Tehran University Medical Journal

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In 100 healthy, adult and female mice weighing about 20 to 25 g each, paris of full thickness and nearly symmetrical cutaneous wounds, 100±15 mm² each were created in dorsolumbar region. Mice were divided into 3 groups randomly, group 1 (Right wound exposure), group 2 (Left wound exposure) and group 3 (Control). Wounds were exposed to laser He-Ne (632.8 were length and 16 mw constant power) for 10 days, 250 seconds each day. The control group mice were in equal situation except for the exposure wound were measured in size once every 2 days. Also biopsies were made from a clear number of cases once every 3 days from microscopic evaluation of wound healing stages. The difference in wound healing between the test groups and controls was significant as confirmed by statistical methods (E.g. one way ANOVA and SCHEFFE) with (?=0.05) and proved by microscopic findings. This experiment were made in "Blind" form. There was no significant difference in wound healing between 2 sides in test groups, this strengthens the idea that laser therapy causes the release of systemic wound healing factors

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Hospital acquired infection have 2 origins: 1) Infections acquired from the hospitalization. 2) Infections that transmit from hospital personnel and those who referred to a hospital. According to the studies approximately half of hospital acquired infection is under the first group. Gram-negative bacilli is of prime importance from all bacteries that caused hospital acquired infection. There are 3 main ways spreading hospital acquired infections include: 1) Auto infections 2) Transmit infections 3-environmental infections. In addition, three following factor's will help to cause hospital acquired infections. 1) Reduced immunologic defenses in patient. 2) Local reducing of immunologic defense. 3) Hospital pathogens. From 7/7/1367 to 30/3/1368 samples from patients were collected from 4 hospitals. Then with use of microbiological methods, identified pathogenic organisms

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Children undergoing general anesthesia for strabismus surgery have a higher incidence of postoperative vomiting than those receiving the same anaesthesia for other types of ambulatory surgical procedures. Droperidol (0/0 75 mg/kg IV) and promethazine (0.05-1.0 mg/kg) were used in 100 children between 2-15 years old. Promethazine which has sedative property, anticholinergic antihistaminic, antiemetic and anti-motion sickness effects is recommended for children 0.05 mg-1.0 mg/kg of body weight IV. After induction of anesthesia and before operation and manipulation of the eye and combined with 0.5 mg/kg IM promethazine after operation. The incidence of vomiting following strabismus surgery might be reduced more than with intravenous droperidol

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Serum copper, zinc and the cu/zn ratio were measured in 55 patients with breast disease (20 with benign breast disease and 35 patients with breast cancer) and 30 healthy subjects. The mean serum copper levels were higher in breast cancer than in benign breast diseases (127.5 µg/dl versus 92.4 µg/dl) (P<0.0005) and controls (127.5 µg/dl versus 75.6 µg/dl) (P<0.0005). Patients with advanced breast cancer had higher serum copper levels than did patients with early breast cancer (163 µg/dl versus 103.9 µg/dl) (P<0.0005). Patients with advanced breast cancer had lower serum zinc levels than did patients with benign breast disease (68.9 µg/dl versus 135.9 µg/dl) (P<0.0005) and controls (68.9 µg/dl versus 129.9 µg/dl) (P<0.0005) but no significant difference have seen between serum zinc levels of early and advanced breast cancer patients (68.9 µg/dl versus 72.9 µg/dl) (P<0.05). Serum zinc levels were not decreased in patients with benign breast disease

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This research is a descriptive analytical study which been carried out for the purpose of study of application period, causes of the discontinuation and the problems arising from the application of the edible pills as a pregnancy preventive method among the women of Tehran (1989). 986 women have been studied in two groups as follows: A) The women who have used the edible pills (737 women). B) The women who are currently using the pills (249 women). Of 95.8% of the total (986 persons) have been informed the method of pills use and 40.6% have indicated pills as their favorite method. Mentall disorder was the most common complication resulted from application of the pills. Investigation also indicates that highest percentage of duration of use was above four years (33%). Among the reasons which resulted in the cessation of the method for more than one month, medical reasons have been mentioned by most of the persons studied

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Radiolucent lesions of the vertebrae, especially the cervical vertebrae are commonly encountered by the orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons dealing with spinal column disorders. Considering the unavailability of highly sophisticated and reliable facilities to reach the exact diagnosis before starting appropriate therapy. Trial of medical therapy is suggested to be worthy before attempting for wide surgical intervention. Presenting a very interesting case, we have reviewed the lesions presenting as radiolucent areas in plain X-rays and planned a step by step discussion for differential diagnosis. Special stress has been done on the endemicity of tuberculosis and brucellosis in Iran.

