Showing 165 results for RS
Seyed Masoud Hashemi , Mahshid Nikooseresht , Farshad Hassanzadeh Kiyabi ,
Volume 71, Issue 6 (September 2013)
Abstract
Background: Ischaemic pain counts among the most difficult to treat pains in palliative care. Ischemic pain is frequently severe, and usually resistant to available analgesics. Treatment of this condition is difficult, especially when the condition is inoperable.
Case presentation: A 36-year-old woman with the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with severe ischemic pain in the lower leg due to vascular problems presented to Akhtar Hospital. The patient was arranged for lumbar sympathetic block which was performed in two stages with one week interval. In the procedure, a long needle with No. 22 gauge and the length of 15 cm was used. Under view of fluoroscopy guide, 10 cc marcaine 0.125% was injected. In the second stage, 5 cc of marcaine 0.25% and 5 cc of phenol 0.6% were used. Pain improvement was observed immediately after neurolytic lumbar sympathetic block. Three-month follow up period revealed improvement of quality of life.
Conclusion: Lumbar sympathetic block is considered as a safe and useful technique. Clinically, the technique is effective for pain relief in patients who develop lower leg pain due to vasculitis.
Hossein Fakhrzadeh , Farshad Sharifi , Neda Mehrdad , Fatemeh Jafaraghaeii , Zohreh Badamchizadeh , Neda Nazari ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (October 2013)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the association of serum adiponectin and a set of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with carotid artery intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcium score (CACS), as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with early type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Carotid artery intima- media thickness (measured by B-mode ultrsonography), coronary artery calcium score (determined by high resolution computed tomography), serum adiponectin, Fasting blood sugar, serum lipids, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were measured in 123 asymptomatic newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellituss and 152 age and sex matched healthy control subjects.
Results: Serum adiponectin and lipids were significantly lower in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P<0.01). Left, right and mean carotid artery intima- media thickness, coronary artery calcium score, fasting blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher among diabetic patients compared to healthy controls (P<0.05). Mean carotid artery intima- media thickness was positively and independently related to age (P<0.001) and triglyceride (P=0.01) in diabetic group. Coronary artery calcium score was associated positively with age (P=0.004) and inversely with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P=0.002) among diabetics.
Conclusion: Although adiponectin was lower in diabetics compared to controls, it had no significant association with carotid artery intima- media thickness and coronary artery calcium score as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. In patients with type 2 diabetes in addition to age, serum triglyceride levels are correlated with carotid artery intima- media thickness, while HDL cholesterol is inversely correlated with coronary artery calcium score.
Amir Farhang Zand Parsa, Soudabeh Nejati , Alireza Esteghamati ,
Volume 71, Issue 9 (December 2013)
Abstract
Background: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) came up with the recent researches regarding new biomarkers for the diagnosis of heart failure. AGEs are the end products of non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleotides during Maillard biochemical reaction. Although it has been known that AGEs have a role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF), information regarding its role and its pathogenetic mechanism is very limited. The aim of this study was to find any relationship between AGEs with the etiology and severity of chronic heart failure.
Methods: This study is a prospective cross sectional study that enrolled 85 patients with chronic heart failure. Measurement of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was done by echocardiography. Blood samples were collected for measuring AGEs just before or after echocardiography assessment (in the same session). Measurement of AGEs was done by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The relationship between AGEs with the severity of CHF and as well as the etiology of CHF were evaluated via SPSS-15.
Results: Of 85 patients 48 (56.5%) patients were male and 37 (43.5%) were female Mean±SD of their ages was 55.8±13.4 years old (ranges from 27 to 84 years). Correlation coefficient between LVEF and AGEs was 0.269 (P=0.013). Mean of AGEs in patients with and without ischemic etiology of their heart failure were 16.8±9.8µg/ml and 11.6±7.3 µg/ml, respectively. Although trend was in favor of ischemic heart failure, the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P= 0.141).
Conclusion: According to this study the rate of AGES could be helpful in the diagnosis and assessment of severity of CHF. Based on our findings, higher blood levels of AGEs in the ischemic CHF cases, also it could be concluded that in the future this marker may be used for etiologic differentiation of heart failure syndrome.
