Showing 472 results for SS
Masoomeh Asgar Shirazi , Zahra Omidi, Hossein Dalili , Mamak Shariat, Seyed Reza Raeeskarami, Zeynab Kaviani, Mojtaba Fazel,
Volume 82, Issue 3 (June 2024)
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among pregnant women and can lead to maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the mother's vitamin D serum level and the infant's anthropometric indices and neurodevelopment.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on a group of pregnant women who visited Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from September to March 2020. Demographic information and anthropometric characteristics of the newborn were collected using the medical record. Blood samples were collected at the time of delivery to evaluate the mother's vitamin D status, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using standard laboratory procedures. The neurodevelopment of infants was assessed at the age of 6 months through the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ). Data analysis included using descriptive statistics to summarize maternal and neonatal characteristics. The relationships between maternal serum vitamin D levels, neonatal anthropometric indicators, and neurodevelopmental outcomes were examined through Spearman's rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests.
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Results: In total, 123 pregnant women participated in this study, with a mean age of 31.41 years (±5.75). The mean birth weight, height, and head circumference of the neonates were 3208.33 grams (±706.05), 34.32 cm (±3.91), and 50.33 cm (±2.30), respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlations between maternal serum vitamin D levels and the infants' weight (P=0.318), height (P=0.531), or head circumference (P=0.241). Furthermore, there was no significant association between maternal vitamin D levels and any of the assessed neurodevelopmental domains at six months (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: While this study did not find a positive correlation between the mother's vitamin D serum level and the anthropometric indices and neurodevelopmental domains of infants at six months, it is important to interpret these results cautiously due to the study's limitations. Thus, it is advisable to conduct prospective cohort studies with large sample sizes in diverse demographics nationwide.
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Fatemeh Parsa , Fariborz Bagheri, Hossein Mahdian,
Volume 82, Issue 3 (June 2024)
Abstract
Background: Considering the significant increase in suicidal tendencies and attempts during puberty, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy compared to emotion-focused therapy in increasing the resilience of female students who attempted suicide in the past has been was evaluated.
Methods: semi-experimental research was used with a pre-test and post-test design. The target population was female students of the first and second grade of high school who attempted suicide and referred to the counseling center of the General Directorate of Education, and the research was conducted from the time of data collection to the time of implementation from May 2022 to June 2023 was conducted in the counseling center under the supervision of the science and research department of Islamic Azad University, Tehran branch, was conducted and the available sampling method was selected and randomly and a total of 30 people were divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control groups (15 people). First, Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire (2003) was taken from all three groups. The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of emotion-focused compassion therapy, while the control group received no intervention. After the end of the treatment sessions, the resilience questionnaire of Connor and Davidson (2003) was administered again and repeated after one month of follow-up. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests (multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of variance).
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Results: The results obtained from the data analysis showed a significant difference in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up resilience averages in the three groups. Resilience scores for the experimental groups were significant at P < 0.05, which indicates a significant difference. Additionally, the compassion-focused therapy group showed greater improvements in resilience compared to the emotion-focused group.
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Conclusion: These findings confirm the positive effect of both types of treatment on the resilience of female students who have previously attempted suicide, and compassion-focused therapy was more effective than emotion-focused therapy
Khadije Sohrabi, Abbas Ali Gaeini , Elham Shirzad , Shahram Khorshidi , Shahriar Nafissi, Hamid Reza Fateh,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (July 2024)
Abstract
Background: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. It is classified into five types (from type 0 to 4) based on the age of onset of symptoms and maximum motor function. This autosomal recessive mutation results in progressive weakness and atrophy of the proximal muscles. Due to the high cost of treatment, the critical timing of intervention, and the varied responses of patients, many individuals do not sufficiently benefit from current therapeutic methods. This study evaluates the impact of resistance training on the quality of life and fatigue in patients with SMA type III, considering the potential benefits of such training.
Methods: The present study was developmental and semi-experimental. Fourteen ambulatory patients with SMA type III were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The exercise group engaged in lower limb resistance training at an intensity of 6 to 8 on an adult resistance exercise scale for 10 weeks (25 sessions). During this period, the control group maintained their usual daily activities. Patients in the exercise group did not engage in any exercise activity other than the protocol of the present study. Patients' quality of life was measured with the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, and fatigue severity was measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), both evaluated pre- and post-intervention. The assessments and exercises were conducted in the occupational therapy department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran, from July 2023 to September 2023.
