Search published articles
Showing 111 results for Rahimi
Parvin Bastani , Sakineh Hajebrahimi , Fariba Ghaderi , Zahra Vakilazad , Morteza Ghojazadeh ,
Volume 74, Issue 7 (October 2016)
Volume 74, Issue 7 (October 2016)
Abstract
Background: Dyspareunia is a pain that is occurs in the genital area before, during or after intercourse and is an important factor for sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor physical therapy on sexual function and muscle strength and endurance of pelvic floor (as a non-invasive therapy) in women with dyspareunia.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 32 women in the age range of 20-50-year-old and sexually active with complaints of dyspareunia, before the investigation were examined in terms of genital health and strength and endurance of the pelvic floor muscles. After the confidence of mental health, patients underwent pelvic floor rehabilitation for 10 sessions during 3 months. After assessment, myofascial release techniques and progressive pelvic floor muscles exercise was performed for patients based on their primary strength. Finally, patients were compared in terms of the severity of dyspareunia, sexual performance status (by using female sexual function index questionnaire), improvement of symptoms, pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance before (first session of physiotherapy) and after (after 3 months) investigation.
Results: In the remaining 32 patients with dyspareunia with a mean age of 38±1.24 years, desire index score 0.95 unit, arousal index score 1.01 unit, lubrication index score 0.67 unit, orgasm index score 0.71 unit, satisfaction index score 1.03 unit, pain index score was increased 1.05 unit, strength index score 2.44 unit, endurance index score 7.06 unit were increased in comparison to before the investigation that showed a significant different with P< 0.0001.
Conclusion: According to obtained results, pelvic floor physical therapy had a significant effect in women with dyspareunia. So that the severity of dyspareunia, pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance had clinically significant improvement after pelvic floor physiotherapy.
Hassan Babamohamadi , Abbasali Ebrahimian , Fateme Paknazar , Hojat Torkamandi ,
Volume 74, Issue 7 (October 2016)
Volume 74, Issue 7 (October 2016)
Abstract
Background: The ability to recognize the severity of the disease in those who their survival depend entirely on admission to the intensive care unit, is very valuable clinically. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of modified sequential organ failure assessment (MSOFA) scale to predict mortality and length of stay in intensive care unit patients respectively.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted on hospital records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. All patients’ records who admitted to the intensive care unit of Kowsar Hospital, Semnan city (the capital of the province), Iran, in 2015 considered as the sample. Collecting data were done during 4 weeks in April and May 2016. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and modified sequential organ failure assessment scale. Exclusion criteria included discharge in the first 24 hours after admission, the patient died a few hours after admission and incomplete information to complete the modified sequential organ failure assessment form.
Results: The study of 105 patients' records of the intensive care unit showed that 45.7% of patients were died, 15.2% and 39% were discharged and moved to other wards respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that this criterion had moderate sensitivity and specificity for prediction of mortality and length of stay in ICU patients (Area=0.635, CI= 0.527-0.743) and each unit increase in modified sequential organ failure assessment score is accompanied by increasing 32 percent chance of death (OR=1.325; 95% CI:1.129,1.555; P= 0.001(. Also each unit increase in modified sequential organ failure assessment (MSOFA) score accompanied by increasing 19% length of stay in ICU (OR=1.191; 95% CI: 1.034, 1.371; P= 0.015(.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the modified sequential organ failure assessment scale is not useful tool to predict the length of stay and mortality of patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Farid Suleimani Mohammadi , Abbas Rahimi Foroushani , Mohsen Rokni , Mohammad Farahmand , Kazem Ahmadi Kia , Azadeh Shadab , Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha, Jila Yavarian ,
Volume 74, Issue 11 (February 2017)
Volume 74, Issue 11 (February 2017)
Abstract
|
Background: Schizophrenia (SC) and bipolar disorder (BD) are two chronic psychiatric illnesses with worldwide distribution. People could be involved at any age, particularly in early adolescence. Main symptoms of SC are non- affective symptoms such as auditory hallucination and illogical thinking. In contrast, BD represents affective symptoms such as depression and mania. Although the main cause of these mood disorders has been remained elusive, there are some potential contributing factors that could be considered in the pathogenesis of mentioned illnesses including, genetic and environmental factors. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the probable contributing factors in SC and BD. CMV is a prototype of herpesviridae family which may infect different cell types such as endothelial and differentiated hematopoietic cells. CMV infections in immunocompromised patients as well as congenitally infected children represent CNS complication such as microcephaly and hearing loss. This virus has capability to impair the limbic structures in brain. Methods: This descriptive study was designed to evaluate the role of CMV in these illnesses. We investigated the level of serum IgG antibody and the presence of CMV DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples of 46 SC and BD patients admitted to Iran Psychiatry Hospital Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2015 as well as 46 healthy control groups at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. First, the level of CMV IgG antibody was evaluated in serum samples, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, DNA extraction conducted by using the high pure viral nucleic acid kit (Roche, Germany). Serologically positive sera along with PBMC samples were tested by Real-time PCR, to investigate the presence of CMV DNA. Results: Results indicated higher levels of CMV IgG antibody in psychiatric patients, compared with a healthy control group. Afterward, we did not observe the presence of CMV DNA in either case or control groups. Conclusion: According to the CNS impairment mediated by CMV infection, this virus has been supposed to play an important role in pathogenesis of mental disorders such as SC and BD. We suggest further investigation to be conducted, particularly on other samples such as cerebrospinal fluid. |
Homa Mohseni Kouchesfahani , Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough , Jafar Ai , Azam Rahimi ,
Volume 74, Issue 12 (March 2017)
Volume 74, Issue 12 (March 2017)
Abstract
Background: Small molecule Purmorphamin (PMA) is the agonist of smoothened protein in Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway. Effect of purmorphamin small molecule on differentiation of mesenchymal cells into bone tissue has been studied previously. Use of Shh causes progression of neural differentiation, and the differentiated cells express specific neural markers. Neurofilament (NF) and acetylcholine esterase (Chat) are specific markers of motor neurons and their expression in differentiated cells indicates their conversion into motor neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of PMA to differentiate the human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) into motor neurons.
