Showing 165 results for RS
Ghazaleh Jamshidi , Farshid Babapour Mofrad , Mahyar Ghafoori, Hamidreza Saligheh Rad ,
Volume 80, Issue 6 (September 2022)
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) has been one of the most prevalent cancers in men in recent years. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) has been increasingly applied in the diagnosis, localization and staging of prostate cancer. This approach uses a combination of morphology information obtained from T2-weighted image along with at least two functional imaging modalities, such as diffusion-weighted (DWI), dynamic-contrast-enhancement (DCE), and magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy (MRS). This review gives a comprehensive overview of the theories and methodologies of the mp-MRI for diagnosing prostate cancer. The search was fulfilled using a list of search engines.
Methods: In this study, with a systematic review of studies conducted during February 2015 to October 2021, the role and potential of integrating the results of morphological and functional imaging in a multi-parameter approach were evaluated and the optimal combination was introduced. This article collected studies that have employed mp-MRI in prostate cancer including: peer-reviews, research articles, academic reports and conferences. This review has been studied from September 2016 to January 2022.
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Results: According to the reported results, the optimum combination of T2-w, DWI and DCE in the mp-MRI approach provides the highest sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis, localization and staging of prostate cancer. Applying the field strength of 3T versus 1.5T improves detection accuracy including improving sensitivity and specificity as well, and also the application of endorectal coils does not provide much advantage compared to pelvic phased-array coil in term of prostate cancer detection accuracy.
Conclusion: MP-MRI as a precision instrument plays a valuable role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The most suitable combination of the pulse sequences to achieve the goals of this approach is T2-w, DWI and DCE. This review is comprehensive overview covered previous articles of mp-MRI in prostate cancer for all the researchers in this field and expresses the positive and negative points of each modality. Moreover, this article reports the sensitivity and the Specificity of the recent researches.
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Siros Norozi , Paniz Poursiabidi ,
Volume 80, Issue 12 (March 2023)
Abstract
Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a quick and immediate intervention to prevent death in a person who has suddenly suffered cardiorespiratory arrest. This study aims to investigate the results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the factors affecting it with emphasis on the cause of cardiac arrest and 1-year prognosis of the saved patients.
Methods: Materials and methods: This research is a retrospective descriptive-analytical study that was conducted for 24 months, from April 1, 2017 to the end of March 2018, in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, from July 2022 to September 2022. The necessary information was collected based on the data available in the patients' files. Data analysis was done using SPSS24 software.
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Results: Out of 152 patients, 64(42.1%) were men and 88(57.9%) were women. The average in the group that had a successful CPR was 60.75 years and in the group that had an unsuccessful CPR was 68.27 years. 13.7% of all CPRs occurred during shift change. The number of CPR was 11 cases (7.2%) in changing night shift to morning, six cases (3.9%) in changing evening shift to night, and four cases (2.6%) in changing evening to night shift. Most of the patients who underwent CPR were patients with internal diseases.
Conclusion: In this study, the final success rate of CPR was close to other studies. These results indicate that performing CPR is considered at any time. However, the reasons for the failure of the rehabilitation operation should be looked for in other factors. These factors can include updating nursing and medical team’s knowledge in the field of resuscitation, experience and skills of the resuscitation team, and periodic training of the resuscitation team, which should be considered regularly in order to reduce unsuccessful cases.
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Zahra Azizi Farsani , Mehrdad Faizi, Arash Tafrisinejad , Mona Khoramjouy, Hamidreza Azizi Farsani ,
Volume 81, Issue 2 (May 2023)
Abstract
Background: Sore throat after surgery is the second most common cause of complications in recovery. It causes decreased patient satisfaction, and it affects patients’ well-being after surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ketamine and magnesium sulfate gargle on sore throat after laminectomy.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 69 candidates for laminectomy patients in Shohade-Tajrish hospital from June 2021 to December 2022 were randomly assigned to three groups of ketamine (n=25), magnesium (n=23) and control (n=21). The Magnesium group received magnesium sulfate gargle (30 mg/kg in a total of 30 ml 5% Dextrose water), Ketamine gargle (0.5 mg/kg in a total of 30 ml 5% Dextrose water), and the control group received 30 ml 5% Dextrose water gargle. Standard similar anesthesia protocols were applied for all patients. In PACU (0) and 2, 4, 24 hours afterward sore throat was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) scoring.
