Showing 81 results for Zh
Asadi M, Farokhi F, Ganji Bakhsh M, Delirezh N, Nejati V, Gholami K,
Volume 69, Issue 1 (4 2011)
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, dendritic cells (DC) are used for tumor immunotherapy as
they can induce immune responses against tumor cells. In this research, we comprehensively studied the maturation stimulus addition, PHA-activated T-cell (PHA- TCM) conditioned medium, autologous monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM) and TNF-α for their ability to promote uniformly mature dendritic cells that elicit T-cell responses.
Methods: Plastic adherent monocytes were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for five days and two days with monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM), tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF-α)
without TCM (PHA-activated T-cell conditioned medium). Phenotypic and functional
analyses were carried out using anti-CD14, anti-CD80, anti-CD86, anti-CD83 monoclonal antibodies. Phagocytic activity, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cytokine production were also evaluated.
Results: The generated dendritic cells had high expression of surface molecules i.e. CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR. Moreover, the cells had low phagocytic and high T- lymphocyte stimulating activities. Measurement of the produced cytokines showed the generation of type-1 dendritic cells (DC1) in the study.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that more efficient maturation of dendritic cells could be achieved by the use of PHA-activated T-lymphocyte conditioned medium in the culture medium. The aforesaid supernatant can be used as a maturation factor for
the production of efficient dendritic cells with the ability to be used for tumor
immunotherapy. This conditioned medium can provide new strategies and evolve into more advance tools for the generation of dendritic cells in vitro for tumor immunotherapy.
Gholami K, Nejati V, Delirezh N, Ganji Bakhsh M, Asadi M,
Volume 69, Issue 3 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: The innate and adaptive immune responses are dependent on the
migration of leukocytes across endothelial cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the initiation of cellular immune responses during their migration from tissues into the lymph nodes where they interact with endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. We investigated the effects of surface-adherent and non-activated endothelial cells on phenotypic and functional characteristics of dendritic cells. Methods: Immature dendritic cells were generated from the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their subsequent culture in DC-RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FCS, interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for five days. On day five, a maturation factor (composed of monocyte-conditioned medium, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and poly I:C) was added to the RPMI medium where immature DCs were co-cultured with endothelial cell monolayer for 24 h. The maturation of harvested DCs on day seven was evaluated via flow cytometry, a beta-counter and an ELISA kit.
Results: This study showed that the endothelial cells interact with dendritic cells generated from peripheral blood monocytes via cell-to-cell interaction. This interaction inhibits the maturation of DCs via decrease in the expression of CD83, CD86, CD80, HLA-DR and up-regulation of CD14. The interaction also inhibits the stimulation of T-lymphocytes resulting in a decrease in their proliferation.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it could be concluded that the endothelial cells can act as a potent regulator for DCs differentiation and function at the encounter made between them during the migration of DCs from tissues to lymph
nodes.
Mesbah F, Bahri A, Ghasemi E, Talaei Khozani T, Mirkhani H, Parsanezhad Me,
Volume 69, Issue 3 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of
anovulatory infertility. Metformin which is effectively used for the treatment of anovulatory PCOS improves pregnancy rate and endometrial receptivity and reduces the risk of miscarriage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of metformin on the endometrium, the number of fetuses and hormonal levels of PCOS rats.
Methods: Forty female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly into four equal groups. Group I: control rats, group II: rats receiving metformin (150 mg/kg/day), group III: Estradiol Valerate-induced PCOS rats (4 mg/rat) and group IV: induced PCOS rats receiving metformin. Body weight and serum levels of glucose, LH, FSH, testosterone, progesterone and estradiol were measured. Following mating, each group was divided into two subgroups and the rats were sacrificed on the 5th and 15th day of gestation to evaluate endometrial reaction to implantation and fetus count, respectively. Results: Hormone assay showed a significant increase in testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH and blood glucose levels in group III compared to the controls (P≤0.01) and a significant decrease in blood glucose in group IV versus group III (P≤0.01). Progesterone concentration had no significant differences between groups III and the controls. Weight was higher in group III than group I but it had no decrease after metformin administration. No significant differences were detected regarding implantation rate and number of fetuses in all rats.