Methods: This analytical study was done in Tehran University of Medical Sciences laboratory on September of 2015. In this study hEnSCs were enzymatically extracted from endometrial tissue. After third passages, the flow cytometry was done for mesenchymal stem cells markers. The mesenchymal stem cells were divided into control and differentiated groups. FBS 10%+DMEM/F12 was added to the culture medium of control group and the differentiating group was treated with differentiating medium containing N2, PMA, DMEM/F12, FBS, B27, IBMX, 2ME, FGF2, RA, BDNF. After 21 days immunocytochemistry (ICC) test was done for the expression of NF and Chat proteins and Real-time PCR analysis for expression of neural markers such as NF, Chat, Nestin and GFAP (as glial marker) at mRNA level.
|
Results: The flow cytometry analysis showed that hEnSCs were positive for mesenchymal markers CD90, CD105 and CD146 and negative for endothelial marker CD31, and hematopoietic marker CD34. The immunocytochemistry and Real time-PCR results showed that the cells treated with PMA expressed motor neuron markers of NF and Chat. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that small molecule PMA has the potency to induce the differentiation of hEnSCs into neural cells, specifically motor neurons by activating Shh signaling pathway. |
Reza Ebrahimi Rad, Mohammad Reza Zarbakhsh Bahri , Samira Sarabi ,
Volume 75, Issue 1 (April 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 1 (April 2017)
Abstract
|
Background: Nowadays, stroke can be considered as the one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. However, relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level with stroke early prognosis has not been well studied, especially in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the relationship between CRP level of serum in patients with acute stroke at first 24h of admission and stroke early prognosis. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed on 50 patients with acute stroke who were admitted at Emergency Ward of Shahid Rajaie Hospital, in Tonekabon City, Iran, between May 2013 to July 2014. In first step, valid clinical diagnosis was made based on CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patients. The ethical observations were considered for all patients. The serum level of CRP was measured by standard method, at first 24h of the admission. Clinical information and risk factors (age, gender, type of stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus) was detected for each patient. On discharge, early prognosis by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (mRS< 3= good and mRS≥ 3= bad) was also recognized. In this study, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, and logistic regression method was used (P< 0.05). Results: The results of this study showed that 38% of the patients were 70-80 years old. Also, 52% of the patients were male and 48% were female. The serum CRP level of patients at the first 24h of admission increased in all studied patients. The mean of the serum CRP level was 12.82 that were higher than the normal range. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the serum CRP level and the stroke early prognosis. Conclusion: Although the serum CRP level was not recognized as an anticipator factor for stroke prognosis at this study, it is recommended to performance of more studies by case-study method on this setting. |
Kamran Ebrahimi , Shaker Salarilak , Kamal Khadem Vatan ,
Volume 75, Issue 3 (June 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 3 (June 2017)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the world that is mostly due to vascular disease. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most lethal form of coronary heart disease Which is increasing in developing countries. This study was done to calculate and compare lost years of life due to death and disability for the most important cause of death (myocardial infarction) in the studied population.
|
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Urmia university of Medical Sciences in Western Azerbaijan Province, Iran during 2012 to 2013. Confirmation of the occurrence of myocardial Infarction in hospitalized patients was based on clinical symptoms, changes in electrocardiogram and increases of cardiac enzymes (CK-M Band Troponin). The burden of health from Myocardial Infarction was calculated- using the disability adjusted life years index (DALY). The morbidity data of MI was collected from myocardial infarction Registration System Department of Health, and mortality data were extracted based on death registration ICD10 (I 20-25). Results: The total occurrence of MI was 7235 patients (60.6% men and 39.4% women) with the mean ages of 69±15 years. Number of disability adjusted life years (DALY) caused by MI was 53804 years (17.7 per thousand people) and the portion of early death Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature death was 52170 years (17.1 per thousand people), and Years of Life Lost (YLD) due to disability resulting from the disease was 1634 years (0.54 per thousand people). The disease burden in men was more than in women, and the greatest burden was in the age group of 80 and above in both sexes. Prevalence rate of the MI was estimated 376 (Per hundred thousand people) and the MI accounted for 18.8% of all causes of death. |
Conclusion: The high burden of myocardial infarction, especially in men, raises the incidence of Myocardial Infarction a health priority and the need for proper planning in order to take effective measures for the prevention and treatment.
Salman Daliri , Khairollah Asadollahi , Nazila Rahimi, Kourosh Sayehmiri ,
Volume 75, Issue 9 (December 2017)
Volume 75, Issue 9 (December 2017)
Abstract
Background: The deficiency of enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is among the most common genetic diseases in human. The deficiency of G6PD enzyme is one of the most common encountered enzymes, affecting about 400 million people and causing a wide range of undesirable clinical complications worldwide. The performed studies have reported a variety of statements about the relationship between malaria and survival of people with defect, but these kinds of studies are limited in Iran. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of G6PD deficiency among newborns in malarious areas of Fars province.
Methods: The present study was conducted ecologically and descriptively-analytically on 59745 neonates with G6PD deficiency in Fars province, Iran from April 2011 to March 2015. To determine the defect, a point fluorescence test and Kimia commercial kit (KimiaPajoohan Co., Tehran, Iran) were used. To determine the areas with malaria, factors associated with malaria-causing cells in Fars province, including the presence of carriers, the presence of malaria, the incidence of new malaria and the presence of malaria activated sites were studied. The incidence of defect was calculated using the statistical method of estimating the annual incidence rate. ArcGIS software, version 10.3 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) was used to provide geographic mappings and distribution patterns in malarious areas.