Peiman Haddad , Zhaleh Karimimoghaddam , Farshid Farhan , Mahbod Esfahani , Mahdieh Afkhami , Farnaz Amouzegar-Hashemi,
Volume 71, Issue 11 (February 2014)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal carcinoma is a common malignancy, in treatment of which pelvic radiotherapy plays an important role. But this may lead to azospermia. We designed a study to determine the delivered dose to the testis with thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) and compare it to the dose calculated by the Three-dimensional planning software.
Methods: We measured the testicular doses by TLD the TLDs were fixed to the scrotum in six points anteriorly and posteriorly in two random fractions of the radiation course. All patients received a 50-50.4 Gy radiation dose to the pelvis in a prone position with standard fractionation and 3-dimensional planning, through three or four fields. The average dose of the TLD measurements was compared to the average of 6 relevant point doses calculated by the planning software.
Results: In 33 patients with a mean age of 56 years, the mean testis dose of radiation measured by TLD was 3.77 Gy, equal to 7.5% of the total prescribed dose. The mean of point doses calculated by the 3-dimensional planning software was 4.11 Gy, equal to 8.1% of the total prescribed dose. A significant relationship was seen between the position of the inferior edge of the fields and the mean testis dose (P= 0.04). Also body mass index (BMI) was inversely related with the testicular dose (P= 0.049).
Conclusion: In this study, the mean testis dose of radiation was 3.77 Gy, similar to the dose calculated by the planning software (4.11 Gy). This dose could be significantly harmful for spermatogenesis, though low doses of scattered radiation to the testis in fractionated radiotherapy might be followed with better recovery. Based on above findings, careful attention to testicular dose in radiotherapy of rectal cancer for the males desiring continued fertility seems to be required.
Amir Farhang Zand Parsa, Parsa Faryadras , Alireza Esteghamati, Naser Gilani Larimi,
Volume 71, Issue 11 (February 2014)
Abstract
Background: Although a few studies have shown the positive correlation between patients’ serum concentration of 25 OH-Vitamin D3 and type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance, there are controversies regarding the relationship between 25 OH-Vitamin D3 as a risk factor for cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases that has to be cleared. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the rate of 25 OH-Vitamin D3 and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Patients with suspected CAD.
Methods: This study was a cross sectional study that has been conducted in the department of cardiology in Imam Khomeini Hospital complex in collaboration with endocrinology research center. In this study 178 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled. Based on their history and clinical findings coronary angiography was performed in all patients. Severity of CAD has been assessed by using Gensini score, based on their coronary angiography findings. The relationship between severity of CAD and their serum level of 25 OH-Vitamin D3 was evaluated. Serum level of 25OH- Vitamin D3 was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method by Euroimmiune kits (from Germany).
Results: Of 178 patients, 50 (28.1%) were female and 128 (71.9%) were male. Mean±SD of their ages was 56.2±11.8 years old. Significant coronary artery stenosis (stenosis more than 50% luminal diameter) was observed in 91 (51.1%) of patients. Mean±SD of serum level of vitamin D3 in patients with CAD was 45±35 nm/l and in patients without CAD was 55±44 nm/l (P= 0.047). Mean±SD of Gensini score was 26.3±21.1, as well. Therefore correlation coefficient between 25 OH-Vitamin D3 and Gensini score was -0.262 (P= 0.043).
Conclusion: Although there is a trend toward association between deficiencies of 25 OH-Vitamin D3 and the presence of CAD but their association is not statistically significant. For achieving more convincing findings larger studies are needed.
Leila Pourali , Sedigheh Ayati , Fatemeh Vahidroodsari , Manizhe Javanmard , Faezeh Poursadrollah,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (March 2014)
Abstract
Background: Twin pregnancy with a fetus and a diploid complete mole is not rare, but, the cases of twin pregnancy with a partial mole are rare. Nowadays, the prevalence of these cases has been increased due to the high rate of assisted reproductive techniques in reproductive medicine. The importance of twin pregnancy with a fetus and a diploid complete mole is mainly due to systemic complications such as hypertension and maternal hemorrhage and the possibility of trophoblastic tumor following delivery. Different studies have reported some results about similar cases, but limited case reports are presented in our country. The aim of this study is to report a case with incomplete molar pregnancy concomitant with a live fetus.