Conclusion: Metformin has significant effects on pregnancy rate and the hormonal and blood glucose levels of Estradiol Valerate-induced PCOS rats.
Bizheh N, Rashidlamir A, Zabihi A, Jaafari M,
Volume 69, Issue 3 (5 2011)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, are the main causes
of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease has had an increasing prevalence in Iran in recent years. Homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) are two novel cardiovascular risk factors that independently predict risks of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one session of circuit resistance training on the blood levels of the aforesaid inflammatory markers in inactive middle- aged men.
Methods: The participants of this study included twenty-three healthy but inactive middle-aged men who were overweight and were randomly divided into two experimental (n=14) and control (n=9) groups. The activity included doing exercises with the subjects’ 35% one-repetition maximum (1-RM) intensity at ten different stations. Blood levels of homocysteine and hs-CRP were measured before and after the exercise.
Results: Analysis of data using independent samples t-test showed a significant increment in the serum levels of homocysteine and hs-CRP after training in the experimental (P<0.05) versus the control group.
Conclusion: Elevation of homocysteine levels is due to the increase in protein metabolism and creatine synthesis for energy production and elevation of hs-CRP levels could be due to hepatic induction of interleukin-6 that acts as a signal for the stimulation of lipolysis and glycogenolysis. However, beneficial or adverse physiological effects of these changes are not thoroughly understood and more research is needed to conclude about the acute and chronic effects of different types of physical activity on the blood levels of these atherosclerosis risk factors.
Tanhaye Kalate Sabz F, Farokhi F, Delirezh N, Chapari H, ,
Volume 69, Issue 4 (6 2011)
Abstract
Background: Cell-therapy provides a promising alternative for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Monocytes which have a reprogramming or differentiation potential and are more available than any other types of stem cells, have been recognized as candidates for such investigations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differentiation potential of rat peripheral blood monocytes into insulin-producing cells by the use of rat pancreatic extract (2 days after a 60% pancreatectomy).
Methods: Rat peripheral blood monocytes were isolated and cultured. Adherent monocytes were induced to differentiate into programmable cells in RPMI supplemented by 10% FCS, &beta-mercaptoetanol, M-CSF and IL-3 for six days. The dedifferentiated cells were analyzed by invert microscopy. Cultures of Programmable Cells of Monocytic Origin (PCMOs) were continued in RPMI, containing 10% FBS, pancreatic extract and 5 mmol/L glucose for 15 days. The medium was replaced every three days. At the end of the protocol, insulin and c-peptide excreted by the differentiated cells were tested by radioimmunoassay on days 6, 14, and 21. In order to verify insulin production in the cells, dithizone-staining, which is a method for insulin identification, was employed.
Results: The results showed that the cells cultured in rat pancreatic extract secreted insulin and c-peptide relative to the control group. Dithizone-staining was positive in the aforesaid cells (P<0/05).
Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that pancreatic extract treatment can differentiate rat peripheral blood monocytes into insulin-producing cells which can be regarded as a potential source for the treatment of diabetes.
Mirsharifi R, Zhand N, Shahriyarian Sh, Meysamie A, Mirsharifi A, Aminian A,
Volume 69, Issue 5 (6 2011)
Abstract
Background: Prevalence of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), estimated by various studies, ranged from 4.1% to 14.2% in men older than 60 years. Most cases of AAA are asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally. Approximately the initial presentation in 12% of cases of AAA is sudden rupture with subsequent high mortality. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and screening necessity of AAA among Iranian men older than 65 years old.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, men older than 65 years, who referred for ultrasound examination to three different centers in Tehran, Iran at the year 2008 were included for evaluation of size of the abdominal aorta and presence of AAA.