Results: The total incidence of G6PD deficiency in newborns was estimated as 15.58 per 100 live births, including 16.25 for boys and 14.85 for girls. The incidence of this defect in malaria-prone areas was higher than other areas. As a region was more malaria-prone, the incidence of G6PD deficiency increased too, which was statistically significant (P= 0.039).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, Fars province is among areas with high incidence of G6PD deficiency. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in malaria-prone areas of Fars province, Iran, is higher than other regions, which indicates better survival of patients against malaria in the past.
Methods: The present study was conducted ecologically and descriptively-analytically on 59745 neonates with G6PD deficiency in Fars province, Iran from April 2011 to March 2015. To determine the defect, a point fluorescence test and Kimia commercial kit (KimiaPajoohan Co., Tehran, Iran) were used. To determine the areas with malaria, factors associated with malaria-causing cells in Fars province, including the presence of carriers, the presence of malaria, the incidence of new malaria and the presence of malaria activated sites were studied. The incidence of defect was calculated using the statistical method of estimating the annual incidence rate. ArcGIS software, version 10.3 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) was used to provide geographic mappings and distribution patterns in malarious areas.
Results: The total incidence of G6PD deficiency in newborns was estimated as 15.58 per 100 live births, including 16.25 for boys and 14.85 for girls. The incidence of this defect in malaria-prone areas was higher than other areas. As a region was more malaria-prone, the incidence of G6PD deficiency increased too, which was statistically significant (P= 0.039).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, Fars province is among areas with high incidence of G6PD deficiency. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in malaria-prone areas of Fars province, Iran, is higher than other regions, which indicates better survival of patients against malaria in the past.
Niloufar Majdabadi, Mehraban Falahati , Fariba Heidarie-Kohan , Shirin Farahyar , Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam, Mahtab Ashrafi-Khozani ,
Volume 75, Issue 11 (February 2018)
Volume 75, Issue 11 (February 2018)
Abstract
Background: 2-phenylethanol is a colorless and aromatic compound with antimicrobial effects which is used extensively in perfumes and cosmetics, as well as in the food industry. Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis is a vulvovaginal inflammation which is caused by Candida spp. Resistance to clotrimazole which is one of the most common drugs in the treatment of this disease was reported in many patients. In order to improve the treatment, the effect of 2-phenyl ethanol was investigated in combination with clotrimazole on Candida species isolated from chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Methods: This interventional study was performed in Iran University of Medical Sciences from February, 2016 until December, 2016 on Candida species isolated from women with chronic candidial vulvovaginitis who had been referred to Lolagar Hospital of Tehran. All specimens were examined by direct microscopy, culturing on Candida CHROMagar medium (to primary identification), sabouraud dextrose agar medium) to preservation the isolates) and determining the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence (in order to final determination of Candida species). Then clotrimazole and 2-phenyl ethanol alone and in combination, was examined on isolated species, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 protocol (micro-broth dilution method). Finally, findings were analyzed.
Results: From 40 detected strains of Candida species in this study, 95% were Candida albicans and 5% were Candida africana. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of clotrimazole were 24.73±28.87 µg/ml and 30.18±33.004 µg/ml, respectively and the mean MIC and MFC of 2-phenylethanol were 2580±932.38 µg/ml and 3200±1403.29 µg/ml, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of clotrimazole were 16 and 64 µg/ml, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of 2-phenylethanol were both 3200 µg/ml. Most of the isolates were resistant to clotrimazole (82.5%). In combination test, the mean MIC of 2-phenylethanol and clotrimazole alone were 3200±0 µg/ml and 56±40.16 µg/ml, respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) range was 0.14-0.37. Also, there was a significant difference between clotrimazole MIC values alone and in combination (P= 0.021).
Conclusion: The synergistic effect was observed in combination of clotrimazole and 2-phenylethanol.
Methods: This interventional study was performed in Iran University of Medical Sciences from February, 2016 until December, 2016 on Candida species isolated from women with chronic candidial vulvovaginitis who had been referred to Lolagar Hospital of Tehran. All specimens were examined by direct microscopy, culturing on Candida CHROMagar medium (to primary identification), sabouraud dextrose agar medium) to preservation the isolates) and determining the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence (in order to final determination of Candida species). Then clotrimazole and 2-phenyl ethanol alone and in combination, was examined on isolated species, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 protocol (micro-broth dilution method). Finally, findings were analyzed.
Results: From 40 detected strains of Candida species in this study, 95% were Candida albicans and 5% were Candida africana. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of clotrimazole were 24.73±28.87 µg/ml and 30.18±33.004 µg/ml, respectively and the mean MIC and MFC of 2-phenylethanol were 2580±932.38 µg/ml and 3200±1403.29 µg/ml, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of clotrimazole were 16 and 64 µg/ml, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of 2-phenylethanol were both 3200 µg/ml. Most of the isolates were resistant to clotrimazole (82.5%). In combination test, the mean MIC of 2-phenylethanol and clotrimazole alone were 3200±0 µg/ml and 56±40.16 µg/ml, respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) range was 0.14-0.37. Also, there was a significant difference between clotrimazole MIC values alone and in combination (P= 0.021).
Conclusion: The synergistic effect was observed in combination of clotrimazole and 2-phenylethanol.
Sepideh Mousazadeh , Atefeh Rahimi , Roya Gosili , Azadeh Ghaheri , Fatemeh Khaksar ,
Volume 76, Issue 3 (June 2018)
Volume 76, Issue 3 (June 2018)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder and one of the main reasons of infertility in women. PCOS causes many symptoms in women, one of the most important of them is ovulation failure. It affects the women at the age of fertility. Many factors are detected to exacerbate PCOS including insulin, anti-Mullerian hormone, obesity and androgen. The aim of this study was to evaluate endocrine and metabolic factors and its relation with obesity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in exacerbation of disease.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Caucasus Infertility Treatment Center of Ardabil from July 2015 to March 2016 and on 321 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Blood samples were investigated to measure serum levels of fasting insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), 17OHP, fasting blood sugar, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), anti-Mullerian hormone, vitamin D, total testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, FSH, LH and TSH. Also, body mass index (BMI), duration of infertility and age were measured. BMI was evaluated to measure the obesity of patients.