Results: Analysis of the results showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the exercise group compared to the control group in the subscales of physical functioning and fatigue within the quality of life assessment. Additionally, notable differences were found between the groups on the fatigue intensity scale. However, No significant difference was observed in the patients' Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements.
Conclusion: Progressive resistance training of the lower limbs enhances the quality of life and reduces fatigue in patients with SMA type III. |
Majid Salmanian Mashhadi , Anoushe Haghighi, Nahid Kianmehr, Marjan Mokhtare, Sara Zarasvandnia, Parna Hosseini Meigoni , Seyede Maryam Mirghorbani ,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (July 2024)
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is a major concern associated with long-term side effects among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with methotrexate. The aim of the present study was to compare the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and the results of liver fibrosis severity derived from FibroScan device in rheumatoid arthritis patients who were treated with methotrexate.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 70 RA patients referred to rheumatology clinic of Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, from July 2022 to July 2023. First, FIB-4 was calculated and the data from transient elastography, which was performed using a FibroScan device to diagnose liver fibrosis for each patient, will be compared with the results of the FIB-4 of each patient. Furthermore, the correlation between FIB-4 index and FibroScan grade with demographic characteristic, methotrexate dose and disease duration was also evaluated.
Results: The average age of patients was 59.59±11.75 and most of them (74.3%) were women. Most patients (75.71%) with a normal to mild FIB-4 index stage had a normal to mild elastography stage. of patients had normal to mild liver fibrosis. FibroScan grade were not related to the age, gender, body mass index, methotrexate dose and duration of the disease (P>0.05). The average FIB-4 was 1.25±0.6, which was not significantly related to gender, body mass index, disease duration and methotrexate dose but directly related to the age of patients (P<0.001, (CL95%, 0.51-0.53)).The correlation between FIB-4 and FibroScan grade of the patients showed a positive association, which was not statistically significant (P=0.594, r=0.06, CL95%, -0.24-0.4). The FIB-4 in normal to mild grade was 85% rejecting the moderate to severe grade in FibroScan but none of them were statistically significant (P=0.146).
Conclusion: Overall, the FIB-4 was incapable of predicting the FibroScan result. On the contrary, this case was also inconclusive and the results of FibroScan did not justify FIB-4 results of the patients. The FIB-4 cannot replace in RA patients. It is recommended to conduct future studies with a larger sample size in RA patients. |
Hamid Reza Mehryar, Mohammad Reza Hosseini Azar , Afshin Ebrahimi , Omid Garkaz,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (July 2024)
Abstract
Background: Although the respiratory system is the main element involved in the disease of COVID-19, nevertheless, there are reports of the involvement of other organs and their lesser symptoms. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital from April to September 2021 by census method. The data was collected using a checklist that included demographic information. After the data was collected, it was entered into SPSS software, version 18 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics.
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Results: In this study, the results showed that out of 2580 hospitalized patients, 54% were women and 46% were men. And the average age of the patients was 58.67±17.68. The highest frequency of people was in the age range of 40-59 years (925 people). 64% of patients had at least one gastrointestinal symptom, Each of the symptoms had a different prevalence, Anorexia 40% with a preference for men (57%) and the highest frequency in the age range of 40-59 years (430 people), gastrointestinal bleeding 10% with a preference for men (80%), And the highest frequency in the age range of 60-79 years (112 people), abdominal pain 8% with preference for women (65%) with preference for frequency in the age range of 40-59 years (65 people), vomiting 3% with preference for women (51%) with abundance in the age range of 80-99 years (58 people), diarrhea 1.5% with preference in men (51%) with abundance in the age range of 60-79 years (18 people) and constipation in 0.2% with preference Women (67%), all of whom were over 60 years old.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the COVID-19 disease can not only involve the respiratory system but also the digestive system in the course or beginning of the disease.