Results: A total of 240 men older than 65 years enrolled in this study. AAA was found in 24 of the participants with prevalence rate of 10% in the studied population. Mean diameter of detected aneurysms was 3.931.435 cm. In 4 (1.7%) subjects, aneurysms greater than 5.5 cm in diameter were detected. One of these four subjects had the history of coronary artery disease and one was cigarette smoker. Three out of four had history of hypertension.
Conclusion: Considering the estimated prevalence rate of AAA by the current study and the population of Iranian men older than 65, implementing of mass screening for AAA in this group would detect 986 asymptomatic cases each year. Therefore, the authors recommend further studies about the cost-effectiveness of mass screening for AAA among Iranian men above 65 years.
Naraghi M, Madani Kermani Sz, Mohammadnezhad Sf,
Volume 69, Issue 10 (5 2012)
Abstract
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Background: Osteoma
is a bony slow growing benign tumor in one of the sinuses. It is usually
asymptomatic but clinical symptoms will occur by its overgrowth, occupation of
sinus space and obstruction of ostia.
Methods : This descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was done by accessing
the medical records of 17 patients with paranasal sinuses osteomas admitted in Tehran Amir
Alam Hospital during 1999-2008.
Results : The mean age of the participants was 33.9 years and 12 (70.6%) were male and 5 (29.4%) were female. No positive family histories existed for the lesions. The
mean time interval between the onset of symptom and attending the hospital was 4.4 years.
Frontal followed by ethmoid sinus osteomas were more common in
comparison to other sinuses. The most reported symptoms in frontal sinus osteomas
were upper eyelid inflation and headache and proptosis, nasal congestions and
diplopia in ethmoid sinus osteomas. Most patients had been endoscopically treated.
Conclusion: In small-to-medium-sized osteomas with no invasion
into orbit or skull base, endoscopic surgery is the treatment of choice with
minimum side-effects.
Ganji Bakhsh M, Nejati V, Asadi M, Delirezh N, Farokhi F,
Volume 69, Issue 11 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, dendritic cells (DCs) have a special place in cancer treatment strategies and they have been used for tumor immunotherapy as they can induce immune response against tumor cells. Researchers have been trying to generate efficient dendritic cells in vitro therefore, this research was done to generate them for use in research and tumor immunotherapy.
Methods: This study took place at Urmia University in 2010-2011 years. In this study plastic adherent monocytes were incubated with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for five days. Finally, fully matured and stable DCs were generated by 48 hours of incubation in a monocyte conditioned medium (MCM) containing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and epithelial cells. Phenotypic and functional analysis were carried out by using anti-CD14, anti-CD80, anti-CD86, and anti-CD83 monoclonal antibodies, and by determining their phagocytic activity, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cytokine production, respectively.
Results: Dendritic cells were produced with high levels of surface molecule, i.e. of CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR, expression and low levels of CD14 expression. Dendritic cells showed efficient phagocytosis and ability to stimulate T-lymphocytes. Moreover, dendritic cells could secrete high levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) cytokine which was depictive of their full maturation. Measurement of the produced cytokines showed the generation of type-1 dendritic cells (DC1).
Conclusion: Our study showed that skin epithelial cells could induce maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). This feeder layer led to the production of efficient dendritic cells with the ability to be used for tumor immunotherapy.
Chapari H, Farokhi F, Delirezh N, Javadi Sh, Tanhaye Kalate Sabz F,
Volume 69, Issue 11 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: The characteristic of stem cells in self renewal and differentiation to different types of cells has stimulated the interests for using stem cells as a starting material for generating insulin secreting cells. We've evaluated the differentiation potential of Programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMOs) into insulin producing cells effected from the growth factors and fibroblasts conditioned media (FCM).
