mid of RV, and Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion showed no significant differences between case and control group.
Conclusion: FAC and TRG indices were significantly different between pregnant women and the control group. Paying attention to the changes in the normal values of these variables in pregnant women can be useful in improving the diagnosis of disorders and preventing the occurrence of cardiac events during pregnancy.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 pregnant women, as case group, in their second trimester who were referred to the perinatology clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, were examined by trans-thoracic echocardiography From April 4, 2023, to April 10, 2024. The results of the control group were compared with 30 age-matched non-pregnant and healthy women, as the control group. Exclusion criteria included multiple gestation, maternal age > 40, underlying cardiovascular disease, and significant obstetric or fetal complications. Hemodynamics and demographic data including age, height, weight, and body mass index were recorded and compared. Also, the anatomical and functional indices of the right ventricle were evaluated and compared.
Results: 60 participants were enrolled in this study. The two investigated groups were similar in terms of age, but the weight, height, and BMI were significantly different in the two groups; Such that weight and body mass index were significantly higher in pregnant women and height in non-pregnant women (p<0.05). Comparison of echocardiographic indices showed that tricuspid regurgitation gradient (TRG) and fractional area change (FAC) were significantly different in the two groups (in pregnant women, TRG index was higher and FAC index was lower (p<0.05)). Right atrium area, RV length, base of RV, mid of RV, and Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion showed no significant differences between case and control group.
Conclusion: FAC and TRG indices were significantly different between pregnant women and the control group. Paying attention to the changes in the normal values of these variables in pregnant women can be useful in improving the diagnosis of disorders and preventing the occurrence of cardiac events during pregnancy.
Elham Rajaei , Forough Nokhostin, Maedeh Ekhtelat, Nasrin Masihpour, Maryam Dastoorpour,
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune inflammatory diseases, which are often associated with severe and chronic complications, affect approximately 7.6-9.4% of world's population. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the frequency of ocular side effects of anti-TNF-α drugs in patients with rheumatic diseases.
Methods: In this analytical epidemiological study, 122 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis who were treated with TNF-α inhibitory drugs (including Infliximab, Adalimumab and Etanercept) referred to Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2019-2022 were examined. Ocular complications including anterior uveitis, macular edema, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, diplopia with paired neurological involvement, anterior uveitis with diplopia and keratitis sicca were evaluated by an ophthalmologist after six months of treatment with TNF-α inhibitory drugs. Infliximab was used on day zero, week two and four, and then every 6 to 8 weeks with a dose of 3 to 5 per kilogram of body weight. Adalimumab dosage was 40 mg every other week and Etanercept was taken at a dose of 50 mg weekly.
Results: From 122 patients, 59 (48.36%) and 36 (29.51%) had rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, respectively. Among 7.38% of reported ocular complications, anterior uveitis was the most common complication (3.28%). Type of anti-TNF-α drug had no significant correlation with the occurrence of ocular complications and eye complications were mainly observed in patients who used etanercept, but there was no significant difference compared to the other two drugs (P=0.1). The mean duration of disease in patients with and without eye complications was 5.47±4.13 and 3.22±2.58 years, respectively (P=0.03). No significant relationship was observed between the duration of anti-TNF-α drugs use and eye complications (P=0.66).
Conclusion: Given the higher incidence of ocular complications in patients taking etanercept, as well as the significant association between the duration of the disease and the occurrence of ocular complications, monitoring long-term treatment and follow-up of rheumatic patients taking anti-TNF-α drugs is of great importance.
Farkhondeh Ajdari, Abolfazl Gheshlaghi , Aida Shakiba, Shirin Haghighat, Marzieh Jamalidoust, Jamal Sarvari ,
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background: The exact cause chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is still unknown. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) may play a role in the development of CLL, Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of CMV in patients with CLL and its relationship with blood and genetic factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2020 and October 2022 on 40 CLL patients that referred to Dr. Daneshbod Pathobiology Laboratory (Shiraz, Iran). After taking blood and separating the buffy coat, viral DNA was extracted using a commercial DNA extraction kit and the CMV burden was measured using Real-time PCR assay. Moreover, a blood cell count test was performed. The amount of lactate dehydrogenase of the serum was measured using the kit. Also, common chromosomal disorders and CD38 marker related data were extracted from the file patients. SPSS software and Student's t-test were used to result analysis.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.25 ± 10.49 years. Of the 40 patients, 28 were men (70%). The average number of white blood cells was 46.06±1.49* 109, which was significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.031). Real-time PCR results showed that two patients (5%) have detectable amounts of CMV virus genome. The level of lactate dehydrogenase, CD38 marker, and the number of malignant cells in male and female patients did not differ significantly (p=0.362). Moreover, chromosomal abnormalities include deletions in 11q (ATM) and 17P (TP53), were observed in 3 (7.5%) and 4 (10%) patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Our finding indicated the CMV might not involve in the pathogenesis of CLL disease. More studies are recommended for clarify this finding.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2020 and October 2022 on 40 CLL patients that referred to Dr. Daneshbod Pathobiology Laboratory (Shiraz, Iran). After taking blood and separating the buffy coat, viral DNA was extracted using a commercial DNA extraction kit and the CMV burden was measured using Real-time PCR assay. Moreover, a blood cell count test was performed. The amount of lactate dehydrogenase of the serum was measured using the kit. Also, common chromosomal disorders and CD38 marker related data were extracted from the file patients. SPSS software and Student's t-test were used to result analysis.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.25 ± 10.49 years. Of the 40 patients, 28 were men (70%). The average number of white blood cells was 46.06±1.49* 109, which was significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.031). Real-time PCR results showed that two patients (5%) have detectable amounts of CMV virus genome. The level of lactate dehydrogenase, CD38 marker, and the number of malignant cells in male and female patients did not differ significantly (p=0.362). Moreover, chromosomal abnormalities include deletions in 11q (ATM) and 17P (TP53), were observed in 3 (7.5%) and 4 (10%) patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Our finding indicated the CMV might not involve in the pathogenesis of CLL disease. More studies are recommended for clarify this finding.
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