Showing 23 results for Abdi
Abdi S, Khalessi Mh, Naderpour M,
Volume 64, Issue 10 (2 2006)
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to describe the audiologic and related characteristics of a group patient with speech perception affected out of proportion to pure tone hearing loss. A case series of patient were referred for evaluation and management to the Hearing Research Center.To describe the clinical picture of the patients with the key clinical feature of hearing loss for pure tones and reduction in speech discrimination out of proportion to the pure tone loss, having some of the criteria of auditory neuropathy (i.e. normal otoacoustic emissions, OAE, and abnormal auditory brainstem evoked potentials, ABR) and lacking others (e.g. present auditory reflexes).
Methods: Hearing abilities were measured by Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and Speech Discrimination Scores (SDS)), measured in all patients using a standardized list of 25 monosyllabic Farsi words at MCL in quiet. Auditory pathway integrity was measured by using Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Otoacoustic Emission (OAE) and anatomical lesions Computed Tomography Scan (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) of brain and retrocochlea. Patient included in the series were 35 patients who have SDS disproportionably low with regard to PTA, absent ABR waves and normal OAE.
Results: All patients reported the beginning of their problem around adolescence. Neither of them had anatomical lesion in imaging studies and neither of them had any finding suggestive of conductive hearing lesion. Although in most of the cases the hearing loss had been more apparent in the lower frequencies (i.e. 1000 Hz and less), a stronger correlation was found between SDS and hearing threshold at higher frequencies. These patients may not benefit from hearing aids, as the outer hair cells are functional and amplification doesn’t seem to help though, it was tried for all.
Conclusion: These patients share a pattern of sensory –neural loss with no detectable lesion. The age of onset and the gradual deterioration are remarkable. It seems that this is a new category of sensory –neural haring loss which deserves more attention.
Abdi Masooleh F, Kaviani H, Khaghanizade M, Momeni Araghi A,
Volume 65, Issue 6 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Burnout is one of the most important factors in reduced productivity in organizations and involves physical and mental signs, especially in the human service professions. The role of nurses in the healthcare system is vital and motivation to ensure health security is extremely important. We carried out this research to examine the relationship between burnout and mental health in the nursing staff of educational hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 nurses selected via probable multistage sampling. We used three instruments in this study: 1) demographic questionnaire 2) General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and 3) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).
Results: On the whole, using the MBI subscale, we found low levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and high levels of reduced sense of personal accomplishment, both in frequency and intensity. The prevalence of symptomatic samples in the GHQ-28 was 43%, and two variables, burnout and poor mental health, were related (p<0.001). Burnout was to be related to gender, age and years of work. The correlation between poor mental health and years of work as well as hours of work in a week were significant.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation between poor mental health and burnout. Furthermore, the prevalence of symptomatic samples detected in our study using the GHQ-28 was much higher than that reported in studies of the general population. The high prevalence of symptomatic samples and high prevalence of burnout in the dimension of self accomplishment, especially in younger nurses, combined with the strong correlation between poor mental health and burnout all show that care should be taken to improve the stressful conditions that nurses face.
Nooshiravanpour P, Tirgari F, Ghaffari S R, Abdirad A,
Volume 65, Issue 9 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Nonlethal genetic damage is the basis for carcinogenesis. As various gene aberrations accumulate, malignant tumors are formed, regardless of whether the genetic damage is subtle or large enough to be distinguished in a karyotype. The study of chromosomal changes in tumor cells is important in the identification of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes by molecular cloning of genes in the vicinity of chromosomal aberrations. Furthermore, some specific aberrations can be of great diagnostic and prognostic value. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is used to screen the entire genome for the detection and/or location chromosomal copy number changes.
Methods: In this study, frozen sections of 20 primary breast tumors diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma from the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were studied by CGH to detect chromosomal aberrations. We compared histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.
Results: Hybridization in four of the cases was not optimal for CGH analysis and they were excluded from the study. DNA copy number changes were detected in 12 (75%) of the remaining 16 cases. Twenty-one instances of chromosomal aberrations were detected in total, including: +1q, +17q, +8q, +20q, -13q, -11q, -22q, -1p, -16q, -8p. The most frequent were +1q, +17q, +8q, -13q, similar to other studies. In three cases, we detected -13q, which is associated with axillary lymph node metastasis and was reported in one previous study. The mean numbers of chromosomal aberrations per tumor in metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors was 1.5 and 1, respectively. No other association between detected chromosomal aberrations and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were seen.