Methods: Peripheral blood monocytes of rat were cultured for 6 days in RPMI with 15% FBS, β- mercaptoethanol, MCSF and interleukin-3. Then, these cells were incubated in differentiation media with HGF, EGF, Nicotinamide, 15% fibroblasts conditioned media and glucose for 15days. Morphological differences of cells were studied by invert microscope. In several stages, the amounts of insulin in supernatant of cells were measured by radioimmunoassay kit. Also productions of insulin from differentiated cells were studied with DTZ special staining.
Results: In response to MCSF and IL-3, monocytes dedifferentiated. These programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMOs) were capable of differentiating into insulin producing cells in differentiation media. The morphology of differentiated cells was similar to Beta cells and the amount of insulin in supernatant of differentiated cells was much higher than PCMOs (P<0.05).
Conclusion: HGF, EGF, Nicotinamide and fibroblasts conditioned media are differentiation factors of PCMOs into insulin producing cells. According to the results insulin producing cells can be differentiated from programmable cells of monocytic origin in presence of fibroblasts conditioned media.
Abtahi Froushani Sm, Delirezh N, Hobbenaghi R, Mosayebi Gh,
Volume 69, Issue 11 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have demonstrated an essential role for IL-17 in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Furthermore, it has been shown that FoxP3+Treg cells play an important role in the suppression of autoinflammatory reactions. Although, previous studies have determined the immunomodulatory potentials of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), but these immunomodulations have been mostly justified by alteration in Th1/Th2 cytokines. The present study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic effects of ATRA on EAE and its effects on T-helper cells responses.
Methods: EAE was induced by MOG35-55 peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant in female C57BL/6 mice. The mice were allocated to two therapeutic groups (n=7 per group). Treatment with ATRA (500 μg/mouse every other day) was initiated in treatment group on day 12 when they developed a disability score. EAE controls received vehicle alone with the same schedule. Signs of disease were recorded daily until day 33 when the mice were sacrificed. Splenocytes were tested for proliferation by MTT test, cytokine production by ELISA and FoxP3+Treg cell frequency by flowcytometry.
Results: ATRA significantly reduced the clinical signs of established EAE. Aside from decreasing lymphocytic proliferation (P<0.05), ATRA significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory IL-17 (P<0.005) as well as IFN-γ (P<0.0005) upon antigen-specific restimulation of splenocytes. FoxP3+Treg cell frequency and IL-10 levels were not altered significantly. However, IFN-γ to IL-10 and IL-17 to IL-10 ratios decreased significantly (P<0.0005).
Conclusion: Parallel to reducing autoreactive lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in favor of pro-inflammatory cytokines, all-trans-retinoic acid ameliorated established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Rashidi-Nezhad A, Fakhri L, Hantoush Zadeh S, Amini E, Sajjadian N, Hossein Zadeh P, Niknam Oskouei F, Akrami Sm,
Volume 70, Issue 10 (4 2013)
Abstract
Background: Neonatal deaths stand for almost two-thirds of all deaths occurring in infants under one year of age. Congenital anomalies are responsible for 24.5% of these cases forming a highly important issue for health policy-makers.
Methods: We studied the pre-, peri- and post-natal conditions of 77 patients with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) through genetic counseling at Several university Hospitals, in Tehran, Iran. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The patients did not have a good prognosis, demonstrating the need for the diagnosis of such diseases early in pregnancy to be of utmost importance. We screened for trisomy and nuchal translucency, which the first showed a low risk and the second showed normal results in most cases.
Conclusion: Establishment of standards for prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies and monitoring their implementation seem to be necessary for the reduction of deaths due to congenital anomalies and infant mortality rate (IMR).
Loghmanni A, Delirezha N, Ownagh A, Mohebalianc H,
Volume 70, Issue 12 (5 2013)
Abstract
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with impairment in function of central nervous system. Macrophages and dendritic cells play important roles in alleviating or progression of the disease. These cells can cause inflammation and damage to the myelin of nerve cells by realizing of harmful substances when these cells get matured. We studied the effect of Alternaria alternata extract on maturation of monocyte- derived dendritic cell (modc) and T-cell responses in the presence of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) as a laboratory model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is suitable dendritic cells production for usage in MS immunotherapy.
Methods: For this study plastic adherent monocytes were cultured with granulocyte/ macrophage- colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin -4 for converting these cells to modc and pulsed with MBP and matured in the presence of monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM) in control group and MCM + Alternaria alternata extract in treatment groups. Anti-CD14, anti-CD83, anti-human leukocyte antigen-DR (anti HLA-DR) monoclonal antibody were carried out for phenotyping. Autologos T cell responses and cytokine production were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the expression of CD14 decreased and CD83, HLA-DR increased in treatment groups in comparison with control groups. The production amount of IL-10 overcame IL-12 and in T cell the production of cytokines, IL-17 and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) decreased and IL-4 was increased (P<0.05). These effects escalated with increasing of dosage from 50 to 100 (mg/ml) (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Alternaria alternata extract can cause maturation of MBP-pulsed modc and skewing of T- lymphocyte toward Th2 and thereby can evolve into a new strategy in immunotherapy of MS.
Zahra Rezai , Seydeh Sareh Heydari Bazardehi , Azizeh Ghasemi Nezhad , Amir Saeid Sadeghi , Batool Ghorbani Yekta ,
Volume 71, Issue 11 (February 2014)
Abstract
Background: To compare the success rate and side effects of letrozole and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone for medical termination of early pregnancy.
Methods: The patients requesting termination of pregnancy up to 63 days of gestation were randomized into two groups. The letrozole group received letrozole 10 mg daily for 3 days followed by 800 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol, while the placebo group received placebo for 3 days followed by the same dosage of misoprostol. The complete abortion rate and the side effects profiles of the two groups were compared. The primary outcome measure was the abortion rate.
Results: A total of 214 women were recruited. Overal complete abortion rate was 81.3%, complete abortion rate in the letrozole group was not significantly higher than that of the placebo group (84.1% compared 78.5%). After receiving 800 mcg misoprostol, 37 case (17.3%) had complete abortion that 13 cases (12%) of the misoprostol group and 24 patients (22.5%) of the cominabtion group and after receiving 1600 mcg, misoprostol, in 137 cases (77.4%) had complete abortion that 71 patients (75.5%) of the misoprostol group and 66 cases (79.5%) was obtained for the combination group. This difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). D & C in 40 cases (18.7%) reported that was not significantly different in the two groups, 17 cases (15.9 %) in the combination group versus 23 (21.5%) in the misoprostol group. Side effects such as fever, tachycardia, diarrhea and pain were similar in the two groups there were not significantly fewer women complaining of side effects in the letrozole group than those in the placebo group (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Combination of letrozole and misoprostol is as effective as misoprostol alone in complete abortion rate. Based on these results, the use of misoprostol in combination with letrozole is safe and not expensive.
Peiman Haddad , Zhaleh Karimimoghaddam , Farshid Farhan , Mahbod Esfahani , Mahdieh Afkhami , Farnaz Amouzegar-Hashemi,
Volume 71, Issue 11 (February 2014)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal carcinoma is a common malignancy, in treatment of which pelvic radiotherapy plays an important role. But this may lead to azospermia. We designed a study to determine the delivered dose to the testis with thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) and compare it to the dose calculated by the Three-dimensional planning software.
Methods: We measured the testicular doses by TLD the TLDs were fixed to the scrotum in six points anteriorly and posteriorly in two random fractions of the radiation course. All patients received a 50-50.4 Gy radiation dose to the pelvis in a prone position with standard fractionation and 3-dimensional planning, through three or four fields. The average dose of the TLD measurements was compared to the average of 6 relevant point doses calculated by the planning software.
Results: In 33 patients with a mean age of 56 years, the mean testis dose of radiation measured by TLD was 3.77 Gy, equal to 7.5% of the total prescribed dose. The mean of point doses calculated by the 3-dimensional planning software was 4.11 Gy, equal to 8.1% of the total prescribed dose. A significant relationship was seen between the position of the inferior edge of the fields and the mean testis dose (P= 0.04). Also body mass index (BMI) was inversely related with the testicular dose (P= 0.049).
Conclusion: In this study, the mean testis dose of radiation was 3.77 Gy, similar to the dose calculated by the planning software (4.11 Gy). This dose could be significantly harmful for spermatogenesis, though low doses of scattered radiation to the testis in fractionated radiotherapy might be followed with better recovery. Based on above findings, careful attention to testicular dose in radiotherapy of rectal cancer for the males desiring continued fertility seems to be required.
Leila Pourali , Sedigheh Ayati , Fatemeh Vahidroodsari , Manizhe Javanmard , Faezeh Poursadrollah,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (March 2014)
Abstract
Background: Twin pregnancy with a fetus and a diploid complete mole is not rare, but, the cases of twin pregnancy with a partial mole are rare. Nowadays, the prevalence of these cases has been increased due to the high rate of assisted reproductive techniques in reproductive medicine. The importance of twin pregnancy with a fetus and a diploid complete mole is mainly due to systemic complications such as hypertension and maternal hemorrhage and the possibility of trophoblastic tumor following delivery. Different studies have reported some results about similar cases, but limited case reports are presented in our country. The aim of this study is to report a case with incomplete molar pregnancy concomitant with a live fetus.
Case presentation: A 21 yr old woman (G2 ab1) referred to emergency department of Ghaem University Hospital in Mashhad. She complained of scant vaginal bleeding and spotting and a sonography report of a combined molar and normal pregnancy with 15 weeks gestational aged. During hospitalization, the pregnancy complicated with hypertension and proteinuria. Termination of pregnancy was planned at 17th weeks of gestation due to severe preeclampsia. After evacuation of uterus, during follow up visits, -hCG titer raised. Metastasis evaluation was negative. Pathology reports showed patial mole. Then, three doses of methotrexate (50 mg/m2 intra muscular) was administered and finally, according to the monthly follow up, -hCG level was undetectable.
Conclusion: The rate of pregnancy complications such as hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and obstetrics hemorrhage and also the risk of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm (GTN) are increasing in incomplete molar pregnancy. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment of molar pregnancy is very important to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
Khadijeh Fanayi, Mehdi Ajorloo , Sayed Hamid Reza Mozhgani , Shiva Irani , Alireza Gholami ,
Volume 72, Issue 5 (August 2014)
Abstract
Background: Rabies is an acute encephalitis that causes more than 60,000 deaths worldwide. The only way to save individuals bitten by a rabies-infected animal is the timely use of effective vaccines. Treatment with new generation vaccines is expensive. Therefore, there is a global movement towards the production of less expensive vaccines which retain and improve upon the quality and effectiveness of the vaccine. Production and evaluation of non-classical vaccines is one of the approaches taken in this regard. In this study, we describe a new eukaryotic expression system to express the nucleoprotein N gene of rabies virus which, if suitable, may be evaluated for anti-rabies vaccine production.
Methods: The complete sequence of the N gene of rabies virus PV subtype was amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the pCDNA3.1(+) vector. The cloned gene was excised from the vector by restriction enzyme digestion and sequenced. Due to mutations detected in the N gene, the gene coding sequence was purchased as a recombinant pGH/N vector. Vector pGH/N was amplified and following enzymatic digestion, the excised N gene was once again cloned into vector pCDNA3.1(+). Successful cloning was confirmed using restriction digests and quick check. The recombinant vector pCDNA3.1(+)/N was transformed into cultured BSR cells and protein N expression was analyzed using fluorescent antibody test (FAT).
Results: Electrophoresis confirmed amplification of the nucleoprotein N gene and subsequent restriction enzyme digestion showed that the N gene had been successfully cloned into the recombinant pCDNA3.1(+)/N vector. However, DNA sequencing revealed the presence of mutations within the N gene. Restriction digest of the commercial pGH/N vector showed that the N gene had been excised from the vector. Successful cloning of the N gene into the pCDNA3.1(+) expression vector was confirmed using restriction digests and quick check. Protein expression in BSR cells was assayed by immunostaining with anti-ribonucleocapsid FITC-conjugated antibody and visually confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.
Conclusion: This study showed that the protein N of rabies virus subtype PV can be expressed in a eukaryotic expression system using the pCDNA3.1(+) expression vector.
Leyla Soleymani , Rahim Hobbenaghi , Aram Mokarizadeh , Samad Zare , Nowruz Delirezh ,
Volume 72, Issue 7 (October 2014)
Abstract
Background: Recently, bone-marrow-derived cells have introduced new therapeutic approaches to the management of wound healing in severe skin injuries. Bone marrow-derived stromal cells are described as a heterogeneous population, including mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and fibro-blast cells. Results derived from several studies indicate that these cells may contribute to tissue regeneration whether through producing variety of bioactive growth factors and/or by differentiation into mesoderm lineage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of subcutaneous administration of bone marrow-derived stromal cells in repairing or regeneration of skin wounds induced by third-degree burn in a mouse model.
Methods: In an experimental study that was performed in Urmia University research center from December 2011 to June 2012, The third-degree skin burn was induced on the shaved backs of healthy 7-8 week old male mice (N=18) using a metal rods heated in boiling water. After 1 hour, based on the equal physical condition mice were randomly divided into two separate groups and then subcutaneously administered with phosphate buffered saline (PBS 400 µl) or bone marrow-derived stromal cells (106 cell in 400µl PBS) at the burn site. 7, 14 and 21 days after induction of burn injury, biopsies were taken from burn wounds and then the sections were prepared. Subsequently the prepared sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Masson's trichrome to explore histopathological changes evoke by administration of bone marrow derived stromal cells in comparison with control subjects.
Results: Considering investigated parameters including formation of granulation tissue (respectively on days 7, 14 and 21 P≤ 0/007, P≤ 0/0013 and P≤ 0/001), angiogenesis (on day 21 P≤ 0/002) and collagen deposition, in mice treated with bone marrow-derived stromal cells the rate of healing of third-degree thermal burns was significantly accelerated when compared to the PBS-treated mice.
Conclusion: This experimental modulation of wound healing suggests that bone marrow-derived stromal cells can significantly enhance the rate of wound healing possibly through stimulation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition.
Firooz Esmaeilzadeh, Nahid Hatam , Zhila Esmaeilzadeh , Abdolhalim Rajabi , Meysam Anami , Sajad Vahedi , Hossien Mirzaei,
Volume 72, Issue 9 (December 2014)
Abstract
Background: The rabies is a deadly disease and if its symptoms break out in a person, he will certainly die. However, the deaths caused rabies can be prevented by post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
Methods: In this study, subjects were recruited through census and with respect to in-formation which gathered from Fars Province health centers, Pasteur institution and previous studies In Iran. The mortalities for age groups and by sex type have been cal-culated. The decision tree model using probabilities, which the effectiveness of PEP treatment after getting bitten by an animal suspected, persons to receive specified. Dis-ability adjusted life year score (DALY) was applied to estimate the DALYs saved from PEP. In this study it was assumed that if a person suffering with rabies, a few days af-ter the onset of symptoms, death is compulsory. Therefore YLD rabies was considered zero. Finally, to increasing the accuracy and because inherent uncertainty of the data, and the increase the power of analysis, one-way sensitivity analysis was used.