Case presentation: A 21 yr old woman (G2 ab1) referred to emergency department of Ghaem University Hospital in Mashhad. She complained of scant vaginal bleeding and spotting and a sonography report of a combined molar and normal pregnancy with 15 weeks gestational aged. During hospitalization, the pregnancy complicated with hypertension and proteinuria. Termination of pregnancy was planned at 17th weeks of gestation due to severe preeclampsia. After evacuation of uterus, during follow up visits, -hCG titer raised. Metastasis evaluation was negative. Pathology reports showed patial mole. Then, three doses of methotrexate (50 mg/m2 intra muscular) was administered and finally, according to the monthly follow up, -hCG level was undetectable.
Conclusion: The rate of pregnancy complications such as hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and obstetrics hemorrhage and also the risk of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm (GTN) are increasing in incomplete molar pregnancy. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment of molar pregnancy is very important to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
Shahla Afsharpaiman , Amir Skandari , Zareian Jahromi Maryam , Shokoofeh Radfar , Shahnaz Shirbazoo , Susan Amirsalari , Mohammad Torkaman ,
Volume 72, Issue 2 (May 2014)
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii, is a mandatory intracellular protozoa, that many people worldwide are infected with. In children, the infection enters central nervous system and leads to inflammation of the gray matter. Autism, is a complex develop-mental disorder, altering social communication, with unknown origin. Neuropathologi-cal changes in autism are the same as those occurred in brain toxoplasmosis. The objective of this survey was to evaluate positive serology of toxoplasma gondii, in autistic children.
Methods: This case-control study was done on 3-12 years old children, referring to the neurology and psychiatry sub-special clinics of Baqiyatallah hospital and also autistic children of Omid-e Asr and Navid-e Asr general rehabilitation centers in Tehran, Iran. The study performed at 2012-2013. Forty autistic children were placed in the case group and 40 children, suffering from no neuropsychiatric disease or other ones, were placed in the control group. A folder, containing demographic data, type of the disor-der, onset of diagnosis and child characteristics at birth, such as time of birth (preterm/ term) fulfilled for each child. Sampling was done with 5 ml blood, for determining IgM and IgG antibody levels against toxoplasma gondii, using ELISA method. Data ana-lyzed by the software SPSS ver. 17 and descriptive and analytic analysis were done, us-ing central and dispersion indexes and also chi-Square test.
Results: The autistic group contained 34 boys and 6 girls (85 and 15 percent respectively), with the average age of 6 (±2.71) years old [minimum of 2.33 and maximum of 12]. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 4.01 (±1.87) years old. 87. The non-autistic group contained 17 boys and 23 girls (42.5 and 57.5 percent respectively), with the average age of 5.67 (±3.09) years old [minimum of two and maximum of 12]. IgM and IgG serology of all autistic children were negative, while in non-autistic group, 2.5 percent (1 child) were positive and 97.5 percent (39 ones) were negative. There were no statistically significant difference among these two groups according to the serology results.
(P=0.31).
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in comparing positive se-rology of toxoplasmosis, between the two groups. However, to obtain a perfect result, a larger sample size are required.
Mohammad Javad Fatemi , Amir Asadollah Khajerahimi , Babak Nikoumaram , Maryam Sakhaei , Shabnam Mostafavi , Amir Atashi , Mirsepehr Pedram , Seyed Hamid Reza Aghayan, Shirin Araghi , Majid Soltani , Majid Mossahebi Mohammadi ,
Volume 72, Issue 6 (September 2014)
Abstract
Background: Stem cells are applied in the treatment of wide range of diseases and can be separated from different tissues of the body. These cells can treat diseases by cytokine and growth factor secretion and also cell differentiation. Burn wound is a challenging problem of reconstructive surgery and stem cells may help wound healing process. We designed this study to evaluate the beneficial effect of fat derived stem cells for coverage of 3rd degree burn wound.
Methods: This study was experimental and has been done in Burn Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences during January 2012 to April 2013. Thirty rats randomly divided to three equal groups. Inguinal fat of 10 rats (one group) were used for preparation of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Acellular amnion was used as a scaffold for stem cell transfer. Each of the thirty rats had been exposed to a cm deep 3rd degree burn on back area. 24 hours after surgery, the wound was excised and it had been covered by three methods: conventional dressing in the first group, acellular amnion in the second group and acellular amnion seeded with adipose-derived stem cell in the third group. The rate of wound healing and pathologic characteristics was compared in all three groups.
