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Awareness, attitude and behavior toward using microwave in health care workers of shahid beheshti university
Zainab Moradi, Tayebeh Marashi, Ali Ramezankhani,
Volume 81, Issue 10 (January 2024)
Abstract
Background: In the last decade, the use of microwave ovens throughout the world, including Iran, has increased significantly. Therefore, it is important to understand the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of microwave oven use among employees of the Eastern Health Center to promote safe and responsible practices in the workplace. Assessing their familiarity and attitudes with microwave ovens, this study aims to identify potential areas for improvement and training. This, in turn, can create a safer and more efficient work environment for all involved.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study in 2022, the study population was all employees working in the health center and comprehensive health service centers affiliated with the East of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, numbering 162 people. The research tool was a questionnaire adapted from Nadiri's thesis (2015). After collecting the questionnaires, the data was obtained by SPSS 26 software and were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.
Results: Although the attitude (36.35±3.579) and the behavior (61.16±6.402) towards using microwave ovens are favorable, there is still room for improvement of knowledge and awareness. Knowledge has a positive and significant effect on behavior (P=0.002, B=0.245) and attitude (P=0.001, B=0.263), which shows that improving knowledge about the safe and responsible use of microwave devices can lead to behavior. and a more favorable attitude among employees. In addition, the attitude has a strong positive and significant effect on behavior (P=0.001, B=0.417), and promoting a positive attitude toward using microwave devices can also lead to more favorable behavior. However, the relatively weak effect of awareness on attitude indicates that other factors may also play a role in determining the attitude toward using microwave devices.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of educational and awareness campaigns to promote the safe and responsible use of microwave devices among healthcare workers.

The impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with berberine supplementation on hematological parameters in middle-aged men with pre-diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Mehdi Nikseresht, Valiollah Dabidi Roshan , Khadijeh Nasiri,
Volume 81, Issue 10 (January 2024)
Abstract
Background: Exercise programs can lead to different physiological adaptations, but the effects of low-volume, low-frequency HIIT protocols with varying interval structures have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to explore the impact of HIIT with high compression (HC) and low compression (LC), with or without berberine (BBR) supplementation, on hematological parameters in pre-diabetic men.
Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted between October and December 2021 at Mazandaran University. Fifty-four overweight/obese men with a mean age of 48.6±6.6 years, a body mass index of 30.7±7.3 kg/m², and a body fat percentage of 34.4±4.3% were randomly and equally divided into one of six groups: HC, LC, HC+BBR, LC+BBR, BBR, and control. The HC group (2:1 work-to-rest ratio) and LC group (1:1 work-to-rest ratio) underwent training programs comprising 2-4 sets of 8 exercises at an intensity of 80-95% of their maximum heart rate twice a week for 8 weeks. Hematological responses to Bruce's incremental exercise test were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test, with a significance level set at P<0.05.
Results: Baseline hematological indices showed no significant differences between pre-diabetic and non-diabetic groups (all, P>0.05). Following the 8-week intervention, there were significant decreases in white blood cells (WBCs) in the LC and LC+BBR groups, and in lymphocytes across all intervention groups except BBR (all, P<0.05). Additionally, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels showed significant reductions in the HC and HC+BBR groups (both, P<0.05). However, in response to Bruce's incremental exercise test, a significant decrease in WBCs was observed in the LC and LC+BBR groups, with reductions of 18% and 25%, respectively (both, P<0.05).
Conclusion: The LC protocol, even without berberine supplementation, seems to provide better immunological benefits and result in less hemolysis compared to the HC protocol, as evidenced by reductions in white blood cell counts.