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Najibeh Mohseni Moalem Kolae , Abdolreza Jafarirad, Mohammadhossein Hesamirostami , Khadije Moeiltabaghdehi , Mojtaba Ghorbani , Abolfazl Hosseinnattaj,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (July 2024)
Abstract
Background: Death is one of the serious consequences of burns, which usually occurs as a result of hospital infections. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the existing disagreement regarding the admission of more than 90% patients in the burn intensive care unit with the isolation room of the burn unit.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted based on case review. The statistical population included the files of patients hospitalized in the burn wards and burn intensive care unit of Zare'e Sari Burn and Psychiatric Center from 2011 to 2023 who died. All these patients were included in the study as a census. The data was extracted through a checklist prepared by the researcher. Descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was performed using SPSS version 21 software. The variables studied included gender, age, burn percentage, burn factor, and duration of hospitalization, and determining the relationship between burn percentage and survival time in the two burn intensive care units and the isolation room of the burn unit was the main variable. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe quantitative data, and the frequency and percentage were used to describe qualitative data.
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Results: Among 882 cases, 226 patients had burns above 90%. 143 cases were related to men (63.3%). Most patients were in the age group of 19 to 40 years (61.9%). The cause of the burn (54.9%) was flame. Among the patients (83.2%) were hospitalized in the isolation room of the burn ward. Although the average days of hospitalization of patients above 90% in the burn intensive care unit was 13.71±11.82 days and the burn isolation room was 8.66±9.11 days, the Mann-Whitney test showed that the average survival time of these patients in the burn isolation room of the burn ward was significantly different from the intensive care unit. (sig.=0.001).
Conclusion: Although the average survival time in the two groups showed a significant difference, ultimately all patients in the two groups died within a few days of each other.
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Mohammad Hossein Rabbani , Parvin Farzanegi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ,
Volume 82, Issue 6 (September 2024)
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise and the consumption of certain supplements, such as ursolic acid, may reduce sarcopenia and osteoporosis by activating or inhibiting specific genes and signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and ursolic acid supplementation on the expression of genes related to inflammatory and autophagy pathways in type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted from May 2023 to October 2023 at Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch. A total of 30 male Wistar rats (12 months old, mean weight 390 g) were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) healthy (normal), 2) diabetic, 3) diabetic+exercise, 4) diabetic+supplement, 5) diabetic+exercise+ supplement. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The aerobic exercise protocol was performed five days a week for eight weeks. The supplement groups received a daily intraperitoneal injection of ursolic acid (250 mg/kg body weight).
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Results: Data analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the expression levels of LC3, Becline-1, TNFα, IL-1β Akt, and FOXO3 genes (P=0.000). The results of the post hoc test also showed that the expression level of LC3, Becline-1, TNFα, IL-1β genes in the model group increased significantly compared to the normal group (P=0.000). A significant difference was observed between intervention groups (P<0.05). The results of the follow-up test also showed that the level of expression of Akt genes in the model group was significantly decreased compared to the normal group (P=0.000). No significant difference was observed between intervention groups (P<0.05).
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Conclusion: The results of the study showed that regular aerobic training and Ursolic acid consumption can affect inflammatory and autophagy pathways. These effects reduce cell atrophy through changes in some biological signals and help improve muscle function in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, aerobic training and Ursolic acid consumption can serve as an effective strategy for improving metabolic status and preventing cellular damage in this patient population.
Mohammad Golparvar, Fatemeh Moghadassi ,
Volume 82, Issue 7 (October 2024)
Abstract
Background: Intraoperative bleeding is an unwanted and common complication in orthopedic surgeries, which can be aggravated by the preventive administration of anticoagulants to prevent deep vein thrombosis. The present study examines the effect of prophylactic enoxaparin to prevent thromboembolism on the amount of bleeding in femoral head surgeries where it is not possible to use a tourniquet.
Methods: A prospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted from July to March 2017 in Kashani Hospital, Isfahan, in 120 patients without a history of coagulation disorders who were candidates for reconstructive surgery for femoral head and neck fractures. Inclusion criteria involved age over 18, BMI less than 30, no history of coagulation disorders, no preoperative use of anticoagulant drugs, normal PT, PTT, and INR before starting enoxaparin. The patients didn’t have any coagulation disorder and all of them were under prophylactic dose of enoxaparin before surgery. The patients were subjected to spinal anesthesia with the same method. Signs related to degree of bleeding recorded during surgery and recovery care. Data were collected and entered into SPSS software version 20, and central tendency and dispersion indices were calculated for quantitative variables. Descriptive tables and charts were utilized for qualitative variables. Correlation coefficient and linear regression analyses were performed for the final interpretation of results.