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This study is a review of the causes of depression among disabled soldiers (Janbazan) with severity of disability more than 40 percent. In this study, the total population is 1186. This population is classified based on the percentage of severity of the disability (40-49%, 50-69% and >70%). There are respectively in each. Classes 680, 272 and 234 cases. 10 percent of each class (totally 12 persons) were selected randomely. It must to be mentioned that 4 cases was absent because of different reasons. The results of this study showed that the depression is more prevalent among cases with high percentage of disabilities. The result of this research indicated that 56% of the study group are involved in depression, and from them 32.7% are involved in serious depression. Threr is a close correlation between intensity of depression and special factors such as financial, educational and occupational problems.

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It seems, rapid destruction of gram negative bacteria by antibiotics contribute to the clinical deterioration of some patients with lethal endotoxemia. In this research we evaluated LPS (lipopolysaccharide) release during antibiotic killing of salmonella typhi (Ty2-5536). The organism was incubated in the presence of Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin and Co-trimoxazole at concentrations that killed >99.9% of the organisms as determined by quantitative culture techniques. After incubation the antibiotic-bacterial cultures were centrifuged and the supernatants were filtered and collected for "in vivo" and "in vitro" studies. Injection of 1 ml/kg of filtrates in rabbits raised normal temperature of the animals by 1.2°C that it showes the presence of LPS in the filtrates. Quantitative chromogenic limulus amebocyte lyssate (L.A.L) assay was used to determine the amount of LPS in the filtrates. The amount of LPS was 86.67±2.53 Pg/ml for chloramphenicol, 113.33±8.07 Pg/ml for Ampicillin and 134.18±11.59 Pg/ml for Co-trimoxazole. According to our investigation chloramphenicol is the best antibiotic against S.typhi because it decrease the induced-pathological effects of LPS in gram negative infection

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This is a report of 30 cases of pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). 28 of these children had chronic sinusitis and 2 had acute sinusitis the most common chief complaints were: 1) Chronic Rhinorea 2) Nasal obstruction 3) Chronic cough. Systemic predisposing conditions were allergy in 7 pts and immotile cilliasyndrome in 2 pts, all of the procedures were performed under general anesthesia. The most common procedures were: 1) Resection of lateral part of the middle turbinate. 2) Antrostomy of the maxillary sinus. 3) Turbinoplasty of the inf turbinate. 4) Anterior erhnoidectomy, (Messerklinger, Approach). There were no kajor complication and only 3 cases of minor complication (2=regeneration of polipoid tissues, 1 synechia) occurred. The duration of follow up was from 6-18 mths recovery occurred in 26 pts. Two of the pts didn't respond because of severe allergy and were referred to immunologist for further therapy 2 others didn't respond appropriately because of immotile cilliasyndrome

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Objective: To compare the obstetric and neonatal outcome in women with and without a history of infertility. Study design: A case-control study at four hospitals of Tehran (Selected Randomly) between October 1st 1993 and February 20th 1994. Subjects: 212 women with a history of infertility who reached 20 weeks gestation with a singleton live fetus and 212 control women matched for age and parity. Main outcome measured: frequency of some antepartum complications. Obstetric and neonatal outcome. Variables: Demographic variables, systemic diseases, history of last and present pregnancy. Type and duration of infertility and kind of infertility treatment. Results: Sixty-one percent of study group were primery infertility patients and fifty-two percent of them had been pregnant after being treated. The incidence of the most complications was similar to that among controls. As compared with controls there was an increased incidence among study group of cesarian births (P<0.005), previous history of abortion (P<0.05), and history of vaginal bleeding in first and second trimesters of present pregnancy (P<0.005), and among primery infertility an increased incidence of preeclampsia (P<0.05)