| Results: The study showed that the incidence of sore throat in the magnesium group was lower than ketamine. Comparison of the three groups at the time of recovery (0), 2, 4, and 24 hours after surgery showed that the differences between the three groups were significant in terms of sore throat. Also, the difference in the incidence of sore throat within each group in the four times in all three groups was statistically significant (P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between age, gender, body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure, duration of intubation, duration of surgery and anesthesia, size of laryngoscopy insertion and Cormack and Lehane score in the three studied groups. A drop in systolic blood pressure was observed in the both groups half an hour after the operation, which was statistically significant. Changes in diastolic blood pressure were significant only in the magnesium group. |
Conclusion: The preventive effect of "magnesium sulfate gargle" on sore throat after laminectomy is much better than "ketamine" or "placebo" gargle.
Yasamin Kaheni, Ali Mirsadeghi, Mohammad Ali Raisolsadat , Mohammad Javad Ghamari , Mohammad Barhemmat , Tooraj Zandbaf,
Volume 81, Issue 4 (July 2023)
Abstract
Background: Due to the prevalence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, controlling common problems after this surgery is essential. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 222 patients over 18 years old with symptomatic gallstones who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from March 2021 to February 2022 in Mashhad Medical Sciences of Islamic Azad University Hospitals, were included. The amount of analgesic received after surgery was the same for all patients (Acetaminophen 1 gram intravenously every 8 hours and diclofenac 100 mg rectal every 8 hours). Demographic information of patients, body mass index, history of abdominal surgery, duration of surgery, carbon dioxide pressure, type of surgery (elective or emergency), number of surgical incisions, and pain intensity six and 24 hours after surgery (using a visual analog scale) were collected, and finally, the findings were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 26.
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Results: Out of 222 patients, 179 cases were women (80.6%), and their average age and body mass index were 44.68±12.27 years and 27.08±4.7 kg/m2, respectively. In our study, 110 people (49.5%) had a history of abdominal surgery, of which cesarean section was the most common delete. Pain six and 24 hours after the operation was more common in women than in men, and surgery with three incisions was more painful than surgery with four incisions (P<0.05). In patients with a history of surgery, the pain was greater in six hours after surgery (P<0.05). Pain 24 hours after the operation in patients with gas pressure less than or equal to 14mmHg was greater than in patients with gas pressure greater than 14 mmHg (P<0.05). Pain six and 24 hours after surgery according to age, body mass index, type of surgery (emergency or elective), and duration of surgery had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).
Conclusion: In our study, female gender, use of three incisions for surgery, and history of previous surgery were associated with more pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Samad Golshani, Zahra Azizi, Aliasghar Farsavian, Abbas Alipour,
Volume 81, Issue 5 (August 2023)
Abstract
Background: Coronary angiography is an elective method to confirm or rule out coronary artery disease and to decide on the treatment plan but it is an invasive method and it has some complications. The most important and common complication was hematoma. It could be the cause of mortality and morbidity. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the time of hematoma occurrence after angioplasty and investigating the effect of various factors (for example age, sex, BMI, BP, hematocrit, anticoagulant agent, etc.) on the occurrence of hematoma.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study from March 2022 to March 2023 in Mazandaran heart center. The study population was patients who underwent angioplasty through the femoral artery. If the ACT is less than 150-180, sheet removal was done by applying pressure with the hand on the proximal puncture site for 15-20 minutes and ensuring sufficient hemostasis. Then, the ultrasound of the puncture site was performed before pulling the sheet/one hour and six hours after pulling the sheet, and after collecting the data, the data were analyzed to study the effect of BMI, BP, sex, hematocrit, hemoglobin, age, time of sheet removal, anticoagulant agent, etc. on prevalence of hematoma and it size.
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Results: 200 patients were examined, of which 44(22%) had hematoma. Women had hematoma more than men (P<0.05). BMI and blood pressure in patients with hematoma decreased and increased, respectively (P<0.05). Older age, female gender, lower hematocrit, and longer duration of sheet retention were effective factors in increasing hematoma size (P<0.05). In the logistic regression model, with increasing BMI, the chance of hematoma occurrence decreased (P=0.029, OR=0.831).