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Results: There was a significant relationship between mean arterial pressure and intraoperative bleeding (p-value=0.001). The dose of enoxaparin prescribed was associated with the volume of fluids received, the amount of bleeding, the amount of tranexamic acid, phenylephrine, labetalol, TNG and fentanyl administered during the operation with a p-value of less than 0.05. Also, there is a significant relationship between the prescribed dose of enoxaparin and the duration of surgery and duration of recovery care (p-value less than 0.05).
Conclusion: The study examines the impact of prophylactic enoxaparin on intraoperative bleeding, finding a significant correlation with dosage and duration. No notable difference in bleeding was observed in patients with a GFR below 30. Enoxaparin administration correlated with increased bleeding, MAP levels, fluid volume, tranexamic acid use, and hypotension medications during surgery.
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Mohammad Parsa Mahjoub , Naser Kechuian, Mohammad Haji Aghajani , Hossein Aghamiri , Ainaz Samadi, Fateme Omidi ,
Volume 82, Issue 7 (October 2024)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular surgery is sometimes associated with brain consequences such as cognitive disorders. Diagnosis of cognitive disorders risk factors in cardiovascular patients is important for increasing patient satisfaction and success after (CABG). In the present study, the frequency of cognitive disorders in cardiovascular patients and its effective factors were investigated.
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Methods: In the current cross-sectional study that was conducted from September 2019 to the February 2022, 60 cardiovascular patients undergoing CABG surgery were selected by convenience sampling method. Demographic, clinical, and intraoperative information was recorded for participants in the data collection form. Mini–Mental State Examination quesionary.
Results: The results showed that 15% of participants had cognitive impairment. Gender and age were the actual variables on the incidence of cognitive disorders after CABG surgery. The frequency of cognitive disorders in women was 14 times higher than men and 6.5 times higher in the elderly. Elderely population was considered as 65 years old or above. The clinical variables such as blood transfusion under surgery and ejection fraction<40% were effective factor for incidence of cognitive disorders in cardiovascular patients.
Conclusion: The CABG surgery may be associated with cognitive disorders in cardiovascular patients, which is more common in women and the elderly. Further studies are recommended to confirm the results of the present study and identify the related risk factors.
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Mohammad Gholami , Alireza Mahmoudabadi, Maryam Moradi , Hossein Nezami, Hamideh Mohammadzadeh ,
Volume 82, Issue 7 (October 2024)
Abstract
Background: Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss, and its prevalence increases with age. Different studies have reported different results regarding the association of cardiovascular diseases with androgenetic alopecia. The present study aimed to The present study aimed to Investigating the relationship between androgenetic alopecia and the thickness of the intima media of the carotid artery in the referrals to the specialized skin and hair clinic of Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi Hospital.
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Methods: This case-control study was conducted from October 2021 to June 2022 on 100 patients referred to the Skin and Hair Clinic of Allameh Bahloul Hospital in two groups of 50 cases and controls, aged less than 40 years. The subjects were matched in terms of age and gender. Patients with alopecia were classified into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe based on the diagnosis of the treating physician. The thickness of the intima-media layer of the carotid artery was measured using ultrasound.
Results: There were 37 males and 13 females in both the case and control groups. The mean age in the case group was 29.50 and 30.28 years, respectively. In addition, the duration of alopecia in the case group was 6.9 years. Although the results indicated that the carotid artery intima-media thickness was higher in patients with androgenetic alopecia, no statistically significant relationship was found between androgenetic alopecia and carotid artery intima-media thickness (P=0.66). There was also a statistical relationship between the carotid artery intima-media thickness and the duration of alopecia (P=0.03).
Conclusion: Considering the relationship between the thickness of the intima media of the carotid artery and the duration of alopecia, it can be said that there is a possible relationship between alopecia and atherosclerosis, but to prove it, studies with a larger sample size are needed.