Results: From March 2011 to March 2012, in Fars Province, total cases of animal bites were reported and received PEP treatment. The cases were 5394 (75.85%) male and 1717 (24.15%) female. PEP generally prevented from 177.076 deaths which 134.096 (75.72%) were men and 42.98 (24.27%) of them were women. The age distribution of suspected animal bites in youth more than adults, and in men higher than women. Also due to prevented mortality caused by PEP, it is prevented from 4455.71 DALYs. Based on the sensitivity analysis DALY prevented, except for dogs and cats, there was no change in the other animals.
Conclusion: The implementation of PEP for animal bitten people remarkably reduced the burden of disease in community. Calculations with primitive cost estimations im-plicitly revealed that this intervention is a most cost-effectiveness program.
Farin Soleimani , Nasibe Sharifi , Fereshteh Rasti Borujeni , Mina Amiri , Somayeh Khazaiyan , Azita Fathnezhad Kazemi ,
Volume 72, Issue 11 (February 2015)
Abstract
Growing and developing are influenced by genetic, social and environmental factors and it's most important and initial phase step is formed of the early life of the fetus and infant. According to the world health organization, the incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight are increasing in most countries that most of it related to developing countries. Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are one the most important causes of death in the world and therefore are considered as one of the major health problems that can affect growing and developing so that it can threaten public health. Advances in medical technology in recent decades at intensive care unit, increased survival of premature infants and high-risk specialist care is needed, but failed, to reduce the complications of premature birth but it couldn’t reduce complications of preterm birth. There is also an increased recognition of the potential disconnect between perinatal outcomes and long-term outcomes. The administration of oxygen and postnatal steroids are prime examples of interventions that may have immediate positive effects but negative long-term effects. Many premature babies will be encounter with mobility problems, cognitive, neurosensory impairments, cerebral palsy, cognitive and language delays, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness and hearing loss, behavioral and psychosocial disorders, learning difficulties and dysfunction in scholastic performances in the future. These disadvantages appear to persist into adulthood and therefore have broad implications for society. Without a doubt, one of the tragedies of the world is people with physical or mental damage caused by premature birth, many of these disorders are not early diagnosed and the prediction of long term complications of infants discharged from the NICU is difficult. Although nourodevelopmental follow-up of these babies is a necessary part of the neonatal assessment but there is no standard process for it. The present review article aims to introduce the care process and tools that is used for following-up these babies, also introduces the application of screening tools for neuro-developmental care.
Bita Soltanian , Shiva Irani , Sarvenaz Hashemi , Seyed Hamid Reza Mozhgani , Mehdi Ajorloo, Yoosef Cheraghi , Alireza Gholami ,
Volume 72, Issue 11 (February 2015)
Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures is considered as a major economic, research and production problem. In this study, mycoplasma-infected Vero cell lines were treated by various dilutions of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in a timely manner. Removal of mycoplasma contamination from infected cell cultures was evaluated and demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
Methods: This study was done from October 2013 to May 2014, in Human Rabies Vaccine Laboratory, Pasteur Institute Production and Research Complex, Tehran, Iran. Different dilutions of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were used in sequential passages for treatment of infected Vero cell line. Based on lowest passages of the cell line, antibiotic treatment with ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin was done. Amelioration of the infection and removal of mycoplasma contamination was confirmed in each step by PCR method. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS method, was used to suggest the most efficient concentration of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin.
Results: Proposed concentration of ciprofloxacin is 20 μg/ml, and in the second order is 200 μg/ml. For enrofloxacin the best proposed concentrations are 30, 300 and 3 μg/ml respectively. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin and ability of them for removal of mycoplasma and also the time of treatment were verified by evaluation of the recurrence of infection through consecutive subcultures of the treated cell line.
Conclusion: Our results showed that 20 μg/ml of ciprofloxacin was the dilution of choice for mycoplasma elimination followed by 200 μg/ml of ciprofloxacin. Concentrations of 3, 30 and 300 of enrofloxacin, respectively, are appropriate for mycoplasma removal. More detailed works would be needed to verify the authenticity of the proposed simple and affordable way of mycoplasma elimination.