Conclusion: Controlling blood pressure and preventing of decreasing the hematocrit, reduces the incidence of hematoma in patients after angiography. Also, preventing hematocrit drop and removal of sheet at the appropriate time, can prevent of increasing in size of hematoma. There is some difference between nursing report and sonography finding. Nursing report overestimated the hematoma size.
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Ali Samady Khanghah , Maryam Khalesi , Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hokmabadi, Khashayar Atqiaee,
Volume 81, Issue 8 (November 2023)
Abstract
Background: Crohn's disease is considered a heterogeneous disorder with multi-factorial etiologies, in which the interaction of genetics and environment manifests the disease. Adverse childhood experiences can affect future physical and mental health outcomes. The rich innervation of the intestine with the Vagus nerve and hormonal interactions on the one hand and the constant contact of the digestive system with various pathogenic and non-pathogenic antigens have a proven role in autoimmune diseases and can gradually be chosen as a therapeutic goal.
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Case Presentation: We are reporting a case of Crohn's flare-up after trauma in a pediatric case. A 2.5-year-old male with a through and through anal trauma was presented in Akbar Children's Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, Spring 2023 with active bleeding but conscious. He then underwent a physical examination under general anesthesia in the operating room. At the Lithotomy position, a penetrating wound at the 3 o'clock anal verge and a tear in the perineal area at 9 o'clock, which, according to the evidence of pus discharge, were seen hours after the incident which was irrigated with normal saline and Hydrogen Peroxide respectively. Due to the contamination of the area, a supportive colostomy was decided to be closed after six months. At the appointed time during the colonoscopy, the pediatric gastroenterologist noticed extensive inflammation in the distal patch of the colon, which was consistent with Crohn's disease. Histopathological studies then confirmed this diagnosis. This was even though there were no symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in the history of the boy's illness before the accident. The patient is then treated with prednisolone, Asacol, and ciprofloxacin, and after the disease subsides, the colostomy surgery team closes the disease.
Conclusion: Trauma can be an immune-disrupting factor in the digestive system, and trying to reset the brain-gut axis can be chosen as a therapeutic goal.
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Dorsa Mannani, Masoud Mohammadi,
Volume 81, Issue 8 (November 2023)
Abstract
Narjes Mohammadzadeh , Seyed Rasoul Mirsharifi , Alireza Abkhoo , Soroush Kohansal, Mohammad Ashouri ,
Volume 81, Issue 9 (December 2023)
Abstract
Background: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, a symptom that can become the cause of a life-threatening condition, has a 33 per 100,000 prevalence. The origin of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in most cases is the small intestine, colon, or anorectal parts. Surgical consultation in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the most necessary measures so that the patient can be treated at the appropriate stage with a greater chance of success before reaching shock. In the case of uncontrolled gastrointestinal bleeding, surgery is recommended as soon as possible when endoscopic and radiological treatments are not possible or effective.
Case Presentation: In this article, we present a case of uncontrolled lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a 50-year-old patient who was admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran on December 15, 2021. Despite performing appropriate paraclinic measures such as sonography, endoscopy, and colonoscopy the gastrointestinal bleeding origin was not determined. On the other hand, our investigations showed that she had liver cirrhosis. Due to the instability of the patient's condition due to continued lower gastrointestinal bleeding, the medical team decided to perform surgery. The surgeon noticed that the origin of the bleeding was a vascular entanglement at the small intestine-navel junction, and the procedure involved segmental excision of the small intestine.
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Conclusion: In cirrhotic patients, lower gastrointestinal bleeding is an emergency condition, and if the source of the bleeding is not accessible via endoscopy or colonoscopy, diagnosing and treatment become extremely difficult. Computed tomography angiography and subsequent surgery are effective approaches for diagnosing and treating these conditions. When lower gastrointestinal bleeding is uncontrolled, exploratory laparotomy should be considered. Due to the unknown origin of bleeding, exploratory laparotomy may not be successful, so using endoscopy during surgery can help to diagnose the location of the lesion in these cases; However, in some cases despite all measures, the source of bleeding may not be determined, in these case the rate of rebleeding after surgery will be high.