Mobile applications as a new way to health: a systematic review
Negar Heidari , Fatemeh Rajati , Mojgan Rajati, Paria Heidari,
Volume 81, Issue 11 (February 2024)
Abstract

                                                                  
Background: Management of chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, requires a comprehensive long-term care plan. Adherence to self-management behaviours is crucial in improving health outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with these conditions. The research highlighted in this review study aimed to explore the potential of mobile health technology in enhancing primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases. By providing personalized interventions, mobile applications can play a significant role in supporting individuals in the self-management of their hypertension and diabetes, ultimately leading to better disease control and improved overall well-being.
Methods: The present study is a systematic review of research examining the impact of mobile application interventions on the self-management of hypertension and diabetes. The review analyzes studies published between July 2013 to March 2023, retrieved from the PubMed and Scopus international databases using keywords such as Mobile Health, mHealth, adherence, Hypertension, High Blood Pressure, and Diabetes.
Results: A total of 1398 abstracts were found, of which 12 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. The research indicates that mobile health (mHealth) applications have significant potential to optimize healthcare processes and facilitate improved access to health information. These digital tools can combine various treatment methods with attractive, user-friendly solutions that allow patients to actively monitor a range of health indicators, such as diet, body weight, blood pressure, mood, and sleep patterns. By enabling this type of continuous self-monitoring, mHealth apps can empower individuals to take a more active role in managing their well-being. Additionally, these applications can facilitate greater collaboration between healthcare providers, patients, and their families, thereby enhancing the overall coordination and accessibility of care. As such, mHealth technologies can be effectively leveraged in conjunction with traditional medical services to improve health outcomes and expand access to critical health information.
Conclusion: The present study found a significant increase in mobile health app usage. To understand the real, long-term impact of this technology on health, further longitudinal studies are needed. Comprehensive research is crucial to guide the development of effective digital health interventions that can improve individual and population outcomes over time.


Evaluation of obstacles to receive tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute ischemic stroke in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia
Hamidreza Mehryar, Payman Atabaki, Abass Riyahi, Mohammad Reza Amiri Nikpour,
Volume 81, Issue 11 (February 2024)
Abstract
Background: The emergence of thrombolytic drugs has opened new horizons in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke, and this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the barriers of receiving tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute ischemic stroke in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from April 21, 2015 to March 19, 2016 on patients with acute ischemic stroke referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia using census sampling method. To collect data, a checklist containing demographic information was used. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics.
Results: In this study, the results showed that out of 100 patients, most of the participants were male (58%)58 and the rest were female, and the average age was 63.71±17.3 years, and 86% were in the age range of 18-80 years, which was the appropriate age to receive or thrombolytics. and the rest were over 80 years old. The fastest visit time was 25 minutes and the latest was 10080 minutes (168 hours). Among these 40 people, only four people (40%) were in the golden time period of thrombolytic drug, i.e. Three hours from the onset of symptoms to the final evaluation. Among the four people who were placed in the golden time, in 50% of the cases there was a history of taking anticoagulants, in 25% a history of head injury, in 50% of the blood sugar less than 50 and finally 1 person (25% of the people placed in the golden time) that is, 1% of all patients were eligible to receive rtPA. About 24% of patients had NIHSS<4 and 2% had NIHSS>25, and the average number obtained was 10.
Conclusion: The most important obstacle in the timely initiation of thrombolytic therapy is the delay in visiting the emergency room. Therefore, public education in order to improve the level of general awareness of the society can be effective in reducing this time delay.