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Some of the endocrinologic diseases, especially Acromegaly, Cushing and Pheochromocytoma have multiple effects on blood glucose metabolism and regulation in non-diabetic patients. In this retrospective survey, records of patients of Tehran Medical Sciences University hospitals have been reviewd. Of 124 Acromegals, GTT was performed for 51 patients, being impaired in 18%. To evaluate diabetes, FBS and BS of 90 patients were checked, overt diabetes was detected in 27%. Among 90 Cushing patients, blood glucose was checked in 60 cases, 47% of these patients had levels above the normal range, and 39% had glucosuria. Among 80 Pheochromocytoma patients, 16 cases (26.5%) had overt diabetes. In comparison with other studied, we have obtained a little different results concerning diabetes and impaired GTT prevalence

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In a corss sectional survey, anthropometric indices of 205 women in Hassanabad Khaleseh, rural area of Eslamshahr on the basis of weight (WT), height (HT), body mass index (BMI), midarm circumference (MAC) and waist to hip ratio (W/H) has been investigated. The dependence of these indices to some independent variables were determined. The findings of this study indicated that the mean of WT, HT, BMI, MAC and W/H were 62.5 kg, 154.6 cm, 29.1 kg/m², 278.7 mm and 0.78 respectively. The relation between all anthropometric indices and level of education, gravidy, number of alive children, age at first pregnancy were statistically significant. Also the relation between all anthropometric indices (Except Ht) and marital status and age were statistically significant. The results of this study showed that the most important problem among the women is overweight

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The rapid growth of population in the third world countries specially in recent decades has posed an important social problem. There have been some attempts to propose solutions for this problem by scientists from various disciplines. However, it seems that an integrated approach calling for collaboration of various efforts can be more fruitful. In this work, we study the relation of women fertility and socio-economical indices along with government's programmed efforts in the third world countries. Employing a statistical approach, we show that development indices such as gross national product, infant mortality rate, education enrolment, and access to mass media along with government's programmed efforts are effective in reducing the fertility rate, but more important is the interaction between these factors. Thus, an integrated approach emerges as a better solution to population control

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In this research 20 specimen from human whole milk and whey were studied with respect to lipoproteins, cholesterol and triglycerides, 2-8 months after parturition. The whey was separated by means of ultracentri fugation. Also the 24 hour diet history was recorded. The average lipoprotein components in normal human milk were, chylomicron 16.19%±11.98%, beta lipoprotein 36.71%±9.33%, pre beta-lipoprotein 8.61%±3.03% and alpha lipoprotein 38.49%±9.97%. These components were also measured in whey and the results were as follows: chylomicron 6.91%±1.55%, beta lipoprotein 47.32%±10.5%, pre beta lipoprotein 11.48%±4.4% and alpha lipoprotein 33.87%±7.84%. The percent average of the total lipoprotein content and its free forms were estimated in human milk. The average percent chylomicron content was 6.48%±1.43%, beta lipoprotein 33.85%±13.1%, pre beta lipoprotein 12.88%±2.78% and alpha lipoprotein was 47.25%±10.63%. The average ratio of alpha to beta lipoprotein (HDL/LDL) in human milk was found to be 1.10±0.51. Thus, we conclude that breast-feeding can be considered as a potential preventive factor against future cardiovascular diseases.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted on type II diabetic patients during 1991-1996 in Isfahan. By systemic sampling, 715 patients were enrolled. Variables studied, include: age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), literacy, smoking habits, hypertension, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBS), retinopathy, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), proteinuria and type of treatment of diabetes. Prevalence of IHD in males (37.4%) was more than females (32.6%). Logistic regression analysis revealed a direct association between IHD prevalence with age, BMI, hypertension, proteinuria, diabetic retinopathy and type of treatment. Conclusions: 1) The factors mentiond are good predictors of IHD, but genetic influences may also contribute to the risk of IHD. 2) As obesity and BMI are prone to medical manipulation, control of these risk factors may decrease prevalence of IHD.