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Fatemeh Rasouli Amiri , Khadijeh Ezoji, Seyed Reza Hosseini, Ali Bijani , Kayvan Latifi ,
Volume 82, Issue 8 (November 2024)
Abstract
Background: People with chronic pain have a shorter life expectancy than the general population, in part as a result of excess mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between chronic pain and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
Methods: In this study, 400 elderly diabetic patients in phase one of the Amirkola Elderly Cohort Study (AHAP), which was conducted between April 2011 to March 2016, were divided into two groups of 200 people, with chronic pain and without chronic pain. Then, the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases that are available in this plan such as physical activity level, body mass index, blood sugar levels, blood lipid profile status, Hypertension and smoking were examined.
Results: In the study of baseline variables in the elderly with and without pain with diabetes, it was found that women reported more pain with 54.4% than men with 45.6% that there is a significant difference between the two sexes (P=0.0001). Education level was also associated with having pain so that 67.8% of the elderly with having pain were illiterate and this relationship was significant (P=0.006). 82.5% of the elderly with higher physical activity had less pain than the elderly with less physical activity. This indicates the effect of physical activity in reducing pain and the observed relationship was significant (P=0.001). Triglyceride levels and history of underlying disease were lower in painless elderly (P=0.009 and P=0.002). Physical activity in the elderly without pain was higher than the elderly who had pain and this significant difference was reported (P=0.002).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a high prevalence of chronic pain in the elderly in Amirkola. In the elderly without chronic pain, there were lower triglyceride levels, more physical activity and fewer underlying diseases. Attention to chronic pain features among elderly to identify vulnerable groups and providing better care can increase the quality of life in this group.
Seyed Mohammad Reza Hadavi , Maryam Zahedi, Navid Kalani, Naeimeh Ossadat Asmarian , Reza Sahraei ,
Volume 82, Issue 9 (December 2024)
Abstract
Background: Shoulder labral repair surgery is associated with significant postoperative pain and restricted mobility. Inadequate pain management may lead to delayed rehabilitation, increased risk of chronic pain development, and higher opioid consumption. This study aimed to compare postoperative pain intensity during the first two weeks following shoulder labral repair between patients receiving interscalene block alone versus those receiving interscalene block combined with intravenous morphine.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial, 120 patients undergoing open rotator cuff repair at Chamran Hospital, Shiraz (June-December 2024) were allocated using balanced block randomization. Group 1 received preoperative interscalene block with 30 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, while Group 2 received the same block plus intravenous morphine (1% mg/kg). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as mean and percentage and appropriate statistical tests such as Repeated measurement and Anova using SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was considered to be (P<0.05).
Results: Demographic characteristics (age, sex, weight, ASA class) showed no significant intergroup differences (p>0.05). Pain scores were significantly lower at all time points in the combination therapy group compared to the block-only group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the combination of interscalene block with morphine was significantly more effective in reducing pain after rotator cuff surgery than interscalene block alone. This finding suggests that the use of morphine as an additional analgesic can enhance the analgesic effects of interscalene block and provide better pain relief. The combination of these two methods may cause a positive interaction in pain relief and reduce the need for other medications, which consequently prevents the side effects caused by additional analgesic drugs, and patients who receive the combination of these two treatment methods experience greater comfort and better functional improvement. However, it is recommended that further studies focusing on the precise dosage and timing of drug combinations be conducted to obtain more precise results regarding the optimization of pain management after rotator cuff surgery. Also, examining the long-term effects of this treatment method could help to better understand its advantages and disadvantages.
Firooz Balavandi, Hossein Moradkhani,
Volume 82, Issue 10 (January 2025)
Abstract
Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. Heart failure (HF) imposes both direct costs to healthcare systems and indirect costs to society through complications, unpaid care costs, premature mortality, and loss of productivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of care, laboratory and clinical indicators affecting mortality in heart failure patients.
Methods: In a descriptive study conducted in the summer of 1402, data were collected by extracting the list of patients who died with a diagnosis of heart failure from the hospital's information management system, based on random sampling, and recorded in a checklist. The number of patients selected was from a study of factors affecting mortality in heart failure patients at Shahid Mustafa Khomeini Hospital.