Results: Healing rate and decrease in wounds size was significantly better in acellular amnion seeded with adipose-derived stem cells compared with other two groups at 3rd and 15th days after surgery P<0.01.
Also in histopathology examination, fibroplasia and neovascularization of wounds were significantly better in stem cells group than the other two groups P<0.001.
Conclusion: Acellular amnion seeded with adipose-derived stem cell can result in faster wound healing and better histopathology characteristic. The amnion as a scaffold and the fat derived stem cells as healing accelerator are recommended for coverage of the 3rd degree burn wounds after excision and it may reduce the need for skin graft.
Seyed Javad Ghazimirsaeed, Zahra Pouramini ,
Volume 72, Issue 12 (March 2015)
Abstract
Background: Due to the overlap between the databases of the subject and content, resulting in the purchase of duplication and waste of resources, in this study, the degree of overlap between respiratory system papers indexed in the database, Scopus and Web of Science during the years 2001 to 2010 were examined.
Methods: In this survey study, researcher followed by obtaining percent overlap in the articles related to respiratory system field from 2001 to 2010. At first sub-headings contained in the following subject headings from medical thesaurus of (Mesh 2012) extracted and then each keyword in title of articles in both database search and articles were retrieved. Then bibliographic information of these articles enter into EndNote version X3 (Thomson Reuters Inc., New York, NY, USA) and then in alphabetical order title arranged and as a result, common articles between the two databases and unique articles to each site was determined. Using SPSS software version 0.1.0.8 amount of the relative overlap and traditional overlap between the two databases was calculated and the results by using descriptive statistics to determine and were presented in tables.
Results: In total 18099 articles were retrieved. That number of 9768 common articles, there were 7225 articles uniquely Scopus and 1106 articles from Web of Science. Amount of percent traditional overlap 53.97% and the overlap percent Web of Science with Scopus was 57.48% and Scopus with Web of Science was 89.83%.
Conclusion: Because of overlaping the contents of two information databases such as scopus and web of sciences searching for accessing to respiratory system from scopus is better due to containing unique papers ,However it is highly recommended to pay to this point while buying and sharing the mentioned resources.
Ashrafalsadat Hakim , Farshid Kompani , Mohammad Bahadoram ,
Volume 73, Issue 1 (April 2015)
Abstract
Enuresis is the inability to control urination during sleep. It is one of the most common childhood urologic disorders. Nocturnal enuresis refers to the occurrence of involuntary voiding at night after 5 years. Persistent nocturia can decrease self-esteem, increase anxiety and other emotional problems in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting nocturia amongst school-aged children. Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 200 children over a period of 3 months from 21 April to 22 July 2014 (. Subjects of this study included 200 children (100 boy and 100 girl) aged 6 to 12 years that referred to the urology clinic. Following the written consent, patients under study were divided into two groups according to gender. A questionnaire concerning the personal data was completed for each patient. Questionnaires were completed by interviewing parents. Results: Our investigation revealed that 32% of children had nocturnal enuresis. The Chi-square test demonstrated significant differences between the case and control groups in terms of gender (P= 0.002), positive family history (P= 0.004), deep sleep (P= 0.005) and high fluid intake (P= 0.00). Significant differences were not observed among enuretic children with parents' education level, income, number of family members, birth order, history of injury and hospitalization, birth of a new baby, moving house, problems at school and home, snoring, mouth breathing, urinary tract infections, constipation (P> 0.05). Conclusion: In order to control enuresis it seems essential to provide information about nocturia and its etiologic factors to the children and their parents by the physician.
Reza Habibian , Nowruz Delirezh , Amir Abbas Farshid ,
Volume 73, Issue 5 (August 2015)
Abstract
Background: Allergic Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system that is well known by increased inflammatory cells in the airways and causes difficulty in respiration. The prevalence of allergic asthma is increasing worldwide, and it has become a significant cause of health challenge especially in developed countries. Inhaled β2-agonists and Inhaled or oral corticosteroids are common medications for treating the disease, but they cannot be used for long periods of time because of frequently occurring side effects and they can’t change the main pathogenesis of the problem. Deficiency in regulatory system against inflammation could be an important factor in allergic asthma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential of cellular immunosuppressive therapy of inflammatory disorders. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of MSC therapy on mechanisms of allergic asthma in mice model.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted from August 2014 to March 2015. The animals were housed and maintained in Biotechnology Center of Urmia University, Iran. Mice were sensitized by intra-peritoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide emulsion and then were challenged intra-nasally with OVA. Before allergen challenge on day 14, experimental mice received tail vein injection of MSCs in PBS. Regulatory T cells of spleen, cytokines and IgE analysis were carried out using lungs wash as well as serum samples.