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Naeemeh Kalali, Sogand Mirshah, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimzadeh , Bibi Fatemeh Kalalinia, Ali Moradi, Azar Gharib, Nafiseh Jirofti ,
Volume 81, Issue 12 (March 2024)
Abstract
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For over 50 years, bone cement has been used to strengthen artificial joints like hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. The main purpose of bone cement is to fill the space between the prosthesis and the bone. This absorbs the forces on the joint by creating an elastic area. Besides ensuring the long-term stability of the artificial implant, it also improves the damaged bone. Polymeric bone cement consists of a polymer matrix known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a liquid monomer called methyl methacrylate (MMA). When these two components are mixed, a free radical polymerization reaction occurs, leading to the cement's hardening at the place of use. The properties of bone cement, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and handling characteristics, can be adjusted by combining the effective polymerization parameters. However, there are some challenges, such as heat generation during polymerization.
Ceramic bone cement is a composite material of ceramic particles dispersed in a polymer matrix, including calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate. The ceramic particles provide strength and bioactivity, while the polymer matrix enhances the transport properties of the cement. This combination results in a mechanically stable, bone-conductive, and biocompatible cement. Moreover, ceramic bone cement can be engineered to release therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics or growth factors, to prevent infection and foster bone regeneration. Ceramic bone cement is a promising alternative material for bone cement in joint replacement. However, more research and development are required to optimize the properties of bone cement and overcome the challenges associated with its use. With continued advancements in biomaterials, ceramic and polymer bone cement could revolutionize the field of orthopedic surgery and improve patient outcomes. Recent research has focused on developing new bone cement with improved properties like bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and drug delivery capabilities. These developments aim to enhance the performance of bone cement and remove the current limitations in orthopedic applications. In this review study, we will focus on the types of bone cement, their mechanical, biological, and structural properties, and how to optimize them.
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Morad Ali Zareipour, Shahla Mohammad Khani , Behjat Khorsandi , Faezeh Afkhami Aghda , Fateme Moshirenia, Mahdieh Hardani Naeemzadeh ,
Volume 82, Issue 1 (April 2024)
Abstract
Background: The type of delivery significantly affects a woman's life and her newborn's health. Various factors, including medical conditions, personal preferences, and cultural influences, shape this decision. Increasing cesarean delivery rates have raised concerns about associated risks. This study examines the health impacts of different delivery types on mothers and newborns in Yazd hospitals, with a focus on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved a substantial cohort of 69,321 mothers who delivered in Yazd between March 21, 2018 to March 20, 2022. Comprehensive data were collected from Iman Hospital and relevant online patient records. To analyze the relationship between delivery type and health outcomes, independent samples t test and chi-square test were utilized. Additionally, odds ratios were calculated to assess relative risks concerning various maternal and neonatal outcomes. SPSS 26 software was employed for all analyses, with a significance level set at 5% to ensure robustness in the findings.
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Results: The average age of participants in the study was 34.45±6.44 years, highlighting a mature population of mothers. Neonatal outcomes indicated that babies delivered naturally were more likely to have unfavorable Apgar scores (ranging from four to six) when compared to infants delivered via cesarean section (CI=0.99-1.55, P=0.05, OR=1.24). Furthermore, naturally delivered infants showed a significantly higher likelihood of having Apgar scores below six (CI=0.90-1.03, P=0.001). Alarmingly, the odds of neonatal death were found to be 1.22 times higher for cesarean births (CI=1.19-1.25, P<0.001). Additionally, mothers who underwent cesarean deliveries exhibited nearly a 4.9 times higher likelihood of requiring intensive care after delivery (CI=4.71-5.12, P<0.001, OR=4.9) and were 14.3 times more likely to be hospitalized postoperatively compared to those who had natural deliveries (CI=3.53-1.31, P<0.001, OR=14.33).
Conclusion: This study indicates that cesarean delivery is associated with higher complications for both mothers and newborns, highlighting the need to promote natural childbirth for better health outcomes.
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Fatemeh Parsa , Fariborz Bagheri, Hossein Mahdian,
Volume 82, Issue 3 (June 2024)
Abstract
Background: Considering the significant increase in suicidal tendencies and attempts during puberty, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy compared to emotion-focused therapy in increasing the resilience of female students who attempted suicide in the past has been was evaluated.