Results: 25.8% of patients had bilateral rales on pulmonary auscultation, and 88.7% of them reported shortness of breath, 58.1% edema, and 22.6% chest pain. LVEF of most patients was 10-25. With a decrease in systolic blood pressure and an increase in diastolic and HR, the probability of mortality increased significantly (1.058, 0.932, and 0.983) times, respectively. With a decrease in oxygen level, the probability of mortality increased significantly by 0.983 times. The mean ALT and AST increased significantly and the mean HCT also decreased significantly. With each unit increase in ALT and AST and each unit decrease in Hct, the probability of mortality increased (1.008, 0.985 and 1.283) times, respectively. With the decrease in Hb and FBS and the increase in Cr and BUN, the probability of mortality increased by 0.314, 1.013, 1.884 and 0.969 times, respectively. However, no significant relationship was observed between mortality and the factors Hb, FBS, Cr and BUN with patient mortality.
Conclusion: Dyspnea and edema were common in patients, and bilateral rales and chest pain were observed in less than half of the patients. A decrease in systolic blood pressure and an increase in diastolic and HR significantly increased the probability of mortality. A decrease in oxygen levels also significantly increased mortality in patients.
Hosna Moradi, Nasser Behpour, Mehrdad Payandeh, Mansoor Khazaei ,
Volume 82, Issue 10 (January 2025)
Abstract
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Background: With the rising survival rates among individuals with colorectal cancer, improving quality of life and reducing the risk of recurrence have become key priorities in supportive care. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), due to its pronounced effects on physical function, inflammatory markers, and tumor-related indicators, has emerged as a promising intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, quality of life, and sleep quality in female survivors of colorectal cancer.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest control group design and was conducted from July to September 2021 at the Kosar Women’s Sports Complex in Kermanshah, Iran. Twelve female colorectal cancer survivors (mean age=55.66±4.99 years) were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n=6) or control group (n=6). The experimental group participated in a supervised HIIT program for eight weeks. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and quality of life was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire.
Results: Post-intervention analysis revealed a non-significant increase in CEA levels in the experimental group (mean±SD: 2.49±0.79; CI95%: 1.66-3.33; P=0.456), while the control group showed a statistically significant reduction (mean±SD: 1.04±0.22; CI95%: 0.84-1.25; P=0.044). However, significant improvements were observed in both sleep quality (mean±SD: 5.00±2.19; CI95%: 3.27-6.72; P=0.027) and quality of life (mean±SD: 77±9.40; CI95%: 84.11-88; P=0.028) within the experimental group. No significant changes were reported in the control group for either variable.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that high-intensity interval training may serve as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing sleep quality and overall quality of life in female colorectal cancer survivors. Nevertheless, the effects of HIIT on biological markers such as CEA require further investigation through larger and longer-term studies.
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Navid Kalani, Masoud Ghanei, Hossein Hakimelahi,
Volume 82, Issue 10 (January 2025)
Abstract
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Background: Varicocele, defined as an abnormal enlargement and tortuosity of the veins in the pampiniform plexus, is the most common cause of correctable male infertility that might increase chance of fertility even in presence of further male factor infertility causes. While it is well known to be reason of fertility in male and is easy to treat, here we present a case with 20 years of infertility due to missed opportunity of varicocelectomy.
Case Presentation: A 39-year-old male patient with a family history of infertility for about 20 years was referred for azoospermia and stated that after two testicular biopsies and failure to obtain sperm in one of the equipped infertility treatment centers, he was recommended to receive a donated embryo, but he wanted to have his biological child genetically. In the history taken, he had a history of mild left varicocele and no other clinical problems, and mild bilateral varicocele was evident on examination. Karyotype and Y chromosome examination were normal, and hormonal tests and gonadotropin and testosterone levels were within normal limits. Semen volume was 1 ml in two tests one month apart, and semen was alkaline. The patient underwent microscopic bilateral varicocelectomy with an inguinal incision. The patient underwent fluoroscopy, vasography, which showed distal dilatation of both Vas deferens. Diluted methylene blue solution was also injected into the vas deferens and Folley was fixed. But the urine color did not turn blue, so the patient's position was changed to lithotomy and the patient underwent resection of the ejaculatory duct via the urethra, that is the Verumontanum was resected with a cautery-cutting cautery. Three months later, the patient presented with a completely normal semen analysis. The patient was advised to try to conceive at least four months after the operation. Two months later, pregnancy occurred again, and after 9 months, a healthy male fetus was born by cesarean section.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that varicocele treatment can significantly improve fertility parameters and enhance the chances of successful conception in affected patients. The most important suggestion of this case report is to highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of varicocele as a correctable cause of male infertility. Unfortunately, our patient suffered from infertility for 20 years due to not undergoing varicocelectomy. Even obstruction treatment may not necessarily be needed in this case, as a sole varicocelectomy might make sperm extraction possible for further in vitro procedures.