Results: Our results showed that MSCs significantly reduced total cells and eosinophilia, serum OVA-specific IgE concentration in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. Also results showed that MSCs markedly inhibited expressions of Th2 cytokines and elevated levels of Treg cells and Treg cytokines.
Conclusion: In the present study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of MSCs on airway inflammation using mice model of allergic asthma. The mice were sensitized with OVA and compared to the results of dexamethasone administration. Our results demonstrated that administration of MSCs could be used as a potential therapeutic approach for the allergic asthma.
Saba Garshasbi , Dariush Salimi , Abbas Doosti ,
Volume 73, Issue 7 (October 2015)
Abstract
Background: Cancer and obesity are two major public health concerns. More than 12 million cases of cancer are reported annually. Many reports confirmed obesity as a risk factor for cancer. The molecular relationship between obesity and breast cancer has not been clear yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate priorities of effective genes in the molecular relationship between obesity and breast cancer. Methods: In this study, computer simulation method was used for prioritizing the genes that involved in the molecular links between obesity and breast cancer in laboratory of systems biology and bioinformatics (LBB), Tehran University, Tehran, Iran, from March to July 2014. In this study, ENDEAVOUR software was used for prioritizing the genes and integrating multiple data sources was used for data analysis. Training genes were selected from effective genes in obesity and/or breast cancer. Two groups of candidate genes were selected. The first group was included the existential genes in 5 common region chromosomes (between obesity and breast cancer) and the second group was included the results of genes microarray data analysis of research Creighton, et al (In 2012 on patients with breast cancer). The microarray data were analyzed with GER2 software (R online software on GEO website). Finally, both training and candidate genes were entered in ENDEAVOUR software package. Results: The candidate genes were prioritized to four style and five genes in ten of the first priorities were repeated twice. In other word, the outcome of prioritizing of 72 genes (Product of microarray data analysis) and genes of 5 common chromosome regions (Between obesity and breast cancer) showed, 5 genes (TNFRSF10B, F2, IGFALS, NTRK3 and HSP90B1) were the priorities in the molecular connection between obesity and breast cancer. Conclusion: There are some common genes between breast cancer and obesity. So, molecular relationship is confirmed. In this study the possible effect of gene F2 polymorphism in making breast cancer associated with obesity risk factor was confirmed, the fact that past studies have not been reported.
Sara Jambarsang , Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban , Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Farid Zayeri , Ali Nikfarjam ,
Volume 73, Issue 9 (December 2015)
Abstract
Background: After primary infection, the number of CD4 T-cells decreases with disease progress. The patient’s immunological status could inform by The CD4 T-cell counts over the time. The main purpose of this study is to assess the trend of CD4 cell count in HIV+ patient that received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) by using a multistate Markov model to estimate transition intensities and transition probabilities among various states.
Methods: A total of 122 HIV+ patients were included in this cohort study who are undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy treatment in the Iran AIDS center in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran that inter during March 1995 to January 2005 and then fallow up to October 2014. All adults with at least two follow-up visits in addition to their pre-ART treatment were considered to be eligible for inclusion in the study. Continuous-time Markov processes are used to describe the evolution of a disease over different states. The mean sojourn time for each state was estimated by multi state Markov model.
Results: Sample included 22 (18%) female with a mean age of 43.32 (standard deviation 8.33) years and 100 (82%) male with a mean age of 45.28 (standard deviation 8.34) year. Age was divided in to two categories, 40 years old and lower than that 66 (54.1) patents and persons older than 40 years old 56 (45.9) patents. A total of 122 patients were included. 29 patients died during follow-up. One year transition probability for staying in state 1 of CD4 cell count was 51%. This probability for six year was 33%. The mean sojourn time for sate 4 was 21 month. The hazard ratio of transition from state 3 to state 4 was 4.4 in men related to women.
Conclusion: The use of antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV infected persons reduce viral replication and increase in CD4 T lymphocyte count, and delay the progression of disease. This paper is shown the progression of this trend.