Methods: semi-experimental research was used with a pre-test and post-test design. The target population was female students of the first and second grade of high school who attempted suicide and referred to the counseling center of the General Directorate of Education, and the research was conducted from the time of data collection to the time of implementation from May 2022 to June 2023 was conducted in the counseling center under the supervision of the science and research department of Islamic Azad University, Tehran branch, was conducted and the available sampling method was selected and randomly and a total of 30 people were divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control groups (15 people). First, Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire (2003) was taken from all three groups. The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of emotion-focused compassion therapy, while the control group received no intervention. After the end of the treatment sessions, the resilience questionnaire of Connor and Davidson (2003) was administered again and repeated after one month of follow-up. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests (multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of variance).
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Results: The results obtained from the data analysis showed a significant difference in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up resilience averages in the three groups. Resilience scores for the experimental groups were significant at P < 0.05, which indicates a significant difference. Additionally, the compassion-focused therapy group showed greater improvements in resilience compared to the emotion-focused group.
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Conclusion: These findings confirm the positive effect of both types of treatment on the resilience of female students who have previously attempted suicide, and compassion-focused therapy was more effective than emotion-focused therapy
Romina Ghazi Mirsaid , Shirin Farahyar, Shahram Mahmoudi ,
Volume 82, Issue 3 (June 2024)
Abstract
Khadije Sohrabi, Abbas Ali Gaeini , Elham Shirzad , Shahram Khorshidi , Shahriar Nafissi, Hamid Reza Fateh,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (July 2024)
Abstract
Background: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. It is classified into five types (from type 0 to 4) based on the age of onset of symptoms and maximum motor function. This autosomal recessive mutation results in progressive weakness and atrophy of the proximal muscles. Due to the high cost of treatment, the critical timing of intervention, and the varied responses of patients, many individuals do not sufficiently benefit from current therapeutic methods. This study evaluates the impact of resistance training on the quality of life and fatigue in patients with SMA type III, considering the potential benefits of such training.
Methods: The present study was developmental and semi-experimental. Fourteen ambulatory patients with SMA type III were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The exercise group engaged in lower limb resistance training at an intensity of 6 to 8 on an adult resistance exercise scale for 10 weeks (25 sessions). During this period, the control group maintained their usual daily activities. Patients in the exercise group did not engage in any exercise activity other than the protocol of the present study. Patients' quality of life was measured with the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, and fatigue severity was measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), both evaluated pre- and post-intervention. The assessments and exercises were conducted in the occupational therapy department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran, from July 2023 to September 2023.
Results: Analysis of the results showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the exercise group compared to the control group in the subscales of physical functioning and fatigue within the quality of life assessment. Additionally, notable differences were found between the groups on the fatigue intensity scale. However, No significant difference was observed in the patients' Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements.
Conclusion: Progressive resistance training of the lower limbs enhances the quality of life and reduces fatigue in patients with SMA type III. |
Mohammad Parsa Mahjoub , Naser Kechuian, Mohammad Haji Aghajani , Hossein Aghamiri , Ainaz Samadi, Fateme Omidi ,
Volume 82, Issue 7 (October 2024)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular surgery is sometimes associated with brain consequences such as cognitive disorders. Diagnosis of cognitive disorders risk factors in cardiovascular patients is important for increasing patient satisfaction and success after (CABG). In the present study, the frequency of cognitive disorders in cardiovascular patients and its effective factors were investigated.
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Methods: In the current cross-sectional study that was conducted from September 2019 to the February 2022, 60 cardiovascular patients undergoing CABG surgery were selected by convenience sampling method. Demographic, clinical, and intraoperative information was recorded for participants in the data collection form. Mini–Mental State Examination quesionary.
Results: The results showed that 15% of participants had cognitive impairment. Gender and age were the actual variables on the incidence of cognitive disorders after CABG surgery. The frequency of cognitive disorders in women was 14 times higher than men and 6.5 times higher in the elderly. Elderely population was considered as 65 years old or above. The clinical variables such as blood transfusion under surgery and ejection fraction<40% were effective factor for incidence of cognitive disorders in cardiovascular patients.
Conclusion: The CABG surgery may be associated with cognitive disorders in cardiovascular patients, which is more common in women and the elderly. Further studies are recommended to confirm the results of the present study and identify the related risk factors.