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Banafsheh Mashak, Reza Payami, Fatemeh Javaheri, Alireza Babajani, Mohammad Hossein Shakeri,
Volume 82, Issue 12 (March 2025)
Abstract
Mastaneh Moghtaderi, Hossein Amirzargar, Behnaz Bazargani , Arash Abbasi, Daryoush Fahimi, Fahime Asgarian,
Volume 83, Issue 1 (April 2025)
Abstract
Background: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is recognized as one of the most frequent causes of obstructive uropathy in the pediatric population, particularly in male infants. This congenital anomaly leads to variable degrees of urinary outflow obstruction, which may result in progressive renal damage and deterioration of kidney function over time. Despite advances in diagnostic modalities and surgical interventions, infants and children affected by PUV continue to demonstrate suboptimal long term renal outcomes, with a considerable proportion developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Understanding early predictors of adverse renal prognosis is essential to guide timely interventions and optimize follow up strategies. The present study aimed to assess the long term renal outcomes, over a minimum of five years, of patients with PUV treated at the Children’s Medical Center, and to investigate the role of preoperative serum creatinine levels as a predictor of future CKD in this patient group.
Methods: A cross sectional and retrospective study design was employed. The medical records of patients diagnosed with PUV between March 2011 and March 2016 who had at least five years of documented follow up were reviewed at the Children’s Medical Center in 2021. Data extracted included demographic characteristics, laboratory tests—particularly pre and post operative serum creatinine—ultrasound imaging results, surgical details, and follow up findings throughout the study period.
Results: Eighty one patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age at diagnosis of 105 days. At the five year follow up, the overall prevalence of CKD among these patients was estimated at approximately 9.9%. During the follow up period, one patient died due to kidney disease, one underwent kidney transplantation, and three required maintenance dialysis. Statistical analysis demonstrated that a preoperative creatinine level exceeding 1.15 mg/dL was strongly associated with the future development of CKD, showing 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity in predicting adverse long term renal outcomes.
Conclusion: This study underscores the persistent risk of CKD in children with PUV, even after surgical intervention. Regular and comprehensive monitoring of renal function remains vital in this high risk group. Preoperative serum creatinine may serve as a reliable, accessible, and clinically useful prognostic marker to identify patients who may benefit from closer follow up and proactive management strategies.
Sepideh Mahdavi, Mohammad Hassan Emamian , Zahra Kordi, Mansooreh Fateh, Mostafa Enayatrad,
Volume 83, Issue 2 (May 2025)
Abstract
Background: Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the trend in the incidence of stomach cancer in Shahroud and Meyami districts over a thirteen-year period.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that examines the incidence of stomach cancer using data from the population-based cancer registry system in Shahroud and Meyami Districts in Semnan province over a thirteen-year period from the beginning of April 2010 to the end of March 2022. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using both the new and old-World Health Organization standard populations. Trend in cancer incidence were analyzed using Joinpoint regression.