Results: We were able to demonstrate significantly high level of total testosterone and fasting insulin in PCOS women by having weight gain (P< 0.05). Response to drug was significantly increased with reduced weight of these patients (P= 0.02). The level of fasting blood sugar (P= 0.01) and anti-Mullerian hormone (P< 0.05) were increased significantly with access in PCOS. On the other hand, our data showed that duration of infertility was increased by growing the age of patients (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenism and metabolic syndrome are very important factors in pathogenesis of PCOS. These factors could affect the fertility of women by effecting the reproductive processes. Therefore, it is better in the patients who are older, treatment strategies further underline on reduce these factors (insulin resistance, obesity and hyperandrogenism) to prevent disease progression and increase duration of infertility.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Caucasus Infertility Treatment Center of Ardabil from July 2015 to March 2016 and on 321 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Blood samples were investigated to measure serum levels of fasting insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), 17OHP, fasting blood sugar, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), anti-Mullerian hormone, vitamin D, total testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, FSH, LH and TSH. Also, body mass index (BMI), duration of infertility and age were measured. BMI was evaluated to measure the obesity of patients.
Results: We were able to demonstrate significantly high level of total testosterone and fasting insulin in PCOS women by having weight gain (P< 0.05). Response to drug was significantly increased with reduced weight of these patients (P= 0.02). The level of fasting blood sugar (P= 0.01) and anti-Mullerian hormone (P< 0.05) were increased significantly with access in PCOS. On the other hand, our data showed that duration of infertility was increased by growing the age of patients (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenism and metabolic syndrome are very important factors in pathogenesis of PCOS. These factors could affect the fertility of women by effecting the reproductive processes. Therefore, it is better in the patients who are older, treatment strategies further underline on reduce these factors (insulin resistance, obesity and hyperandrogenism) to prevent disease progression and increase duration of infertility.
Hossein Shirvani , Amin Isanejad , Mostafa Rahimi , Behzad Bazgir , Ali Mohammad Alizadeh ,
Volume 76, Issue 5 (August 2018)
Volume 76, Issue 5 (August 2018)
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests that regular exercise training is effective in treating various aspects of cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic interval training on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) protein and expression of p53 gene in tumor of colon cancer mice.
Methods: The present study was conducted experimentally from May to October 2014 at the Exercise Physiology Research Center of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Twenty BALB/c mice of age 3 weekly with a mean weight of 17.6±1.4 grams were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: control (N=5), interval training (N=5), colon tumor (N=5) and interval training+colon tumor (N=5). The cancer was induced by subcutaneous injection of a carcinogenic azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) once a week for three weeks, and aerobic exercise was performed with rodent treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 days a week. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the mice were cleared and colon removed. Measurement of MCT1 protein was performed by ELISA and commercial kits (ZellBio, Germany). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the relative expression of p53 gene. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in MCT1 protein (P< 0.01) and significant reductions in p53 gene expression (P< 0.001) in a colon tumor group compared to other groups. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of MCT1 protein (P< 0.01) and significant increase in p53 gene expression (P< 0.001) in the exercise training group and exercise training+colon tumor group compared to control group and the tumor group was observed.
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that aerobic interval training reduced the protein content of MCT1 and increased the expression of p53 gene (as a tumor inhibitor) in the tumor of colon cancer mice. These factors are portions of the mechanisms involved in cancer cell metabolism by which aerobic interval training shows part of its therapeutic effect in colon cancer.
Methods: The present study was conducted experimentally from May to October 2014 at the Exercise Physiology Research Center of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Twenty BALB/c mice of age 3 weekly with a mean weight of 17.6±1.4 grams were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: control (N=5), interval training (N=5), colon tumor (N=5) and interval training+colon tumor (N=5). The cancer was induced by subcutaneous injection of a carcinogenic azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) once a week for three weeks, and aerobic exercise was performed with rodent treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 days a week. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the mice were cleared and colon removed. Measurement of MCT1 protein was performed by ELISA and commercial kits (ZellBio, Germany). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the relative expression of p53 gene. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in MCT1 protein (P< 0.01) and significant reductions in p53 gene expression (P< 0.001) in a colon tumor group compared to other groups. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of MCT1 protein (P< 0.01) and significant increase in p53 gene expression (P< 0.001) in the exercise training group and exercise training+colon tumor group compared to control group and the tumor group was observed.
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that aerobic interval training reduced the protein content of MCT1 and increased the expression of p53 gene (as a tumor inhibitor) in the tumor of colon cancer mice. These factors are portions of the mechanisms involved in cancer cell metabolism by which aerobic interval training shows part of its therapeutic effect in colon cancer.
Abbasali Ebrahimian , Ali Fakhr-Movahedi , Raheb Ghorbani , Hossein Ghasemian-Nik,
Volume 76, Issue 7 (October 2018)
Volume 76, Issue 7 (October 2018)
Abstract
Background: Hospital bed capacity is one of problems in intensive care unit during at the time of crisis, emergencies and disasters. At this regard, it seems reverse triage can resolve this issue by using predictive score systems. This study was purposed to develop a reverse triage system in intensive care unit using APACHE II scoring system for crisis, emergencies and disasters situations.
Methods: This study was performed by a prospective longitudinal design that lasted from March 2016 to February 2017. Research population were 420 internal patients that were admitted in intensive care units of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected and documented for each patient by demographic questionnaire and APACHE II scoring system daily until discharging time from intensive care units. The patient’s status after discharge from the intensive care unit was used as a criterion for statistical tests.
Results: APACHE II mean score in first day of admission was 18.9±16.20. Risk ratio of patients’ discharging from intensive care unit was 1.034. The patients were placed in four levels of inverse triage according to mortality rate and risk ratio. The scores of four levels were including: 0-10 (first level and green color), 11-16 (second level and yellow color), 27-71 (third level and black color) and 17-26 (fourth level and red color).