Afsaneh Alikhasi , Monir Sadat Mirai Ashtiani , Farshid Farhan , Mehdi Aghili , Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli , Mohammad Babaei, Afsaneh Maddah-Safai, Peiman Haddad,
Volume 73, Issue 10 (January 2016)
Abstract
Background: This study investigated compatibility between post chemoradiation magnetic resonance images and histologic findings after operation and chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Methods: In this prospective study, 63 patients referred to Cancer Institute of Emam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from October 2011 to October 2013 with locally advanced rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation (50.4 Gy external beam radiation with concomitant capecitabine 825 mg/m2 PO twice a day with or without 60 mg/m2 oxaliplatin weekly). Patients had an MRI before chemoradiation and MRI assessment were used to identify Tumor (T) and lymph node (N) staging by an experienced radiologist. Patients were recommended to repeat MRI after surgery but it was not obligatory. Findings of post chemoradiation MRI and histopathologic reports were compared. Downstaging was defined as at least one stage decrease in T or N in histopathologic report comparing to their first MRI, on condition of no sign of disease progression.
Results: 32 patients (50.79%) had T downstaging and 36 of them (57.14%) showed N downstaging: none had disease progression. In this study MRI had an accuracy of 55.5% for rectal tumor (T) restaging after chemoradiation comparing to pathology. MRI sensitivity for T restaging was 33.3% to 83.3%. There was a higher possibility to have errors in restaging of T1-2 stages. Specificity of MRI for T restaging was higher than its sensitivity, 66.6%. In this study lymph node involvement (N) was determined according to morphology and size. MRI has an accuracy of 42.8% for detecting lymph node involvement. Its sensitivity and specificity for N restaging were 50% and 66.6% respectively. All patients had MRI before chemoradiation, although 21 of them repeated MRI after chemoradiation since it was not mandatory. 19 of these 21 patients underwent surgery.
Conclusion: Although MRI is a suitable imaging for staging locally advanced rectal cancer its use for restaging after chemoradiation is under question. According to this study, MRI accuracy rates for both T and N restaging were below the rates of previous studies.
Farideh Zafari Zangeneh, Ensieh Tehraninejad , Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh , Marsieh Mohebbi,
Volume 73, Issue 10 (January 2016)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common complex condition. Evidences from studies on women with PCOS and rat PCO model suggest that the sympathetic regulatory drive to the ovary may be unbalanced (hyperactivity). Findings that support the involvement of sympathetic nervous system in the pathophysiology of PCOS are that the catecholaminergic nerve fibers in the polycystic ovaries of women with PCOS are denser than in normal ovaries. The purpose of this study was reduction of this hyperactivity.
Methods: This study was clinical trial and was performed in Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during January 2013 to 2015. A total of 61 women between aged 20-40 years and BMI under 28 kg/m2, who were previously diagnosed with PCOS were assessed. The diagnosis of PCOS was made according to joint criteria of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ESHRE/ASRM). The study objectives were explained to the patients before they entered the study, and an informed consent was obtained from all. They were divided into three groups as follows: (i) two study group (n=39) and (ii) control group (n=22). For evaluating effects of alpha-2 inhibitors (Clonidine and Yohimbine) by Eliza, the following variables were evaluated before and after drug therapy: serum cortisol adrenaline (A) noradrenalin (NA) beta-endorphin (&beta-End) insulin as well as sex hormones including FSH, LH and Estradiol.
Results: Our results showed that, Clonidine as central anti-adrenergic drug causes 61% of all pregnancies in the study group. This is high percentage of the pregnancy rate compared with yohimbine (P< 0.001). Yohimbine (Indol alkaloid) as alpha-2 adenoceptor antagonist increases follicular development in this disease. This follicle growth is higher than clonidine (P< 0.01).
Conclusion: Our findings showed that increasing the pregnancy rate and follicular development represent the strategic role of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in polycystic ovary syndrome and) SNS may thus offer a novel biological and pharmacological target in treatment of PCOS.
Farshid Farhan , Cyrus Azimi , Majid Mahmoodi , Mohammad-Ali Mohagheghi , Farideh Farzanfar , Azam Noor-Mohammadi, Malihea Khaleghian , Abbas Jafari , Mehrangiz Ghaem-Maghami , Kouros Divsalar ,
Volume 74, Issue 1 (April 2016)
Abstract
Background: It is reported that high frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals is a marker of cancer predisposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro frequency of chromosomal damage in lymphocytes of patients with head and neck cancer against gamma irradiation compared with those in healthy individuals.