Results: Between 2010 and 2022, a total of 474 new cases of stomach cancer were reported. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.3±12.8 years, with 70.3±12.7 years in men and 67.8±12.8 years in women. The age-standardized incidence rate based on the new WHO population was 15.1 per 100,000 people for the entire period, and 20.9 and 9.5 per 100,000 for men and women, respectively. The annual percentage change indicated a (APC: -4.60 % (95% CI: -0.08 to -9.36)) decrease per year, which was statistically significant (P=0.047), particularly in men (APC= -4.42%, (95% CI: -8.39 to -0.63, P=0.024)), whereas the decline in women was not statistically significant (APC= -4.28%, (95% CI: -10.45 to 1.79, P=0.150)). The incidence of stomach cancer increases with age, with the highest number of cases observed in the 75-79 years age group. The incidence trend in the age group 70-74 years (AAPC: -8.98% (95% CI: -2.75, -14.72 was significantly (P=0.005) decreasing.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the age-standardized incidence rate of stomach cancer had a decreasing trend and that incidence increased with advancing age. Moreover, the incidence rate in men was approximately twice that in women. In men, the incidence trend showed a significant decline, whereas in women no significant change was observed.
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini , Saba Mohammadalizadeh , Sanaz Arvin,
Volume 83, Issue 2 (May 2025)
Abstract
Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm of the major salivary glands, characterized by a slow-growing tumor, wide local infiltration, perineural spread, a propensity to local recurrence and distant metastasis, and has a poor prognosis. Although surgery and radiotherapy are considered standard treatments, the role of systemic therapy in advanced and metastatic stages remains unclear and rarely results in complete remission. Due to the rarity and limited number of reported cases, here, we report a complete response with systemic treatment in a case of metastatic ACC of the salivary gland.
Case Presentation: The patient is a 50-year-old woman with a history of ACC of the submandibular salivary gland at 20 years old. No recurrence of the disease was observed until, at 47 years old, when metastatic adenocarcinoma with salivary gland origin was diagnosed. From the age of 47 to 50 years, multiple cervical lymph node involvement, multiple masses in the parotid gland and thyroid tissue, as well as distant metastasis to the breast, ovary, and lungs were observed. The patient underwent cervical lymphadenectomy, total parotidectomy, and several courses of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After six cycles of the Bevacizumab + Adriamycin + Cisplatin regimen, radiologic evaluation confirmed a complete response to the treatment with the disappearance of pulmonary nodules and parotid lesions. The patient is currently under follow-up.
Conclusion: Our reported case shows the aggressive nature of recurrent metastatic ACC of the salivary gland and the positive effect and importance of systemic treatment in these patients. Because the metastasis can appear very slowly, early diagnosis is essential for a better prognosis. These rare malignant lesions should be followed up for a long time after initial treatment due to slow growth, frequent recurrence and late and distant metastasis possibility. This case highlights the potential of systemic therapy to induce complete response even in extensively metastatic disease, suggesting that further clinical trials may be warranted.
Hossein Akhavan, Fatemeh Rezaei,
Volume 83, Issue 3 (June 2025)
Abstract
Background: An Electrocardiogram is a non-invasive method for receiving heart signals. Despite advances in imaging methods, the electrocardiogram still plays an important role remains a vital tool in the diagnosis of heart diseases. Analysis of electrocardiogram signals plays an important role in the early detection of heart diseases such as arrhythmias and heart attacks. Today, with the advancement of science and technology, computer methods have received more and more attention from doctors. In this study, machine learning methods were used to classify normal and abnormal heartbeats.
Methods: The data under study were extracted from a dataset called Heartbeat published on the Kaggle website. This dataset includes samples of audio ECG signals that are divided into healthy and unhealthy categories. First, the data were preprocessed and normalized to prepare them for input into the model. Then, temporal and frequency features were extracted from the signals. Next, a hybrid model consisting of one-dimensional convolutional layers was designed and trained. Also, by using the early stopping method, overfitting was prevented and the stability of the model was improved.
Results: In this study, it was shown that by using deep learning, especially using CNN and 1D Conv, an accuracy of 0.99% and a loss of 0.0350 for test data in detecting normal and abnormal heartbeats can be achieved. This model has the ability to analyze complex structures and temporal dynamics of ECG signals and is able to detect patterns related to cardiac disorders.
Conclusion: Today, the electrocardiogram has received more attention than ever before. Appropriate selection of the model, data standardization, and a qualitative range of data are among the factors of high accuracy in this study. This study can be an effective step in the development of intelligent systems for diagnosing cardiac disorders and can be used in medical applications, especially in the field of continuous patient monitoring.