Conclusion: The Apache II system can be used as a tool for reverse triage in intensive care units during at the time of crisis, emergencies and disasters. When using this system for reverse triage, patients at the first to third levels can be discharged from intensive care unit. However, patients on the fourth level should not be discharged from intensive care units under any circumstances.
Methods: This study was performed by a prospective longitudinal design that lasted from March 2016 to February 2017. Research population were 420 internal patients that were admitted in intensive care units of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected and documented for each patient by demographic questionnaire and APACHE II scoring system daily until discharging time from intensive care units. The patient’s status after discharge from the intensive care unit was used as a criterion for statistical tests.
Results: APACHE II mean score in first day of admission was 18.9±16.20. Risk ratio of patients’ discharging from intensive care unit was 1.034. The patients were placed in four levels of inverse triage according to mortality rate and risk ratio. The scores of four levels were including: 0-10 (first level and green color), 11-16 (second level and yellow color), 27-71 (third level and black color) and 17-26 (fourth level and red color).
Conclusion: The Apache II system can be used as a tool for reverse triage in intensive care units during at the time of crisis, emergencies and disasters. When using this system for reverse triage, patients at the first to third levels can be discharged from intensive care unit. However, patients on the fourth level should not be discharged from intensive care units under any circumstances.
Azita Fathnezhad Kazemi , Sepideh Hajian , Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani , Mehdi Khabazkhob,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (January 2019)
Volume 76, Issue 10 (January 2019)
Abstract
Pregnancy as a natural event leads to changes in various aspects of physiology, psychology, and social life. The adoption of a health promoting lifestyle is an important strategy for achieving the desired outcomes of pregnancy and is important on the future health of mother and child. The aim of this study was to assess the various aspects of health promotion behaviors during pregnancy. The data was obtained with advanced search in the Iranmedex, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), IranDoc, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Articles containing full text were collected using the proper keywords for Persian articles and their equivalent in Mesh included “Health promotion" OR "Behavior health "OR “Health Promoting Lifestyle” AND pregnancy for English articles with a time limitation of 2010 to 2017. At first 3247 articles obtained after reviewing and evaluation of the references, 4 Persian and 25 English articles with observational and qualitative design were included. A review of studies showed that finding a way to pass pregnancy safely is the most important concern for mothers. Pregnant women do some actions to reach favorable outcomes and they have a high incentive to adopt health behaviors during pregnancy due to fear of fetal health, but there is some obstacle to adopt health behaviors including individual factors like that lack of time and inadequate information about pregnancy or health-related functions and social factors including health system problems and cultural factors. In addition age, level of education, individual’s beliefs and factors associated with pregnancy such as high-risk pregnancy and environmental factors such as social support and health system performance play an important role in the adoption of health behaviors. In order to increase the potential of pregnant women to adopt healthy behaviors, changing the health system approach and paying attention to social determinants of health, in order to carry out the necessary interventions, it is recommended to conduct qualitative studies and appropriate design for deep study of the subject in the cultural background.
Mahmoud Ebrahimi , Mohammad Karimi , Faranak Dehghani , Amir Biriaei , Nafiseh Farhadian, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh ,
Volume 77, Issue 3 (June 2019)
Volume 77, Issue 3 (June 2019)
Abstract
Background: Sesame oil can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, by reducing the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII. The aim of this study is to prepare a microemulsion containing sesame oil as a drug nanocarrier for improving the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of this vegetable oil on the reduction of the fibrinogen and factor VII levels in animal model.
Methods: This experimental study was performed for microemulsion preparation and animal test at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Cardiovascular Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, respectively, from April 2015 to January 2017. To prepare the microemulsion samples, Tween 80 and span 80 were selected as surfactant couple and surfactant ratios of 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1 were determined for construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The Zealand white rabbits were categorized in three groups: receiver of base diet group, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus microemulsion.
Results: The average particle size of the samples was in the range of 16.64±0.1 to 21.16±0.2 nm with a uniform particle size distribution. Zeta potential was in the range of -10.7 to 18.4 mV, refraction index was approximately 1.39. Electrical conductivity coefficient was in the range of 297 to 311 μz and pH of all the samples were approximately 6.42 for all samples. All of the microemulsion samples were physically stable and the prepared sample with 9:1 surfactant ratio was selected to investigate the animal test due to the higher oil percentage in comparison with the other samples that be stable over 6 months. Significant decrease in the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII in the third group of rabbits was observed compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the effective performance of nanostructured drug delivery systems in the form of microemulsion to improve the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of hydrophobic compounds such as vegetable oils.
Methods: This experimental study was performed for microemulsion preparation and animal test at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Cardiovascular Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, respectively, from April 2015 to January 2017. To prepare the microemulsion samples, Tween 80 and span 80 were selected as surfactant couple and surfactant ratios of 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1 were determined for construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The Zealand white rabbits were categorized in three groups: receiver of base diet group, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus microemulsion.
Results: The average particle size of the samples was in the range of 16.64±0.1 to 21.16±0.2 nm with a uniform particle size distribution. Zeta potential was in the range of -10.7 to 18.4 mV, refraction index was approximately 1.39. Electrical conductivity coefficient was in the range of 297 to 311 μz and pH of all the samples were approximately 6.42 for all samples. All of the microemulsion samples were physically stable and the prepared sample with 9:1 surfactant ratio was selected to investigate the animal test due to the higher oil percentage in comparison with the other samples that be stable over 6 months. Significant decrease in the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII in the third group of rabbits was observed compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the effective performance of nanostructured drug delivery systems in the form of microemulsion to improve the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of hydrophobic compounds such as vegetable oils.