A guide for conducting exploratory factor analysis in medical science research using SPSS: a brief report
Jafar Hassanzadeh, Haleh Ghaem Maralani , Fatemeh Jafari , Aboubakr Jafarnezhad,
Volume 81, Issue 11 (February 2024)
Abstract
Background: It is necessary to examine different dimensions of psychometrics in different sciences, and paying attention to the accuracy and precision of the results can lead to the construction of reliable and valid tools; In this article, exploratory factor analysis has been done using SPSS software, version 26.
Methods: This research was a brief report that was conducted between 30 January 2023 to 10 October 2023. Reliability means reproducibility and continuity of results in the same conditions, and validity means matching the test with the purpose for which it was designed. Validity includes face, content, criterion and construct validity. To determine construct validity, various methods are used including: convergent validity, divergent validity, internal consistency and factor analysis. Factor analysis is a method that aims to simplify a complex set of data and allows researchers to find a specific pattern among many variables and complex relationships between them which includes exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis is a statistical technique that is used to estimate hidden factors or variables and reduce the large number of variables.
Results: exploratory factor analysis is a statistical method that is used by reducing the number of variables and exploring the underlying structure of a large set of variables with the aim of discovering factors or hidden variables, and its basic assumption is that any variable may be related to any factor. It tries to use factor loadings to discover the factorial structure of the data and by identifying the basic structures, grouping the factors by considering the common meaning of the variables.
Conclusion: Reliability means repeatability and validity of the degree of accuracy of the results which are measured through different methods. Exploratory factor analysis uses construct validity measurement methods to simplify the data and provide more reliable and valid tools, so it is very important to pay attention to the accurate and correct measurement of the results in the validation of health system tools.

Application of bone cements based on ceramic and polymer in orthopedic surgeries: a review article
Naeemeh Kalali, Sogand Mirshah, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimzadeh , Bibi Fatemeh Kalalinia, Ali Moradi, Azar Gharib, Nafiseh Jirofti ,
Volume 81, Issue 12 (March 2024)
Abstract
For over 50 years, bone cement has been used to strengthen artificial joints like hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. The main purpose of bone cement is to fill the space between the prosthesis and the bone. This absorbs the forces on the joint by creating an elastic area. Besides ensuring the long-term stability of the artificial implant, it also improves the damaged bone. Polymeric bone cement consists of a polymer matrix known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a liquid monomer called methyl methacrylate (MMA). When these two components are mixed, a free radical polymerization reaction occurs, leading to the cement's hardening at the place of use. The properties of bone cement, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and handling characteristics, can be adjusted by combining the effective polymerization parameters. However, there are some challenges, such as heat generation during polymerization.
Ceramic bone cement is a composite material of ceramic particles dispersed in a polymer matrix, including calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate. The ceramic particles provide strength and bioactivity, while the polymer matrix enhances the transport properties of the cement. This combination results in a mechanically stable, bone-conductive, and biocompatible cement. Moreover, ceramic bone cement can be engineered to release therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics or growth factors, to prevent infection and foster bone regeneration. Ceramic bone cement is a promising alternative material for bone cement in joint replacement. However, more research and development are required to optimize the properties of bone cement and overcome the challenges associated with its use. With continued advancements in biomaterials, ceramic and polymer bone cement could revolutionize the field of orthopedic surgery and improve patient outcomes. Recent research has focused on developing new bone cement with improved properties like bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and drug delivery capabilities. These developments aim to enhance the performance of bone cement and remove the current limitations in orthopedic applications. In this review study, we will focus on the types of bone cement, their mechanical, biological, and structural properties, and how to optimize them.

Relationship between maternal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes: a cross-sectional study
Lida Saeed, Niusha Bahmanpoor, Robabe Hosseinisadat, Fatemeh Karami Robati ,
Volume 81, Issue 12 (March 2024)
Abstract
Background: One of the factors affecting the outcome of pregnancy is the primary body mass index (BMI) and the amount of weight gain during pregnancy. This study aimed to check the relationship between mother's initial body mass index and weight gain in pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 455 pregnant women referred to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran, from August 2021 to August 2022. These pregnant women were included in the study through easy and accessible sampling. The mother's initial weight was recorded through the mother's health card. The height of the mother was measured using a standard meter and the final weight of the mother before delivery was measured using a standard scale available in the department. Other information of the mothers was extracted from their records. Weight gain during pregnancy and initial body mass index were calculated and divided into four categories, less than normal, normal, overweight and obese. Maternal-fetal complications were included in the information registration form. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods and SPSS version 24 software were used to analyze the data.
Results: The average age of women was 27.56±6.82 years. Body mass index of more than 40% of them (44.4%) was normal (19.8-26) and more than 45% of them were overweight 11.5-16 (45.5%). There was a significant relationship between initial body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy (P=0.001), gestational diabetes (P=0.001) and newborn weight (P=0.019). There was also a significant relationship between weight gain during pregnancy with premature birth (P=0.001), vaginal delivery (P=0.001), gestational diabetes (P=0.001) and newborn Apgar (P=0.001).
Conclusion: High body mass index of the mother and weight gain during pregnancy can cause complications in the mother and the fetus. Therefore, prenatal care should be done more carefully and health care providers should place mothers who have abnormal body mass index and inappropriate weight gain in pregnancy in the high-risk group and under special care to minimize maternal and fetal complications.