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Ebrahim Piri, Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Anders Stålman,
Volume 82, Issue 7 (October 2024)
Abstract
Farkhondeh Jamshidi, Maryam Mirsalar, Mehdi Torabizadeh, Mehrnoosh Zakerkish , Maryam Rostami, Maryam Moradi ,
Volume 82, Issue 9 (December 2024)
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various complications, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal infections. This study aimed to measure the level of vitamin D in the umbilical cord blood of full-term and premature babies and consider the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women.
Methods: In this case-control study, maternal vitamin D levels and umbilical cord blood vitamin D levels were estimated in March 2023 at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz. The information obtained from questionnaires and laboratory measurements was statistically analyzed. Two groups of term or preterm infants delivered vaginally were enrolled in this study. As part of routine delivery room protocols, 2 mL of umbilical cord blood was collected from each neonate in a non-heparinized tube. The results were determined, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was determined. The samples were categorized into three groups based on vitamin D serum levels: less than 20 ng/ml (severe deficiency), 20-29 ng/ml (moderate deficiency), and higher than 30 ng/ml (normal group).
Results: In this study, 39 term infants (55.7%) and 31 preterm infants (44.3%) participated. The mean umbilical cord blood vitamin D levels were 44.15 ± 24.33 ng/mL in term infants and 30.98 ± 17.05 ng/mL in preterm infants. Similarly, maternal vitamin D levels averaged 17.09 ± 7.87 ng/mL for term pregnancies and 18.76 ± 6.6 ng/mL for preterm pregnancies. Preterm babies had higher odds of underlying diseases (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 0.51-10.53). Multivitamin consumption was more prevalent among mothers of premature babies (71%). No significant differences in vitamin D levels were found between term and preterm babies or their mothers (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of multivitamin consumption among pregnant women, particularly those at risk of preterm delivery. The increased likelihood of underlying conditions and delayed recovery of vitamin D levels in preterm infants underscores the need for targeted interventions. Moreover, healthcare providers should emphasize vitamin D supplementation and monitoring.
Mohammad Haji Aghajani , Mohammad Parsa Mahjoob , Reza Miri , Roxana Sadeghi , Fatemeh Omidi , Maryam Roozitalab,
Volume 82, Issue 9 (December 2024)
Abstract
Background: Changes in the heart during pregnancy, especially changes in the left side of the heart, have been evaluated in various studies. However, alterations in the right ventricle have not been well studied. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the changes in echocardiographic indices of the right ventricle in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 pregnant women, as case group, in their second trimester who were referred to the perinatology clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, were examined by trans-thoracic echocardiography From April 4, 2023, to April 10, 2024. The results of the control group were compared with 30 age-matched non-pregnant and healthy women, as the control group. Exclusion criteria included multiple gestation, maternal age > 40, underlying cardiovascular disease, and significant obstetric or fetal complications. Hemodynamics and demographic data including age, height, weight, and body mass index were recorded and compared. Also, the anatomical and functional indices of the right ventricle were evaluated and compared.
Results: 60 participants were enrolled in this study. The two investigated groups were similar in terms of age, but the weight, height, and BMI were significantly different in the two groups; Such that weight and body mass index were significantly higher in pregnant women and height in non-pregnant women (p<0.05). Comparison of echocardiographic indices showed that tricuspid regurgitation gradient (TRG) and fractional area change (FAC) were significantly different in the two groups (in pregnant women, TRG index was higher and FAC index was lower (p<0.05)). Right atrium area, RV length, base of RV, mid of RV, and Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion showed no significant differences between case and control group.
Conclusion: FAC and TRG indices were significantly different between pregnant women and the control group. Paying attention to the changes in the normal values of these variables in pregnant women can be useful in improving the diagnosis of disorders and preventing the occurrence of cardiac events during pregnancy.
Tahereh Parsajam , Behnam Reza Makhsoosi, Ali Najafpour, Kimia Fathi,
Volume 83, Issue 1 (April 2025)
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones play a key role in the development of various organs of the body. The breast and thyroid are hormone-responsive organs that are closely related to changes in endocrine activity and glandular diseases. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Due to the inconsistencies in the relationship between breast cancer and thyroid diseases and the lack of regional data, the present study was designed and conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in patients with breast cancer and its relationship with the type of breast cancer and age.
Methods: In this prospective study, we examined 50 women with breast cancer who had undergone surgery after surgery. The location of this study was Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah and the duration of this study was 12 months from the beginning of March 2023 to the end of March 2024. Patient information included: age, histopathological type of cancer, and thyroid test results including serum TSH, FT4, and ATPO levels, were recorded and reviewed.