Somayeh Moeindarbary , Raheleh Ebrahimi , Parvaneh Layegh , Aseyeh Maleki , Ali Pezeshkian ,
Volume 77, Issue 10 (January 2020)
Volume 77, Issue 10 (January 2020)
Abstract
Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis, with significant morbidity and mortality that are effectively reduced by antiviral treatment. Herpes simplex infection in pregnant women rarely results in encephalitis. The most common symptoms of a pregnant woman with herpes simplex infection are colds and skin vesicles. Herpetic encephalitis occurs during pregnancy in the third trimester in 60% of cases and with less prevalence in the second trimester. Among HSVs most, HSV-1 causes encephalitis. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are important as mortality decreases from 70% to 20-30%. This case report, reviews a pregnant woman with a diagnosis of herpes encephalitis due to seizure and consciousness disorder, which was negative in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and diagnostic studies.
Case Presentation: The patient was a 23-year-old woman with a gestational age of 29 weeks who presented with fever, headache, delirium, and cognitive impairment three days prior to admission following seizure. Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an increase in the cortical signal in the temporal lobe and PCR assay for the detection of herpes virus was negative. Magnetic resonance venography also showed an increase in the left maxillary sinus with differential diagnosis of herpetic encephalitis. Considering the symptoms of the patient with a strong suspicion of herpes simplex encephalitis, the patient was treated with acyclovir, which was associated with improvement of clinical symptoms. Finally, normal delivery was performed after 36 weeks of gestation.
Conclusion: Given that herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a rare and potentially dangerous and complicated disease, it is imperative for a pregnant patient with atypical symptoms to be identified with an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures.
Case Presentation: The patient was a 23-year-old woman with a gestational age of 29 weeks who presented with fever, headache, delirium, and cognitive impairment three days prior to admission following seizure. Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an increase in the cortical signal in the temporal lobe and PCR assay for the detection of herpes virus was negative. Magnetic resonance venography also showed an increase in the left maxillary sinus with differential diagnosis of herpetic encephalitis. Considering the symptoms of the patient with a strong suspicion of herpes simplex encephalitis, the patient was treated with acyclovir, which was associated with improvement of clinical symptoms. Finally, normal delivery was performed after 36 weeks of gestation.
Conclusion: Given that herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a rare and potentially dangerous and complicated disease, it is imperative for a pregnant patient with atypical symptoms to be identified with an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures.
Mojtaba Hedayat Yaghoobi , Mohammadmahdi Sabahi , Elahe Ghaderi , Mohammad Ali Seifrabiei , Farshid Rahimi Bashar ,
Volume 77, Issue 11 (February 2020)
Volume 77, Issue 11 (February 2020)
Abstract
Background: Health care associated infections (HAIs) are a class of infections that infect patients during hospital admissions and receive medical services. These infections occurs within 48 to 72 hours of admission and up to 6 weeks after discharge. Surveillance of device-associated infections (DAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) is substantial in planning healthcare strategies. This study was conducted to determine the device-associated infections' burden and antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, three common device-associated infections included central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLA-BSI), ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI), were assessed in intensive care units of Besat Hospital in Hamedan from April 2017 to April 2018. In order to determine the incidence of device-associated infections, the number of device-associated infection cases was calculated during the study period and divided into the number of device-days used. The device-days included all days of exposure to that device (vascular catheter, endotracheal tube (ventilator), or urinary catheter) in all patients in the study population.
Results: Out of 1806 intensive care unit admitted cases, 168 patients (9.3%) were device-associated infection with distribution of 92 cases (55%) of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), 56 cases (34%) of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) and 20 cases (11%) of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CL-BSI). The incidence of VAP, CA-UTI and CL-BSI was 44.7, 17.5, and 21.61 days, respectively. The most organisms were Acinetobacter (27.4%), Klebsiella (18.3%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (15.4%). Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) was 75%. Acinetobacter resistance to colistin and carbapenem was 16.8%. About half of Pseudomonas isolates were resistant to meropenem.
Conclusion: According to the present findings of this study, a high incidence of device-associated infections and resistant organisms in our intensive care units were documented, which represents a need to reinforce the preventive and control programs. Various results in different studies can be due to differences in the level of health care in different centers and countries.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, three common device-associated infections included central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLA-BSI), ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI), were assessed in intensive care units of Besat Hospital in Hamedan from April 2017 to April 2018. In order to determine the incidence of device-associated infections, the number of device-associated infection cases was calculated during the study period and divided into the number of device-days used. The device-days included all days of exposure to that device (vascular catheter, endotracheal tube (ventilator), or urinary catheter) in all patients in the study population.
Results: Out of 1806 intensive care unit admitted cases, 168 patients (9.3%) were device-associated infection with distribution of 92 cases (55%) of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), 56 cases (34%) of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) and 20 cases (11%) of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CL-BSI). The incidence of VAP, CA-UTI and CL-BSI was 44.7, 17.5, and 21.61 days, respectively. The most organisms were Acinetobacter (27.4%), Klebsiella (18.3%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (15.4%). Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) was 75%. Acinetobacter resistance to colistin and carbapenem was 16.8%. About half of Pseudomonas isolates were resistant to meropenem.
Conclusion: According to the present findings of this study, a high incidence of device-associated infections and resistant organisms in our intensive care units were documented, which represents a need to reinforce the preventive and control programs. Various results in different studies can be due to differences in the level of health care in different centers and countries.