Methods: In a case and control study, peripheral blood lymphocytes of 101 patients with head and neck cancer were collected before the onset of radiotherapy. Lymphocytes of 40 healthy individuals were also collected as controls. Head and neck cancer patients and the control group were consecutively recruited between April 2012 and February 2015 from Clinics of Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Lymphocytes of patients or control group were cultured and exposed to gamma radiation in G2- and G0- phase of the cell cycle. The induced chromosomal aberrations such as chromosome and chromatid breakages, chromosome and chromatid gaps, chromatid exchanges and micronuclei were scored in one-hundred metaphase cells of each individual. The mean of each chromosomal aberration was compared in patient and control groups. Early and late tissue reactions were scored during radiotherapy treatment or thereafter.
Results: There was no significant difference in demographic characterization between the two study groups. The frequency of radiation- induced G2 aberrations in lymphocytes of patients was significantly higher than in those of healthy donors (P= 0.001 for chromosomal breaks). The frequency of radiation-induced micronuclei in G0 assay was also higher in patients than in those in controls (P= 0.05). The results also indicate that there is no correlation between the two assays. No significant correlation was also observed between aberration frequencies in lymphocytes and the degree of both early and late normal tissue reactions.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the in vitro chromosomal radiosensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with head and neck cancer against gamma irradiation was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals.
Hossein Fakhrzadeh , Mohamad Jafar Mahmoudi , Zahra Droudian, Farshad Sharifi , Yaser Tajalizadeh Khoob, Neda Mehrdad , Fatemeh Jafaraghaei , Zohreh Badamchizadeh ,
Volume 74, Issue 3 (June 2016)
Abstract
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Background: The relationship between serum homocysteine levels and cardiovascular diseases has been elucidated since many years ago. In this study, the association between serum levels of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 with the pulse wave velocity and Buckberg index or subendocardial viability ratio was assessed in individuals with diabetes and also non-diabetic subjects.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 58 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 36 non-diabetic people, from April to October 2013 were enrolled in Dr. Shariati Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed with standard methods. Fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Triglyceide, A1C, vitamin B12, folic acid and serum homocysteine levels as well as, highly sensitive complement-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Artherial stiffness was assessed by calculating pulse wave velocity and aortic agumentation index via Sphygmocor. In addition, Buckberg index (Subendocardial viability ratio) was assessed by dividing myocardial oxygen supply to dimand expressed as percent. The normality of distributions was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and linear regression models were utilized to detect associations.
Results: Diabetic and non-diabetic subjects differed in terms of age, history of hypertension, serum levels of homocysteine, and LDL-C (P< 0.05). The pulse wave velocity in subjects with diabetes and without diabetes were 60.91 m/s and 41.91 m/s, respectively (P= 0.01). After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariate regression analysis pulse wave velocity was associated with age and homocysteine levels in non-diabetic group, (β equal to 0.441 and 0.345, respectively), and it was related to age, diastolic blood pressure and serum levels of c-reactive protein in subject with diabetes (β= 0.417, 0.302, and 0.262, respectively).
Conclusion: Homocysteine levels in non-diabetic individuals were associated to sub-clinical atherosclerosis markers but we could not find this association in diabetic participants.
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Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh, Sogol Masoumzadeh, Shirin Nour, Sogol Kianersi, Zahra Eyvazi Zadeh, Farinaz Joneidi Shariat Zadeh, Javad Haddadnia, Farnoosh Khamseh, Nasrin Ahmadinejad,
Volume 74, Issue 6 (September 2016)
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and one of the leading of death among them. The high and increasing incidence of the disease and its difficult treatment specifically in advanced stages, imposes hard situations for different countries’ health systems. Body temperature is a natural criteria for the diagnosis of diseases. In recent decades extensive research has been conducted to increase the use of thermal cameras and obtain a close relationship between heat and temperature of the skin's physiology. Thermal imaging (thermography) applies infrared method which is fast, non-invasive, non-contact and flexibile to monitor the temperature of the human body. This paper investigates highly diversified studies implemented before and after the year 2000. And it emphasizes mostly on the newely published articles including: performance and evaluation of thermal imaging, the various aspects of imaging as well as The available technology in this field and its disadvantages in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Thermal imaging has been adopted by researchers in the fields of medicine and biomedical engineering for the diagnosis of breast cancer. With the advent of modern infrared cameras, data acquisition and processing techniques, it is now possible to have real time high resolution thermographic images, which is likely to surge further research in this field. Thermography does not provide information on the structures of the breast morphology, but it provides performance information of temperature and breast tissue vessels. It is assumed that the functional changes occured before the start of the structural changes which is the result of disease or cancer. These days, thermal imaging method has not been established as an applicative method for screening or diagnosing purposes in academic centers. But there are different centers that adopt this method for the diognosis and examining purposes. Thermal imaging is an effective method which is highly facilitative for breast cancer screening (due to the low cost and without harms), also, its impact will increase by combining other methods such as a mammogram and sonography. However, it has not been widely recognizesd as an accepted method for determineing the types of tumors (benign and malignant) and diseases of breast tissue.
Bahareh Abbasi , Nafisseh Ansari Nejad , Farshid Fardad , Somayeh Nasiripour , Tayeb Ramim ,
Volume 74, Issue 8 (November 2016)
Abstract
Stable molecular changes during cell division without any change in the sequence of DNA molecules is known as epigenetic. Molecular mechanisms involved in this process, including histone modifications, methylation of DNA, protein complex and RNA antisense. Cancer genome changes happen through a combination of DNA hypermethylation, long-term epigenetic silencing with heterozygosis loss and genomic regions loss. Different combinations of N-terminal’s changes cooperate with histone variants with a specific role in gene regulation. It have led to load a setting histone that determine transcription potential of a particular gene or genomic regions. DNA methylation analysis in genome region using methylation-specific digital karyotyping of normal breast tissue detect gene expression patterns and DNA specific methylation can be found in breast carcinoma too more than 100 genes in breast tumors or cell lines of breast cancer are reported hypermethylated. Important of DNA methylation on cancer has been concentrated CpG islands hypermethylation. Most of the techniques are able to identify hypermethylated areas. Often, methylated genes play important role in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastasis and tissue invasion, angiogenesis and hormonal signaling. Cyclin D2 (CCND2) gene is an important regulator of cell cycle and increased of expression inhibits the transition from G1 to S cell cycle. This gene is frequently methylated in breast cancer and has been proposed as the first event. Other cell cycle regulator is p16ink4A / CDKN2A that methylated in a large number of human cancers, including breast cancer. Another regulator of the proliferation of breast cancer that methylated is tumor suppressor RAR-β cancer that has been found in lobular and ductal carcinoma. Recent studies have showed the role of epigenetic silencing in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in which tumor suppressor genes have been changed by acetylation and DNA deacetylation. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have different roles in cancer cells and could show the ways of new treatment for breast cancer. In this review, various aspects of breast cancer epigenetics and its applications in diagnosis, prediction and treatment are described.
Farshid Kompani , Ashrafalsadat Hakim , Mohammad Bahadoram , Rasool Poornasir ,
Volume 74, Issue 12 (March 2017)
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection is a common infectious disease in children and associated with the risk for renal scarring and long-term complications, usually consists of pyelonephritis and may cause complications such as scars in kidney, hypertension and renal failure. Some studies demonstrated association between urinary tract infection and electrolyte disturbances such as hyponatremia. The present study has been designed for assessment of association between urinary tract infection and hyponatremia in children.
Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study has been conducted on 120 children have referred to the Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science from 21 March 2011 until 20 March 2013. A total of 120 children who were aged 6 months to 12 years and had febrile urinary tract infection. The study population and were classified into two group of sixty children: hyponatremic and nonhyponatremic. We compared the laboratory findings in two groups with each other. The data included serum sodiom level, white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ddimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan results collected from children with febrile urinary tract infections admitted in pediatric ward. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and independent T-test with SPSS software, ver. 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
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Results: In this study, 120 patients, 104 females (86.7%) and 16 males (13.3%) aged six months to 12 years were evaluated. All the patients were studied in terms of positive DMSA Scan. In the first group (hyponatremic) 31, and the second group (without hyponatremia) 13 patients were identified. There was a significant association between hyponatremia and WBC count, ESR, CRP, duration of fever and abnormal DMSA scan.
Conclusion: We conclude that there is significant association between hyponatremia and severity of urinary tract infection in children.
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