Investigation of the relationship between the dietary inflammation index and the dietary phytochemical index with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases
Parastoo Beknejadi, Davoud Vahabzadeh, Esmaeil Yousefi Rad , Somayeh Saboori , Koroush Ghanadi , Mehdi Birjandi,
Volume 81, Issue 12 (March 2024)
Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in recent years has raised concerns about its significant risks for public health. According to previous studies, a diet with low phytochemicals and high inflammatory index is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, we intend to investigate the relationship between inflammatory diet and phytochemical diet with NAFLD.
Methods: In this case control study, 112 newly diagnosed patients with NAFLD referred to the Shahid Rahimi Hospital clinic in Khorramabad between January 1400 and April 1401 and 112 healthy individuals without NAFLD and any other chronic diseases as the control group, with the range 23-59 years old were selected. General information, demographics, physical activity level and food intake were collected using general information questionnaire, physical activity questionnaire and valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The energy received between the people of the two groups was adjusted. People's diet was divided into two anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory groups based on the DII index based on the score quartiles.
Results: The results showed a significant relationship between DII score and NAFLD in the crude model (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.04 -4.73), model I (adjusted for energy and age classification) (OR: 2.4, 95% CI:1.07-5.58), model II (adjusted for model I+physical activity, sex, education) (OR:2.77, 95% CI:1.14-6.77) and model III (model II+BMI) (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 0.81-5.71) and DPI score and NAFLD the crude model (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.32-1.47), model I (adjusted for energy and age classification) (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 1.29-5.58), model II (adjusted for model I+physical activity, sex, education) (OR:0.58, 95% CI: 0.23-1.44) and model III (model II+BMI) (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.24-1.75).
Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed an inverse relationship between following an anti-inflammatory diet and the risk of NAFLD. However, there was no correlation between receiving a diet with a high phytochemical index and NAFLD.

Evaluation of emergency department crowding of Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia based on EDWIN index in 2020
Hamidreza Mehryar, Mohammad Rafiei,
Volume 81, Issue 12 (March 2024)
Abstract
Background: Overcrowding in the emergency department is considered as a problem of the public health system, and the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the overcrowding in the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia based on the EDWIN index.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out cross-sectionally from March 21, 2019 to March 19, 2020, using a simple random sampling method in patients referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. Which was used to collect information from the demographic information checklist and the EDWIN index was calculated. Then the information was entered into SPSS18 software and analyzed with the help of descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: In this study, the results showed that in terms of the frequency of triage level, 5.4% was level one, 65.6% was level two, 26.3% was level three, 2.7% was level four and there was no disease in level five. In terms of shift, 22.5% visited the hospital in the morning shift, 27.6% in the evening shift and 49.9% in the night shift. The average EDWIN index was 2.7±0.75 on holidays and 5.9±4.6 on non-holiday days. Although emergency room congestion was more on non-holiday days, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.15). Also, the average of EDWIN in the morning shift was 2.5±2.3, in the evening shift it was 0.71±2.16 and in the night shift it was 9.7±5.8 and even though the average of EDWIN in the night shift was higher than in the evening and night shifts, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.06).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that on most of the investigated days, the emergency room was evaluated as crowded based on the EDWIN criteria. Also, there is no significant difference between the busyness of the emergency room according to the holiday or working day, as well as the morning, evening and night shift.

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