Reza Hajati , Mohammad Masoud Rahimi Bidgoli, Mohammad Rohani , Afagh Alavi ,
Volume 78, Issue 2 (May 2020)
Volume 78, Issue 2 (May 2020)
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a rare set of inherited neurodegenerative disorders with abnormal accumulation of iron in basal ganglia. It is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by movement disorders, dystonia, dysarthria, Parkinsonism, intellectual disability, and spasticity. The age at onset varies from childhood to adulthood and the rate of progression is different among affected individuals. Although there is no information about the exact prevalence of NBIA in the world-wide, it is estimated less than 1/1,000,000 in population. NBIAs are inherited in autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or X-linked fashions. Until now more than 10 genes have been identified for this group of disorders. Among these, only two genes encode proteins that directly involved in iron metabolism. Therefore, how iron contributes to the pathogenesis of NBIA remains unknown. The remaining NBIA-causing genes participate in lipid metabolism, lysosomal functions or autophagy process, and the roles of some of them remain unknown. NBIA is categorized based on the genetic cause of the disease. PKAN, PLAN, MPAN, and BPAN are the most common forms of the disease result from mutations in the PANK2, PLA2G6, C19orf12, and WDR45 genes, respectively. The diagnosis of NBIA is usually based on clinical features and a specific pattern of brain MRI which results from the abnormal accumulation of iron. For example, the pattern of “eye of the tiger” is observed in the brain MRI of PKAN cases. Since, clinical evaluations and neuroimaging have failed in the diagnosis of the disease in some NBIA cases, genetic testing will be helpful. Development of whole-exome sequencing (WES) has facilitated the identification of disease-causing genes but it seems some of NBIA-genes have remained unknown, yet. Identification of novel genes and molecular pathways will enable a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular bases and our knowledge about the pathogenesis of the disease. There is currently no comprehensive study about the NBIA in Iran, however, the latest discovered NBIA gene, GTPBP2, has been identified in an Iranian family.
Mahdi Hamzehtofigh , Rezvan Rahimifar , Parvindokht Bayat,
Volume 78, Issue 2 (May 2020)
Volume 78, Issue 2 (May 2020)
Abstract
Background: The supratrochlear foramen (STF) is an important and relatively common anatomic variation in the lower end of the humerus in humans. In recent years it has become clear that STF should be emphasized because anatomical knowledge of STF is useful for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The anatomical structure of the humerus may play an important role in the intramedullary fixation thereby stressing the need of prior anatomical knowledge and preoperative planning in the presence of variations like STF in the distal end of the humerus. This study focuses on STF in the distal of the humerus bone and as well as the intertubercular sulcus (ITS) in the Iranian population.
Methods: This study was performed on 57 adult human humeral bones regardless of their gender at Arak University of Medical Sciences in Iran that it was done from October 2014 to March 2015. A total of 57 dried humerus (27 right side and 30 left side) were examined to determine the presence of supratrochlear foramen and septum. They were free from any pathological changes and fractures. The STF was analyzed for morphology and morphometric correlation.
Results: STF was found in only four cases (6.8%) of the humerus bones, two cases (3.4%) on the left and two cases (3.4%) on the right. The shape of the STF was oval, round and triangular. The mean STF transverse diameter in the right bones was 2.60±2.68 mm and in the left bones 0.57±0.31 mm and the mean vertical STF diameter in the right and left bones were 1.75±1.76 mm and 0.55±0.07 mm, respectively.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the shape of the STF and its number in the right and left bones. Twenty-seven bones (47%) out of 53 bones without supratrochlear foramen (STF) had septum.
Methods: This study was performed on 57 adult human humeral bones regardless of their gender at Arak University of Medical Sciences in Iran that it was done from October 2014 to March 2015. A total of 57 dried humerus (27 right side and 30 left side) were examined to determine the presence of supratrochlear foramen and septum. They were free from any pathological changes and fractures. The STF was analyzed for morphology and morphometric correlation.
Results: STF was found in only four cases (6.8%) of the humerus bones, two cases (3.4%) on the left and two cases (3.4%) on the right. The shape of the STF was oval, round and triangular. The mean STF transverse diameter in the right bones was 2.60±2.68 mm and in the left bones 0.57±0.31 mm and the mean vertical STF diameter in the right and left bones were 1.75±1.76 mm and 0.55±0.07 mm, respectively.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the shape of the STF and its number in the right and left bones. Twenty-seven bones (47%) out of 53 bones without supratrochlear foramen (STF) had septum.
Mohsen Soleimani , Rahimeh Nabavi , Nadia Karimi , Abbasali Ebrahimian ,
Volume 78, Issue 3 (June 2020)
Volume 78, Issue 3 (June 2020)
Abstract
Background: Uremic pruritus is one of the important problems in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Causing the mechanism of uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients is complex and multifactorial. Almost 60 percent of hemodialysis patients suffer from uremic pruritus. Oral hydroxyzine is a common treatment for uremic pruritus of this patients. This study aimed to survey effect of hydroxyzine on uremic pruritus of hemodialysis patients.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study (pre and post design) performed on 40 patients with eligible criteria. All of the hemodialysis patients who suffer from pruritus received a tablet of hydroxyzine 25 mg daily for 6 weeks. In this time, drugs and the plan of hemodialysis were constant. Pruritus score of patients, evaluated with 5-D pruritus scale that had 8 items with 5-score Likert scale and evaluate duration, direction, disability, and distribution of pruritus. Severity scores of pruritus before and after treatment with tablet of hydroxyzine were compared. This study was conducted on hemodialysis patients in the Soodeh Center of Hemodialysis in the south of Tehran, Iran, from September 2016 to February 2017.
Results: The findings of this study showed that most of the patients in this study were male (55%) with mean age of 55.97±11.59 years. The most cause of chronic renal failure in these patients was diabetes (37.5%). This study showed that 32.5% of the hemodialysis patients had moderate to severe uremic pruritus. The mean score of pruritus before the treatment with hydroxyzine was 16.73±3.4 and the most effect of this drug was in the social activity item (2.47±0.6). After treatment with hydroxyzine, the mean score of pruritus in the patients was 9.65±2.15 that was decreased significantly (P<0.001). The findings showed that there was no significant relationship between decrease of pruritus and characteristics of patients.
Conclusion: This study showed that uremic pruritus is still a challenge in hemodialysis patients. According to this study use of hydroxyzine, regardless of uremic pruritus mechanism, could be decreased uremic pruritus of hemodialysis patients.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study (pre and post design) performed on 40 patients with eligible criteria. All of the hemodialysis patients who suffer from pruritus received a tablet of hydroxyzine 25 mg daily for 6 weeks. In this time, drugs and the plan of hemodialysis were constant. Pruritus score of patients, evaluated with 5-D pruritus scale that had 8 items with 5-score Likert scale and evaluate duration, direction, disability, and distribution of pruritus. Severity scores of pruritus before and after treatment with tablet of hydroxyzine were compared. This study was conducted on hemodialysis patients in the Soodeh Center of Hemodialysis in the south of Tehran, Iran, from September 2016 to February 2017.