Results: Based on the results obtained, it was shown that the average age of people with thyroid disorders in patients with breast cancer was 42.88 and the standard deviation was 11.313. Also, there was no significant difference between the age of people and thyroid disorders in patients with breast cancer (P-value < 0.89). In the study of thyroid disorders in patients with breast cancer, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between patients with breast cancer and the amount of TSH and the amount of FT4. This means that people with breast cancer had an increase in the amount of TSH and the amount of FT4. However, there was no significant relationship between patients with breast cancer and the amount of ATPO (P-value < 0.319).
Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are more prevalent in patients with breast cancer than in the normal population, and given the relationship between the types of thyroid disorders and the type of breast cancer histopathology, these results can be used and screening methods can be used more effectively in those who have risk factors for breast cancer for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Behzad Iranmanesh, Ali Morsali, Nazanin Zeinali Nezhad ,
Volume 83, Issue 2 (May 2025)
Abstract
Background: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are among the most prevalent malignancies globally. Investigating their characteristics and treatment-related outcomes can significantly contribute to optimizing management strategies including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of NMSCs and the complications following surgical treatment (such as necrosis and bleeding).
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted to investigate the features of patients initially diagnosed with NMSC (confirmed by histopathological examination of the lesion) at dermatology ward of Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, between 2018 and 2021. Inclusion criteria were definitive diagnosis (based on the result of pathology) of an NMSC and undergoing surgical management. Exclusion criteria included incomplete patient records. Relevant data were extracted and recorded using a data collection form. Finally, all collected information was statistically analyzed according to the study objectives, and the overall frequency of NMSC surgeries, as well as their frequency based on study variables, was reported descriptively.
Results: A total of 37 NMSC surgeries were performed. The majority were basal cell carcinomas located on the face. Over half of the patients were male, and most had underlying medical conditions despite lacking common risk factors such as smoking and sun exposure. The most common flap techniques used were rotational flap, island pedicle flap, and H-plasty flap. Two complications were observed: one case of bleeding at the surgical site and one case of wound edge necrosis, both occurring one week post-operation.
Conclusion: In the southeastern region of Iran, NMSCs requiring surgical treatment showed a lower prevalence than anticipated. However, their pathological and demographic characteristics were consistent with global observations. The incidence of post-surgical complications was also low. Nevertheless, future studies with larger sample sizes in this region and across the country are recommended to enhance the reliability of these findings.
Fatemeh Mollarahimi-Maleki , Pershang Nazemi, Maryam Yousefi,
Volume 83, Issue 5 (August 2025)
Abstract
Background: One of the most common cancers in women is cervical cancer, which is the most preventable cancer leading to death among women worldwide. Among the causes related to cervical cancer, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main factor responsible for causing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of high-risk HPVs (HPV16 and HPV18) and to determine the immediate absolute risk of CIN2+ in individuals with a positive HPV test.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included women who tested positive for HPV and visited the Gynecologic Oncology Clinic at Tehran University of Medical Sciences from October 2022 to March 2025. Individuals with a positive high-risk HPV result were referred for colposcopy and biopsy. The immediate absolute risk of CIN2+ in HPV-positive patients with HPV16, HPV18, or concurrent HPV16/18 genotypes (Multi. HPV+) was evaluated across different cytologic grades, ranging from NILM (Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy) to SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma).
Results: A total of 727 patients participated in the study. The mean age and standard deviation of the participants were 35.99 and 8.48 years, respectively. Among all referrals, the number of women who were positive only for HPV 16 was 170 (23%), and 24 (3.3%) were positive only for HPV 18. The highest number of positive cases for HPV16 and HPV18 were in the age range of 30 to 39 years (45%). In the Multi. HPV+ group, the highest number was observed in individuals under 29 years old (50%). The calculated immediate absolute risk of CIN2+ in HPV16+ individuals was 14% for NILM and 8.6% for ASCUS, while in HPV18+ individuals, it was 8.3% for NILM.
Conclusion: Cytologic triage combined with HPV genotyping testing can be utilized firstly as an approach to identify cellular abnormalities in HPV-infected individuals and subsequently as an appropriate method to reduce referrals for colposcopy.