Conclusion: Since intermediately to widely invasive carcinomas are more likely to have chromosomal aberrations, CGH can be a valuable prognostic tool. Furthermore, CGH can be used to detect targeting molecules within novel amplifications which holds the potential for a new therapeutic approach for intractable cancer.
Abdi Liaie Z, Soudbakhsh A, Atarod L, Toogeh Gh, Nakhjavani M, Mousavipanah P, Ashidari B, Amini M, Shakeri F, Hashemi S, Samei Sh,
Volume 65, Issue 12 (2 2008)
Abstract
Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an iron-containing protein, is found in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils (PMNs), and catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions (Cl) into hypochlorous acid, which plays an important role in oxygen-dependent bacterial killing. The enzyme was first isolated in 1941, and deficiency of MPO was first described in 1954. Fewer than 5% of patients with MPO deficiency contract severe infections, which are usually fungal infections in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Besides the disorder in antifungal activity, diminished rate of bacterial (S. aureus) killing, and carcinogenesis, it seems that MPO deficiency is also related to atherosclerosis, degenerative neurologic diseases, as well as other disorders. In this study, we compared the levels of the MPO enzyme in the peripheral neutrophils of infected and non-infected DM patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2005-2006. We compared these two groups the prevalence of MPO deficiency in each group, in order to then determine any correlations this may have with infection.
Methods: In this case-control study, 50 patients were in the infected group (case group) and 50 were in the control group. Patients were chosen using simple sampling methods. Data was gathered from blood samples, using a qualitative test to determine MPO deficiency (Kaplow stain), laboratory results (BUN, Cr, PMN, HbA1c), interviews and completion of a questionnaires, as well as hospital records. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using T test and chi-square test, with a confidence index of 0.05.
Results: In spite of differences seen in stained slides, the MPO enzyme was positive in all of the patients, and no differences were seen between the two groups.
The average patient age and the duration of DM in the case group were more than those of the control group. No statistical differences in the type of DM and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were found between the two groups. Body mass indexes (BMI) and PMN counts were higher in the case group. The most prevalent infections were in the skin and soft tissue, bones and joints, as well as chronic respiratory infections (TB), pneumonia, urinary infections, CNS infections, gastrointestinal and intra-abdominal infections, mucormycosis, and sepsis.
Conclusions: We found no correlation between MPO enzyme deficiency and age, sex, type or duration of DM, HbA1c levels and BMI.
Sadighi S, Mohagheghi Ma, Haddad P, Omranipoor R, Moosavi Jarrahi Ar, Meemari F, Raafat J, Abdi Rad A, Khatib Simnani R, Shahriyaran S, Shahbazkhani B, Khalili N,
Volume 66, Issue 9 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Although postoperative chemoradiotherapy should be considered for all patients at high risk for recurrence of adenocarcinoma of the stomach, curative surgery occurs in less than 50% of nonmetastatic gastric cancers. A regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin and infusional fluorouracil improves survival of patients with incurable locally-advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. So we assessed the perioperative regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin and infusions 5FU (TCF) and postoperative chemoradiotherapy to improve outcomes in patients with potentially resectable gastric adenocarcinoma.
Methods: Between March 2005 and March 2008, we 100 enrolled patients with stage II to IV (M0) adenocarcinoma of the stomach who had not been treated previously. Treatment consisted of three preoperative and one postoperative cycles of TCF followed by chemoradiotherapy. The primary end point was overall survival. The secondary end points were progression-free survival and toxicity of treatment.
Results: A total of 100 patients participated, 83 of whom received neoadjuvant and 17 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Seventy-five patients underwent at least D0 gastrectomy. After chemotherapy, tumor stages were significantly lower than before beginning the protocol. Out of 100 patients, 44 had stage IV before chemotherapy versus 15 after the treatment. Three patients showed complete pathologic response. The median survival time was 25 months.
Conclusion: Docetaxel, cisplatin and 5FU combination chemotherapy is an active preoperative treatment in locally advanced gastric cancer. Perioperative chemoradio-therapy should be considered as an option to lengthen patient survival.
Abdi Z, Alijani N,
Volume 70, Issue 2 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in individuals infected with HIV and its incidence increases with progressive immunosuppression. Thrombocytopenia due to AIDS is divided into primary and secondary forms and primary HIV associated thrombocytopenia (PHAT) is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in these patients.
Case presentation: The patient was a 35-year old man with HIV since 1996, who was admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital in August of 2010 with petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis around the eyes and on the limbs and subconjunctival hemorrhage. In laboratory investigation, platelet count was 5000/µL. After ruling out the secondary causes of thrombocytopenia, Primary HIV Associated Thrombocytopenia (PHAT) was diagnosed. Due to the presence of severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding symptoms and considering the fact that antiretroviral agents require 4- 6 weeks to reach therapeutic effects, prednisone and antiretrovirals (AZT) were prescribed. After about two weeks of steroids administration, platelet count reached 50,000/µL and about eight weeks after antiretroviral (AZT) therapy platelets reached nearly 140,000/µL.
Conclusion: Prednisone can be used safely in conjunction with antiretrovirals for primary thrombocytopenia in HIV infected patients with severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding symptoms.
Talebi-Taher M, Latifnia M, Javad-Moosavai Sa, Adabi M, Rastgar Lari A, Fatahi Abdizadeh M, Babazadeh Sh,
Volume 70, Issue 9 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the serious complications of ventilatory support, occurring in ICUs. The aim of this study was to determine various risk factors associated with the acquisition of Acinetobacter infection and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the ICUs of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran during the year 2011. A total of 51 endobronchial aspirates from intubated patients who had been clinically diagnosed to have VAP were studied bacteriologically. The in vitro susceptibility was determined by disk-diffusion and broth microdilution MIC methods.
Results: Out of 51 patients with VAP, 35 (66.66%) had positive cultures for Acineto-bacter species. In vitro susceptibility test revealed that a high percentage of isolates were resistant to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, third generation cephalosporines, and aminoglycosides.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial resistance of gram negative bacteria, particularly Acine-tobacter species, is increasing and preventive measures need to be taken as a matter of urgency.
Farin Soleimani, Farzaneh Zaheri, Fatemeh Abdi,
Volume 71, Issue 9 (December 2013)
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are one the most important causes of death in the world and therefore are considered as one of the major health problems. Global statistics demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of low birth weight in the developing countries. Low birth weight infants are exposed to complications such as major neurosensory impairements, cerebral palsy, cognitive and language delays, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness and hearing loss, behavioral and psychosocial disorders, learning difficulties and dysfunction in scholastic performances. The majority of infant's death and developmental disorders were due to disorders relating to prematurity and unspecified low birth weight. Infants weighing less than 2500 g, is a major determinant of both neonatal and infant mortality rates and, together with congenital anomalies (e.g., cardiac, central nervous system, and respiratory), contributes significantly to childhood morbidity. Various studies indicate that low birth weight infants are suffering from physiological and psychosocial disabilities, two to three times more than the other children. At school age, preterm and low birth weight infants have poorer physical growth, cognitive function, and school performance. These disadvantages appear to persist into adulthood and therefore have broad implications for society. Although the survival rates have increased dramatically and the incidence of morbidities has decreased, the complications are still considered to be associated with economical and social burdens. Most children with Low birth weight suffer from multiple disabilities. Therefore, they need special and consistent care. On demand of reducing the infant mortality rate, the need to decrease the complications in low birth weight and preterm infants should be considered by the policy makers in health care system. In this review article, we assessed current evidences on developmental outcomes of low birth weight and preterm newborns.
Amirnader Emami Razavi , Gholam Basati , Soheila Abdi ,
Volume 72, Issue 1 (April 2014)
Abstract
Background: The intestinal absorption of fatty acids may take place through simple diffusion as well as through protein carrier mediated transport, although the relative importance of each pathway is dependent on the ambient condition of entrocytes. Cad-mium ion influences the absorption of fatty acids in entrocytes. However, the effect of cadmium ion on the absorption of fatty acids in different pH values has not been evalu-ated yet. Especially, the luminal pH of small intestine has an essential role in the ab-sorption of fatty acids. In the present study we aimed to evaluate reciprocal effects of cadmium ion and pH of intestine lumen on the absorption of fatty acids in rat model.
Methods: In this experimental research, 3 months old Wistar rats (45 rats) were used for experiments. After killing the rats, their intestine was removed and the duodenum and jejunum segments were dissected. Everted Gut Sacs (EGS) were prepared from these duodenum and jejunum segments. The sacs were filled with buffer solution and incubated in a medium containing an appropriate concentration of oleic acid. Then the amounts of oleic acid that had been absorbed into the EGSs in the presence and absence of cadmium ions under different conditions of pH, was measured.
Results: Findings of the study demonstrated that the luminal pH of small intestine was effective on the oleic acid uptake and the inhibitory effect of cadmium ions on the up-take of the acid was influenced by pH condition, so that this inhibitory effect was 32% and 36% at the alkaline pHs 7.5 and 9.2, respectively (P< 0.05). At the acidic pHs, 2.5 and 4.5, the inhibitory effect reduced to 11% and 5%, respectively (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Cadmium ion decreased fatty acid uptake by small intestine in rats, and the acidic pH of intestine lumen could attenuate the inhibitory effect of cadmium ion.
Yasaman Alipour , Asieh Abbassi Daloii , Alireza Barari , Ahmad Abdi ,
Volume 73, Issue 9 (December 2015)
Abstract
Background: Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin (ucOC) may contribute to the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is special protein secreted by bone as an endocrine regulation of energy metabolism and glucose. It plays an important role in insulin secretion and sensitivity. The aim of this study was to survey the effect of eight weeks resistance training on serum levels of ucOC, adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in obese women.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study performed on twenty obese women (BMI> 30) in Amol City Sport clubs, Iran, in May 2014. Samples randomly divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group consisted of eight weeks of resistance training, three times a week in six stations (including the movements of the leg press, bench press, triceps, biceps, abdominal motion, pull side and half scott) and with an intensity of 55% to 75% of one repetition maximum. Blood samples were collected after 12- 14 hours, fast and before it and also after eight weeks (48 hours after the last training session). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to confirm that data was normally distributed. The obtained data was analyzed using paired-sample t-test, independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA at the significance level of P< 0.05.
Results: The results showed that resistance training had no significant effect on serum ucOC (P= 0.094) levels and insulin sensitivity (P= 0.178) in obesity. However, the experimental group after resistance training showed significantly higher adiponectin level than the upper limit of normal range (P= 0.003). There was no relationship between adiponectin and ucOC.
Conclusion: Resistance exercise can increase levels of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and adiponectin in obese women. It can be said that this type of activity could possibly be effective in glucose hemeostasis.
Parviz Saleh , Kian Alipasandi, Mohammadamin Rezazadehsaatlou , Negar Azizi , Amin Abdi Raad ,
Volume 75, Issue 6 (September 2017)
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections are very common in patients with high blood pressure. Hypertensive patients experience an average of three times of urinary tract infection per year. Blood pressure control is very important for preventing complications and also for identifying high-risk groups. Since, there is no national related study in this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of chronic hypertension on the incidence and recurrence of urinary tract infections.
Methods: In this case-control study, the required data were collected from outpatient cases referring to Taleghani Hospital and Sina Hospital related to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in Tabriz city, Iran. Data needed for the control group included patients accompanying patients who had no symptoms of urinary tract infection and with no history of blood pressure.
| Results: 60 patients with urinary tract infections were examined: 57 (47.5%) of the subjects were men and 63 (52.5%) women. There was a significant relationship between the rate of red blood cell deposition in the first hour and systolic blood pressure. There was no significant correlation between the numerical value of white blood cell count and systolic or diastolic blood pressure in the studied patients. |
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, there was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure in patients ESR 1 hour (red blood cell deposition rate in the first hour) with hypertension in case and control groups. There was a significant correlation between the ESR of the first hour and systolic blood pressure in the study, so that with an increase in ESR 1h, the systolic blood pressure increased in the examined patients, however, no significant correlation was found between ESR 1hour and diastolic blood pressure. Also, there was no meaningful correlation between the numerical value of white blood cell count and systolic or diastolic blood pressure in the studied patients. There was no significant correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and age.
Saber Soltani , Abolfazl Davoodabadi, Abbas Farahani, Mahsa Dastranj , Masomeh Amini , Navid Momenifar , Shirin Poorabdi , Hojat Veisi ,
Volume 76, Issue 1 (April 2018)
Abstract
Immunotoxins such as pseudomonas exotoxin are Molecules with a unique structure like toxin-antibody part. These immunotoxins are two functional which crossing the cell membrane and enters the target cell and destroy the cell. Toxin-based treatments are a widespread research field and can have broad applications in the biology and public health. Immunotoxins act selectively against cancer cells and have a good potential for detecting and targeting cancer cells. Specific immunotoxins to target immune cells due to the selection type antibody and antibodies are responsible for the identification of the target cells. Cancer is becoming a major cause of death in most developed countries. In order to have a strong factor in cancer repression, that agent must target the cancer cells directly and specifically. Often, but not always, immunotoxins are produced for disabling and killing cancer cells, that this issue is one of new therapeutic approaches in recently. Clinical aims to designing and create new cancer therapies focused with this approach, a lot of information about the toxin and intracellular pathways have been obtained. So, toxins in medicine are useful for the treatment of human disease and study of professional cellular functions. So, immunotoxins have a high potential for cancer treatment. Other applications of immunotoxins, including immune system regulation and treatment of viral diseases and parasites diseases. More research is needed to improve the immunotoxin effects and to reduce their side effects. On the whole, with design creative, clever and experienced programs, many human diseases, particularly cancers can be in a short period of time and faster than other methods of treatment that the treatment of long, to be treated. Following the design and implementation of clinical trials, the effects of immunotoxins on animal tumorigenic models were performed. In fact, in this study, we focus on the use of protein-bound toxins with bacterial and herbal sources and more specifically Pseudomonas immunotoxins which attached to antibodies to target cancer cells.
Esmat Abdi , Saeid Latifi-Navid , Hamid Latifi-Navid , Saber Zahri, Abbas Yazdanbod ,
Volume 76, Issue 6 (September 2018)
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It has been proposed that the specific genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are the causative agents in the development of gastroduodenal diseases, such as chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcerations, and GC. However, disease progression to GC occurs in only a small proportion of infected patients. Recently, we identified a novel polymorphic site in the 3ʹ-end region of H. pylori vacA gene. The vacA c1 genotype increased the risk of GC. This association was independent of and larger than the associations of the m-, i-, and d-type of vacA or cagA status with GC. Therefore, treatment of H. pylori infection may be an effective way to prevent GC. Expression of cytokines and their associations with inflammatory responses has been shown. Several cytokine polymorphisms, such as IL-1B, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α have been considered as risk factors for GC. It has been shown that the interaction of bacterial genotypes and host factors plays an essential role in developing GC. Several altered molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of GC. Micro-RNAs are small, non-coding RNAs of 18-25 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of target mRNAs. Expression pattern of cancer cells is different compared with the normal cells. Micro-RNAs plays a critical role in apoptosis and classified in two groups: pro- and anti-apoptotic agents. Recent studies have confirmed the oncogenic or tumor suppression role of micro-RNAs in cancer cells. They play a significant role in the GC cell physiology and tumor progression, by translational suppression of target genes. These small RNAs have therefore emerged as a new type of GC biomarker with immeasurable clinical potential. Generally, a variety of micro-RNAs involved in different stages of cancer, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Considering to this issue more than 50% of cancers can be cured, if they were diagnosed in the early stages. Hence, identifying the biomarkers of GC could play an important role in prevention, early diagnosis and rapid treatment of patients. In this review article, we have reviewed the latest findings about bacterial and tissue biomarkers of GC
Narges Khodaparast, Nazila Malekian, Zahra Vahabi, Davood Fathi, Shahram Oveisgharan, Farzad Fatehi, Siamak Abdi,
Volume 78, Issue 5 (August 2020)
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer dementia as the most common cause of dementia is a chronic, progressive, irreversible and incurable disease. The second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer is vascular dementia. One of the systems involved in dementia is the visuospatial system and visual evoked potential (VEP) can be one of the diagnostic methods for this disease. Therefore, the present study aims to compare visual evoked potential changes in Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia and patients with minimally conscious impairment (MCI) with healthy people.
Methods: A case-control study was performed on referred clients to Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2015 to September 2016. Patients with cognitive impairment went through Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) test and divided into three groups of Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia and patients with minimally conscious impairment. Subjects with normal cognition were included in the control group. The visual evoked potential test was performed on all participants in two Methods: pattern shift visual evoked potential (Ps-VEP) and flash visual evoked potential (f-VEP) and results were compared between groups.
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Results: Forty patients were studied in four groups (three patient groups and one control group). 70 percent in Alzheimer group and 60 percent in vascular dementia group had abnormal pattern shift visual evoked potential. Only in Alzheimer group visual evoked potential P100 latency was significantly higher than control group and in other groups, there was no significant difference. Also there was no significant difference between groups in the study of flash visual evoked potential variables including P1, N2, P2 and N3.
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Conclusion: This study showed that only Alzheimer was associated with a significant increase in visual evoked potential P100 latency. On the other hand the other hand, there was no significant difference in flash visual evoked potential variables including P1, N2, P2 and N3 between different groups which shows that flash visual evoked potential cannot differentiate between Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, patients with minimally conscious impairment and normal people.
Negin Shaterian, Fatemeh Abdi,
Volume 78, Issue 5 (August 2020)
Abstract
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Nasibeh Roozbeh, Azam Amirian, Fatemeh Abdi ,
Volume 78, Issue 9 (December 2020)
Abstract
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Negar Abdi, Iraj Abedi, Mozafar Naserpour , Masoud Rabbani,
Volume 79, Issue 6 (September 2021)
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and the second leading cause of death in all countries of the world. The exact mechanism of prostate cancer is not known. On the other hand, early detection of prostate cancer can lead to a complete cure. Several clinical experiments including Digital Rectum Examination (DRE), biochemistry such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), and pathology such as Trans Rectal Ultra Sonography (TRUS) are used to assess the size and spread of prostate cancer. In this study, the relationship between mean serum PSA and Gleason score as a standard method in patients with prostate cancer was compared using the parameters extracted from DCE MRI.
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Methods: This applied-fundamental study was performed on 90 patients with prostate cancer, according to McDonald's criteria who were referred to Shafa Imaging Center in Isfahan, from March 2020 to October 2020. Quantitative analysis is based on modeling the change of concentration of the contrast agent using pharmacokinetic modeling techniques. The pathologist then determined the Gleason score using anatomical landmarks (such as prostate urethra) in the same areas suspected of being cancerous. Existing commercial software captures DCE-MRI data and creates parametric maps such as Ktrans and Kep maps that can be used for diagnostic purposes.
Results: Kep and Ktrans maps showed a significant difference between healthy and cancerous tissue. Kep and Ktrans in prostate cancer were significantly higher than in healthy tissue (P<0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between DCE-MRI parameters and histopathological findings. No significant relationship was observed between Gleason score and DCE MRI parameters.
Conclusion: DCE MRI parameters significantly improve the accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer and are useful and effective for diagnosis, management, and evaluation of men with prostate cancer, but should not be considered as a substitute for tissue biopsy.
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Farzaneh Kianian, Mehri Kadkhodaee, Behjat Seifi, Fariba Akhondzadeh, Kamal Abdolmohammadi , Arash Abdi, Mina Ranjbaran,
Volume 79, Issue 8 (November 2021)
Abstract
Background: In the present study, we hypothesized that conditioned medium (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem cells attenuates the brain oxidative stress in sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model.
Methods: This study was performed in the Department of Physiology at Tehran University of Medical Sciences from August 2018 to April 2019. Conditioned medium was collected from mesenchymal stem cells isolated from rat's adipose tissues at the second culture passage. Male Wistar rats weighting (220-250 g) were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=8 each): Sham, Sepsis and CM. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture model in the Sepsis and CM groups. Animals in the CM group received the conditioned medium from 5×10
5 mesenchymal stem cells (2 h after sepsis induction, i. p., 3-5 mL). The systolic blood pressure and O2 saturation were measured 24 h after the treatment. The plasma and brain tissue samples were taken for inflammatory and oxidative stress assessment, respectively.
Results: Septic rats showed a significantly lower systolic blood pressure and O2 saturation level. They also had a significant increase in the plasma inflammatory indices (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and brain malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as a significant reduction in the brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to the Sham group. The CM group had significantly higher systolic blood pressure and O2 saturation level compared to the septic rats. The animals in the CM group showed a significant attenuation in the plasma inflammatory indices (TNF-α and IL-6) and brain MDA content while having a significantly higher brain SOD activity compared to the Sepsis group.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that conditioned medium derived from mesenchymal stem cells has protective effects in preventing the inflammatory and oxidative stress status and may be suggested as a promising treatment in patients suffering from sepsis and septic shock. |
Behzad Hatami , Saeed Abdi , Hosein Noori, Hamid Mehrad,
Volume 80, Issue 1 (April 2022)
Abstract
Background: Exposure to lead, damages vital organs and is now a global concern. Toxic effects of lead on the liver and thyroid gland have been mentioned previously, sometimes with conflicting results. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess changes in liver and thyroid function tests in patients with lead poisoning.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 100 patients with clinical evidence of lead poisoning who were referred to Loghman-e-Hakim hospital in Tehran from April to December 2018. Also, another 100 participants with the matched sex and age, a history of opium use, and exposure to lead or non-work-related metals, and with normal lead levels, were considered as a control group. Demographic information was collected by a trained researcher by reviewing hospital records or interviewing participants. To monitor lead levels in the control group, 5 ml of venous blood was collected from the antecubital vein at 7 to 8 am in sterile tubes containing EDTA as an anticoagulant. Serum lead levels were assessed by GBC Avanta atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Values in the two groups were compared. SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Il, The USA) was used for data analysis. A P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean level of serum lead in case and control groups were 63.0±12.4 μg/dL and 6.0±2.1 μg/dL, respectively with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). However, Alkaline phosphatase (ALKp), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (p<0.001). The thyroid-stimulating hormone in patients with lead poisoning (0.3±0.04 MIU/L) was significantly lower than those in the control group (2.5±1.23) (P=0.04).
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Conclusion: Lead poisoning could potentially damage liver function and elevate liver enzymes. Moreover, it can also affect the levels of TSH and levothyroxine. Understanding the exact mechanisms might help to control The hepatotoxic effects of lead in patients. Also, knowing the pattern of elevated liver enzymes and thyroid hormones changes might help discriminate lead poisoning with other differential diagnoses.
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Parisa Abdi, Zakieh Vahedian, Atefeh Dehghani, Mona Safizadeh, Elias Khalilipour ,
Volume 81, Issue 5 (August 2023)
Abstract
Congenital cataract refers to the presence of any opacity in the lens at birth or during early childhood. Cataracts in children can manifest as unilateral or bilateral, congenital or acquired, with specific inheritance patterns or occurring sporadically. Additionally, the condition can be stable or progressive. Congenital cataracts can be associated with certain systemic diseases, or they may occur in the eye of an otherwise healthy child in isolation. Congenital cataract is one of the main causes of blindness in childhood. According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2001, congenital cataract is responsible for about 5 to 20 percent of cases of childhood blindness in the world based on different geographical regions. Untreated cataract in children leads to a tremendous social, economic and emotional burden for the child, family and society. Common complaints associated with congenital cataracts often include leukocoria (white pupil), reduced vision, a child's inability to track objects up close, light sensitivity leading to eye closure, squinting, the presence of either small eyes (microphthalmos) or large eyes (buphthalmos), strabismus (eye deviation), and abnormal eye movements such as nystagmus. Childhood cataract-related blindness can be cured with early detection and appropriate management. Managing pediatric cataracts is a challenge. Increased intraoperative complications compared to adults, tendency to increase postoperative inflammation, associated with complications such as aphakic glaucoma and persistent fetal vasculature, change in refractive status of the eye, and tendency to develop amblyopia, all complicate the achievement of good vision. Congenital cataract has a good prognosis if it is diagnosed early and surgery is performed before 6 weeks. Factors that may adversely affect the outcome, include the presence of unilateral cataract, presence of nystagmus, strabismus, or any ocular defect such as microphthalmos and PFV. Pediatric cataract surgery has evolved over the years, and with improved knowledge about myopic shift and axial growth, outcomes for these patients have become more predictable. Optimal results depend not only on effective surgery, but also on careful postoperative care and visual rehabilitation. Hence, it is the combined effort of parents, surgeons, anesthesiologists, pediatricians and optometrists that can make the difference.