Results: The findings of this study showed that most of the patients in this study were male (55%) with mean age of 55.97±11.59 years. The most cause of chronic renal failure in these patients was diabetes (37.5%). This study showed that 32.5% of the hemodialysis patients had moderate to severe uremic pruritus. The mean score of pruritus before the treatment with hydroxyzine was 16.73±3.4 and the most effect of this drug was in the social activity item (2.47±0.6). After treatment with hydroxyzine, the mean score of pruritus in the patients was 9.65±2.15 that was decreased significantly (P<0.001). The findings showed that there was no significant relationship between decrease of pruritus and characteristics of patients.
Conclusion: This study showed that uremic pruritus is still a challenge in hemodialysis patients. According to this study use of hydroxyzine, regardless of uremic pruritus mechanism, could be decreased uremic pruritus of hemodialysis patients.
Mohammadreza Amirsadri , Amir Houshang Zargarzadeh , Farimah Rahimi, Fatemeh Jahani,
Volume 78, Issue 4 (July 2020)
Volume 78, Issue 4 (July 2020)
Abstract
Background: Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran. Cancer treatment is very costly and chemotherapy drugs are one of the main causes of the high cost of cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost of chemotherapy drugs of five most common cancers and identifying the factors might affect the costs of chemotherapy drugs in a one of the large provinces of Iran, located in the center of the country.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the data of all patients with five common cancer diagnosed from March 2015 to March 2016 in Isfahan Province in Iran were collected from the Cancer Registry Center of Isfahan, as well as the pharmacies which distribute chemotherapy drugs. The required information (including, patient characteristics, type of cancer, and the costs of chemotherapy) of patients was obtained by linking the information of patients registered in the distributor pharmacies with the patients registered at the Isfahan Cancer Registry Center through the national code of the patients.
|
Results: Breast, skin, colorectal, stomach and thyroid cancers were the most common cancers within the evaluated period of time in Isfahan Province. Colorectal cancer with an annual average total cost of 110,510,720 IRR (Rials) per patient was the most expensive cancer during the evaluated time period while thyroid cancer with an annual average total cost of 40,791,123 IRR per patient was the least costly cancer within the evaluated time period in Isfahan among the five most common cancers, considering the chemotherapy medicines cost. The highest cost in the colorectal cancer was due to the drug cetuximab distributed under the trade name Erbitux®. Regardless of the cancer type, the mean annual total cost of chemotherapy drugs per patient within the considered period of time calculated to be 96,307,145 IRR.
Conclusion: The chemotherapy cost of the common cancers was high with an annual average of more than 96 million IRR (Rials) per patient, within the considered time period. This was particularly true for colorectal cancer with an annual average cost of more than 110 million Rials. |
Mahboobeh Shirazi, Elham Feizabad, Nesa Rajabpoor Nikoo , Fatemeh Rahimi Sharbaf, Maedeh Rahmanzadeh,
Volume 78, Issue 11 (February 2021)
Volume 78, Issue 11 (February 2021)
Abstract
Background: For every pregnant woman, it is possible to have a child with chromosomal abnormalities. Although this possibility is not very high, by performing screening tests and considering the mother's background factors, we can largely realize the real extent of this possibility.
Many comorbidities (like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity) and high-risk exposures (like alcohol consumption) seem to have an important role in the development of chromosomal abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of a positive first-trimester screening test in the pregnant women.
Methods: This case-control study was done on pregnant women, who were referred to Yas Hospital for their first-trimester screening tests between April 2018 and February 2020. Of those who had positive screening test results, only ones with abnormal biochemical tests, were included in the study regardless of nuchal translucency (NT) examination results and were considered as cases, and the women with normal screening test results were considered as controls.
Many comorbidities (like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity) and high-risk exposures (like alcohol consumption) seem to have an important role in the development of chromosomal abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of a positive first-trimester screening test in the pregnant women.
Methods: This case-control study was done on pregnant women, who were referred to Yas Hospital for their first-trimester screening tests between April 2018 and February 2020. Of those who had positive screening test results, only ones with abnormal biochemical tests, were included in the study regardless of nuchal translucency (NT) examination results and were considered as cases, and the women with normal screening test results were considered as controls.
|
Results: Totally 960 pregnant women (760 controls and 200 cases) participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 31.07±0.17 years old with a minimum age of 17 and a maximum age of 45. The averge age of case group women was 33.57±0.40 years and this was 30.41±0.18 years in control group.
This study indicated that maternal age (P<0.001) and the number of pregnancies in the case group are significantly (P<0.001) higher than the control group. Also, having a history of miscarriage (P<0.001), having a history of infertility (P<0.001), and having hypothyroidism (P=0.030) are significantly more common in the case group. The frequency of intrauterine growth failure (P=0.003) and neonatal hospitalization (P<0.001) were also significantly higher in the case group. Conclusion: Despite recent advances in the prenatal field, the accuracy of screening tests may still vary depending on maternal age and other existing characteristics. Hence, it seems considering the mother's background characteristics are important just the same as the screening test results. |
Related Websites
Site Keywords
Cardiology, Anatomy, Biology, Epidemiology, Immunology, Neuroscience, Physical therapy, Physiology, Dermatology, Endocrinology and metabolicSite Statistics
- Registered users: 7800 users
- Online users: 1 users
- Guest users: 337 users
- All visits: 16277123 visits
- Visits in 24 Hours: 10124 visits
- Total articles: 11346 articles
- Published articles: 4954 articles
© 2025 , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, CC BY-NC 4.0
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb