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Showing 33 results for Case-Control Studies
Comparison of the expression levels of Fas and Apaf-1 genes in systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts
Majid Abed Khojasteh , Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul , Mahdi Mahmoudi , Mohammad Bagher Mahmoudi , Shayan Mostafaei , Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi , Farhad Gharibdoost ,
Volume 74, Issue 4 (7-2016)
Volume 74, Issue 4 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune rheumatic connective tissue disease. In normal wound healing process, fibroblasts are activated, proliferated and involved in tissue repair, and then removed by apoptosis. In systemic sclerosis, patient’s fibrosis occurs when fibroblasts become resistant to apoptosis and secrete a large amount of collagen and other extracellular matrixes. As the primary causes the disease are very complex and often unknown, it is necessary to consider or target the secondary causes of disease, such as the unresponsiveness of activated fibroblasts to apoptosis as the major factor in the creation and deployment of illness. In this study, we examined the expression levels of two key pro-apoptotic genes, Fas and Apaf-1, which are respectively involved in external and internal pathway of apoptosis.
Methods: In a case-control study skin biopsy samples were obtained from 19 patients with diffuse SSc, and 16 healthy controls. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured and total RNA was isolated from cell populations using High Pure RNA Isolation Kit (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany), followed by cDNA synthesis using RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Massachusetts, USA). Real-time PCR was performed using SYBRGreen gene expression master mix (Takara Shuzo, Co., Ltd, Shiga, Japan) and specific primers for Fas and Apaf-1. Real-time data were analyzed using the (2-ΔCT)×1000 method. Statistical analysis was accomplished by using the SPSS software, v22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The P value less than 0.05 were recognized as a significant threshold. All data are represented as the mean ± SEM.
Results: Our results showed no significant difference in Fas (P=0.8) and Apaf-1 (P=0.17) mRNA expression levels between skin fibroblasts of systemic sclerosis patients and healthy controls.
Conclusion: In this study we observed no significant change in Apaf-1 and Fas mRNA levels in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts compared to control group. Hence, Apaf-1 and Fas are not transcriptionally activated in SSc fibroblasts. Further studies need to take place on protein levels and function of these proteins to confirm the mRNA transcription results.
Zeinab Moradi Kohnaki , Khairollah Asadollahi, Ghobad Abangah , Kourosh Sayehmiri ,
Volume 74, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Volume 74, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
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Background: Considering the high incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Iranian society and the limited number of studies to investigate its associated risk factors, the current study was designed to identify any relevant risk factor of this disease. Methods: The present case-control study was performed among 150 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and 150 normal liver participants who attended to gastroenterology clinics in Ilam city, Iran during 2014-2015. All demographic data, clinical trials and health behaviors associated with lifestyle such as nutritional status, smoking, physical activities were collected and compared between two groups. Results: Among a total of 300 participants in the current study, the male female ratio was 46.54% and the mean±standard deviation of all participants was 42.13±12.15 years. The mean values of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly higher in cases than controls group (P< 0.0001). A significant relationship was revealed between positive familial history, marriage, and low physical activities with NAFLD (P< 0.05). In the patient's group, consumption of red meat was significantly higher and dairy intake was significantly lower compared to the control group (P< 0.05). Using the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for variables of waist circumference, triglyceride, ALT and body mass index (BMI) were statistically significant [1.11, (1.04-1.18); 2.58, (1.01-6.67); 5.34, (1.84-15.52) and 7.28,) 1.89-27.99) respectively] (P< 0.05). Also, a significant association was observed among the variables of ALT, AST and BMI with the severity grade of NAFLD (P< 0.05). |
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that waist circumference, BMI, serum level of ALT and TG concentrations can predict the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMI, ALT, and AST seem to be associated with the ultrasonography staging of liver in NAFLD. Therefore, these parameters could be used to predict the ultrasonography staging of liver in these patients.
Sadegh Baniaghil, Gholamreza Nikbakht Borujeni , Hassan Tajbakhsh, Atefeh Esmailnejad, Ali Akbar Amirzargar ,
Volume 75, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background: HLA disease association was investigated in several autoimmune, cancer and infectious diseases. The outcome of tuberculosis (TB) infection may be influenced by host genetic factors like MMP-1, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ and human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Given the paucity of information with regard to the association between the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and TB infection among Iranians, we aimed to identify HLA polymorphisms that might confer susceptibility or protect against TB.
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Methods: In this case-control study, to investigate the association between the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles and TB, 50 patients with tuberculosis were selected from Sistani population in Golstan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, North East of Iran, from September 2015 to February 2016. Allele frequencies in patients were compared with a 100 aged and sex match control group from healthy blood donor of that ethnic population. HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles were determined using polymerase chain reaction based on sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method by low to intermediate resolution kits supplied by CTS (Collaborative Transplant Study, Heidelber University, Germany). Using EPI-info statistical software Chi-square test and fisher exact test, 95% confidence interval and odd ratio were calculated and allele frequencies in patients and control subjects were compared. P-value less than 0.05 were considering statistically significant. |
Results: The results of this study showed a significant increase and positive association with -DRB1*04:03 (OR=3.13, CI 95% (2.47-3.96), -DRB1*14:04 (OR=3.13, CI 95% (2.47-3.96), -DQB1*0201 (OR=2.67, CI 95% (1.18-6.04), -DQB1*0601 (OR=3.16, CI 95% (1.36-7.73) ,while the frequency of -DRB1*07 (OR=0.16, CI 95% (0.05-0.52) were lower in patients than control group and shows negative association.
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Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed some of the previous positive and/or negative association, however it is suggested that HLA-DRB1*04:03, -DRB1*14:04, -DQB1*0201, -DQB1*0601- have an important role in susceptibility to tuberculosis infection and -DRB1*07 was associated with protection in Iranian Sistani population. Larger case-control sample size studies may be helpful to confirm our investigation. In addition population-specific studies is needed for evaluation of the role of HLA polymorphisms in tuberculosis in different ethnic groups. |
Neda Norouzi , Mortaza Bonyadi , Esmaeil Babaei , Mohammad Hossein Jabbarpour Bonyadi ,
Volume 75, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and secondary photoreceptor loss, resulting in visual loss. Etiological research suggests that age related macular degeneration is a complex disease, caused by the interactions of several genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in genes encoding the alternative complement pathway, complement factor I (CFI), are associated with the risk for age related macular degeneration. The purpose of this investigation was studying of complement factor I p.Gly119Arg (C.355G>A) polymorphism with age related macular degeneration in the population living in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Tabriz University from June 2015 to June 2016. In this study the association of p.Gly119Arg polymorphism in complement factor I gene was investigated in 150 patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration and 150 healthy age, sex and ethnicity matched unrelated people as control group. Both of the case and control groups were originated from the population living in Tehran. Genotypes of both groups were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and data was analyzed the Chi-square test in 2x2.Contingency table.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Tabriz University from June 2015 to June 2016. In this study the association of p.Gly119Arg polymorphism in complement factor I gene was investigated in 150 patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration and 150 healthy age, sex and ethnicity matched unrelated people as control group. Both of the case and control groups were originated from the population living in Tehran. Genotypes of both groups were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and data was analyzed the Chi-square test in 2x2.Contingency table.
| Results: Investigation of the association of p.Gly119Arg polymorphism in complement factor I gene with age related macular degeneration showed that there are statistically significant differences between patients and controls in genotype and allele frequencies of this polymorphism (P=0.005 and OR=6.68 in TT, P=0.04 and OR=0.61 in CC, P=0.03 and OR=1.76 in T, P=0.04 and OR=0.56 in C). Therefore CC, TT genotypes and C, T alleles were significantly associated with age related macular degeneration. |
Conclusion: This study showed a significant association between this polymorphism p.Gly119Arg (C.355G>A) complement factor I gene and age related macular degeneration disease in the population living in Tehran (P<0.05). Our data suggests that this locus polymorphism is not as rare in our studied population as previously reported from different population.
Nasim Ghazavi-Khorasgani , Elham Janghorban-Laricheh , Marziyeh Tavalaee , Dina Zohrabi , Homayon Abbasi , Mohammad Hossein Nasr- Esfahani,
Volume 75, Issue 6 (9-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 6 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background: Post-acrosomal sheath WW domain binding protein (PAWP) is one of sperm factors related to oocyte activation and is expressed in elongating spermatid. Previously, the effect of high of testicular temperature in infertile men with varicocele on semen quality, sperm DNA damage, expression of genes and proteins were reported. In this study, expression of PAWP at RNA and protein levels, and also sperm DNA damage were compared between fertile and infertile men with varicocele.
Methods: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 35 infertile men with varicocele (grade II & III) and 20 fertile men referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center from January 2016 to September 2016. Ejaculated semen was obtained by masturbation into a sterile plastic container after 3-5 days of abstinence and was allowed to liquefy at room temperature. Briefly, sperm concentration, motility and morphology were evaluated using a sperm chamber (Sperm meter; Sperm Processor, Aurangabad, India), Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA, Video Test, ltd: version Sperm 2.1, Russia) and Papanicolaou staining, respectively. In addition, DNA fragmentation, expression of PAWP at RNA and protein levels were assessed by real-time PCR, and Western blot technique, respectively. Microsoft Excel 2013 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and Package for the Social Studies were used to analyze data. We used independent-samples t-test to compare the mean value between different groups. Differences with values of P<0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: Mean of semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility, and expression of PAWP at both RNA (P=0.0001) and protein (P=0.03) levels were significantly lower in infertile men with varicocele in comparison with fertile men. In addition, mean percentage of sperm abnormal morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in infertile men with varicocele in comparison with fertile men (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Expression of PAWP as a protein involved in spermatogenesis and fertilization process, has decreased in infertile men with varicocele. In addition, sperm DNA integrity was disrupted in these individuals that can be considered as a main etiology of infertility.
Methods: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 35 infertile men with varicocele (grade II & III) and 20 fertile men referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center from January 2016 to September 2016. Ejaculated semen was obtained by masturbation into a sterile plastic container after 3-5 days of abstinence and was allowed to liquefy at room temperature. Briefly, sperm concentration, motility and morphology were evaluated using a sperm chamber (Sperm meter; Sperm Processor, Aurangabad, India), Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA, Video Test, ltd: version Sperm 2.1, Russia) and Papanicolaou staining, respectively. In addition, DNA fragmentation, expression of PAWP at RNA and protein levels were assessed by real-time PCR, and Western blot technique, respectively. Microsoft Excel 2013 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and Package for the Social Studies were used to analyze data. We used independent-samples t-test to compare the mean value between different groups. Differences with values of P<0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: Mean of semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility, and expression of PAWP at both RNA (P=0.0001) and protein (P=0.03) levels were significantly lower in infertile men with varicocele in comparison with fertile men. In addition, mean percentage of sperm abnormal morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in infertile men with varicocele in comparison with fertile men (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Expression of PAWP as a protein involved in spermatogenesis and fertilization process, has decreased in infertile men with varicocele. In addition, sperm DNA integrity was disrupted in these individuals that can be considered as a main etiology of infertility.
Raheleh Dorosti , Mehri Ghasemi , Khosro Khademi-Kalantari, Alireza Akbarzadeh-Baghban ,
Volume 75, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is known as one of the most frequent knee diseases and is the most frequent cause of anterior knee pain. Despite the high prevalence of the disease, its predisposing factors are not clearly known. Neuromuscular control disorders of hip and lumbopelvic complex and instability of core redounds to instability of whole movement pack chain. The aim of the present was to comparing the electromyographic activities of core muscles and muscles around the knee joint during gait in patients with PFPS with healthy subjects.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic case-control study was carried out in School of Rehabilitation in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The present study was carried out during 10 months (April to February in 2016). Thirty-two subjects containing 17 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (10 females and 7 males) and 18 healthy subjects (10 females and 8 males) participated in this study. In both groups the electrical activities of some of the muscles around the knee joint and the core muscles containing vastus medialis (VM), adductor longus (AL), gluteus maximus (G Max), external oblique abdominis (EOA), internal oblique abdominis (IOA), transverse abdominis (TA) and multifidus (M) were recorded during gait. Onset and offset time, duration and intensity of muscles activities were compared between two groups.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic case-control study was carried out in School of Rehabilitation in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The present study was carried out during 10 months (April to February in 2016). Thirty-two subjects containing 17 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (10 females and 7 males) and 18 healthy subjects (10 females and 8 males) participated in this study. In both groups the electrical activities of some of the muscles around the knee joint and the core muscles containing vastus medialis (VM), adductor longus (AL), gluteus maximus (G Max), external oblique abdominis (EOA), internal oblique abdominis (IOA), transverse abdominis (TA) and multifidus (M) were recorded during gait. Onset and offset time, duration and intensity of muscles activities were compared between two groups.
Results: The results of the study showed that duration and intensity of the electrical activity of the gluteus maximus (respectively P=0.03, P=0.035) and offset time of electrical activity of the internal oblique abdominis (P=0.04) and the transverse abdominis (P=0.03) during gait, were significantly different between two groups. The external oblique abdominis and the multifidus electrical activities had not any significant differences between two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that electromyographic activities of some of core muscles in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in comparison with healthy subjects are different. However, there was no differences in electromyographic activities in some of the muscles around the knee between patients and healthy subjects.
Conclusion: It seems that electromyographic activities of some of core muscles in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in comparison with healthy subjects are different. However, there was no differences in electromyographic activities in some of the muscles around the knee between patients and healthy subjects.
Sepideh Haghifar , Yasaman Jamshidi Naeini , Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari , Morteza Abdollahi , Mahdi Shadnoush , Marjan Ajami , Sayed Hossein Davoodi ,
Volume 76, Issue 8 (11-2018)
Volume 76, Issue 8 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background: The average age of women with breast cancer in Iran is at least 10 years lower in comparison to developed countries and the incidence of the disease in Iranian women is on a rise. According to studies, diets that are diverse in food groups can play a role in protecting against chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Diet diversity score is an indicator used to measure diversity between and within food groups. This study aimed to assess the relationship between diet diversity score and breast cancer risk.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out from April 2014 to February 2015 at Shohada Hospital in Tajrish, Tehran. Demographic and anthropometric data of 298 participants including 149 breast cancer cases and 149 apparently healthy women were collected. A valid food frequency questionnaire containing 168 food items was completed to assess usual dietary intake through face to face interviews. Energy was calculated using Nutritionist 4 software (First Databank Inc., Hearst Corp., San Bruno, CA, USA) and diet diversity score was calculated using five food group scoring. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were obtained using logistic regression test to evaluate the association between breast cancer risk and diet diversity score tertiles.
Results: There was no significant difference in weight, height, body mass index between the two groups, but physical activity level and daily energy intake showed a significant difference (P<0.001). After adjusting for the effect of confounding variables including energy, body mass index, physical activity, menopause status, family history of breast cancer, contraceptive use, number of pregnancy, age of menarche and smoking, the risk for developing breast cancer was 86% lower in those in the highest tertile of diet diversity score compared to those in the first tertile (OR=0.14, 95% CI=0.06-0.31). An inverse and significant association was found between breast cancer risk and diversity scores of fruits and milk groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Higher diet diversity score is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out from April 2014 to February 2015 at Shohada Hospital in Tajrish, Tehran. Demographic and anthropometric data of 298 participants including 149 breast cancer cases and 149 apparently healthy women were collected. A valid food frequency questionnaire containing 168 food items was completed to assess usual dietary intake through face to face interviews. Energy was calculated using Nutritionist 4 software (First Databank Inc., Hearst Corp., San Bruno, CA, USA) and diet diversity score was calculated using five food group scoring. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were obtained using logistic regression test to evaluate the association between breast cancer risk and diet diversity score tertiles.
Results: There was no significant difference in weight, height, body mass index between the two groups, but physical activity level and daily energy intake showed a significant difference (P<0.001). After adjusting for the effect of confounding variables including energy, body mass index, physical activity, menopause status, family history of breast cancer, contraceptive use, number of pregnancy, age of menarche and smoking, the risk for developing breast cancer was 86% lower in those in the highest tertile of diet diversity score compared to those in the first tertile (OR=0.14, 95% CI=0.06-0.31). An inverse and significant association was found between breast cancer risk and diversity scores of fruits and milk groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Higher diet diversity score is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer.
Fatemeh Bahadori , Zahra Sahebazzamani , Leila Zarei, Neda Valizadeh,
Volume 76, Issue 9 (12-2018)
Volume 76, Issue 9 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes is one of the common causes of maternal and fetal complications. Due to fetal and maternal complications of diabetes, it is very important to reduce the prevalence of diabetes and its consequences. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes has been reported. There is little information about the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the levels of vitamin D and gestational diabetes.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in health centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in May 2015 until March 2016. A total of 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 100 healthy pregnant women were entered into the study by nonrandom and available sampling. The level of vitamin D was measured and levels were divided into three levels. Vitamin D levels were considered less than 20 ng/ml, 20-30 ng/ml and more than 30 ng/ml as deficiency, insufficiency and sufficient, respectively. Exclusion criteria include pre-pregnancy glucose tolerance, history of medical disease, and supplementation with vitamin D.
Results: The mean age of women in the study group was 30.31±5 years and in the control group was 28.83±4.95 years (P=0.06). The vitamin D levels in GDM and control groups were 7.25±4.76 ng/ml and 11.93±16.12 ng/ml, which is lower in the gestational diabetes than the control group (P=0.01). The severe deficiency of vitamin D in the gestational diabetes group and in control group were 34% and 27% respectively (P<0.0001). There was a significant difference in mean fasting plasma glucose level between gestational diabetes group and healthy pregnant group (P<0.001). There was no relationship between vitamin D levels and body mass index of pregnant women (P=0.1).
Conclusion: In this study, the majority of patients had vitamin D deficiency and in the gestational diabetes group, vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher than the control group. The severe deficiency of vitamin D in the gestational diabetes group was higher than patients without gestational diabetes.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in health centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in May 2015 until March 2016. A total of 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 100 healthy pregnant women were entered into the study by nonrandom and available sampling. The level of vitamin D was measured and levels were divided into three levels. Vitamin D levels were considered less than 20 ng/ml, 20-30 ng/ml and more than 30 ng/ml as deficiency, insufficiency and sufficient, respectively. Exclusion criteria include pre-pregnancy glucose tolerance, history of medical disease, and supplementation with vitamin D.
Results: The mean age of women in the study group was 30.31±5 years and in the control group was 28.83±4.95 years (P=0.06). The vitamin D levels in GDM and control groups were 7.25±4.76 ng/ml and 11.93±16.12 ng/ml, which is lower in the gestational diabetes than the control group (P=0.01). The severe deficiency of vitamin D in the gestational diabetes group and in control group were 34% and 27% respectively (P<0.0001). There was a significant difference in mean fasting plasma glucose level between gestational diabetes group and healthy pregnant group (P<0.001). There was no relationship between vitamin D levels and body mass index of pregnant women (P=0.1).
Conclusion: In this study, the majority of patients had vitamin D deficiency and in the gestational diabetes group, vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher than the control group. The severe deficiency of vitamin D in the gestational diabetes group was higher than patients without gestational diabetes.
Glareh Koochakpoor, Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani , Maryam Sadat Daneshpour , Parvin Mirmiran , Fereidoun Azizi ,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Volume 76, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: There are contradictions in the role of genetic variations and food group intake on metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was aimed at examining the interaction between food groups and CCND2 rs11063069, ZNT8 rs13266634 and MC4R rs12970134 polymorphisms, regarding MetS and its components.
Methods: In this matched nested case-control study (2006-2014), the data of 1634 (817 pairs) case and controls were selected among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). The cases and controls were matched by age, sex and number of follow-up years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Polymorphisms were genotyped.
Results: A significant interaction was observed between rs12970134 and green vegetable, read meat, and soft drink, in relation to the risk of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglyceride (TG) and high fasting blood glucose (FBG), respectively (P<0.05). The consumption of vegetables altered the effect of rs11063069 on MetS. Among G allele carriers, being in the highest quartiles of vegetables intake had a decrease risk of MetS, compared to those in the lowest quartile (P=0.007), but this trend was not observed in AA genotype carrier. There was also a significant interaction between rs13266634 and salty snack and fish intakes, in relation to the risk of abdominal obesity (P<0.05). Increasing salty meals by CT+TT genotypes carriers increased the odds ratio of abdominal obesity, while in the CC genotype, this increase was not observed. A significant interaction was also observed between rs11063069 with other vegetables, red-yellow vegetable and fruit intake respectively, regarding the risk of high FBG, low HDL-C and high blood pressure (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the interaction between food groups and MC4R, ZNT8 and CCND2 polymorphisms. To reduce the risk of MetS, high risk allele carriers of rs12970134 must avoid meat consumption, while in high risk allele carriers of rs11063069 and rs13266634, vegetables and fish should be consumed.
Methods: In this matched nested case-control study (2006-2014), the data of 1634 (817 pairs) case and controls were selected among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). The cases and controls were matched by age, sex and number of follow-up years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Polymorphisms were genotyped.
Results: A significant interaction was observed between rs12970134 and green vegetable, read meat, and soft drink, in relation to the risk of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglyceride (TG) and high fasting blood glucose (FBG), respectively (P<0.05). The consumption of vegetables altered the effect of rs11063069 on MetS. Among G allele carriers, being in the highest quartiles of vegetables intake had a decrease risk of MetS, compared to those in the lowest quartile (P=0.007), but this trend was not observed in AA genotype carrier. There was also a significant interaction between rs13266634 and salty snack and fish intakes, in relation to the risk of abdominal obesity (P<0.05). Increasing salty meals by CT+TT genotypes carriers increased the odds ratio of abdominal obesity, while in the CC genotype, this increase was not observed. A significant interaction was also observed between rs11063069 with other vegetables, red-yellow vegetable and fruit intake respectively, regarding the risk of high FBG, low HDL-C and high blood pressure (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the interaction between food groups and MC4R, ZNT8 and CCND2 polymorphisms. To reduce the risk of MetS, high risk allele carriers of rs12970134 must avoid meat consumption, while in high risk allele carriers of rs11063069 and rs13266634, vegetables and fish should be consumed.
Armaghan Kazeminejad, Jamshid Yazadani Charati , Ghasem Rahmatpour , Abbas Masoudzadeh , Sahar Bagheri ,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Volume 76, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background: Genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, 1% of sexually active population have anogenital warts (AGWs). According to previous studies, the disease affects people's quality of life and imposes financial costs on health systems.
Methods: The present study is a case-control study at spring of 2018. The quality of life of 65 patients with anogenital warts that were referred to Boali-sina Hospital in Sari, Iran compared with 65 control subjects. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires was used.
Results: According to the results, among the patients with anogenital warts, the quality of sexual contact in majority them were not affected by the disease (70%). The total cost of treatment was less than the monthly income of the family until the time of participating in the study (92%). There was no significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of physical health scores and mental health scores in the control and patient groups. (Respectively P=0.14, P=0.93). There was no significant relationship between the mean of physical health scores with disease severity. However, there was a significant difference between the mental health score in the two groups of patients with low and high levels of severity (P=0.01). Physical health scores in the whole sample have a significant relationship with gender, so that, in women, physical health score was lower than that of male, but the mean score of mental health in both male and female patients was not significantly different (P=0.18). In the control group the score of mental health was lower in women (P=0.041).
Conclusion: In patients with anogenital wart, quality of life doesn’t change significantly, although, mental health scores directly related with disease severity.
Methods: The present study is a case-control study at spring of 2018. The quality of life of 65 patients with anogenital warts that were referred to Boali-sina Hospital in Sari, Iran compared with 65 control subjects. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires was used.
Results: According to the results, among the patients with anogenital warts, the quality of sexual contact in majority them were not affected by the disease (70%). The total cost of treatment was less than the monthly income of the family until the time of participating in the study (92%). There was no significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of physical health scores and mental health scores in the control and patient groups. (Respectively P=0.14, P=0.93). There was no significant relationship between the mean of physical health scores with disease severity. However, there was a significant difference between the mental health score in the two groups of patients with low and high levels of severity (P=0.01). Physical health scores in the whole sample have a significant relationship with gender, so that, in women, physical health score was lower than that of male, but the mean score of mental health in both male and female patients was not significantly different (P=0.18). In the control group the score of mental health was lower in women (P=0.041).
Conclusion: In patients with anogenital wart, quality of life doesn’t change significantly, although, mental health scores directly related with disease severity.
Abbasali Niyazi , Shima Javanbakht , Nezar Ali Muolaie , Mohamad Kazem Momeni , Mosayeb Shahriyar , Mehdi Nourallahzadeh,
Volume 77, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Volume 77, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background: Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are multi-chain proteins that regulated by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and several other mechanisms. This Includes transcription regulation and protein form secretion. The roles of MMPs in wound healing and tissue repair. In tuberculosis (TB), the activity of MMPs is increased and TIMP inhibitors decrease activity. Therefore, in tuberculosis, MMPs cause excessive damage to the lung tissue and cavity formation.
Methods: In a case-control study, plasma samples of healthy controls, symptomatic respiratory tract controls and tuberculosis patients were evaluated by available sampling in Ali Ibn Abitaleb and Bouali Hospitals, Zahedan, Iran, from Apri1 2015 to April 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: tuberculosis and control group and the level of MMPs were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in plasma samples of the two groups. For MMP-8, which was important in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, a cutoff point was obtained.
Results: 384 people including 123 healthy controls. 107 non-tuberculosis, and 154 tuberculosis patients were examined; 230 patients in the control group and 154 patients in the tuberculosis group. Levels of MMPs in tuberculosis and symptomatic respiratory group were higher than healthy group. The mean of MMP-8 was significantly different between two groups (P<0.001). In this study, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of plasma MMP-8 in detection of TB in non-TB patients in MMP-8 cutoff point=6650 pg/ml were 65.4%, 78.2%, 50%, and 93% respectively outcome. Significantly, the rate of pulmonary cavity was significantly higher in the TB group; Higher cavity, higher concentration of plasma MMPs.
Conclusion: In this study, first comprehensive analysis of MMPs was performed. Two collagenases, MMP-1 and MMP-8, were active in tuberculosis, but MMP-8 was specifically higher in tuberculosis than in both symptomatic and healthy controls. Level of MMP-1, 3, 8, 9 was higher in men than in women. The analysis of genders separately showed MMP-8 was increased in tuberculosis group in comparison with control group and MMP-1 group in both TB and symptomatic respiratory tract increased.
Methods: In a case-control study, plasma samples of healthy controls, symptomatic respiratory tract controls and tuberculosis patients were evaluated by available sampling in Ali Ibn Abitaleb and Bouali Hospitals, Zahedan, Iran, from Apri1 2015 to April 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: tuberculosis and control group and the level of MMPs were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in plasma samples of the two groups. For MMP-8, which was important in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, a cutoff point was obtained.
Results: 384 people including 123 healthy controls. 107 non-tuberculosis, and 154 tuberculosis patients were examined; 230 patients in the control group and 154 patients in the tuberculosis group. Levels of MMPs in tuberculosis and symptomatic respiratory group were higher than healthy group. The mean of MMP-8 was significantly different between two groups (P<0.001). In this study, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of plasma MMP-8 in detection of TB in non-TB patients in MMP-8 cutoff point=6650 pg/ml were 65.4%, 78.2%, 50%, and 93% respectively outcome. Significantly, the rate of pulmonary cavity was significantly higher in the TB group; Higher cavity, higher concentration of plasma MMPs.
Conclusion: In this study, first comprehensive analysis of MMPs was performed. Two collagenases, MMP-1 and MMP-8, were active in tuberculosis, but MMP-8 was specifically higher in tuberculosis than in both symptomatic and healthy controls. Level of MMP-1, 3, 8, 9 was higher in men than in women. The analysis of genders separately showed MMP-8 was increased in tuberculosis group in comparison with control group and MMP-1 group in both TB and symptomatic respiratory tract increased.
Mahshad Ali Karoosi , Farideh Shishehbor , Karim Mola , Meysam Alipour ,
Volume 77, Issue 5 (8-2019)
Volume 77, Issue 5 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background: Obesity is one of the causes of onset and exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. However, limited studies have examined the association between body composition and severity of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between severity of rheumatoid arthritis with various types of obesity and the comparison of anthropometric indices between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy subjects.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 95 patients (48.8±10.4 years) with rheumatoid arthritis as a case group and 95 healthy people (46±9.3 years) as a control group carried in Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, from April 2016 to February 2017. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and body fat percentage (BFP) were measured. The anthropometric indices were calculated. The disease severity was calculated according to disease activity score 28 (DAS28).
Results: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding their gender ratio (1:1), age (P=0.16) and height (P=0.58). The weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), WC, HC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and other obesity indices include a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body surface area (BSA) and Conicity index (CI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are significantly higher than healthy subjects (P<0.05). No difference in fat free mass was observed between two groups. Waist to height ratio and BAI compared with other indicators had the highest correlation with the DAS28 score. In addition, prevalence of obesity by waist circumference (82% vs. 61%), obesity by BMI (47% vs. 33%), and obesity by BFP (91% vs. 83%) was higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than healthy subjects. The risk of rheumatoid arthritis in people with central obesity by waist circumference (OR=2.92, 95% CI 1.50-5.70) was greater than obesity defined by BMI (OR=1.77, 95% CI 0.98-3.18) or BFP (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.01-5.53).
Conclusion: The results of present study indicate association of rheumatoid arthritis disease severity with obesity types (especially central obesity) and anthropometric indices.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 95 patients (48.8±10.4 years) with rheumatoid arthritis as a case group and 95 healthy people (46±9.3 years) as a control group carried in Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, from April 2016 to February 2017. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and body fat percentage (BFP) were measured. The anthropometric indices were calculated. The disease severity was calculated according to disease activity score 28 (DAS28).
Results: There was no significant difference between two groups regarding their gender ratio (1:1), age (P=0.16) and height (P=0.58). The weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), WC, HC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and other obesity indices include a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body surface area (BSA) and Conicity index (CI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are significantly higher than healthy subjects (P<0.05). No difference in fat free mass was observed between two groups. Waist to height ratio and BAI compared with other indicators had the highest correlation with the DAS28 score. In addition, prevalence of obesity by waist circumference (82% vs. 61%), obesity by BMI (47% vs. 33%), and obesity by BFP (91% vs. 83%) was higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than healthy subjects. The risk of rheumatoid arthritis in people with central obesity by waist circumference (OR=2.92, 95% CI 1.50-5.70) was greater than obesity defined by BMI (OR=1.77, 95% CI 0.98-3.18) or BFP (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.01-5.53).
Conclusion: The results of present study indicate association of rheumatoid arthritis disease severity with obesity types (especially central obesity) and anthropometric indices.
Narges Zaeemzadeh , Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh , Saeideh Ziaei , Azadeh Mottaghi , Maryam Movahedinejad , Neda Mohamadzadeh , Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ,
Volume 77, Issue 9 (12-2019)
Volume 77, Issue 9 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive age women. The prevalence of PCOS among Iranian women is 14.6% based on the Rotterdam definition. PCOS can increase the risk of chronic metabolic complications. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important of them. Insulin resistance is fundamental in PCOS and MetS pathophysiology. MetS is a collection of chronic metabolic derangements, which promotes the risk of serious diseases such as cardiovascular disturbances and diabetes. The quality of diet is inversely correlated with obesity, which is one of the consequences of PCOS and it is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. As the first study, the present study aimed to compare the dietary intake of macronutrients in PCOS women with and without MetS.
Methods: In this nested case-control study, the convenience sampling method was used to select participants. The case group included 14 PCOS patients with MetS and the control group included 28 PCOS patients without MetS. The investigated macronutrients included fats (total fat, saturated fatty acids, mono and polyunsaturated fats, trans fatty acids), carbohydrate, protein, and fibers (total and soluble). The dietary intake assessment was carried out by a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). This study was performed on Arash Women's Hospital under support of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, from August 2014 to September 2015.
Results: Dietary intake of total fat was significantly higher in PCOS women with MetS than the control group (P<0.001, 146.62±45.17 vs. 59.91±32.79 g/d). Dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (P=0.004, 11.44±11.08 vs. 19.73±6.76 g/d), monounsaturated fats (P<0.001, 14.15±12.66 vs. 26.16±7.76 g/d), polyunsaturated fats (P=0.002, 9.02±9.18 vs. 17.22±6.45 g/d), carbohydrate (P<0.001, 182.34±121.08 vs. 365.64±77.11 g/d), protein (P=0.001, 42.74±42.85 vs. 78.06±24.04 g/d), total fiber (P<0.001, 17.77±15.09 vs. 35.97±22.64 g/d) was significantly lower in PCOS women with MetS than the control group. All results are expressed in terms of grams consumed per day.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that dietary intake of macronutrients was significantly different in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with and without metabolic syndrome.
Methods: In this nested case-control study, the convenience sampling method was used to select participants. The case group included 14 PCOS patients with MetS and the control group included 28 PCOS patients without MetS. The investigated macronutrients included fats (total fat, saturated fatty acids, mono and polyunsaturated fats, trans fatty acids), carbohydrate, protein, and fibers (total and soluble). The dietary intake assessment was carried out by a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). This study was performed on Arash Women's Hospital under support of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, from August 2014 to September 2015.
Results: Dietary intake of total fat was significantly higher in PCOS women with MetS than the control group (P<0.001, 146.62±45.17 vs. 59.91±32.79 g/d). Dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (P=0.004, 11.44±11.08 vs. 19.73±6.76 g/d), monounsaturated fats (P<0.001, 14.15±12.66 vs. 26.16±7.76 g/d), polyunsaturated fats (P=0.002, 9.02±9.18 vs. 17.22±6.45 g/d), carbohydrate (P<0.001, 182.34±121.08 vs. 365.64±77.11 g/d), protein (P=0.001, 42.74±42.85 vs. 78.06±24.04 g/d), total fiber (P<0.001, 17.77±15.09 vs. 35.97±22.64 g/d) was significantly lower in PCOS women with MetS than the control group. All results are expressed in terms of grams consumed per day.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that dietary intake of macronutrients was significantly different in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with and without metabolic syndrome.
Mehdi Sanatkar , Mehrdad Goudarzi , Ebrahim Espahbodi , Alireza Takzare ,
Volume 77, Issue 11 (2-2020)
Volume 77, Issue 11 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complications after the strabismus surgery. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of atropine versus ondansetron administration on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and duration of recovery stay in patients undergoing this procedure.
Methods: In this case-control study, 90 patients between 3 to 30 years old who were candidates for elective strabismus surgery in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from February to April 2019, were randomly divided into three groups (placebo, ondansetron and atropine group). Patients who had taken hypnotic drugs while entering the operating room were excluded. In all patients, after arriving into the operating room and installation of standard monitoring equipment and peripheral vein implantation, anesthesia was induced by receiving 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, fentanyl 1 μg/kg and propofol 2.5 mg/kg. After induction of anesthesia, placebo group was compared with ondansetron group and atropine group that received 0.1 mg/kg ondansetron and 30 µg/kg atropine, respectively. The rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting, duration of recovery stay and satisfaction of recovery nurses were recorded and compared between groups.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of mean age, weight, and gender. It seems that group matching is appropriate and there are no confounding factors for demographic variables. Administration of atropine and ondansetron significantly reduces the incidence of nausea and vomiting postoperatively and in recovery. There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting between the atropine and ondansetron groups. Duration of recovery stay was decreased after ondansetron and atropine administration versus control group. Postoperative laryngospasm and bronchospasm were not observed in any of the three groups after surgery and at the time of recovery. The satisfaction of recovery nurses in both atropine and ondansetron groups were higher than control group.
Conclusion: It seems that the administration of atropine as much as ondansetron can be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the length of recovery stay in patients who undergoing strabismus surgery.
Methods: In this case-control study, 90 patients between 3 to 30 years old who were candidates for elective strabismus surgery in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from February to April 2019, were randomly divided into three groups (placebo, ondansetron and atropine group). Patients who had taken hypnotic drugs while entering the operating room were excluded. In all patients, after arriving into the operating room and installation of standard monitoring equipment and peripheral vein implantation, anesthesia was induced by receiving 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, fentanyl 1 μg/kg and propofol 2.5 mg/kg. After induction of anesthesia, placebo group was compared with ondansetron group and atropine group that received 0.1 mg/kg ondansetron and 30 µg/kg atropine, respectively. The rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting, duration of recovery stay and satisfaction of recovery nurses were recorded and compared between groups.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of mean age, weight, and gender. It seems that group matching is appropriate and there are no confounding factors for demographic variables. Administration of atropine and ondansetron significantly reduces the incidence of nausea and vomiting postoperatively and in recovery. There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting between the atropine and ondansetron groups. Duration of recovery stay was decreased after ondansetron and atropine administration versus control group. Postoperative laryngospasm and bronchospasm were not observed in any of the three groups after surgery and at the time of recovery. The satisfaction of recovery nurses in both atropine and ondansetron groups were higher than control group.
Conclusion: It seems that the administration of atropine as much as ondansetron can be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the length of recovery stay in patients who undergoing strabismus surgery.
Azim Adibmanesh , Narges Mohammad Taghvaei , Mehrnoosh Zakerkish , Hamid Yaghooti ,
Volume 77, Issue 12 (3-2020)
Volume 77, Issue 12 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background: Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mediates a large range of processes, and abnormality in the production of NO has been implicated in diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN). G894T polymorphism in the eNOS gene has been shown to decreased activity the NO levels of plasma. The association between eNOS Glu298Asp gene polymorphism and DN risk is still controversial. The present study investigated the effect of eNOS gene G894T polymorphism on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and DN and measures of kidney function in a population with and without diabetes.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out at the diabetes specialist clinic of Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from September 2016 to December 2017. The study comprised 132 patients with T2D (with and without nephropathy). They were compared to 66 normal subjects. The subjects were genotyped for the eNOS G894T polymorphism by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Blood glucose, HbA1c, BUN, creatinine and urinary albumin were evaluated by a biochemistry analyzer.
Results: Higher prevalence of the mutant T allele and homozygous TT genotypes and biochemical parameters) like FBS, TG, and BUN) were seen in T2D patients compared to healthy subjects. For T2DM, the odds ratios (ORs) for the TT genotype and the T allele carrier were 3.1 (P=0.0001) and 2.6 (P=0.0001), respectively. In contrast to the significant association between the eNOS G894T polymorphism and T2D, we could not find a significant correlation to the DN. For DN, the ORs for the TT genotype and the T allele carrier were 1.1 (P=0.76) and 0.8 (P=0.6). For decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) below 60 ml/min/ 1.73 m2 in diabetic patients, the OR for TT was 0.8 (P=0.7).
Conclusion: Our results confirm that the risk of T allele and TT genotype of the eNOS G894T polymorphism were significantly associated with T2D, The TT genotype of this polymorphism also conferred the risk of developing T2D, but they were not correlated with DN and decreased eGFR.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out at the diabetes specialist clinic of Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from September 2016 to December 2017. The study comprised 132 patients with T2D (with and without nephropathy). They were compared to 66 normal subjects. The subjects were genotyped for the eNOS G894T polymorphism by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Blood glucose, HbA1c, BUN, creatinine and urinary albumin were evaluated by a biochemistry analyzer.
Results: Higher prevalence of the mutant T allele and homozygous TT genotypes and biochemical parameters) like FBS, TG, and BUN) were seen in T2D patients compared to healthy subjects. For T2DM, the odds ratios (ORs) for the TT genotype and the T allele carrier were 3.1 (P=0.0001) and 2.6 (P=0.0001), respectively. In contrast to the significant association between the eNOS G894T polymorphism and T2D, we could not find a significant correlation to the DN. For DN, the ORs for the TT genotype and the T allele carrier were 1.1 (P=0.76) and 0.8 (P=0.6). For decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) below 60 ml/min/ 1.73 m2 in diabetic patients, the OR for TT was 0.8 (P=0.7).
Conclusion: Our results confirm that the risk of T allele and TT genotype of the eNOS G894T polymorphism were significantly associated with T2D, The TT genotype of this polymorphism also conferred the risk of developing T2D, but they were not correlated with DN and decreased eGFR.
Armaghan Kazeminejad , Hamed Jafarpour , Laleh Mirmohammadi , Isar Khalil Nejad , Lotfollah Davoodi,
Volume 78, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Volume 78, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a large group of DNA viruses that cause skin and mucosal warts. Zinc is used in the treatment of skin diseases. Zinc has been used in the treatment of various skin and systemic diseases. Warts are benign proliferation of the skin and mucosa. The prevalence of skin warts is higher in children and its peak is in adolescence and then decreases with age. Some species of HPV can cause malignancies. The effective role of zinc in the treatment of warts has recently been discussed. This study aimed to evaluate the serum zinc levels in patients with cutaneous warts compared to healthy controls.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on patients, aged 18 to 60 years old, referred to the Dermatology Clinic of Bo’Ali Sina and Razi Hospitals, Mazandaran Province in, Iran, from April to March 2016. Serum zinc level and severity of disease were assessed in case and control groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: A total of 94 subjects (47 in the case and control group) entered the study. The mean age of the case group was 26.40±9.33 years and in the control group 28.32±7.35 years. The gender status was 42 (44.7%) male and 52 (56.3%) female. Single and married were 63.8% and 36.2%, respectively. The mean zinc level in patients with cutaneous wart was 82 and the control group was 85.65. The mean number of warts was 5.09±6.33. The most frequent site of lesions were on the hands and foot with 48.93% and 40.42%, respectively, and the face (3.2%) had the lowest rate. Almost half of the patients were affected by the disease for 12 to 18 months. There was no significant relationship between age, sex, and severity of disease with serum zinc level (P>0.05). Serum zinc level was significantly associated with the duration of warts involvement (P=0.043).
Conclusion: Serum zinc levels were lower in patients with cutaneous warts than in healthy controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Serum zinc level and duration of warts involvement were related. The duration of warts and serum levels were inversely correlated.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on patients, aged 18 to 60 years old, referred to the Dermatology Clinic of Bo’Ali Sina and Razi Hospitals, Mazandaran Province in, Iran, from April to March 2016. Serum zinc level and severity of disease were assessed in case and control groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: A total of 94 subjects (47 in the case and control group) entered the study. The mean age of the case group was 26.40±9.33 years and in the control group 28.32±7.35 years. The gender status was 42 (44.7%) male and 52 (56.3%) female. Single and married were 63.8% and 36.2%, respectively. The mean zinc level in patients with cutaneous wart was 82 and the control group was 85.65. The mean number of warts was 5.09±6.33. The most frequent site of lesions were on the hands and foot with 48.93% and 40.42%, respectively, and the face (3.2%) had the lowest rate. Almost half of the patients were affected by the disease for 12 to 18 months. There was no significant relationship between age, sex, and severity of disease with serum zinc level (P>0.05). Serum zinc level was significantly associated with the duration of warts involvement (P=0.043).
Conclusion: Serum zinc levels were lower in patients with cutaneous warts than in healthy controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Serum zinc level and duration of warts involvement were related. The duration of warts and serum levels were inversely correlated.
Farideh Zafari Zangeneh , Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh , Maryam Bagheri , Masoumeh Dehghan ,
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background: Most studies show that 9 to 24% of people who are in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles are women who respond poorly to ovarian stimulation. Women with poor ovarian response (POR) are a group of infertile patients whose ovarian reserve, ovarian response to medication, and the quality of ovum are declining. Therefore, the number of female cycles, the number of fetuses from the oocyte and the rate of pregnancy in these women is reduced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of three adrenoceptor receptor genes in the cumulus cells of women with poor ovarian response in culture medium.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in two groups: study (POR) and control (oocyte donor's women) groups. POR diagnosis was performed by ESHRE Bologna criteria. After puncture of the follicles, cumulus-oocyte complex was collected and the cumulus cells (CCs) were isolated by enzyme and are counted with Neobar lamella and then were added in the culture medium. After completing the culture, RNA was extracted from cumulus cells and the RNA concentration was read by the Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA). Then cDNA synthesized and primers designed for ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-B2 or gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The research was done in Reproductive Health Research Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from April to December 2017.
Results: Comparison of the results of ADR-α1, 2 gene expressions in cumulus cells showed a significant decrease, but ADR-B2 was not significant in two groups. Correlation coefficients also showed that there are relationship between three adrenoceptors and their effects on each other.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the decreased expressions of ADR-α1, 2 probably related to activation of the sympathetic system and release of the more neurotransmitter that lead to down-regulation of ADR-α1, 2 in the cell membrane of cumulus in culture medium.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in two groups: study (POR) and control (oocyte donor's women) groups. POR diagnosis was performed by ESHRE Bologna criteria. After puncture of the follicles, cumulus-oocyte complex was collected and the cumulus cells (CCs) were isolated by enzyme and are counted with Neobar lamella and then were added in the culture medium. After completing the culture, RNA was extracted from cumulus cells and the RNA concentration was read by the Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA). Then cDNA synthesized and primers designed for ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-B2 or gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The research was done in Reproductive Health Research Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from April to December 2017.
Results: Comparison of the results of ADR-α1, 2 gene expressions in cumulus cells showed a significant decrease, but ADR-B2 was not significant in two groups. Correlation coefficients also showed that there are relationship between three adrenoceptors and their effects on each other.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the decreased expressions of ADR-α1, 2 probably related to activation of the sympathetic system and release of the more neurotransmitter that lead to down-regulation of ADR-α1, 2 in the cell membrane of cumulus in culture medium.
Sama Rezasoltani , Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei , Hossein Dabiri , Abbas Akhavan Sepahi , Mohammad Hossein Modarressi , Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad ,
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in the world which is mainly caused by epigenetic and environmental factors. Among these epigenetic factors, gut microbiota is an important one. Although it has not been proved a unique group of bacteria correlated with colorectal cancer, these findings have generally demonstrated differences between healthy and disease gut microbiome in population. Actually, the identification and investigation of intestinal microbiota in early detection of colorectal cancer have been highlighted in new researches and studies. Herein, in the current study, we aimed to evaluate the number of selected gut bacteria including Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli and Prevotella in the fecal specimens of adenomatous polyposis patients, colorectal cancerous cases in compared to normal participants in terms of estimating important role of gut microbiota during colorectal cancer initiation and progression.
Methods: The current research was a case-control study. Fecal samples were provided from 31 healthy individuals, 42 adenomatous polyposis patients and 20 colorectal cancer cases that were referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from August 2016 to August 2017 for colorectal cancer screening tests. Fecal samples were collected to analyze intestinal bacteria including, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Prevotella by absolute quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of these gut bacteria was precisely determined by this method of real-time PCR.
Results: Higher number of Prevotella with 24.6 CT number (P<0.005) and E.coli with 20.4 CT number (P<0.015) were achieved in colorectal cancer cases and adenomatous polyposis patients in contrast to samples from normal individuals. On the contrary, the opposite range was observed for the quantification of Lactobacillus and greater numbers of bacteria (CT=28.6) were detected in normal, compared to the colorectal cancer cases and adenomatous polyposis (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The gut microbiota composition of individuals with colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyposis differs from that of healthy individuals, and the higher numbers of pathogenic microbiota versus beneficial microbiota present in those with colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyposis. In contrast, healthy individuals have higher numbers of beneficial gut microbiota than pathogenic microbes. These findings need more experimental analysis and investigation to better clarify.
Methods: The current research was a case-control study. Fecal samples were provided from 31 healthy individuals, 42 adenomatous polyposis patients and 20 colorectal cancer cases that were referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from August 2016 to August 2017 for colorectal cancer screening tests. Fecal samples were collected to analyze intestinal bacteria including, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Prevotella by absolute quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of these gut bacteria was precisely determined by this method of real-time PCR.
Results: Higher number of Prevotella with 24.6 CT number (P<0.005) and E.coli with 20.4 CT number (P<0.015) were achieved in colorectal cancer cases and adenomatous polyposis patients in contrast to samples from normal individuals. On the contrary, the opposite range was observed for the quantification of Lactobacillus and greater numbers of bacteria (CT=28.6) were detected in normal, compared to the colorectal cancer cases and adenomatous polyposis (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The gut microbiota composition of individuals with colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyposis differs from that of healthy individuals, and the higher numbers of pathogenic microbiota versus beneficial microbiota present in those with colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyposis. In contrast, healthy individuals have higher numbers of beneficial gut microbiota than pathogenic microbes. These findings need more experimental analysis and investigation to better clarify.
Mehdi Sanatkar , Mehrdad Goudarzi , Ebrahim Espahbodi ,
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background: Cataract is one of the most common eye diseases especially in elderly patients and most of these patients require surgery. In the process of sedation, different drugs are used, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Dexmedetomidine is one of the drugs that has recently received special attention for sedation. In this study, we compared the drug combination of dexmedetomidine-fentanyl with midazolam-fentanyl in cataract surgery.
Methods: In a case-control study, the patients who underwent cataract surgery by a surgeon with topical anesthesia and sedation techniques were included in the target group. Seventy patients were divided into two groups of 35 according to a random number table. One group received dexmedetomidine-fentanyl (dexmedetomidine group) and the other received midazolam-fentanyl (midazolam group). Age, sex, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, patient sedation, surgeon satisfaction, recovery nurse satisfaction, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups. The study was performed in the Farabi Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from October to November 2019.
Results: Patients in the two groups were similar in age, sex, weight, and preoperative hemodynamic variables. There was no significant difference in preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (P=0.150). However, those who received dexmedetomidine had significantly lower intraoperative heart rate (P<0.001). The difference in postoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as postoperative heart rate was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in postoperative sedation (P=0.93). The surgeon’s satisfaction was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.17). Also, the rate of recovery nurse satisfaction was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.21). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar in both groups (P=1.00).
Conclusion: Sedation with dexmedetomidine decreases blood pressure and heart rate. Therefore, it is recommended to use dexmedetomidine more cautiously in patients with unstable hemodynamics and especially in short surgical procedures.
Methods: In a case-control study, the patients who underwent cataract surgery by a surgeon with topical anesthesia and sedation techniques were included in the target group. Seventy patients were divided into two groups of 35 according to a random number table. One group received dexmedetomidine-fentanyl (dexmedetomidine group) and the other received midazolam-fentanyl (midazolam group). Age, sex, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, patient sedation, surgeon satisfaction, recovery nurse satisfaction, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups. The study was performed in the Farabi Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from October to November 2019.
Results: Patients in the two groups were similar in age, sex, weight, and preoperative hemodynamic variables. There was no significant difference in preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (P=0.150). However, those who received dexmedetomidine had significantly lower intraoperative heart rate (P<0.001). The difference in postoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as postoperative heart rate was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in postoperative sedation (P=0.93). The surgeon’s satisfaction was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.17). Also, the rate of recovery nurse satisfaction was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.21). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar in both groups (P=1.00).
Conclusion: Sedation with dexmedetomidine decreases blood pressure and heart rate. Therefore, it is recommended to use dexmedetomidine more cautiously in patients with unstable hemodynamics and especially in short surgical procedures.
Maryam Tajvar, Amirhossein Mortezaei, Ali Sadeghinia, Seyed Naser Emadi , Zeinab Khaledian,
Volume 80, Issue 5 (8-2022)
Volume 80, Issue 5 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is a multifactorial acquired disorder characterized by the complete or partial destruction of skin melanocytes in the affected areas. Vitiligo affects the personal and social life of patients negatively and causes defects in their quality of life. Since the role of psychological factors in some skin diseases and chronic disorders has been identified, the present study was conducted to understand the possible role of psychological stress in the incidence of vitiligo disease.
Methods: This is a Retrospective Case-Control Study that was conducted in the Razi hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Science in 2021. Razi hospital is a specific referral center for dermatologic disorders. In this study, 87 patients with onset of vitiligo not more than 3 years before evaluation (case) were compared with 130 patients affected by other skin disorders with a well-established etiology (control). Participants were selected through convenience sampling from August to February. They were studied for experienced stressful life events during the year before the diagnosis. To understand this, we utilized a validated Stressful life events (SLE) Questionnaire. Additionally, we probed a clinical record, to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, medical history, and clinical status of the disease. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 23 with descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: The incidence of the vitiligo disease by controlling socioeconomic confounders, was related to experience of stressful life events in past year (OR=1.89, CI=95%, P=0.01). The chance of developing vitiligo increased by 89% per each unit increase in the mean of stressful event. Also, an increase in personal conflicts (OR =2.23, P= 0.00), Educational concerns (OR=1.94, P=0.00), job security (OR=1.28, P=0.03) and family life (OR=1.57, P=0.03) significantly (95% CI) increased the chance of developing vitiligo disease. While for other events were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion: stress plays a significant role in vitiligo disease as a causal factor. So, Psychosocial intervention should be considered in preventing and treatment of disease.
Methods: This is a Retrospective Case-Control Study that was conducted in the Razi hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Science in 2021. Razi hospital is a specific referral center for dermatologic disorders. In this study, 87 patients with onset of vitiligo not more than 3 years before evaluation (case) were compared with 130 patients affected by other skin disorders with a well-established etiology (control). Participants were selected through convenience sampling from August to February. They were studied for experienced stressful life events during the year before the diagnosis. To understand this, we utilized a validated Stressful life events (SLE) Questionnaire. Additionally, we probed a clinical record, to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, medical history, and clinical status of the disease. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 23 with descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: The incidence of the vitiligo disease by controlling socioeconomic confounders, was related to experience of stressful life events in past year (OR=1.89, CI=95%, P=0.01). The chance of developing vitiligo increased by 89% per each unit increase in the mean of stressful event. Also, an increase in personal conflicts (OR =2.23, P= 0.00), Educational concerns (OR=1.94, P=0.00), job security (OR=1.28, P=0.03) and family life (OR=1.57, P=0.03) significantly (95% CI) increased the chance of developing vitiligo disease. While for other events were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion: stress plays a significant role in vitiligo disease as a causal factor. So, Psychosocial intervention should be considered in preventing and treatment of disease.
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