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Primary hyperaldosteronism is one of the few causes of hypertension that can be cured by surgery. Primary hyperaldosteronism is caused by adrenocortical adenoma or hyperplasia. It is important to differentiate between adrenal adenoma and hyperplasia because the preferred treatments are different. In all patients with new-onest or worsening hypertension the primary hyperaldosteronism should be considered as an etiology. Patients with primary hyperaldosteronism classically have hypertension with spontaneous hypokalemia. The serum sodium concentration is usually normal in patients with primary aldosteronism who are not taking diuretics. Weakness, fatigue, paresthesia, tetany and even paralysis may develop. Renin and angiotensin II are suppressed in both forms of primary hyperaldosteronism due to feedback. Polyuria may develop secondary to vasopressin resistance from chronic hyperkaliuria. Hypertension or eclampsia during pregnancy is common in women with primary hyperaldosteronism. Case report: A 42-years-old woman presented with headache, severe hypertension, general weakness, easy fatigability, vertigo, palpitation, visual disorders and nocturia. She had a past history of eclampsia 10 years ago. In laboratory investigation there was hypokalemia, elevated serum aldosterone, low renin activity and hyperkaliuria. In abdominal CT-scan there was a hypodense mass measuring 2 cm in diameter in her left adrenal gland. The patient had primary hyperaldosteronism due to aldosteronoma.

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This inverstigation is a quasi-experimental study comparing the effects of two methods of health education on student's knowledge and attitudes about AIDS. The target population consisted of 218 male undergraduates studying in Payame Noor University in Saghez, Iran. A random sample of 106 students was selected using sample random sampling method. The students were randomly divided into two experimental groups. One group was educated about AIDS using a direct method of health education and indirect method was used for the other group. Using pretest/posttest method of data collection, analysis of the data showed a significant difference between each group's knowledge and attitudes before and after the educational programs. Comparison of the two educational methods showed no significant difference on student's knowledge about AIDS. However, method one (using a direct method of health education) was significantly more effective in changing student's attitudes towards AIDS than method 2 (using an indirect method of health education).

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Organochlorine pesticides are a group of persistant compounds which have been used for a long time. Due to their stability, some of them such as DDT, BHC and their derivatives are still used in the areas with malaria epidemic condition, hence the chance of food contamination always exists. The present survey demonstrated that human milk is one of the best indicator substances in monitoring the environment and human body contamination by organochlorine compounds. We studied the level of residues in the milk of nursing mothers who could be exposed to these compounds through food chain in their contaminated environment. In this investigation, we collected 40 samples from the nursing mothers of two hospitals located in the north and south of Tehran. Detection was carried out by Gas chromatography (GC) with 3% OV17 column and Ni63 ECD (Electron Capture Detector). Reference substances were obtained from WHO. Results are discussed in the text.

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Food-borne botulism is one of the dangerous food poisonings in human in the world. The specimens of 115 patients (serum and stool) with clinical symptoms of botulism, who were inpatient and outpatient were collected at some medical centers in Tehran and other areas of Iran, between April 1984 to August 1994. In this survey, specimens of 73 patients showed the toxin and spore of C.botulinum. Clostridium botulinum type E, was the most common causative agent in food-borne botulism, being responsible for 71.24% of all specimens other etiologic types, in order of frequency were types A (16.43%) and B (12.33%). The results of this study indicate, that the various kinds of fish, salted fish, smoked fish and canned fish, also cans of greenbeans and cucumber were causative of food-borne botulism in patients.

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The culture results of 203 cases with different wounds were studies 150 of the latter were burn cases (mainly second and third degree burns), and 53 were of other types (surgical, traumatic, ect). Four subtypes of Bacillus cereus were isolated upon culture, and the different toxins produced in DHT broth with 0.1% glucose were assessed. The lethal toxin was injected intravenously to Syrian rats, none of whom died. VPR factor was assessed in the 4 subtypes. Three subtypes produced VPR in significant amounts.